{"pageNumber":"425","pageRowStart":"10600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":63622,"text":"gp98 - 1953 - Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central Itasca County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T19:40:30.862827","indexId":"gp98","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central Itasca County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp98","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., and Henderson, J.R., 1953, Total intensity aeromagnetic and geologic map of east-central Itasca County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 98, 2 Plates: 44.11 × 26.00 inches and 27.75 × 29.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp98.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 44.11 × 26.00 inches and 27.75 × 29.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388852,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3594.htm"},{"id":260516,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0098/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":260515,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0098/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"itasca County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7780,\n              47.7375\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1,\n              47.7375\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1,\n              47.4778\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7780,\n              47.4778\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7780,\n              47.7375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, John R. Jr.","contributorId":96346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12659,"text":"ofr5321 - 1953 - Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43649,"text":"ofr5122 - 1951 - Geologic maps of Medicine Butte, Broncho, Golden Valley, Beulah, Stanton, and Hazen quadrangles, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr5122","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic maps of Medicine Butte, Broncho, Golden Valley, Beulah, Stanton, and Hazen quadrangles, North Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":12659,"text":"ofr5321 - 1953 - Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr5321","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T20:06:27.236189","indexId":"ofr5321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-21","title":"Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Knife River area, consisting of six 15-minute quadrangles, includes the lower half of the Knife River valley in west-central North Dakota. The area, in the center of the Williston Basin, is underlain by the Tongue River member of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene) and the Golden Valley formation (Eocene). The Tongue River includes beds equivalent to the Sentinel Butte shale; the Golden Valley formation, which receives its first detailed description in this report, consists of two members, a lower member of gray to white sandy kaolin clay and an upper member of cross-bedded micaceous sandstone.\r\n\r\nPro-Tongue River rocks that crop out in southwestern North Dakota include the Ludlow member of the Fort Union formation, the Cannonball marine formation (Paleocene) and the Hell Creek, Fox Hills, and Pierre formations, all upper Cretaceous. Post-Golden Valley rocks include the White River formation (Oligocene) and gravels on an old planation surface that may be Miocene or Pliocent.\r\n\r\nSurficial deposits include glacial and fluvial deposits of Pleistocene age and alluvium, dune sand, residual silica, and landslide blocks of Recent age. Three ages of glacial deposits can be differentiated, largely on the basis of three fills, separated by unconformities, in the Knife River valley. All three are of Wisconsin age and probably represent the Iowan, Tazewell, and Mankato substages. Deposits of the Cary substage have not been identified either in the Knife River area or elsewhere in southern North Dakota. Iowan glacial deposits form the outermost drift border in North Dakota. Southwest of this border are a few scattered granite boulders that are residual from the erosion of either the White River formation or a pre-Wisconsin till. The Tazewell drift border cannot be followed in southern North Dakota. The Mankato drift border can be traced in a general way from the South Dakota State line northwest across the Missouri River and through the middle of the Knife River area.\r\n\r\nThe major land forms of southwestern North Dakota are: (1) high buttes that stand above (2) a gravel-capped planation surface and (3) a gently-rolling upland; below the upland surface are (4) remnants of a broad valley stage of erosion into which (5) modern valleys have been cut. The broad valley profiles of many streams continue east across the Missouri River trench and are part of a former drainage system that flowed into Hudson Bay. Crossing the divides are (6) large trenches, formed when the former northeast-flowing streams were dammed by the glacier and diverted to the southeast. The largest diversion valley is occupied by the Missouri River; another diversion system, now largely abandoned, extends from the Killdeer Mountains southwest to the mouth of Porcupine Creek in Sioux County. By analogy with South Dakota, most of the large diversion valleys are thought to have been cut in Illinoian time.\r\n\r\nNumerous diversion valleys of Illinoian to late Wisconsin age cut across the divides. Other Pleistocene land forms include ground and moraines, kames, and terraces. Land forms of Recent age include dunes, alluvial terraces, floodplains, and several types of landslide blocks. One type of landslide, called rockslide slump, has not previously been described.\r\n\r\nDrainage is well adjusted to the structure, most of the streams flowing down the axes of small synclines.\r\n\r\nThe bedrock formations have been gently folded into small domes and synclines that interrupt a gentle northward regional dip into the Williston Basin. Three episodes of deformation affected southwestern North Dakota in Tertiary time: (1) intra-Paleocene, involving warping and minor faulting; (2) post-Eocene, involving uplift and tilting; (2) Oligocene, involving uplift and gentle folding.\r\n\r\nMineral resources include ceramic clay, sand and gravel and lignite coal. The Knife River area is the largest lignite-producing district in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5321","usgsCitation":"Benson, W.E., 1953, Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-21, 318 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5321.","productDescription":"318 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39546.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0021/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Knife River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47.525\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              47.525\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47.525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, William Edward","contributorId":13637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12895,"text":"ofr5331 - 1953 - A preliminary report of geochemical investigations in the Blackbird District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T19:45:43.564535","indexId":"ofr5331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-31","title":"A preliminary report of geochemical investigations in the Blackbird District","docAbstract":"<p>This paper reviews an experimental geochemical prospecting survey in the Blackbird cobalt-copper mining district. The district is in east-central Idaho, about 20 miles west-southwest of Salmon. The area is one of deeply weathered nearly flat-topped upland surfaces cut by steep-walled valleys which are tributary to the canyon of Panther Creek. Most of the area has a relatively heavy vegetative cover, and outcrops are scarce except on the sides of the steeper valleys* Because of the importance of the surficial deposits and soils and the physiographic history of the region on the interpretation of the geochemical data, a separate chapter on this subject by Gerald H. Richmond follows the following brief description of the geology of the district.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5331","usgsCitation":"Canney, F., Hawkes, H.E., Richmond, G., and Vhay, J.S., 1953, A preliminary report of geochemical investigations in the Blackbird District: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-31, Report: 20 p.; 6 Plates: 43.02 x 31.14 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5331.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 6 Plates: 43.02 x 31.14 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":41309,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330903,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-2b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407474,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7892.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41308,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-2a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41310,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330904,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/plate-2c.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackbird district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.426,\n              45.072\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.279,\n              45.072\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.279,\n              45.176\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.426,\n              45.176\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.426,\n              45.072\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canney, F. C.","contributorId":24790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canney","given":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkes, H. E.","contributorId":29805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"H.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, G.M.","contributorId":104066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vhay, J. S.","contributorId":78752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vhay","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":3417,"text":"cir266 - 1953 - Coal resources of Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"266","title":"Coal resources of Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana coal field forms the eastern edge of the eastern interior coal basin, which is near some of the most densely populated and highly productive manufacturing areas of the United States. (See fig. 1. ) For this reason Indiana coal reserves are an important State and National asset. \r\n\r\nIn dollar value the coal mining industry is the largest of Indiana's natural-resource-producing industries. The total value of coil production for the year 1950 was more than 100 million dollars, or more than that of all other natural-resource industries in the State combined. \r\n\r\nAs estimated herein, the original coal reserves of Indiana total 37,293 million tons, of which 27,320 million tons is contained in beds more than 42 inches thick; 7,632 million tons in beds 28 to 49. inches thick; and 2,341 million tons in beds 14 to 28 inches thick. The remaining reserves as of January 1951, total 35,806 million tons, of which 18,779 million tons is believed to be recoverable. The distribution of the reserves in these several categories is summarized by counties in table 1. \r\n\r\nOf the total original reserves of 37,293 million tons, 6,355 million tons can be classified as measured; 8,657 million tons as indicated; and 22,281 million tons as inferred. Strippable reserves constitute 3,524 million tons, or 9.5 percent of the total original reserves. The distribution of the strippable and nonstrippable original reserves is summarized in tables 2 and 3 by counties and by several categories, according to the thickness of the beds and the relative abundance and reliability of the information available for preparing the estimates. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of the estimated 18,779 million tons of recoverable strippable and nonstrippable reserves in Indiana is further summarized by counties in table 4, and the information is presented graphically in figures 2 and 3. \r\n\r\nThe tables i to 4 and figures 2 and 3 include beds in the 14- to 28-inch category, because thin beds have been mined in many places. However, many operators prefer to eliminate the thin beds from consideration as reserves, particularly for deep mining. It is notable, therefore, that only a small part of the estimated reserves in Indiana is contained in the thinner beds. Of the total estimated, recoverable reserves of 18,779 million tons shown in table 4, only 1, 233 million ton's, or about 6 percent, is contained in beds less than 28 inches thick, whereas 17,546 million tons, or about 94 percent, is contained in beds more than 28 inches thick.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir266","usgsCitation":"Spencer, F.D., 1953, Coal resources of Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 266, iv, 42 p. :maps, diagrs., tables ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir266.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :maps, diagrs., tables ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30432,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Frank Darwyn","contributorId":22330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Darwyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34504,"text":"b987 - 1953 - Fluorspar deposits of the Eagle Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T17:06:26.535242","indexId":"b987","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"987","title":"Fluorspar deposits of the Eagle Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Eagle Mountains are in the southeastern part of Hudspeth County, Tex., about 17 miles southwest of Van Horn and 100 miles southeast of El Paso, Tex. The fluorspar deposits are in the northern and northeastern parts of the mountains, except for the Rocky Ridge deposits, which are near the center of the mountainous mass. A good all-weather road leads south from Allamoore on U. S. Highway 80 to the mine and mill at Spar Valley. With the exception of the Rocky Ridge deposits, all deposits can be reached by ranch roads from the main Spar Valley road.</p><p>Fluorspar was first found in the Eagle Mountains in 1919, but no development was undertaken until 1942. Since then, mining has been done at Eagle Spring and at the various deposits in Spar Valley. Many other deposits have been found in the area. About 12,000 tons of fluorspar had been shipped previous to January 1949, most of which came from the North ore body in Spar Valley. A mill was built near the deposits In 1945. With the exception of the Eagle Spring and Tank Canyon deposits, both of minor importance, the fluorspar deposits as of 1950 are all controlled by Texas Fluorspar Mines, Inc., of Van Horn, Tex.</p><p>Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, which crop out on the flanks of the mountains, are overlain by a thick series of Tertiary volcanics that make up much of the central part of the mountains. Low on the northeast side, the Cretaceous rocks are underlain by Permian (?) limestones and the pre-Cambrian Carrizo Mountain schist. The Cretaceous sedimentary rocks range from the Yucca formation of Early Cretaceous (lower Trinity) age through the Eagle Ford formation of Late Cretaceous age. The rocks on the northeast side of the mountains dip southwest, and those on the southwest and west sides dip east-northeast and northeast. The axis of the large syncline thus formed roughly parallels the axis of the range. The igneous rocks occur within the trough of the syncline.</p><p>Both intrusive and extrusive rocks are present. The extrusive rocks have been separated into three divisions : the lower rhyolitic series, trachyte porphyry, and the upper rhyolitic series. Both rhyolitic series consist of flows, flow breccias, volcanic breccias, and tuffaceous sediments, all predominantly of rhyolitic composition, although tending toward andesite locally. These volcanics have been intruded by a small stock of syenite, named in this report the Eagle Peak syenite, which crops out in the central, higher parts of the mountains. Rhyolite sills have invaded the sedimentary rocks near the margin of the volcanics, and diabase and late rhyolite dikes have intruded both sedimentary and volcanic rocks.</p><p>Faults are common in the area, and six series of faults have been recognized. Thrusting from the southwest occurred both before and after the igenous activity and the subsequent downwarping of the central part of the mountains. The early thrust faults were followed by high-angle normal and reverse faults that trend northeastward and cut the volcanics. Later normal and reverse faults trending northwestward, and faults with large horizontal displacements trending roughly eastward, also are present, in addition to very late faults trending in a general northwesterly direction.</p><p>Fluorspar occurs in the Eagle Mountains both as replacement deposits in limestone and as fissure veins, chiefly in rhyolite. Chief among the fissure veins are those occurring along the Rhyolite fault, the Wind Canyon fault, the vein at Shaft 4, and the veins on Fox claims 9 and 10. The most important replacement deposits are in the Rocky Ridge area and in Spar Valley. • At the North ore body in Spar Valley, the fluorine-bearing solutions replaced a series of sandy limestones in the upper beds of the lower part of the Finlay formation. Structural conditions limited the extent of the replaceable beds and consequently of the fluorspar mineralization.</p><p>The fluorine-bearing solutions represent a very late stage of the igneous activity of the area. The large east-trending faults with their wide zones of gouge and breccia, typified by the Rhyolite and Wind Canyon faults, acted as the major channels for the solutions in their upward course. From these faults, the solutions spread outward into other faults and fractures, chiefly those with a northeasterly trend, and into the adjoining limestones. The physical and chemical nature of the surrounding rock, as well as structural conditions affecting the presence of openings in the rock, were the major controlling factors governing the size, extent, and position of the fluorspar deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b987","usgsCitation":"Gillerman, E., 1953, Fluorspar deposits of the Eagle Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 987, Report: v, 98 p.; 14 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/b987.","productDescription":"Report: v, 98 p.; 14 Plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109642,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21254.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21254"},{"id":92792,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92791,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92790,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92789,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92788,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92787,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92786,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92785,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92779,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92780,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92781,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92782,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92783,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92784,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0987/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Hudspeth County","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.14877319335938,\n              30.842110231051304\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90707397460938,\n              30.842110231051304\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90707397460938,\n              31.027047769854388\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.14877319335938,\n              31.027047769854388\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.14877319335938,\n              30.842110231051304\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aead3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillerman, Elliot","contributorId":35741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillerman","given":"Elliot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39244,"text":"pp243C - 1953 - Probable Reklaw age of a ferruginous conglomerate in eastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T19:43:25.915928","indexId":"pp243C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"243","chapter":"C","title":"Probable Reklaw age of a ferruginous conglomerate in eastern Texas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1952 (Professional Paper 243)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp243C","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, L.W., 1953, Probable Reklaw age of a ferruginous conglomerate in eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 243, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp243C.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":486126,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.5731,\n              33.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5731,\n              29.0583\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5314,\n              29.0583\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5314,\n              33.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5731,\n              33.4833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, L. W.","contributorId":70349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4216,"text":"cir231 - 1953 - Exploratory drilling program of the U.S. Geological Survey for evidences of zinc-lead mineralization in Iowa and Wisconsin, 1950-51","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12408,"text":"ofr521 - 1952 - Description of rock formations and minerals from holes drilled in Tete des Morts area, Iowa","indexId":"ofr521","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Description of rock formations and minerals from holes drilled in Tete des Morts area, Iowa"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4216,"text":"cir231 - 1953 - Exploratory drilling program of the U.S. Geological Survey for evidences of zinc-lead mineralization in Iowa and Wisconsin, 1950-51","indexId":"cir231","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Exploratory drilling program of the U.S. Geological Survey for evidences of zinc-lead mineralization in Iowa and Wisconsin, 1950-51"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T20:36:34.125772","indexId":"cir231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"231","title":"Exploratory drilling program of the U.S. Geological Survey for evidences of zinc-lead mineralization in Iowa and Wisconsin, 1950-51","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district covers 2, 500 square miles of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. It is one of the oldest mining districts in the United States, as lead mining by settlers began in 1788. Zinc has been mined since 1859, and the present production is more than ten times that of lead. \r\n\r\nRecks exposed in the district range from Early Ordovician to Middle Silurian in age, and, except for the St. Peter sandstone and the Maquoketa shale, consist mainly of dolomite. Structural compression has resulted in gentle folds and faults; principal trends are northwestward, northeastward, and eastward. \r\n\r\nGalena (lead sulfide) has been mined principally from vertical joints in the upper, noncherty part of the Galena dolomite. On the other hand, sphalerite (zinc sulfide) and a minor amount of smithsonite (zinc carbonate) are found as veins, breccia ore, and disseminations in the lower, cherty part of the Galena dolomite, in strata of the Decorah formation, and in the upper beds of the Platteville formation; these 'lower-run' ore bodies are in inclined reverse faults (pitches) and associated bedding-plane faults (flats) that are localized along synclinal trends. Lead and zinc minerals are found in beds of the Prairie du Chien group where they are exposed along the northern edge of the district. \r\n\r\nSince 1942 the U. S. Geological Survey has been studying the geology of the zinc-lead district and has been mapping the structure, stratigraphy, and the occurrences of ore bodies. The program here described was centered in two areas at the margin of the district. Twenty-five holes that totalled 7,466 feet were drilled in 1950-51. In the Tete des Morts area, Iowa, the drilling showed lithology, structure, and evidences of mineralization that are favorable indications of the possible existence of pitch-type lower-run ore bodies; it showed a lateral extension of the potentially productive part of the district. In the Highland area, Wisconsin, lithology and evidences of mineralization found in strata of the Prairie du Chien group indicate that this unit might warrant further investigation as a potential source of ore at a lower stratigraphic position than that now being prospected in the main part of the zinc-lead district, farther south. Drilling in beds of the Prairie du Chien showed a vertical extension of the potentially productive part of the district.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir231","usgsCitation":"Agnew, A.F., Flint, A., and Allingham, J.W., 1953, Exploratory drilling program of the U.S. Geological Survey for evidences of zinc-lead mineralization in Iowa and Wisconsin, 1950-51: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 231, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir231.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463625,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23567.htm","text":"Highland area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463626,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23855.htm","text":"Tetes Des Morts area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agnew, Allen Francis","contributorId":78727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Arthur E.","contributorId":45300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Arthur E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allingham, John W.","contributorId":91848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allingham","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1352,"text":"wsp1229 - 1953 - Ground-water conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha area, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T20:56:49.407766","indexId":"wsp1229","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1229","title":"Ground-water conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha area, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Three major aquifers underlie the Milwaukee-Waukesha area: sandstones of Cambrian and Ordovician age, Niagara dolomite of Silurian age, and sand and gravel deposits of Pleistocene age. The Maquoketa shale of Ordovician age acts as a more or less effective seal between the Pleistocene deposits and Niagara dolomite above and the sandstone aquifer below. Crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age form an impermeable basement complex below the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The Paleozoic strata dip east at 25 to 30 feet to the mile. There is no evidence that any of the faults and folds known or surmised to be present acts as a barrier to the movement of ground water.</p>\n<p>The bedrock surface underlying the Milwaukee-Waukesha area is formed by the Niagara dolomite except in northeastern Milwaukee County, where it is dolomite and shale of the Milwaukee formation of Devonian age, and in some of the preglacial valleys where the uppermost bedrock formation is the Maquoketa shale. Unconsolidated deposits of glacial drift cover the surface of the bedrock almost completely.</p>\n<p>Buried valleys in the bedrock surface contain as much as 150 feet of water-bearing sand and gravel deposits. These deposits, along with the Niagara dolomite, could be developed as sources of water supplemental to that of the sandstone aquifer. The Niagara dolomite is an important aquifer; it yields water from crevices and solution channels.</p>\n<p>The sandstone aquifer consists of the Galena dolomite, the Platteville limestone, and the St. Peter sandstone of Ordovician age, and the Eau Claire and Mount Simon sandstones of Cambrian age. The St. Peter and Mount Simon are the most productive formations but the others supply some water to wells.</p>\n<p>Static water levels in the shallow aquifers have not declined to any great extent except in downtown Milwaukee, where a 50-foot-deep cone of depression exists. Static water levels in the sandstone aquifer declined as much as 350 feet in the Milwaukee area from 1880 through 1950.</p>\n<p>Recharge to the two shallow aquifers occurs locally from precipitation within the area. The major recharge area of the sandstone aquifer lies about 25 miles west of Wauwatosa. Some ground water is recharged to the sandstone aquifer locally by leakage from the Niagara dolomite, mostly through deep uncased wells.</p>\n<p>Ground water is the source of six municipal supplies and many industrial and commercial supplies in the area. Pumpage from deep wells has increased from about 2.5 mgd in 1900 to about 25 mgd in 1949, of which 6.0 mgd was derived from the shallow aquifers. The total withdrawal from the shallow aquifers, including the 6.0 mgd from the deep wells, was about 19.5 mgd in 1949. Thus the total in 1949 was 38.5 mgd for the area as a whole.</p>\n<p>Coefficients of transmissibility and storage for the sandstone aquifer were obtained by means of controlled pumping tests at Wauwatosa, Waukesha, Greendale, Town of Lake, and Jefferson. The coefficients were used to calculate the amount of water recharged from the Niagara dolomite to the sandstone aquifer in the area. About 5.5 mgd of the 23 mgd pumped from deep wells in 1950 was supplied locally by leakage from the Niagara dolomite. The coefficients, with corrections for boundaries, were also applied to past records of pumpage to calculate the water-level decline in the sandstone aquifer at Wauwatosa from 1880 through 1950. The calculated decline was 317 feet, and the actual decline was 307 feet.</p>\n<p>The future water-level decline in the sandstone aquifer at Wauwatosa resulting from estimated future pumping conditions was computed. If the pumpage in the area as ?. whole increases from about 23 mgd in 1950 to about 28 mgd in 1960, the water levels at Wauwatosa will decline as much as 65 feet more by 1960.</p>\n<p>It is estimated that the available recharge to the sandstone aquifer underlying the Milwaukee-Waukesha area is approximately 60 mgd.</p>\n<p>It is recommended that new deep wells be located to the west toward the recharge area and that the shallow aquifers be used as auxiliary sources to void excessive lowering of water levels in the sandstone aquifers.</p>\n<p>Conservation should be practiced by all users of ground water to avoid waste resulting in lower water levels and higher pumping costs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Foley, F.C., Walton, W., and Drescher, W., 1953, Ground-water conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha area, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1229, Report: v, 96 p.; 7 Plates: 12.50 x 10.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1229.","productDescription":"Report: v, 96 p.; 7 Plates: 12.50 x 10.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429368,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24285.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26432,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26431,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26430,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26429,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26433,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1229/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County, Waukesha County","city":"Milwaukee, Waukesha","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.8949,43.1947],[-87.8937,43.1938],[-87.8906,43.1901],[-87.8869,43.1864],[-87.8852,43.1805],[-87.8834,43.1759],[-87.8816,43.1718],[-87.8823,43.1673],[-87.885,43.1605],[-87.8883,43.1551],[-87.8922,43.1483],[-87.8955,43.1438],[-87.8981,43.1402],[-87.9007,43.1348],[-87.9014,43.1302],[-87.9016,43.1243],[-87.8991,43.1202],[-87.8924,43.1142],[-87.8869,43.1077],[-87.8845,43.1041],[-87.8789,43.1004],[-87.874,43.0953],[-87.8716,43.0898],[-87.8688,43.0752],[-87.8639,43.0724],[-87.8652,43.0684],[-87.878,43.0585],[-87.8876,43.0495],[-87.896,43.0405],[-87.8992,43.0347],[-87.9012,43.0311],[-87.9045,43.0234],[-87.9065,43.0179],[-87.9059,43.0166],[-87.9035,43.0152],[-87.8973,43.0124],[-87.8924,43.0064],[-87.8906,43.0036],[-87.8862,43.0027],[-87.885,43.0017],[-87.8832,42.9963],[-87.866,42.9833],[-87.8598,42.9782],[-87.8537,42.9718],[-87.8513,42.969],[-87.8483,42.9654],[-87.8465,42.9612],[-87.8448,42.9535],[-87.8452,42.9376],[-87.8474,42.9244],[-87.8462,42.9189],[-87.842,42.9134],[-87.8414,42.9116],[-87.8415,42.908],[-87.8472,42.9039],[-87.8492,42.9008],[-87.8506,42.894],[-87.8483,42.8835],[-87.8466,42.8789],[-87.8454,42.8748],[-87.8436,42.8707],[-87.8388,42.8634],[-87.8376,42.8597],[-87.8347,42.8542],[-87.8298,42.8492],[-87.8268,42.8446],[-87.8355,42.8447],[-87.9524,42.8448],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-87.9873,43.1945],[-87.9433,43.1949],[-87.8949,43.1947]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Milwaukee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Frank Clingan","contributorId":74732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Clingan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton, W.C.","contributorId":105694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drescher, W.J.","contributorId":35713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drescher","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3541,"text":"cir274 - 1953 - Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T21:24:06.323848","indexId":"cir274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"274","title":"Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The water supply of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area is adequate to satisfy present requirements and requirements for many years to come if the area continues to develop at about the present rate.</p>\n<p>The flow of -the Mississippi River at the Twin Cities is more than sufficient to meet the demands of the water-supply systems of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lowest momentary flow during the period 1931-51 was more than twice the present combined maximum demand of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lake storage of the St. Paul system combined with possible regulations by the Mississippi River headwater reservoir system, in case of an emergency, provides a reserve supply ample to meet a greatly expanded demand. The lowest average daily flow of the Mississippi River at the intakes of the Minneapolis and St. Paul water supply was 389 mgd (602 cfs), The flow at the water supply intakes has been less than 452 mgd (700 cfs) for not more than 6 consecutive days.</p>\n<p>Except for the Mississippi River, the streams in the Twin Cities area have not been extensively developed for water supply. The only known use of them for water supply is for the steam-electric. generating plant on the Minnesota River at Savage. Thus, the St. Croix River, within 12 miles on the east, the Minnesota River entering the Twin Cities from the southwest, the Vermilion within 12 miles on the south, and the Crow River within 25 miles on the west offer untapped supplies for industrial and municipal uses.</p>\n<p>Many water-bearing formations occur in the area. A blanket of glacial deposits, as much as 400 feet thick, covers the area. Small domestic ground-water supplies can be developed practically everywhere in the glacial deposits, and larger industrial supplies can be obtained by exploring and testing. Below the glacial materials is a thick series of rock formations including several prolific sandstone aquifers. The formations dip toward the center of the area forming an artesian basin.</p>\n<p>The estimated average daily withdrawal of ground water from all aquifers in the area is about 90 mgd. Practically all the communities that are not supplied by the Minneapolis or St. Paul water-supply systems obtain their water from wells.</p>\n<p>Where many large-capacity wells have been concentrated in relatively small areas, there has been a great lowering of artesian pressures. However, there are large areas, distant from the centers of concentrated pumping, which are favorable for the development of additional ground water. With an adequate program of exploration and testing to determine precisely the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the waterbearing formations, it is likely that large additional supplies of ground water can be developed for municipal and industrial uses.</p>\n<p>Both Minneapolis and St. Paul obtain their municipal water supplies from the Mississippi River above the TwinCities and are thus assured of a large supply that is not subject to contamination by industrial wastes and sewage effluents, Treatment at municipal plants for both cities provides water for diversified industrial use and for domestic use that meets U. S. Public Health Service drinking water standards., The treated water is remarkably uniform in chemical composition throughout the year and is virtually free of all color, iron, manganese, and turbidity. Currently, (1952). the two supplies are softened to about 75 ppm (as CaC03), which is an average reduction of about 55 percent in hardness of river water. The dissolvedsolids content of the treated water for St. Paul currently (1952) averages about 100 ppm; the dissolved-solids content of the Minneapolis water is slightly higher. As a matter of further interest to industrial consumers, temperatures of the untreated river water, which is only slightly altered at the Minneapolis treatment plant, averages less than 60 F for about 8 months of the year and is less than 40 F for 4 winter months.</p>\n<p>The Mississippi River as it enters the Twin Cities is moderately mineralized, averaging 241 ppm dissolved solids and 179 ppm hardness during the period 1940-49, Average turbidity is very low and silica is moderately low, but the quantities of iron and color in solution are relatively high. Color increases markedly during the period March to July in response to an increase in streamflow. The average chemical composition of the water has remained virtually unchanged except for seasonal variations since 1907.</p>\n<p>Data collected by the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District have shown improved sanitary conditions of the river at the Twin Cities lock and dam since the sewage plant went into operation in 1939.</p>\n<p>The Minnesota River is more than twice as mineralized and hard as the Mississippi River, and it exerts a noticeable effect on the chemical and sanitary quality of the Mississippi River at St. Paul.</p>\n<p>Other principal tributary streams to the Mississippi River, including Crow River, Vermilion River, and Bassett Creek, were sampled during the 1952 flood season, at which time they were of the calcium-bicarbonate type, more dilute, and of lower hardness than the Minnesota River. Lake waters in the Twin Cities area generally are less mineralized than those of the streams.</p>\n<p>Waters from the drift deposits and bedrock formations overlying the Hinckley sandstone are hard and calcareous and generally contain troublesome quantities of iron. Regular treatment is required of some public-supply wells for removal of iron encrustations. Water fr.om these sources generally exceeds 300 ppm hardness, but in some places the St. Peter sandstone and St. Lawrence formation yield water of better quality. The Hinckley sandstone yields the best quality ground-water because of its comparatively lower hardness and uniform temperature (about 52 F). However, the average hardness of the treated municipal supplies of St. Paul and Minneapolis is considerably less than water from the Hinckley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir274","collaboration":"Based on data collected in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters and St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., Schneider, R., and Durum, W.H., 1953, Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 274, Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir274.","productDescription":"Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23664.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247311,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Minneapolis, St. Paul","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73971557617188,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73971557617188,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prior, Charles Henry","contributorId":6839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":16405,"text":"ofr53263 - 1953 - Geology and coal deposits of Jarvis Creek coalfield, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16405,"text":"ofr53263 - 1953 - Geology and coal deposits of Jarvis Creek coalfield, Alaska","indexId":"ofr53263","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and coal deposits of Jarvis Creek coalfield, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57006,"text":"b989G - 1955 - Geology and coal deposits, Jarvis Creek coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b989G","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Geology and coal deposits, Jarvis Creek coal field, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":57006,"text":"b989G - 1955 - Geology and coal deposits, Jarvis Creek coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b989G","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and coal deposits, Jarvis Creek coal field, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T20:56:59.88046","indexId":"ofr53263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-263","title":"Geology and coal deposits of Jarvis Creek coalfield, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Jarvis Creek coal field lies on the north side of the Alaska Range between latitudes 63<strong>°</strong>35' and 63<strong>°</strong>45 N., and longitudes 145<strong>°</strong>40' and 145<strong>°</strong>50 W. It is 2 to 6 miles east of the Richardson Highway. The coal field is about 16 square miles in area, the major part of which is a rolling plateau that slopes gently northward and is bounded on the east, south and west, by bluffs facing Jarvis Creek, Ruby Creek and Delta River.</p><p>The oldest rock is pre-Cambrian Birch Creek schist, which is largely quartz-sericite schist with many quartz veins, and is locally intruded by rhyolite dikes. it is overlain by the Tertiary coal-bearing formation. Quaternary deposits include gravel, till, solifluction debris, and wind-borne deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53263","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., and Hickcox, C., 1953, Geology and coal deposits of Jarvis Creek coalfield, Alaska (Superceded by: B-989-G): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-263, Report: 24 p.; 4 Plates: 24.01 x 40.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53263.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 4 Plates: 24.01 x 40.07 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425326,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425325,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425324,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Jarvis Creek coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.79612622919007,\n              63.6308018076293\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.79612622919007,\n              61.19030109946746\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.47643372712463,\n              61.19030109946746\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.47643372712463,\n              63.6308018076293\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.79612622919007,\n              63.6308018076293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Superceded by: B-989-G","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6863fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickcox, C.A.","contributorId":25581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickcox","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12561,"text":"ofr5310 - 1953 - Preliminary report on the Little Susitna district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T18:23:52.52312","indexId":"ofr5310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-10","title":"Preliminary report on the Little Susitna district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Little Susitna district, as defined in this report, occupies an area roughly 25 miles long and 3 miles wide on the north side of the lower (western) extremity of the Matanuska Valley in south-central Alaska (fig. 1). The district is bounded on the north by the Talkeetna Mountains, on the south and east by the Little Susitna River, and on the west by the broad lowland of the Susitna River. (See pl. 1.)</p><p>This report is based on field work done in the summer of 1952, in which the writer was assisted by Alfred Oestreich, Lewis Ladwig, and Richard Pack. Prior to the present investigation very little was known geologically of the district, except that it was largely covered with alluvial and glacial deposits and that coal-bearing rocks were exposed at three widely separated localities. The purpose of the investigation was to determine, if possible from scattered outcrops and shallow test pits, whether any parts of the district offered sufficient promise of containing minable coal deposits to warrant a more detailed investigation using sub-surface methods.</p><p>As a result of this preliminary investigation, plans are being made to explore more thoroughly, by trenching and drilling, some of the more promising parts of the district.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5310","usgsCitation":"Barnes, F.F., 1953, Preliminary report on the Little Susitna district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-10, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 55.28 x 30.23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5310.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 55.28 x 30.23 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0010/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0010/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Little Susitna district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.0228241956981,\n              61.68467749343503\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0228241956981,\n              61.59270879465117\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.44386110930495,\n              61.59270879465117\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.44386110930495,\n              61.68467749343503\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0228241956981,\n              61.68467749343503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Farrell F.","contributorId":58624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Farrell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12789,"text":"ofr5431 - 1953 - Measurement of earth pressures by means of the flat jack test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:55:05","indexId":"ofr5431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-31","title":"Measurement of earth pressures by means of the flat jack test","docAbstract":"<p>This study deals with the principle and application of a method of measuring the stresses around a rock gallery.</p>\n<p>The measuring principle consists of cutting a drain in a gallery wall, observing the corresponding stress lessening, then restoring the initial state of stress by means of a Freyssinet flat jack. The application of this method in the Eastern iron-ore mines have given interesting results. In particular, they confirm the validity of the elastic hypothesis in these mines and enable the measurement of the stresses within them ass to be made more accurately than by the usual methods. Finally, by means of improvements, which do not unduly complicate the test performance, complete information on the elastic characteristics of the mineral may be obtained. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5431","usgsCitation":"Habib, P., Marchand, R., and Britt, S., 1953, Measurement of earth pressures by means of the flat jack test: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-31, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5431.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5431.PNG"},{"id":310458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0031/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61106f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Habib, P.","contributorId":17240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habib","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marchand, R.","contributorId":16018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britt, Severine (translator)","contributorId":32175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"Severine","suffix":"(translator)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3494,"text":"cir201 - 1953 - Ground-water resources of the Rapid Valley unit, Cheyenne Division, South Dakota, with a section on the surface waters of Rapid Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T11:52:05","indexId":"cir201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"201","title":"Ground-water resources of the Rapid Valley unit, Cheyenne Division, South Dakota, with a section on the surface waters of Rapid Valley","docAbstract":"<p>The Rapid Valley unit is in Pennington County, S. Dak., and extends from the east city limits of Rapid City southeastward for 21 miles along Rapid Creek.</p>\n<p>The bedrock formations that underlie the region are chiefly marine in origin, and they generally dip eastward from the center of the Black Hills uplift. The exposed formations are of Cretaceous age and consist of the Greenhorn limestone, the Carlile shale, the Niobrara formation, and the Pierre shale. The Pierre shale, which underlies the unconsolidated flood plain and terrace deposits in much Of the region is exposed in the erosional slopes along the south side of the valley and in the deeper draws on the north side. The areas in which the other formations are exposed are relatively small and are restricted to the western part of-the region.</p>\n<p>Four terraces are present on the north side of Rapid Creek. The lowest terrace and the flood plain in the western half of the region are irrigated at the present time, and the two lower terraces and the flood plain in the eastern half have been proposed for irrigation.</p>\n<p>Abundant supplies of ground water occur in the flood plain and terrace deposits where they are now irrigated. Because the waterbearing materials consist of interfingering layers of differing permeability, the ground water is under water-table conditions in some places whereas it is confined in others.</p>\n<p>Locally, where there is a confining layer below other water-bearing materials or where a confined layer is itself saturated, the ground water may occur under both water-table and artesian conditions. Seepage from irrigation canals, which is the principal source of recharge, causes high ground-water levels from June to November; as a result, parts of the areas have become waterlogged. In the parts of the region that are not now affected by irrigation, the surface of the ground water is only a few feet above the bedrock surface and 6 ft to 42 ft below land surface; its position is relatively constant throughout the year.</p>\n<p>Harmful concentrations of salt in the soil are in part due to evaporation of ground water. These are found only locally in the Rapid Valley region and do not present a serious problem at this time. It is thought, however, that the fine-grained materials underlying the Rapid terrace may contain sufficient salt to cause detrimental salt accumulations in the soil if the proposed irrigation causes ground-water levels to rise close to the surface.</p>\n<p>Lining of the irrigation canals would reduce the amount of seepage and would effect a lowering of ground-water levels, if irrigation practices are extended to other areas, drainage facilities will be necessary both to avoid aggravating the existing conditions of waterlogging and to prevent the waterlogging of other low-lying lands.</p>\n<p>The flow of Rapid Creek is affected by a variety of conditions. A few miles west of Rapid City, where Rapid Creek flows over the Englewood and Pahasapa limestones and the Minnelusa sandstone, there is a loss of about 8 cfs of water in a distance of a few miles. In the 3-mile reach of Rapid Creek between the Canyon Lake stream-gaging station and the Rapid City stream-gaging station there is a gain of about 20 cfs; much of this gain in flow may be attributed to the inflow from Cleghorn and Jackson springs and to the addition of water from the State-owned cement plant. In the Rapid Valley unit, the flow of the creek during the irrigation season is affected largely by the amount of water diverted for irrigation. The irrigation canals act as bypass channels, much of the water being returned to Rapid Creek by way of spillage into normally dry tributary creek channels and by movement through ground-water bodies that discharge into Rapid Creek.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/cir201","usgsCitation":"Rosier, A.J., and Snell, L., 1953, Ground-water resources of the Rapid Valley unit, Cheyenne Division, South Dakota, with a section on the surface waters of Rapid Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 201, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir201.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0201/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.8922119140625,\n              43.361132106881726\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.073974609375,\n              43.361132106881726\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.073974609375,\n              44.55133484083592\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.8922119140625,\n              44.55133484083592\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.8922119140625,\n              43.361132106881726\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosier, Arthur J.","contributorId":69537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosier","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snell, L.J.","contributorId":25555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snell","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":35498,"text":"b1003A - 1953 - The \"Clinton\" sands in Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T11:15:19","indexId":"b1003A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1003","chapter":"A","title":"The \"Clinton\" sands in Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>The Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles cover about 880 square miles in eastern Ohio. Canton is the largest city in the mapped area. In these four quadrangles, the well drillers generally recognize three \"Clinton\" sands - in descending order, the \"stray Clinton\", the \"red Clinton\", and the \"white Clinton\". The Clinton sands of Ohio are of early Silurian age and probably correlate with the middle and upper part of the Albion sandstone in the Niagara gorge section in western New York.</p><p>The study of drillers' logs and examination of well samples show that of the three so-called Clinton sands, the red is most readily recognized. The \"Packer shell\", a probable equivalent of the Clinton formation of New York, and the Queenston shale - the drillers' \"red Medina\" - are also good units for short distance correlations.</p><p>Each of the Clinton sands consists of a thin layer that contains long narrow lenses of thicker sand. Although the pattern of the trend of the lenses varies for each of the Clinton sands, the trend generally is westward across the mapped area. It is thought that these lenses represent deposition in channels, probably offshore from a large delta.</p><p>Production of gas and oil from the so-called Clinton apparently is closely related to the sorting, porosity, and permeability of the sand. Stratigraphic traps contain the oil or gas, and structure appears to be relatively unimportant in localizing the accumulation of the petroleum.</p><p>East of the mapped area, the Clinton sands have not produced oil or gas in commercial quantities. Several parts of the mapped area may hold additional amounts of gas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1003A","usgsCitation":"Pepper, J.F., De Witt, W., and Everhart, G.M., 1953, The \"Clinton\" sands in Canton, Dover, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1003, Report: v, 15 p.; 7 Plates: 30.50 x 38.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1003A.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; 7 Plates: 30.50 x 38.50 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":63413,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63414,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63415,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63416,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63417,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109125,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20523.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20523"},{"id":165722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63411,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63412,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1003a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Canton quadrangle, Dover quadrangle, Massillon quadrangle, Navarre quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.75,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.75,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.75,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pepper, James Franklin","contributorId":77988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Witt, Wallace Jr.","contributorId":87521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Witt","given":"Wallace","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everhart, Gail M.","contributorId":42640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everhart","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3706,"text":"cir253 - 1953 - The industrial utility of public water supplies in the East North-Central States, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"253","title":"The industrial utility of public water supplies in the East North-Central States, 1952","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir253","usgsCitation":"Lohr, E.W., Brown, P., and Lamar, W., 1953, The industrial utility of public water supplies in the East North-Central States, 1952: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 253, iv, 125 p. :map, tables. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir253.","productDescription":"iv, 125 p. :map, tables. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0253/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d70a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, E. W.","contributorId":48155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, P.N.","contributorId":17211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamar, W.L.","contributorId":52549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2472,"text":"wsp1203 - 1953 - Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1203","title":"Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1203","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-A, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1203, viii, 266 p. :ill. ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1203.","productDescription":"viii, 266 p. :ill. ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6912f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3647,"text":"cir237 - 1953 - Monazite deposits of the southeastern Atlantic States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"237","title":"Monazite deposits of the southeastern Atlantic States","docAbstract":"Monazite, a phosphate of the rare earths, is the principal mineral from which the cerium earths and thorium are obtained. Fluviatile monazite placers were mined in the Piedmont province of North and South Carolina from 1887 to 1911, and again intermittently from 1915 to 1917; but the principal sources In recent years have been the beach placers of India and Brazil. In 1946, an embargo was placed on the exportation of Indian monazite, and the Brazilian production has not increased materially to replace this loss. Accordingly monazite in recent years has become a scarce commodity. \r\n\r\nThe principal domestic sources from which monazite may be recovered commercially are in Idaho and in the Piedmont province of the southeastern States. Some monazite is now being produced in Idaho, and a small output is being recovered as a byproduct of heavy mineral mining in Florida. The southeastern placers were not exhausted by the earlier mining and new deposits have been discovered; but production from this region awaits adequate exploration. \r\n\r\nThe country rock of the southeastern Piedmont province is a complex assemblage of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The monazite occurs in two belts. \r\n\r\nA western belt has been traced from east-central Virginia for 600 miles southwestward into Alabama; and an eastern belt has been traced from the vicinity of Fredericksburg, Va., south-southwestward for 200 miles into North Carolina. Monazite-bearing rocks near. Rion, S. C., appear to indicate a southwestward continuation of the eastern belt. \r\n\r\nThe western, or principal belt, includes the placers that were formerly mined in North and South Carolina. These placers were sampled, and the monazite was separated from the best of the samples, for mineralogical and chemical analysis. The tabulated results show a mean tenor, in the headwater placers of highest grade, of 8.4 pounds of monazite to the cubic yard. Farther downstream where mining must be done to obtain larger yardages, the tenor will be much lower. The mean contents of ThO2 and U3O8 in the placer monazite are shown to be respectively about 5. 7 and 0.4 percents. \r\n\r\nThe western monazite belt was explored northeastward and southwestward from the sites of earlier mining by sampling the weathered bedrock; and the eastern monazite belt was discovered and sampled by the same technique. The principal source-rocks are certain types of granitic intrusives, granitized and pegmatitized country rock, and certain granitic gneisses of the Carolina gneiss. Some of the associated pegmatites also contain high percentages of monazite. Most of the monazite-bearing granitic intrusives are quartz monzonite or closely related rocks. The mean tenor of monazite in bedrock is about 0.006 percent. No search has yet been made for workable placers in these belts beyond the original sites of mining. \r\n\r\nMonazite derived from bedrock sources in the piedmont has been found in small quantities in all of the Coastal Plain formations, but the tenor is too low to warrant mining for this mineral alone. At favored localities, however, commercial deposits of heavy minerals may be found, similar to those now being mined in Florida, that may yield monazite as a byproduct. Small fluviatile deposits of heavy minerals, including monazite, that were reconcentrated from detrital deposits of Cretaceous age, have recently been found in Georgia and South Carolina, along the inner margin of the Coastal Plain. \r\n\r\nThe monazite belts are conceived to be the sites of early pre-Cambrian valleys, wherein detrital monazite derived from an earlier pre-Cambrian granite, was distributed. These ancient fluviatile deposits were later reconstituted into gneisses of Carolina age, and parts of the latter were remelted to form monazite-bearing granitic intrusives. Some of the monazite-bearing granites may also have originated by the remelting of earlier pre-Cambrian intrusives. The distribution of iron ores in the monazite-bearing rocks appears to accord with","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir237","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J.B., 1953, Monazite deposits of the southeastern Atlantic States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 237, 31 p. :maps (1 fold.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir237.","productDescription":"31 p. :maps (1 fold.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69920b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mertie, John Beaver","contributorId":11591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Beaver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048097,"text":"tei315 - 1953 - Preliminary report on uranium deposits in the Miller Hill area, Carbon County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-04T11:00:13","indexId":"tei315","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-23T11:52:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Preliminary report on uranium deposits in the Miller Hill area, Carbon County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>A sequence of radioactive rocks of Miocene (?) age, the Browns Park formation, in the Miller Hill area of southern Wyoming is more than 1,000 feet thick. The formation crops out in an area of approximately 600 square miles, and consists of a basal conglomerate, tuffs, tuffaceous limy sandstones, and thin persistent radioactive algal limestones. Uranium is concentrated in both algal limestones and in tuffaceous limy sandstones. The uranium is believed to have been deposited. at least in part with the sediments, rather than to have come in at a later date. The highest uranium values were found in a widespread algal limestone bed, which contains as much as 0. 15 percent uranium. Values of 0.01 percent uranium or more were obtained from 8 samples taken from approximately 220 feet of stratigraphic section in the Browns Park formation. This is the first reported occurrence of limestone source rock from Wyoming that has been found to contain a commercial grade of uranium. The economic possibilities of the area have not been determined adequately and no estimates of tonnage are warranted at the present time. An airborne radiometric survey was made by the Geophysics Branch of the Geological Survey, of the west half of the area, recommended by the writer for investigation. Ground check of all anomalies reported at that time showed that they were in localities where the background radiation was much higher than average. Additional localities with high background radiation were found on the ground in the area east of that which was flown.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei315","usgsCitation":"Love, J.D., 1953, Preliminary report on uranium deposits in the Miller Hill area, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 315, Report: 46 p.; Plate: 26.39 inches x 30.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei315.","productDescription":"Report: 46 p.; Plate: 26.39 inches x 30.24 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/315/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279893,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/315/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":279892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/315/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Carbon County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.9326,41.0008 ], [ -107.9326,42.4349 ], [ -106.0708,42.4349 ], [ -106.0708,41.0008 ], [ -107.9326,41.0008 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303f66e4b04b8e63a20667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, J. D.","contributorId":64620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70114230,"text":"tei169 - 1953 - Radioactive deposits of Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:52:10","indexId":"tei169","displayToPublicDate":"1980-06-25T14:33:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"Radioactive deposits of Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Thirty-five occurrences of radioactive rocks had been reported from Nevada prior to 1952.  Twenty-five of these had been investigated by the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. Of those investigated, uranium minerals were identified in 13; two contained a thorium mineral (monazite); the source of radioactivity on 7 properties was not ascertained; and one showed no abnormal radioactivity. Of the other reported occurrences, one is said to contain uraniferous hydrocarbons and 9 are placers containing thorian monazite.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Pitchblende occurs at two localities; the East Walker River area, and the Stalin's Present prospect, where it is sparsely disseminated in tabular bodies cutting granitic rocks. Other uranium minerals found in the state include: carnotite, tyuyamunite, autunite, torbernite, gummite, uranophane, kasolite, and an unidentified mineral which may be dumontit. Monazite is the only thorium mineral of possible economic importance that has been reported.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>From an economic standpoint 9 only 4 of the properties examined showed reserves of uranium ore in 1952; these are: the Green Monster mine, which shipped 5 tons of ore to Marysvale, Utah, during 1951, the Majuba Hill mine, the Stalin's Present prospect, and the West Willys claim in the Washington district. Reserves of ore grade are small on all of these properties and probably cannot be developed commercially unless an ore-buying station is set up nearby. No estimate has been made of thorium reserves and no commercial deposits of thorium are known.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei169","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T., 1953, Radioactive deposits of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 169, Report: 60 p.; Figures 1, 3-7: 15.40 x 17.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei169.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; Figures 1, 3-7: 15.40 x 17.35 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289944,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-3.pdf"},{"id":289947,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-5.pdf"},{"id":289946,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-4.pdf"},{"id":289948,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-6.pdf"},{"id":289943,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-1.pdf"},{"id":289949,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/figure-7.pdf"},{"id":289950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0169/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.01,35.0 ], [ -120.01,42.0 ], [ -114.04,42.0 ], [ -114.04,35.0 ], [ -120.01,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa9dfbe4b065055fab1677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206754,"text":"70206754 - 1953 -  Beaverhead formation, a Laramide deposit in Beaverhead County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T08:30:28","indexId":"70206754","displayToPublicDate":"1953-12-31T08:18:51","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Beaverhead formation, a Laramide deposit in Beaverhead County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The name Beaverhead formation is proposed for a thick sequence of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and limestone that crops out over an area of at least 400 square miles in Beaverhead County, Montana, extends southward across the Montana-Idaho boundary, and may extend eastward into Madison County. These rocks are clearly sedimentary by-products of the Laramide orogeny and probably range from late Cretaceous to early Eocene. The Beaverhead formations consists predominantly of conglomerate. In part of the area, an upper and a lower conglomerate member are separated by a middle member of limestone. Where the limestone member is inconspicuous or absent, the upper and lower conglomerate members cannot be differentiated. The most nearly complete and best-exposed known section of the Beaverhead formation, designated the type section, is near the mouth of McKnight Canyon, 6 miles west of Dell, Montana. Here the formation can be divided into four mappable units; elsewhere no more than three units can be recognized. In the McKnight Canyon section, the top and bottom members are dominantly conglomerate, composed of pebbles, cobbles, and subordinate boulders set in a sandy matrix cemented by calcite; breccia beds occur locally. This coarse debris was derived from rocks of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic age and consists largely of limestone and quartzite. The intermediate member consists of two mappable units: a lower thick, massive limestone, locally concretionary, and an upper sequence of interbedded siltstone, sandstone, arkose, limestone, and subordinate conglomerate. At McKnight Canyon, where the base and the top of the formation have been faulted and eroded, the exposed thickness of the section is approximately 9700 feet. The Beaverhead formation rests unconformably on rocks as young as the Colorado group and as old as early Paleozoic, and it probably rests unconformably upon rocks as young as the Montana group and as old as Precambrian. It is unconformably overlain by vertebrate-bearing fluviatile or lacustrine tuffaceous beds of Eocene and Oligocene age. The coarse debris that composes the formation was eroded from nearby mountains that were uplifted in Late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early Eocene time, and was deposited in basins adjacent to these mountains. The resulting rocks, a product of Laramide orogeny, were later folded and displaced by overthrusting and block faulting. In places, these rocks are overlain by thrust sheets of Paleozoic rocks. © 1953, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[235:BFALDI]2.0.CO;2","issn":" 00167606","usgsCitation":"Lowell, W., and Klepper, M.R., 1953,  Beaverhead formation, a Laramide deposit in Beaverhead County, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 64, no. 2, p. 235-244, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[235:BFALDI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p. 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R.","contributorId":64278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klepper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221525,"text":"70221525 - 1953 - Geology of the west-central part of the Gunnison Plateau, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T18:06:47.064915","indexId":"70221525","displayToPublicDate":"1953-12-01T12:59:32","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the west-central part of the Gunnison Plateau, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>A detailed study of the west-central part of the Gunnison Plateau, Utah, has disclosed stratigraphic and structural relations important in the geological history of central Utah. The area mapped includes the eastern half of the Axtell No. 2 quadrangle, Manti area (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service).</p><p>The bedrock ranges in age from the Arapien shale (Upper Jurassic) to the Green River formation (Eocene). The North Horn formation (Cretaceous-Tertiary), the Flagstaff limestone (Paleocene-Eocene), and the Green River formation (Eocene) successively overlap the Arapien shale and the Indianola group in the northern part of the area. In the southern part of the area, the North Horn formation and the Flagstaff limestone successively overlap the Price River conglomerate with angular discordance. The latter relation establishes a post-Price River and pre-North Horn orogenic movement in central Utah.</p><p>A conspicuous west-dipping monocline, broken by many high-angle faults and a graben, extends along most of the western margin of the area. This structure is similar to the monocline and graben in the Wasatch Plateau to the east. At one point in the northern part of the area, the North Horn and the overlying Flagstaff oppose the Arapien shale across a high-angle fault. The Green River formation extends across the fault and overlaps the Arapien. This relation suggests faulting between Flagstaff and Green River time because the Colton formation, which normally occurs between the Flagstaff and Green River, cannot be differentiated in this immediate area.</p><p>Numerous small intrusive masses of monzonite porphyry of post-Upper Jurassic age occur in the Arapien shale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[1261:GOTWPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hardy, C.T., and Zeller, H., 1953, Geology of the west-central part of the Gunnison Plateau, Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 64, no. 11, p. 1261-1278, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[1261:GOTWPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1261","endPage":"1278","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.02484130859375,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62384033203124,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62384033203124,\n              39.544293973019904\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02484130859375,\n              39.544293973019904\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02484130859375,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Clyde T.","contributorId":260420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeller, Howard D.","contributorId":65526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeller","given":"Howard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221520,"text":"70221520 - 1953 - The influence of ground‐water storage on the runoff in the San Bernardino and eastern San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T17:20:02.129427","indexId":"70221520","displayToPublicDate":"1953-08-01T12:14:16","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of ground‐water storage on the runoff in the San Bernardino and eastern San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The steep and rugged&nbsp;</span>mountains<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>Southern<span>&nbsp;</span>California<span>&nbsp;contain considerable&nbsp;</span>ground<span>‐</span>water<span>&nbsp;</span>storage<span>. A large portion of the&nbsp;</span>runoff<span>&nbsp;is seepage from this&nbsp;</span>storage<span>&nbsp;The variations&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>runoff<span>&nbsp;distribution depend on the geology, physiography, and soil cover of these&nbsp;</span>mountain<span>&nbsp;areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR034i004p00552","usgsCitation":"Troxell, H., 1953, The influence of ground‐water storage on the runoff in the San Bernardino and eastern San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 34, no. 4, p. 552-562, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR034i004p00552.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"562","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.48828124999999,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.48828124999999,\n              33.87953701355924\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6748046875,\n              34.15272698011818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              33.87953701355924\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxell, Harold C.","contributorId":243566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxell","given":"Harold C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71438,"text":"tei404 - 1953 - Radioactivity of some coal and shale of Pennsylvanian age in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:54:59","indexId":"tei404","displayToPublicDate":"1953-03-06T10:31:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"404","title":"Radioactivity of some coal and shale of Pennsylvanian age in Ohio","docAbstract":"Channel samples of the commercially important coal beds and associated rocks in the Pottsville, Allegheny, and Monogahela series of the Pennsylvanian system were collected in eastern Ohio. Equivalent uranium content of 0.001 percent or more was determined in the laboratory for five samples. The uranium content of the coal is less than the equivalent uranium content indicated by radioactivity measurements. None of the samples collected contain recoverable quantities of uranium in the ash.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei404","collaboration":"Prepared by the Geological Survey for the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Snider, J.L., 1953, Radioactivity of some coal and shale of Pennsylvanian age in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 404, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei404.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei404.png"},{"id":284567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0404/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,39.0 ], [ -83.0,41.0 ], [ -79.0,41.0 ], [ -79.0,39.0 ], [ -83.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6f04e4b0b29085106267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snider, John L.","contributorId":23236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snider","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210474,"text":"70210474 - 1953 - Regional interpretation of the geology of the Kongakut - Firth Rivers area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T14:49:11.008506","indexId":"70210474","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T17:01:50","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"43","subseriesTitle":"Special Report","title":"Regional interpretation of the geology of the Kongakut - Firth Rivers area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>In 1952 the National Park Service became interested in setting aside a large wilderness area in northeastern Alaska. The area is approximately 7,000 square miles in size, with boundaries as follows: beginning at Camden Bay south along the Katakturuk River to lat. 68° N.; then east to long. 144° 33' W.; south to lat. 68° N.; then east to the Canadian Boundary. The two river areas which the Park Service is most interested in examining for ecology, botany, archaeology, and geology are the upper Firth and Kongakut Rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210474","usgsCitation":"Mangus, M.D., 1953, Regional interpretation of the geology of the Kongakut - Firth Rivers area, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 43, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 35.93 x 27.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210474.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 35.93 x 27.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210474/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210474/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466294,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210474/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Firth Rivers, Kongakut","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              70.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -139,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -139,\n              70.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              70.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangus, Marvin D.","contributorId":81556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048289,"text":"tem342 - 1953 - Results of core drilling for uranium-bearing lignites in the Bar H area, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T14:34:40","indexId":"tem342","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T13:47:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"342","title":"Results of core drilling for uranium-bearing lignites in the Bar H area, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Core drilling in the Car H area, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota, under a contract with the B. H. Mott Drilling Co., Huntington, West Virginia, was resumed June 12, 1952 after a 6-month recess during the winter and was completed July 18, 1952.  The drilling was undertaken to obtain information on the distribution and extent of the uranium-bearing lignite beds along the southeast edge of the Bar H area.  Eight holes totalling 885 feet were drilled and 52 feet of lignite core submitted for study and analysis. The report includes detailed lithographic descriptions of the lignite cores, Bureau of Mines coal analyses, and the results of 100 chemical analyses for uranium. The drilling showed that the thicker, more persistent lignite beds exposed in the northern part of the Bar H area were removed by erosion prior to the deposition of the overlaying White River formation in the south-eastern part of the area.  The beds penetrated by drilling were not of sufficient thickness or uranium content to add to the previously known reserves.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem342","collaboration":"The report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Zeller, H., 1953, Results of core drilling for uranium-bearing lignites in the Bar H area, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 342, Report: 46 p.; 2 Plates: 19.47 x 21.46 inches and 39.77 x 24.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem342.","productDescription":"Report: 46 p.; 2 Plates: 19.47 x 21.46 inches and 39.77 x 24.14 inches","numberOfPages":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283089,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0342/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":283087,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0342/report.pdf"},{"id":283088,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0342/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Harding County","otherGeospatial":"Slim Buttes;Bar H","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0454,45.2124 ], [ -104.0454,45.9453 ], [ -102.9425,45.9453 ], [ -102.9425,45.2124 ], [ -104.0454,45.2124 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c1cf9e4b024b60d40738f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeller, Howard D.","contributorId":65526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeller","given":"Howard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}