The decline of North American waterfowl resources since the 1960s is well-known to this audience and need not be detailed to establish that population numbers for several key waterfowl species are at or near their lowest levels since records have been kept. Loss of habitat is an accepted major cause for the decline of waterfowl numbers and the wildlife conservation community is responding with initiatives to prevent further loss of existing wetland acreage, restoration for degraded wetlands and creation of new wetlands. Numerous joint ventures focusing on key waterfowl habitat requirements are being developed under the North American Waterfowl Plan. The importance of habitat loss also is reflected in many of the presentations at this conference on wetland conservation, including one special session devoted solely to that topic. A basic premise of the focus on wetlands is that restoration of waterfowl populations is habitat dependent. This is a tenable thesis if other factors suppressing waterfowl numbers are dealt with and the habitat base being enhanced sustains waterfowl rather than contributes to their death. My presentation addresses disease as a factor suppressing waterfowl numbers and the relation of habitat quantity and quality with waterfowl disease.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 57th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"57th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 27-April 1, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Charlotte, North Carolina, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1992, Environmental influences on major waterfowl diseases, in Transactions of the 57th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 57, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, March 27-April 1, 1992, p. 517-525.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlifemanagement.institute/store/product/46"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North America\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.9393,46.41587],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-62.29318,49.08717],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-126.695,50.4009],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.95865,48.15716],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-53.52146,46.61829],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-57.32523,47.57281],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-132.18043,52.63971],[-132.54999,53.10001],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-83.88263,65.10962],[-82.78758,64.76669],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-84.10042,63.56971],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-86.22489,64.82292],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.9174,69.71003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-86.0676,66.05625],[-87.03143,65.21297],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.76462,57.84571],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-88.03978,56.47162],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-86.07121,55.72383],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-83.36055,55.24489],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-75.69621,62.2784],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-72.90853,62.10507],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-63.80475,59.4426],[-62.50236,58.16708],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-60.46853,55.77548],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-65.36331,50.2982],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-69.95362,47.74488],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.79854,46.99297],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-63.25471,44.67014],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-66.02605,45.25931],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14001,25.87],[-97.52807,24.99214],[-97.70295,24.27234],[-97.77604,22.93258],[-97.87237,22.44421],[-97.69904,21.89869],[-97.38896,21.41102],[-97.18933,20.63543],[-96.52558,19.89093],[-96.29213,19.32037],[-95.90088,18.82802],[-94.83906,18.56272],[-94.42573,18.14437],[-93.54865,18.42384],[-92.78611,18.52484],[-91.4079,18.87608],[-90.77187,19.28412],[-90.53359,19.86742],[-90.45148,20.70752],[-90.27862,20.99986],[-89.60132,21.26173],[-88.54387,21.49368],[-87.65842,21.45885],[-87.05189,21.54354],[-86.81198,21.33151],[-86.84591,20.84986],[-87.38329,20.2554],[-87.62105,19.64655],[-87.43675,19.4724],[-87.83719,18.25982],[-88.10681,18.34867],[-88.12348,18.07667],[-88.28535,17.64414],[-88.19787,17.48948],[-88.30264,17.13169],[-88.23952,17.03607],[-88.35543,16.53077],[-88.55182,16.26547],[-88.73243,16.23363],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-88.60459,15.70638],[-88.51836,15.85539],[-88.12115,15.68866],[-87.90181,15.86446],[-87.36776,15.84694],[-86.90319,15.75671],[-86.44095,15.78284],[-86.00195,16.00541],[-85.444,15.88575],[-84.98372,15.99592],[-84.36826,15.83516],[-83.77398,15.42407],[-83.41038,15.2709],[-83.14722,14.99583],[-83.28416,14.67662],[-83.18213,14.3107],[-83.4125,13.97008],[-83.51983,13.5677],[-83.55221,13.12705],[-83.47332,12.41909],[-83.6261,12.32085],[-83.71961,11.89312],[-83.65086,11.62903],[-83.85547,11.37331],[-83.80894,11.10304],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.18712,9.20745],[-82.20759,8.99558],[-81.80857,8.95062],[-81.71415,9.03196],[-81.43929,8.78623],[-80.9473,8.8585],[-80.5219,9.11107],[-79.9146,9.31277],[-79.5733,9.61161],[-79.02119,9.55293],[-78.50089,9.42046],[-78.05593,9.24773],[-77.35336,8.6705],[-77.47472,8.52429],[-77.24257,7.93528],[-77.43111,7.63806],[-77.75341,7.70984],[-77.88157,7.22377],[-78.21494,7.51225],[-78.42916,8.05204],[-78.1821,8.31918],[-78.43547,8.38771],[-78.62212,8.71812],[-79.12031,8.99609],[-79.55788,8.93237],[-79.76058,8.58452],[-80.16448,8.33332],[-80.38266,8.29841],[-80.48069,8.09031],[-80.00369,7.54752],[-80.42116,7.27157],[-80.8864,7.22054],[-81.05954,7.81792],[-81.18972,7.64791],[-81.51951,7.70661],[-81.72131,8.10896],[-82.13144,8.17539],[-82.39093,8.29236],[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-86.52585,11.80688],[-86.74599,12.14396],[-87.16752,12.45826],[-87.66849,12.90991],[-87.48941,13.29753],[-87.79311,13.38448],[-87.90411,13.14902],[-88.4833,13.16395],[-88.84323,13.25973],[-89.25674,13.45853],[-89.81239,13.52062],[-90.09555,13.73534],[-90.60862,13.90977],[-91.23241,13.92783],[-91.68975,14.12622],[-92.22775,14.53883],[-93.35946,15.61543],[-93.87517,15.94016],[-94.69166,16.20098],[-95.25023,16.12832],[-96.05338,15.75209],[-96.55743,15.65352],[-97.26359,15.91706],[-98.01303,16.10731],[-98.94768,16.56604],[-99.6974,16.70616],[-100.8295,17.17107],[-101.66609,17.64903],[-101.91853,17.91609],[-102.47813,17.97575],[-103.50099,18.29229],[-103.91753,18.74857],[-104.99201,19.31613],[-105.49304,19.94677],[-105.7314,20.4341],[-105.39777,20.53172],[-105.50066,20.8169],[-105.27075,21.07628],[-105.26582,21.4221],[-105.60316,21.87115],[-105.69341,22.26908],[-106.02872,22.77375],[-106.90998,23.76777],[-107.91545,24.54892],[-108.4019,25.17231],[-109.2602,25.58061],[-109.44409,25.82488],[-109.29164,26.44293],[-109.80146,26.67618],[-110.39173,27.16211],[-110.64102,27.85988],[-111.17892,27.94124],[-111.75961,28.46795],[-112.22823,28.95441],[-112.27182,29.26684],[-112.80959,30.02111],[-113.16381,30.78688],[-113.14867,31.17097],[-113.87188,31.56761],[-114.20574,31.52405],[-114.77645,31.79953],[-114.9367,31.39348],[-114.77123,30.91362],[-114.6739,30.16268],[-114.33097,29.75043],[-113.27197,28.75478],[-113.14004,28.41129],[-112.9623,28.42519],[-112.76159,27.78022],[-112.45791,27.52581],[-112.24495,27.17173],[-111.61649,26.66282],[-111.28467,25.73259],[-110.71001,24.826],[-110.65505,24.29859],[-110.17286,24.26555],[-109.4091,23.36467],[-109.43339,23.18559],[-109.85422,22.81827],[-110.03139,22.82308],[-110.29507,23.43097],[-110.9495,24.00096],[-111.67057,24.48442],[-112.18204,24.73841],[-112.14899,25.47013],[-112.30071,26.012],[-113.46467,26.76819],[-113.59673,26.63946],[-113.84894,26.90006],[-114.46575,27.14209],[-115.05514,27.72273],[-114.57037,27.74149],[-114.19933,28.115],[-114.16202,28.56611],[-114.93184,29.27948],[-115.51865,29.55636],[-115.88737,30.18079],[-116.72153,31.63574],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-122.97421,49.00254],[-124.91024,49.98456],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-139.12052,69.47102],[-137.54636,68.99002],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-135.62576,69.31512],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-110.798,67.80612],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.95,68.7],[-106.15,68.8],[-105.34282,68.56122],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-99.90195,67.80566],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.77484,71.6984],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-102.78537,70.49776],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-104.24,68.91],[-105.96,69.18],[-107.12254,69.11922],[-109,68.78],[-111.53415,68.63006],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-115.13112,70.2373],[-113.72141,70.19237],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-116.48684,70.52045],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-118.56267,72.30785],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-106.6,73.6],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-78.39167,72.87666],[-79.77583,72.8029],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-75.60584,72.24368],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-67.08965,65.10846],[-65.73208,64.64841],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-66.27504,62.9451],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-67.36968,62.88397],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-76.01827,65.32697],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-87.06,70.26],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-124.80729,73.02256],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-116.76794,73.22292],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.97775,75.29649],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.82224,75.84777],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-82.75344,75.78432],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-86.09745,74.41003],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.76829,75.38682],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-118.04041,76.48117],[-119.89932,76.05321],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85493,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-117.57013,77.49832],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-101.30394,78.01898],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-103.52928,79.16535],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-64.334,81.92775],[-66.75342,81.72527],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-67.84,80.9],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-76.34354,78.18296],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-87.6,76.42],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-84.19844,80.20836],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-84.1,80.58],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-90.1,82.085],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-76.25,83.17206],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.5873,19.88491],[-70.80671,19.88029],[-70.21436,19.62289],[-69.95082,19.648],[-69.76925,19.29327],[-69.22213,19.31321],[-69.25435,19.0152],[-68.80941,18.97907],[-68.31794,18.6122],[-68.68932,18.20514],[-69.16495,18.42265],[-69.62399,18.38071],[-69.95293,18.42831],[-70.13323,18.24592],[-70.51714,18.18429],[-70.6693,18.42689],[-70.99995,18.28333],[-71.40021,17.59856],[-71.65766,17.75757],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446]]],[[[-77.5696,18.49053],[-76.89662,18.40087],[-76.36536,18.1607],[-76.19966,17.88687],[-76.90256,17.86824],[-77.20634,17.70112],[-77.76602,17.8616],[-78.33772,18.22597],[-78.21773,18.45453],[-77.79736,18.52422],[-77.5696,18.49053]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-82.26815,23.18861],[-81.40446,23.11727],[-80.61877,23.10598],[-79.67952,22.7653],[-79.28149,22.3992],[-78.34743,22.51217],[-77.9933,22.27719],[-76.52382,21.20682],[-76.19462,21.22057],[-75.59822,21.01662],[-75.67106,20.73509],[-74.9339,20.69391],[-74.17802,20.28463],[-74.29665,20.05038],[-74.96159,19.92344],[-75.63468,19.87377],[-76.32366,19.95289],[-77.75548,19.85548],[-77.08511,20.41335],[-77.49265,20.67311],[-78.13729,20.73995],[-78.48283,21.02861],[-78.71987,21.59811],[-79.285,21.55918],[-80.21748,21.82732],[-80.51753,22.03708],[-81.82094,22.19206],[-82.16999,22.38711],[-81.795,22.63696],[-82.7759,22.68815],[-83.49446,22.16852],[-83.9088,22.15457],[-84.05215,21.91058],[-84.54703,21.80123],[-84.97491,21.89603],[-84.44706,22.20495],[-84.23036,22.56575],[-83.26755,22.98304],[-82.51044,23.07875],[-82.26815,23.18861]]],[[[-77.53466,23.75975],[-77.78,23.71],[-78.03405,24.28615],[-78.40848,24.57564],[-78.19087,25.2103],[-77.89,25.17],[-77.54,24.34],[-77.53466,23.75975]]],[[[-77.82,26.58],[-78.91,26.42],[-78.98,26.79],[-78.51,26.87],[-77.85,26.84],[-77.82,26.58]]],[[[-77,26.59],[-77.17255,25.87918],[-77.35641,26.00735],[-77.34,26.53],[-77.78802,26.92516],[-77.79,27.04],[-77,26.59]]],[[[-61.68,10.76],[-61.105,10.89],[-60.895,10.855],[-60.935,10.11],[-61.77,10],[-61.95,10.09],[-61.66,10.365],[-61.68,10.76]]],[[[-46.76379,82.62796],[-43.40644,83.22516],[-39.89753,83.18018],[-38.62214,83.54905],[-35.08787,83.64513],[-27.10046,83.51966],[-20.84539,82.72669],[-22.69182,82.34165],[-31.9,82.2],[-31.39646,82.02154],[-27.85666,82.13178],[-24.84448,81.78697],[-22.90328,82.09317],[-22.07175,81.73449],[-23.16961,81.15271],[-20.62363,81.52462],[-15.76818,81.91245],[-12.77018,81.71885],[-12.20855,81.29154],[-16.28533,80.58004],[-17.73035,80.12912],[-19.70499,78.75128],[-19.67353,77.63859],[-18.47285,76.98565],[-20.03503,76.94434],[-21.67944,76.62795],[-19.83407,76.09808],[-19.59896,75.24838],[-20.66818,75.15585],[-19.37281,74.29561],[-21.59422,74.22382],[-20.43454,73.81713],[-20.76234,73.46436],[-22.17221,73.30955],[-23.56593,73.30663],[-22.31311,72.62928],[-22.29954,72.18409],[-24.27834,72.59788],[-24.79296,72.3302],[-23.44296,72.08016],[-22.13281,71.46898],[-21.75356,70.66369],[-23.53603,70.471],[-25.54341,71.43094],[-25.20135,70.75226],[-26.36276,70.22646],[-22.34902,70.12946],[-25.02927,69.2588],[-27.74737,68.47046],[-30.67371,68.12503],[-31.77665,68.12078],[-32.81105,67.73547],[-34.20196,66.67974],[-36.35284,65.9789],[-37.04378,65.93768],[-38.37505,65.69213],[-39.81222,65.45848],[-40.66899,64.83997],[-40.68281,64.13902],[-41.1887,63.48246],[-42.81938,62.68233],[-42.41666,61.90093],[-43.3784,60.09772],[-44.7875,60.03676],[-46.26364,60.85328],[-48.26294,60.85843],[-49.23308,61.40681],[-49.90039,62.38336],[-51.63325,63.62691],[-52.14014,64.27842],[-52.27659,65.1767],[-53.66166,66.09957],[-53.30161,66.8365],[-53.96911,67.18899],[-52.9804,68.35759],[-51.47536,68.72958],[-51.08041,69.14781],[-50.87122,69.9291],[-52.55792,69.42616],[-53.45629,69.28363],[-54.68336,69.61003],[-54.75001,70.28932],[-54.35884,70.82131],[-53.43131,70.83576],[-51.39014,70.56978],[-54.00422,71.54719],[-55,71.40654],[-55.83468,71.65444],[-54.71819,72.58625],[-55.32634,72.95861],[-56.12003,73.64977],[-57.32363,74.71026],[-58.59679,75.09861],[-58.58516,75.51727],[-61.26861,76.10238],[-63.39165,76.1752],[-68.50438,76.06141],[-69.66485,76.37975],[-71.40257,77.00857],[-68.77671,77.32312],[-66.76397,77.37595],[-71.04293,77.63595],[-73.297,78.04419],[-73.15938,78.43271],[-69.37345,78.91388],[-65.7107,79.39436],[-65.3239,79.75814],[-68.02298,80.11721],[-67.15129,80.51582],[-63.68925,81.21396],[-62.23444,81.3211],[-62.65116,81.77042],[-60.28249,82.03363],[-57.20744,82.19074],[-54.13442,82.19962],[-53.04328,81.88833],[-50.39061,82.43883],[-48.00386,82.06481],[-46.9007,82.19979],[-46.76379,82.62796]]]]}}]}","volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016634,"text":"70016634 - 1992 - Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:12:41","indexId":"70016634","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The flushing of Boston Harbor, a shallow, tidally dominated embayment with little fresh water input, is investigated using a depth-averaged model. The modeled tidal currents exhibit strong spatial variability and ebb/flood asymmetry due to complex topography and coastline geometry and were verified by shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements. At the inlets to the harbor, the asymmetry between flood and ebb gives rise to a net exchange of water, which acts over successive tidal cycles to flush the harbor. The flushing is examined by tracking water that starts out in Boston Harbor for 40 M2 tidal cycles. The tidal flushing is very efficient at mixing water in the vicinity of the inlets over several tidal cycles, but efficiency decreases with time as ``tidal mixing regions'' form on either side of the harbor inlets. When wind forcing is included, the wind-driven currents act to flush the tidal mixing regions, giving rise to more efficient flushing. The exception is when the wind is from the southwest, which confines the jet-like ebb flow from the harbor and therefore reduces the flushing efficiency. In general, flushing is shown to be a two-step process: (1) rapid exchange due to tides over a large region in the vicinity of the harbor inlets and (2) flushing of this region by wind-driven flow. The model also demonstrates that flushing is not uniform over the entire harbor but occurs rapidly in the deep tidal channels and slowly in the regions of weak tidal currents around the harbor periphery. Although the depth-averaged approach to flushing is appropriate over most of the harbor due to the harbor's shallow depth and broad depth distribution, the lack of bathymetric variability and the presence of locally important density driven currents in the Boston Inner Harbor indicates that flushing of this localized area must be approached with a three-dimensional model.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628612","usgsCitation":"Signell, R., 1992, Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Tampa, FL, USA, 13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992, p. 594-606.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.158447265625,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 42.78733853171998\n ],\n [\n -71.158447265625,\n 42.78733853171998\n ],\n [\n -71.158447265625,\n 42.17968819665961\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb383e4b08c986b325e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard","contributorId":73623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016595,"text":"70016595 - 1992 - Inhibition of existing denitrification enzyme activity by chloramphenicol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:59:37.891113","indexId":"70016595","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of existing denitrification enzyme activity by chloramphenicol","docAbstract":"Chloramphenicol completely inhibited the activity of existing denitrification enzymes in acetylene-block incubations with (i) sediments from a nitrate-contaminated aquifer and (ii) a continuous culture of denitrifying groundwater bacteria. Control flasks with no antibiotic produced significant amounts of nitrous oxide in the same time period. Amendment with chloramphenicol after nitrous oxide production had begun resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of nitrous oxide production. Chloramphenicol also decreased (>50%) the activity of existing denitrification enzymes in pure cultures of Pseudomonas denitrificans that were harvested during log- phase growth and maintained for 2 weeks in a starvation medium lacking electron donor. Short-term time courses of nitrate consumption and nitrous oxide production in the presence of acetylene with P. denitrificans undergoing carbon starvation were performed under optimal conditions designed to mimic denitrification enzyme activity assays used with soils. Time courses were linear for both chloramphenicol and control flasks, and rate estimates for the two treatments were significantly different at the 95% confidence level. Complete or partial inhibition of existing enzyme activity is not consistent with the current understanding of the mode of action of chloramphenicol or current practice, in which the compound is frequently employed to inhibit de novo protein synthesis during the course of microbial activity assays. The results of this study demonstrate that chloramphenicol amendment can inhibit the activity of existing denitrification enzymes and suggest that caution is needed in the design and interpretation of denitrification activity assays in which chloramphenicol is used to prevent new protein synthesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.5.1746-1753.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Smith, R.L., and Macalady, D., 1992, Inhibition of existing denitrification enzyme activity by chloramphenicol: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 1746-1753, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.5.1746-1753.1992.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1753","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.5.1746-1753.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bd8e4b0c8380cd62887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macalady, D.L.","contributorId":76468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016594,"text":"70016594 - 1992 - Geology of the Eel River basin and adjacent region: Implications for late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and Mendocino triple junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T15:47:31.384563","indexId":"70016594","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Eel River basin and adjacent region: Implications for late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and Mendocino triple junction","docAbstract":"Two upper Cenozoic depositional sequences of principally marine strata about 4000m thick overlie accreted basement terranes of the Central and Coastal belts of the Franciscan Complex in the onshore-offshore Eel River basin of northwestern California. The older depositional sequence is early to middle Miocene in age and represents slope basin and slope-blanket deposition, whereas the younger sequence, late Miocene to middle Pleistocene in age, consists largely of forearc basin deposits. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF87AE-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Clarke, S.H., 1992, Geology of the Eel River basin and adjacent region: Implications for late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Cascadia subduction zone and Mendocino triple junction: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 2, p. 199-224, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF87AE-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2580e4b0c8380cd5894f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, S. H. Jr.","contributorId":44913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016592,"text":"70016592 - 1992 - Bidirectional sulfate diffusion in saline-lake sediments: Evidence from Devils Lake, northeast North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T12:34:45","indexId":"70016592","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bidirectional sulfate diffusion in saline-lake sediments: Evidence from Devils Lake, northeast North Dakota","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic gradients in pore water in Devils Lake indicate that maximum rates of sulfate reduction occur between 1 and 3 cm depth in the bottom sediments. Dissolved sulfate diffuses into the sulfate-reduction zone upward from deeply buried saline pore water at an average rate of 1.4 x 10-5 μmol ⋅ cm-2 ⋅ s-1, and downward from the overlying water column at an average rate of 2.4 x 10-5 μmol ⋅ cm-2 ⋅ s-1. The result is a bidirectional flux of sulfate into the sulfate-reduction zone. Upward-diffusing sulfate provides a ready supply of electron acceptors for sulfate-reducing bacteria even at fairly great depths in the sediments. The abundance of electron acceptors enables sulfate-reducing bacteria to outcompete methanogenic bacteria for organic material and thereby suppress methane production. Suppression of methanogenesis may be widespread in sulfate-rich lakes and wetlands and may limit methane fluxes from these water bodies to the atmosphere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0319:BSDISL>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., 1992, Bidirectional sulfate diffusion in saline-lake sediments: Evidence from Devils Lake, northeast North Dakota: Geology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 319-322, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0319:BSDISL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devil's Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.35760498046875,\n 47.83804887261066\n ],\n [\n -99.35760498046875,\n 48.244796538712365\n ],\n [\n -98.51852416992186,\n 48.244796538712365\n ],\n [\n -98.51852416992186,\n 47.83804887261066\n ],\n [\n -99.35760498046875,\n 47.83804887261066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f125e4b0c8380cd4aa78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186580,"text":"70186580 - 1992 - A method for estimating regional drawdowns in local areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:28:00","indexId":"70186580","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A method for estimating regional drawdowns in local areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the national symposium on the future availability of ground water resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"National symposium on the future availability of ground water resources","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., and Speiran, G., 1992, A method for estimating regional drawdowns in local areas, in Proceedings of the national symposium on the future availability of ground water resources, p. 347-361.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"347","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e6027ae4b09da6799ac6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016579,"text":"70016579 - 1992 - Two-dimensional circulation modeling of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:08:40","indexId":"70016579","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Two-dimensional circulation modeling of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"A two dimensional, vertically averaged, unsteady flow model was applied to a 50- kilometer reach of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina. The model computational grid, which consists of about 16,000 square cells, each 200 meters on a side, was developed from more than one million depth soundings. Information from a comprehensive data-collection network, including six water-level stations, six temperature and salinity measurement stations, and one wind measurement station, was used to provide data for boundary conditions and for model calibration. Preliminary model results for this ongoing study were sensitive to the presence of a lateral water-level gradient at the downstream boundary. For the simulation period, water-level oscillations at the downstream boundary were much more important in controlling Pamlico River flows than were local winds blowing over the surface of the estuary. Average absolute differences between observed and simulated water levels at two measurement sites were less than 2 centimeters for the 8-day calibration period.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628612","usgsCitation":"Giese, G.L., and Bales, J., 1992, Two-dimensional circulation modeling of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Tampa, FL, USA, 13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992, p. 607-619.","startPage":"607","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pamlico River estuary","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb992e4b08c986b327c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, G. L.","contributorId":44898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016577,"text":"70016577 - 1992 - Environmental benefits vs. costs of geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016577","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental benefits vs. costs of geologic mapping","docAbstract":"Boone and Winnebago Counties, Illinois, U.S.A., were selected for this study, required by the Illinois State Senate, because mapping and environmental interpretations were completed there in 1981. Costs of geologic mapping in these counties in 1990 dollars were $290,000. Two estimates of costs of statewide mapping were made, one extrapolated from Boone and Winnebago Counties ($21 million), the other estimated on the basis of differences between the Boone/Winnebago program and proposed mapping program for the State of Illinois ($55 million). Benefits of geologic information come in the form of future avoided costs for environmental cleanup. Only the quantifiable data, available from a few sites, were included. Data collection, based on 55 personal interviews in Boone and Winnebago Counties, were grouped into four cumulative categories with increasing variability. Geologic maps alone cannot account for all avoided costs of future cleanup. Therefore, estimated benefits were reduced by 50, 75, and 90 percent in three scenarios. To account for delays in proper utilization of knowledge gained from a mapping program, a 10-yr delay in benefit realization was assumed. All benefits were converted to 1990 dollars. In benefit category 4, benefit-cost ratios for Boone/Winnebago Counties ranged between 5 and 55. Statewide projection of benefits was based on county areas and an aquifer contamination potential score for each county. Statewide benefit-cost ratio in benefit category 4 ranged from 1.2 to 14 ($21 million mapping costs) and from 0.5 to 5.4 ($55 million mapping costs). ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01740575","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Bhagwat, S., and Berg, R.C., 1992, Environmental benefits vs. costs of geologic mapping: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 19, no. 1, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01740575.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740575"},{"id":223018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09a2e4b0c8380cd51fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhagwat, S.B.","contributorId":58025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhagwat","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, R. C.","contributorId":11673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016576,"text":"70016576 - 1992 - Heat flow and subsurface temperature as evidence for basin-scale ground-water flow, North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:55:09.297593","indexId":"70016576","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow and subsurface temperature as evidence for basin-scale ground-water flow, North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"In conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey's exploration program in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA) several high-resolution temperature logs were made in each of 21 drillholes between 1977 and 1984. These time-series of shallow (average 600-m depth) temperature profiles were extrapolated to infinite time to yield equilibrium temperature profiles (±0.1 °C). Thermal gradients are inversely correlated with elevation, and vary from 22 °C/km in the foothills of the Brooks Range to as high as 53 °C/km on the coastal plain to the north. Shallow temperature data were supplemented with 24 equilibrium temperatures (±3-5 °C) estimated from series of bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) measured near the bottom of petroleum exploration wells. A total of 601 thermal conductivity measurements were made on drill cuttings and cores. Near-surface heat flow (±20%) is inversely correlated with elevation and ranges from a low of 27 mW/m2 in the foothills of the Brooks Range in the south, to a high of 90 mW/m2 near the north coast. Subsurface temperatures and thermal gradients estimated from corrected BHTs are similarly much higher on the coastal plain than in the foothills province to the south. Significant east-west variation in heat flow and subsurface temperature is also observed; higher heat flow and temperature coincide with higher basement topography. The observed thermal pattern is consistent with forced convection by a topographically driven ground-water flow system; alternative explanations are largely unsatisfactory. Average ground-water (Darcy) velocity in the postulated flow system is estimated to be of the order of 0.1 m/yr; the effective basin-scale permeability is estimated to be of the order of 10-14 m2. Organic maturation data collected in other studies indicate that systematic variations in thermal state may have persisted for tens of millions of years. The ground-water flow system thought to be responsible for present heat-flow variations conceivably has existed for the same period of time, possibly providing the driving mechanism for petroleum migration and accumulation at Prudhoe Bay.
We analyzed variation in egg size of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) in relation to clutch size, laying date, female age, year, and position in the laying sequence. A total of 3,478 eggs was measured over three years. Egg size increased with clutch size and female age, and decreased with laying date, year, and position in the laying sequence. We did not detect a negative phenotypic correlation between clutch size and egg size. However, overlap in total clutch volumes for clutches of different sizes indicated trade offs occurred among individuals with comparable investments in their clutches.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088164","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Sedinger, J.S., 1992, Reproductive implications of egg-size variation in Black Brant: The Auk, v. 109, no. 4, p. 896-903, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088164.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"903","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol109/iss4/20","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tutakoke River, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"109","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca5301e4b0849ce97c8760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180678,"text":"70180678 - 1992 - Comparison of structural proteins of fish rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T13:06:31","indexId":"70180678","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparison of structural proteins of fish rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid Diseases","language":"English","publisher":"Hokkaido University Press","publisherLocation":"Sapporo, Japan","usgsCitation":"Nishizawa, T., Yoshimizu, M., Winton, J., and Kimura, T., 1992, Comparison of structural proteins of fish rhabdoviruses, chap. of Salmonid Diseases, p. 72-79.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bde4b072a7ac12998e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kimura, T.","contributorId":89586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishizawa, T.","contributorId":53536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishizawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshimizu, M.","contributorId":49980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshimizu","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimura, T.","contributorId":89586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179202,"text":"70179202 - 1992 - Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T15:49:43","indexId":"70179202","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Chinook Salmon Smolt Survival Workshop presented by the Idaho Chapter, American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","publisherLocation":"Moscow, ID","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., 1992, Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation, in Proceedings of the Chinook Salmon Smolt Survival Workshop presented by the Idaho Chapter, American Fisheries Society, p. 191-202.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2f9e4b01224f329b990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180660,"text":"70180660 - 1992 - Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:05:59","indexId":"70180660","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Chinook Salmon Smolt survival workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Chinook Salmon Smolt survival workshop","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., 1992, Impact of bacterial kidney disease on Chinook salmon smolts during migration, collection, and transportation, in Proceedings of the Chinook Salmon Smolt survival workshop, p. 191-202.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"191","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bde4b072a7ac12999e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003141,"text":"1003141 - 1992 - Sublethal effects of cadmium on physiological responses in the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis ventricosa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:25:05.957827","indexId":"1003141","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sublethal effects of cadmium on physiological responses in the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis ventricosa","title":"Sublethal effects of cadmium on physiological responses in the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis ventricosa","docAbstract":"Recent studies indicate that the density and diversity of freshwater mussels are declining in many large river systems, possibly from low-level chemical contamination. Exposure of Lam-psilis ventricosa (Barnes, 1823) to 0, 22, 111, and 305 μg/L of cadmium for 28 d in a proportional diluter resulted in a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in respiration rate as cadmium concentration increased. Although variations in cadmium concentrations did not significantly affect food clearance rates or ammonia excretion rates, mussels exposed to 305 μg cadmium per liter showed a decrease in ammonia excretion rates and a decrease in food clearance rates over the 28-d study. Assimilation efficiencies increased during the test in all treatments. Oxygen-to-nitrogen ratios were significantly increased in mussels exposed to either 111 or 305 μg cadmium per liter by day 28. Tissue condition index (TCI) values were significantly lower in mussels in the toxicity test than those in a field sample. The significant change in respiration rate after only a 28-d exposure to cadmium suggests that freshwater mussels may be sensitive indicators of sublethal contaminant exposure. However, the large variability in other physiological responses indicates that the study of contaminant effects requires careful selection of appropriate physiological indicators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620110714","usgsCitation":"Naimo, T., Atchison, G., and Holland Bartels, L.E., 1992, Sublethal effects of cadmium on physiological responses in the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis ventricosa: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 11, no. 7, p. 1013-1021, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620110714.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naimo, T.J.","contributorId":32870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atchison, G.J.","contributorId":59406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atchison","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003142,"text":"1003142 - 1992 - Survey of non-charter boat recreational fishing in the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1003142","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of non-charter boat recreational fishing in the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"A telephone survey was conducted by the U.S. Virgin Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife from July- September 1986 to evaluate the efficacy of telephone surveys as a sampling technique for obtaining reliable fisheries data, and to collect fisheries data for the recreational non-charter boat fishery around the Virgin Islands. Results suggest that telephone surveys by themselves may provide biased data on recreational fishing in the Virgin Islands. Additional methods, such as mail surveys and limited creel surveys could be used to supplement the fisheries data gathered through telephone surveys. The results of this survey indicate that during the mid 1980s 10.8% of the residents of the Virgin Islands ( similar to 10,800) fished recreationally (i.e., non-charter boat anglers). These anglers made modest demands of the resources (effort: 19,200 manhours/yr;","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C., 1992, Survey of non-charter boat recreational fishing in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 50, no. 2, p. 342-351.","productDescription":"pp. 342-351","startPage":"342","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016854,"text":"70016854 - 1992 - Hydrothermal and metamorphic berthierine from the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Timmins, Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016854","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal and metamorphic berthierine from the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Timmins, Ontario","docAbstract":"Berthierine, a 7 A?? Fe-Al member of the serpentine group, occurs in the footwall stringer zone of the Archean Kidd Creek massive sulfide deposit, associated with quartz, muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline, cassiterite, and halloysite. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies reveal different types of berthierine occurrences, including interlayers within the rims on deformed chlorite, intergrowths with muscovite and halloysite, and discrete coarse grains. This is the first reported occurrence of berthierine from volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Textural relations suggest that most of the berthierine formed as a primary hydrothermal mineral at relatively high temperatures (~350??C) in the footwall stringer zone, probably by the replacement of a pre-existing aluminous phase such as muscovite or chlorite. However, the intergrowth textures observed by SEM and TEM suggest that some of the berthierine originated by syn- or post-metamorphic replacement of chlorite. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Wei-Teh, J., Peacor, D., and Okita, P., 1992, Hydrothermal and metamorphic berthierine from the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Timmins, Ontario: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1127-1142.","startPage":"1127","endPage":"1142","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3799e4b0c8380cd60fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei-Teh, Jiang","contributorId":37481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei-Teh","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peacor, D.R.","contributorId":55970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacor","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okita, P.M.","contributorId":63031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016875,"text":"70016875 - 1992 - A monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic Au-Hg mineral of potential economic significance in Pleistocene Snake River alluvial deposits of southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016875","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic Au-Hg mineral of potential economic significance in Pleistocene Snake River alluvial deposits of southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"A mineral with the approximate composition of Au94Hg6 - Au88Hg12 (atomic %) has been identified in Pleistocene Snake River alluvial deposits. The gold-mercury mineral occurs as very small grains or as polycrystalline masses composed of subhedral to nearly euhedral attached crystals. Vibratory cold-polishing techniques with 0.05-??m alumina abrasive for polished sections revealed a porous internal texture for most subhedral crystals after 48-72 hours of treatment. Thus, optical character (isotropic or anisotropic) could not be determined by reflected-light microscopy, and pore-free areas were too small for measurement of reflectance. X-ray-diffraction lines rather than individual reflections (spots), on powder camera X-ray films of unrotated spindles of single grains that morphologically appear to be single crystals, indicate that individual subhedral or euhedral crystals are composed of domains in random orientation. Thus, no material was found suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., and Foord, E., 1992, A monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic Au-Hg mineral of potential economic significance in Pleistocene Snake River alluvial deposits of southeastern Idaho: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1033-1038.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1038","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e488e4b0c8380cd466ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186543,"text":"70186543 - 1992 - Laboratory methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T10:57:46","indexId":"70186543","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Laboratory methods","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Development geology reference manual","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ethridge, F., Almon, W., Cone, M., Kersey, D., Ohen, H., Nagel, W., Byerly, K., Funk, J., Vayra, C., Kaldi, J., Sneider, R., Hawkins, J., Scott, R.W., Houseknecht, D., Thomas, J., Henshaw, P., Kaufman, R., Slentz, L., Dickey, P., Keelan, D., and Amaefule, J., 1992, Laboratory methods, chap. of Development geology reference manual, p. 197-257.","productDescription":"51 p. ","startPage":"197","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60285e4b09da6799ac6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ethridge, F.G.","contributorId":42211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ethridge","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Almon, W.R.","contributorId":190503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almon","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cone, M.P.","contributorId":190504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cone","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kersey, D.G.","contributorId":190505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kersey","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohen, H.A.","contributorId":190506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohen","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagel, W.A.","contributorId":190507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagel","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Byerly, K.A.","contributorId":190508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byerly","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Funk, Jim","contributorId":190509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vayra, C.L.","contributorId":190510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vayra","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kaldi, J.G.","contributorId":190511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaldi","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sneider, R.M.","contributorId":190512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sneider","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hawkins, J.T.","contributorId":190513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Scott, R. W.","contributorId":81105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Thomas, J.B.","contributorId":190515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Henshaw, P.C.","contributorId":190516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henshaw","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kaufman, R.L.","contributorId":190517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Slentz, L.W.","contributorId":190518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slentz","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Dickey, P.A.","contributorId":190519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickey","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Keelan, Dare","contributorId":190520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keelan","given":"Dare","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Amaefule, J.O.","contributorId":60407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaefule","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70016861,"text":"70016861 - 1992 - Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:12:59","indexId":"70016861","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis","docAbstract":"In order to represent hysteretic soil water retention curves accurately using as few measurements as possible, a new semiempirical model has been developed. It has two postulates related to physical characteristics of the medium, and two parameters, each with a definite physical interpretation, whose values are determined empirically for a given porous medium. One parameter represents the fraction of the pore space that is not subject to Haines jump hysteresis. Its associated postulate is that a single value of this parameter characterizes a given medium, or, equivalently, that the medium is self-similar with respect to the division between hysteretic and nonhysteretic pore space. The second parameter is the effective body-to-neck size ratio of the medium's largest pore. The second postulate specifies a particular relation between the size distributions of pore bodies and of pore necks. Tests of the model show that it provides high-quality optimized fits to measured water content vs. matric pressure wetting curves for a wide variety of media. The parameter values obtained through optimization correlate plausibly with such media properties as uniformity of particles, complexity of structure, and degree of compaction. A practical use of this model is to provide a complete simulated main wetting curve for a medium where only a main drying curve and two points on the wetting curve have been measured. With additional development, it may be possible to do without the two measured wetting points if parameters can be evaluated from other measurements or known properties of the medium.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., 1992, Semiempirical model of soil water hysteresis: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1723-1730, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060011x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1723","endPage":"1730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d0ee4b08c986b318248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016876,"text":"70016876 - 1992 - New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:49:38","indexId":"70016876","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands","docAbstract":"A new method is proposed that combines records for several streamflow-gaging stations, as in the station-year approach, and produces regional flood-frequency relations using an iterative regression technique. This technique eliminates the need to extrapolate the flood-frequency relation to the flood probability of interest. The resulting multiparameter regional flood-frequency relation is based on all the available annual peak-flow data. The method was applied to a group of records from 42 gaging stations in Nevada with many years of no flow and with many poorly defined flood-frquency relations. One- and two-parameter models were developed in which much of the variance in peak discharge is explained by drainage area. The log-Pearson type III and Weibull probability distributions were used in the models. Part of the error is directly assessed using randomly selected subsamples of the annual peak discharges. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)","usgsCitation":"Hjalmarson, H., and Thomas, B.E., 1992, New look at regional flood-frequency relations for arid lands: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 118, no. 6, p. 868-886, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868).","startPage":"868","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269427,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(868)"},{"id":224855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e3e4b0c8380cd72c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016898,"text":"70016898 - 1992 - The oldest known Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines (Pinus aristata Engelm.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:47:47","indexId":"70016898","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The oldest known Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines (Pinus aristata Engelm.)","docAbstract":"We have found 12 living Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines (Pinus aristata) more than 1600 yr old, including four that are more than 2100 yr old, on Black Mountain, near South Park, and on Almagre Mountain, in the southern Front Range, Colorado. A core from the oldest of these trees has an inner-ring date of 442 B.C. This tree is therefore at least 2435 yr old and exceeds the age of the oldest previously reported Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine by 846 yr. The ages of these trees show that Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines, under arid environmental conditions, achieve much older ages than have been previously reported. The ages also show that previously inferred trends in bristlecone pine ages, where maximum ages in the eastern range of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines are much less than maximum ages in the western range of Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva), are less strong than previously supposed. Ancient Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines, such as those found in this study, have the potential to expand our knowledge of late Holocene climatic conditions in western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551666","usgsCitation":"Brunstein, F., and Yamaguchi, D., 1992, The oldest known Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines (Pinus aristata Engelm.): Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 24, no. 3, p. 253-256, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551666.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"256","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae50e4b08c986b323fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brunstein, F.C.","contributorId":9672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunstein","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamaguchi, D.K.","contributorId":26074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaguchi","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016849,"text":"70016849 - 1992 - Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016849","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","docAbstract":"Digital cartography allows the portrayal of spatial associations among diverse data types and is ideally suited for land use and resource analysis. We have developed methodology that uses digital cartography for the classification of wetlands and their associated peat resources and applied it to a 1:24 000 scale map area in New Hampshire. Classifying and mapping wetlands involves integrating the spatial distribution of wetlands types with depth variations in associated peat quality and character. A hierarchically structured classification that integrates the spatial distribution of variations in (1) vegetation, (2) soil type, (3) hydrology, (4) geologic aspects, and (5) peat characteristics has been developed and can be used to build digital cartographic files for resource and land use analysis. The first three parameters are the bases used by the National Wetlands Inventory to classify wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The fourth parameter, geological aspects, includes slope, relief, depth of wetland (from surface to underlying rock or substrate), wetland stratigraphy, and the type and structure of solid and unconsolidated rock surrounding and underlying the wetland. The fifth parameter, peat characteristics, includes the subsurface variation in ash, acidity, moisture, heating value (Btu), sulfur content, and other chemical properties as shown in specimens obtained from core holes. These parameters can be shown as a series of map data overlays with tables that can be integrated for resource or land use analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C., and Emery, D.A., 1992, Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 195-206.","startPage":"195","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f631e4b0c8380cd4c5ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Cornelia C.","contributorId":103002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cornelia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, David A.","contributorId":107437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016848,"text":"70016848 - 1992 - Fluvial deposits of Yellowstone tephras: Implications for late Cenozoic history of the Bighorn basin area, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:33:02","indexId":"70016848","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial deposits of Yellowstone tephras: Implications for late Cenozoic history of the Bighorn basin area, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"Several deposits of tephra derived from eruptions in Yellowstone National Park occur in the northern Bighorn basin area of Wyoming and Montana. These tephra deposits are mixed and interbedded with fluvial gravel and sand deposited by several different rivers. The fluvial tephra deposits are used to calculate stream incision rates, to provide insight into drainage histories and Quaternary tectonics, to infer the timing of alluvial erosion-deposition cycles, and to calibrate rates of soil development. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(92)90005-M","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 1992, Fluvial deposits of Yellowstone tephras: Implications for late Cenozoic history of the Bighorn basin area, Wyoming and Montana: Quaternary International, v. 13-14, no. C, p. 19-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90005-M.","startPage":"19","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270044,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90005-M"},{"id":224511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13-14","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1299e4b0c8380cd54384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016787,"text":"70016787 - 1992 - The cycling of iron and manganese in the water column of Lake Sammamish, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:53:16","indexId":"70016787","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The cycling of iron and manganese in the water column of Lake Sammamish, Washington","docAbstract":"Processes controlling the distribution and mobility of Fe and Mn in Lake Sammamish, Washington, a seasonally anoxic lake, are deduced from a year‐long monthly study of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the lake. Inventories of dissolved Mn and Fe in the bottom waters increase as the redox potential lowers with dissolved Mn inventories during stagnation being much larger than inventories of dissolved Fe. The shapes of the dissolved metal profiles indicate that dissolved Fe is supplied to the hypolimnion during stratification by diffusion of Fe(II) from the sediments into the overlying anoxic water as well as reduction of Fe oxide particles settling through the anoxic water column, while the dominant source of dissolved Mn to the anoxic bottom waters during most of the stratification period appears to be reduction of settling Mn‐oxide particles. Inventories of particulate Fe in the hypolimnion during the latter stages of stratification are significantly larger than inventories of particulate Mn. Peaks of particulate Fe and Mn occur in the water column from July through November and particulate Mn peaks always occur at shallower depths than peaks of particulate Fe. Flux calculations suggest that there is a sufficient supply of both oxygen and reduced metal to the particulate zones for metal‐oxide precipitation to occur. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that during the sulfidic phase of stagnation dissolved Fe concentrations in the very bottom waters may be controlled by FeS precipitation.