{"pageNumber":"4256","pageRowStart":"106375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":1014903,"text":"1014903 - 1992 - Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T13:12:31.178449","indexId":"1014903","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., and Thune, R., 1992, Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters: Biomedical Letters, v. 47, no. 188, p. 355-362.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thune, R.L.","contributorId":100240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thune","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017266,"text":"70017266 - 1992 - Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017266","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","docAbstract":"One of the goals of NAPAP-sponsored research on the effects of acidic deposition on carbonate stone has been to quantify the incremental effects of wet and dry deposition of hydrogen ion, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on stone erosion. Test briquettes and slabs of freshly quarried Indiana limestone and Vermont marble have been exposed to ambient environmental conditions in a long-term exposure program. Physical measurements of the recession of test stones exposed to ambient conditions at an angle of 30?? to horizontal at the five NAPAP materials exposure sites range from ~15 to ~30?? ??m yr-1 for marble, and from ~25 to ~45 ??m yr -1 for limestone, and are approximately double the recession estimates based on the observed calcium content of run-off solutions from test slabs. The difference between the physical and chemical recession measurements is attributed to the loss of mineral grains from the stone surfaces that are not measured in the run-off experiments. The erosion due to grain loss does not appear to be influenced by rainfall acidity, however, preliminary evidence suggests that grain loss may be influenced by dry deposition of sulfur dioxide between rainfall events. Chemical analyses of the run-off solutions and associated rainfall blanks suggest that ~30% of erosion by dissolution can be attributed to the wet deposition of hydrogen ion and the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitric acid between rain events. The remaining ~70% of erosion by dissolution is accounted for by the solubility of carbonate stone in rain that is in equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide ('clean rain'). These results are for marble and limestone slabs exposed at an angle of 30?? from horizontal. The relative contribution of sulfur dioxide to chemical erosion is significantly enhanced for stone slabs having an inclination of 60?? or 85??. The dry deposition of alkaline particulate material has a mitigating effect at the two urban field exposure sites at Washington, DC, and Steubenville, OH.","largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N","issn":"09571272","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., Reddy, M., Reimann, K., and Sciammarella, C., 1992, Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), <i>in</i> Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere, v. 26, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N"},{"id":225211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0679e4b0c8380cd51272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimann, K.J.","contributorId":19035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sciammarella, C.A.","contributorId":62086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sciammarella","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017165,"text":"70017165 - 1992 - Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:44:34.998388","indexId":"70017165","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands","docAbstract":"<div id=\"SP0005\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The overall shape of freshwater lenses can be determined by applying electromagnetic methods and inverse layered-earth modeling to the mapping of atoll island freshwater lenses. Conductivity profiles were run across the width of the inhabited islands at Mwoakilloa, Pingelap, and Sapwuahfik atolls of the Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia using a dual-loop, frequency-domain, electromagnetic profiling system. Six values of apparent conductivity were recorded at each sounding station and were used to interpret layer conductivities and/or thicknesses. A three-layer model that includes the unsaturated, freshwater, and saltwater zones was used to simulate apparent-conductivity data measured in the field.</div><div id=\"SP0010\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Interpreted results were compared with chloride-concentration data from monitoring wells and indicate that the interface between freshwater and saltwater layers, defined from electromagnetic data, is located in the upper part of the transition zone, where the chloride-concentration profile shows a rapid increase with depth. The electromagnetic method can be used to interpret the thickness of the freshwater between monitoring wells, but can not be used to interpret the thickness of freshwater from monitoring wells to the margin of an island.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90050-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S.S., 1992, Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 137, no. 1-4, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90050-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a4e4b0c8380cd51be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, S. S.","contributorId":89173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017275,"text":"70017275 - 1992 - Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017275","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","docAbstract":"The calculation of volumes of fallout tephra layers is difficult because of the nonlinear dependence of thickness on area and because of the extrapolations required at the vent and in distal regions. Calculation using the trapezoidal rule, straight lines on log-log plots of area versus thickness, straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2, and the crystal-concentration method are reviewed and the problems with each method discussed. The method using straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2 is the most geologically reasonable because most deposits thin exponentially from source and therefore plot as straight lines using these coordinates. Errors and uncertainties in previous derivations for using this method are discussed and more general formulas presented. The method is also used to gain perspective on the \"missing\" distal volumes calculated by the crystal-concentration method compared to those calculated based only on isopach data. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278005","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Nathenson, M., 1992, Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005"},{"id":224587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4fe4b0c8380cd491b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017316,"text":"70017316 - 1992 - Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:54:31.144426","indexId":"70017316","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2264,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters","docAbstract":"<p><span>The photo processing industry can be characterized by treatment processes and subsequent silver recovery. The effluents generated all contain various amounts of silver. The objectives of this study were to determine toxicity of photo processing effluents and to explore their toxicity mitigation. Six samples, from small shops to a major photo processing center, were studied. Two samples (I and VI) were found to be extremely toxic, causing 100 and 99% inhibition of duckweed frond reproduction, respectively, and were used for subsequent toxicity reduction experiments. Lime and sodium sulfide were effective for the toxicity reduction of Sample VI; both reduced its toxicity to negligible. Sample I was far more toxic and was first diluted to 2.2% and then treated with 0.5 g lime/100 mL, reducing toxicity from 100% to 12% inhibition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10934529209375798","issn":"03601226","usgsCitation":"Wang, W., 1992, Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1313-1328, https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529209375798.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1328","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb622e4b08c986b326a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, W.","contributorId":76003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182209,"text":"70182209 - 1992 - Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:44:47","indexId":"70182209","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea Otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>), well documented as \"keystone\" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy around the Kodiak Archipelago. The results indicate that Kodiak otters forage primarily on bivalve prey and dramatically reduce infaunal bivalve and green sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>) prey populations. Bivalve prey abundance, biomass, and size were inversely related to duration of sea otter occupancy. The relative conditions of shells discarded by otters in shallow (&lt;10 m) vs. deep (&gt; 20 m) water at the same sites indicate that otters first exploited <i>Saxidomus</i> in shallow-water feeding areas, and later switched to <i>Macoma</i> spp. in deeper water. Otter-cracked shells of the deep-burrowing clam <i>Tresus capax</i> were rarely found, even at otter foraging sites where the clam accounted for the majority of available prey biomass, suggesting that it has a partial depth refuge from otter predation. The indirect effects of otter predation included substratum disturbance and the facilitation of sea star predation on infaunal prey. Sea stars, <i>Pycnopodia helianthoides</i>, were attracted to experimentally dug excavations as well as natural sea otter foraging pits, where the sea stars foraged on smaller size classes of infaunal bivalves than those eaten by otters. Otters also discard clam shells on the sediment surface and expose old, buried shells during excavation. Surface shells were found to provide attachment sites for large anemones and kelp. Our study shows that sea otters can affect soft-sediment communities, not only through predation, as in rocky habitats, but also through disturbance, and thus retain a high degree of influence in two very different habitat types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1940749","usgsCitation":"Kvitek, R., Oliver, J., DeGange, A., and Anderson, B., 1992, Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation: Ecology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940749.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.29248046875,\n              58.78528524510292\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.698974609375,\n              58.77959115030064\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              58.257507589081605\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.028076171875,\n              57.468589192089354\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              56.23724470041031\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2919921875,\n              56.15166933290848\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.951904296875,\n              57.33838126552897\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.19384765624997,\n              58.19966110122876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff1e4b01ccd54f8b589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, J.S.","contributorId":17073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.S.","contributorId":181917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017273,"text":"70017273 - 1992 - Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:06:23.045111","indexId":"70017273","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","docAbstract":"<p>Modern snowpack from central south Greenland was sampled in sub-seasonal increments and analysed for a suite of major, minor and trace rock-forming metals (K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba). There is a sharp seasonal concentration maximum for all six metals that comes in summer, later than mid-June. Metal concentrations in all other parts of the year's snowpack are up to 10 or more times smaller. The concentration maximum is preceded by low values in autumn-winter, very low values in early-mid-spring, and moderate-to-high values in late spring-early summer; this pattern is seen consistently in three-separate time stratigraphic intervals representing the same seasonal periods, spanning the time interval 1981–1984. The absolute concentration values of the snow strata representing the low-concentration portion of the year, autumn-winter-spring, may vary substantially from year to year, by a factor of two, or more.</p><p>The finding that all rock-forming metals are at a sharp concentration maximum in late summer contrasts with the interpretations of several other studies in high-latitude northern regions. Those studies have reported a broad maximum of continental dust-associated metals in late winter and spring. However, samples of the other studies have mostly come from regions farther to the north, and the analyses have emphasized industrial pollutant metals rather than the matched rock-forming suite of the present study.</p><p>The metals measured were chosen to give information about the origin and identity of the rock and soil dusts, and sea salts, present as impurities in the snow. Metal ratios indicate that the dusts in the snowpacks are of continental origin and from ferromagnesian rocks. Source rock types for dusts in central south Greenland snow contrast with the felsic rock dusts of the Sierra Nevada, CA, annual snowpacks, and with the very felsic rock dusts in large south central Alaskan mountain glaciers. Samples in which masses of sea salt are much larger than those of rock dusts may be identified by small changes in metal ratios caused by moderate increases of K and Ca from marine sources, nearly unaccompanied by the minor and trace metals Rb, Cs and Ba, that are very rare in the oceans.</p><p>A sampling frequency, such as that of the present study, that divides a year's accumulation into 8–10 subsamples is sufficient to reveal details of the time pattern of variation in proportions and concentrations of metals that give information about atmospheric deposition of important types of earth materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., 1992, Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 26 A, no. 13, p. 2283-2293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2283","endPage":"2293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -48.61331539242025,\n              64.67434822891337\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.61331539242025,\n              62.66873105505019\n            ],\n            [\n              -43.430498617816,\n              62.66873105505019\n            ],\n            [\n              -43.430498617816,\n              64.67434822891337\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.61331539242025,\n              64.67434822891337\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26 A","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc171e4b08c986b32a58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017213,"text":"70017213 - 1992 - Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017213","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Associations of free-living bacteria (FLB) and dissolved organic contaminants in a 4-km-long plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater were investigated. Abundance of FLB in the core of the plume (as delineated by maximum specific conductance) steadily decreased in the direction of flow from a point 0.25 km downgradient from the source to the toe of the plume. At 0.25 km downgradient, FLB comprised up to 31% of the total bacterial population, but constituted < 7% of the population at 2 km downgradient. Abundance of FLB correlated strongly (r = 0.80 n = 23) with total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in contaminated groundwater between 0.64 and 2.1 km downgradient, although distributions of individual contaminants such as di-, tri- and tetrachloroethene were highly variable, and their association with FLB less clear. Numbers of FLB in the downgradient portion of the plume which is contaminated with branched-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) surfactants were low (< 5??108/L) in spite of relatively high levels of DOC (up to 4 mg/L). However, abundance of FLB correlated strongly with non-surfactant DOC along vertical transects through the plume. The ratio of FLB to DOC and the ratio of FLB to attached bacteria generally decreased in the direction of flow and, consequently, with the age of the organic contaminants.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Pacifichem '89","conferenceDate":"17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., and Barber, L., 1992, Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater, <i>in</i> Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, Honolulu, HI, USA, 17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989, p. 91-103.","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e41","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCalady Donald L.","contributorId":128410,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"McCalady Donald L.","id":536359,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L.B. II","contributorId":6097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017214,"text":"70017214 - 1992 - Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries: Distribution, transport and fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017214","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries: Distribution, transport and fate","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River and its major tributaries transport herbicides and their degradation products from agricultural areas in the mid-western U.S.A. These compounds include atrazine and its degradation products (desethyl- and desisopropylatrazine), simazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and alachlor and its degradation products (2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide, 2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethylacetanilide and 2,6-diethylaniline). These compounds were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Loads of these compounds were determined during five sampling trips in 1987-1989. Stream loads of these compounds indicated that atrazine and metolachlor were relatively conservative in downstream transport. Alachlor and its degradation products were generated from point and non-point sources. Seasonal variations and hydrologic conditions controlled the loads of these compounds in the Mississippi River. Cross-channel mixing was slow downstream from major river confluences, possibly requiring several hundred kilometers of downriver transit for completion. The annual transport of these compounds into the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to be < 2% of the annual application of each herbicide in the Midwest.The Mississippi River and its major tributaries transport herbicides and their degradation products from agricultural areas in the mid-western U.S.A. These compounds include atrazine and its degradation products (desethyl- and desisopropylatrazine), simazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and alachlor and its degradation products (2-chloro-2???,6???-diethylacetanilide, 2-hydroxy-2???,6???-diethylacetanilide and 2,6-diethylaniline). These compounds were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Loads of these compounds were determined during five sampling trips in 1987-1989. Stream loads of these compounds indicated that atrazine and metolachlor were relatively conservative in downstream transport. Alachlor and its degradation products were generated from point and non-point sources. Seasonal variations and hydrologic conditions controlled the loads of these compounds in the Mississippi River. Cross-channel mixing was slow downstream from major river confluences, possibly requiring several hundred kilometers of downriver transit for completion. The annual transport of these compounds into the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to be <2% of the annual application of each herbicide in the Midwest.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Pacifichem '89","conferenceDate":"17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., and Leiker, T., 1992, Synthetic organic agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries: Distribution, transport and fate, <i>in</i> Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, Honolulu, HI, USA, 17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989, p. 175-188.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba35fe4b08c986b31fc9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCalady Donald L.","contributorId":128410,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"McCalady Donald L.","id":536360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017298,"text":"70017298 - 1992 - Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:44:46","indexId":"70017298","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance","docAbstract":"Three images of Venus have been returned so far by the Galileo spacecraft following an encounter with the planet on UT February 10, 1990. The images, taken at effective wavelengths of 4200 and 9900 A??, characterize the global motions and distribution of haze near the Venus cloud tops and, at the latter wavelength, deep within the main cloud. Previously undetected markings are clearly seen in the near-infrared image. The global distribution of these features, which have maximum contrasts of 3%, is different from that recorded at short wavelengths. In particular, the \"polar collar,\" which is omnipresent in short wavelength images, is absent at 9900 A??. The maximum contrast in the features at 4200 A?? is about 20%. The optical performance of the camera is described and is judged to be nominal. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Gierasch, P., Klaasen, K., Anger, C., Carr, M.H., Chapman, C.R., Davies, M.E., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J., Neukum, G., Pilcher, C., Veverka, J., Fanale, F.P., Ingersoll, A., Pollock, J., Morrison, D., Clary, M., Cunningham, W., and Breneman, H., 1992, Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance: Advances in Space Research, v. 12, no. 9, p. 91-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q.","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267872,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3883e4b0c8380cd615c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gierasch, P.","contributorId":14957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gierasch","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaasen, K.P.","contributorId":56806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaasen","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anger, C.D.","contributorId":84514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anger","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, C. R.","contributorId":12984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pilcher, C.B.","contributorId":31917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.P.","contributorId":54735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pollock, J.B.","contributorId":10558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Clary, M.C.","contributorId":70932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clary","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Cunningham, W.","contributorId":68043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Breneman, H.","contributorId":59186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breneman","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70017315,"text":"70017315 - 1992 - Volume II - Databases for GIS applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:21:58.112801","indexId":"70017315","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1317,"text":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volume II - Databases for GIS applications","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-9715(92)90007-E","usgsCitation":"Rugg, R.D., Konecny, M., and Morrison, J.L., 1992, Volume II - Databases for GIS applications: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 16, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(92)90007-E.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc34ce4b08c986b32b096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rugg, Robert D.","contributorId":47526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rugg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konecny, M.","contributorId":28380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konecny","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, J. L.","contributorId":28012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017295,"text":"70017295 - 1992 - Reconnaissance exploration geochemistry in the central Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Implications for exploration of sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:29:18.358657","indexId":"70017295","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance exploration geochemistry in the central Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Implications for exploration of sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>A reconnaissance geochemical survey was conducted in the southern Killik River quadrangle, central Brooks Range, northern Alaska. The Brooks Range lies within the zone of continuous permafrost which may partially inhibit chemical weathering and oxidation. The minus 30-mesh and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate fractions of sediment samples were chosen as the sample media for the survey so that mechanical rather than chemical dispersion patterns would be enhanced. A total of 263 sites were sampled within the southern half of the Killik River quadrangle at an average sample density of approximately one sample per 12 km<sup>2</sup>. All samples were submitted for multi-element analyses.</p><p>In the western and central Brooks Range, several known sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag(-Ba) deposits occur within a belt of Paleozoic rocks of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Exploration for this type of deposit in the Brook Range is difficult, due to the inherently high background values for Ba, Zn and Pb in shale and the common occurrence of metamorphic quartz-calcite veins, many of which contain traces of sulfide minerals. Stream sediments derived from these sources produce numerous geochemical anomalies which are not necessarily associated with significant mineralization.</p><p>R-mode factor analysis provides a means of distinguishing between element associations related to lithology and those related to possible mineralization. Factor analysis applied to the multi-element data from the southern Killik River quadrangle resulted in the discovery of two additional Zn-Pb-Ag mineral occurrences of considerable areal extent which are 80–100 km east of any previously known deposit. These have been informally named the Kady and Vidlee. Several lithogeochemical element associations, or factors, and three factors which represent sulfide mineralization were identified: Ag-Pb-Zn (galena and sphalerite) and Fe-Ni-Co-Cu (pyrite ± chalcopyrite) in the concentrate samples and Cd-Zn-Pb-As-Mn in the sediment samples. The distribution of high scores for each individual mineralization factor outlined several relatively large (200–250 km<sup>2</sup>) geochemically favorable areas. When the distribution of high scores for all three factors were superimposed, samples characterized by high scores for one or both of the concentrate mineralization factors<span>&nbsp;</span><i>and</i><span>&nbsp;</span>the mineralization factor in sediments define basin areas of approximately 48 and 64 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>surrounding Kady and Vidlee, respectively.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(92)90028-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., and Kelley, D.L., 1992, Reconnaissance exploration geochemistry in the central Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Implications for exploration of sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 42, no. 2-3, p. 273-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(92)90028-7.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a96d6e4b0c8380cd821f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, D. L.","contributorId":40976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017294,"text":"70017294 - 1992 - Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:16:01.385611","indexId":"70017294","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":842,"text":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite","docAbstract":"The failure process in a brittle granite was studied by using acoustic emission techniques to obtain three dimensional locations of the microfracturing events. During a creep experiment the nucleation of faulting coincided with the onset of tertiary creep, but the development of the fault could not be followed because the failure occurred catastrophically. A technique has been developed that enables the failure process to be stabilized by controlling the axial stress to maintain a constant acoustic emission rate. As a result the post-failure stress-strain curve has been followed quasi-statically, extending to hours the fault growth process that normally would occur violently in a fraction of a second. The results from the rate-controlled experiments show that the fault plane nucleated at a point on the sample surface after the stress-strain curve reached its peak. Before nucleation, the microcrack growth was distributed throughout the sample. The fault plane then grew outward from the nucleation site and was accompanied by a gradual drop in stress. Acoustic emission locations showed that the fault propagated as a fracture front (process zone) with dimensions of 1 to 3 cm. As the fracture front passed by a given fixed point on the fault plane, the subsequent acoustic emission would drop. When growth was allowed to progress until the fault bisected the sample, the stress dropped to the frictional strength. These observations are in accord with the behavior predicted by Rudnicki and Rice's bifurcation analysis but conflict with experiments used to infer that shear localization would occur in brittle rock while the material is still hardening.","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Material Instabilities in conjunction with the 22nd Midwestern Mechanics Conference","conferenceDate":"Oct 1, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Rolla, MS","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","doi":"10.1115/1.3121387","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D.A., and Byerlee, J.D., 1992, Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite: Applied Mechanics Reviews, v. 45, no. 3S, p. S165-S173, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3121387.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S165","endPage":"S173","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f19e4b0c8380cd53772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, James D.","contributorId":26455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017311,"text":"70017311 - 1992 - Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017311","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Cores of lake sediment to a depth of 334 m in the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, northern California, document the late Cenozoic paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic history of the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The cores have been dated by radiometric, tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic analyses. Lacustrine diatoms are abundant throughout the record and document a nearly continuous paleolimnologic history of the Tule Lake basin for the last 3 Myr. During most of this time, this basin (Tule Lake) was a relatively deep, extensive lake. Except for a drier (and cooler?) interval recorded by Fragilaria species about 2.4 Ma, the Pliocene is characterized by a dominance of planktonic Aulacoseira solida implying a warm monomictic lake under a climatic regime of low seasonality. Much of the Pleistocene is dominated by Stephanodiscus and Fragilaria species suggesting a cooler, often drier, and highly variable climate. Benthic diatoms typical of alkaline-enriched saline waters commonly appear after 1.0 Ma, and tephrochronology indicates slow deposition and possible hiatuses between about 0.6 and 0.2 Ma. The chronology of even-numbered oxygen isotope stages approximately matches fluctuations in the abundance of Fragilaria since 800 ka indicating that glacial periods were expressed as drier environments at Tule Lake. Glacial and interglacial environments since 150 ka were distinct from, and more variable than, those occurring earlier. The last full glacial period was very dry, but shortly thereafter Tule Lake became a deep, cool lacustrine system indicating a substantial increase in precipitation. Aulacoseira ambigua characterized the latest glacial and Holocene record of Tule Lake. Its distribution indicates that warmer and wetter climates began about 15 ka in this part of the Great Basin. Diatom concentration fluctuates at 41 000 year intervals between 3.0 and 2.5 Ma and at approximately 100 000 year intervals after 1.0 Ma. In the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, Aulacoseira solida percentages wax and wane in an approximately 400 000 year cycle. The possible response of Tule Lake diatom communities to orbitally-induced insolation cycles underscores the importance of this record for the study of late Cenozoic paleoclimate change. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00193541","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1992, Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA: Climate Dynamics, v. 6, no. 3-4, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c5e4b0c8380cd66d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017290,"text":"70017290 - 1992 - Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T12:00:14.50575","indexId":"70017290","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reduction of uranium by <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i>","title":"Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","docAbstract":"<p>The possibility that sulfate-reducing microorganisms contribute to U(VI) reduction in sedimentary environments was investigated. U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) when washed cells of sulfate-grown <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> were suspended in a bicarbonate buffer with lactate or H2 as the electron donor. There was no U(VI) reduction in the absence of an electron donor or when the cells were killed by heat prior to the incubation. The rates of U(VI) reduction were comparable to those in respiratory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Azide or prior exposure of the cells to air did not affect the ability of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> to reduce U(VI). Attempts to grow <i>D. desulfuricans</i> with U(VI) as the electron acceptor were unsuccessful. U(VI) reduction resulted in the extracellular precipitation of the U(IV) mineral uraninite. The presence of sulfate had no effect on the rate of U(VI) reduction. Sulfate and U(VI) were reduced simultaneously. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) by <i>D. desulfuricans</i> was much faster than nonenzymatic reduction of U(VI) by sulfide, even when cells of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> were added to provide a potential catalytic surface for the nonenzymatic reaction. The results indicate that enzymatic U(VI) reduction by sulfate-reducing microorganisms may be responsible for the accumulation of U(IV) in sulfidogenic environments. Furthermore, since the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) precipitates uranium from solution, <i>D. desulfuricans</i> might be a useful organisms for recovering uranium from contaminated waters and waste streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 850-856, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e7e4b0e8fec6cdba10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014908,"text":"1014908 - 1992 - Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:10:41.019572","indexId":"1014908","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Faecal samples were collected from wild birds frequenting salmonid fish hatcheries to determine if birds excrete infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in their faeces. Samples were collected from early June through early September. IPN virus was detected in faeces from herons, mallards, and other birds at titres similar to the titres found in the hatchery fish. Bird predation and virus prevalence in bird faeces was much reduced at a hatchery using electric fence barriers to deter birds and at a hatchery where the entire raceway area was enclosed by netting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1992, Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds: Aquaculture, v. 106, no. 3/4, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017331,"text":"70017331 - 1992 - Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017331","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations","docAbstract":"Models of buildings that illustrate dynamic resonance behavior when excited by hand are designed and built. Two types of buildings are considered, one with columns stronger than floors, the other with columns weaker than floors. Combinations and variations of these two types are possible. Floor masses and column stiffnesses are chosen in order that the frequency of the second mode is approximately five cycles per second, so that first and second modes can be excited manually. The models are expected to be resonated by hand by schoolchildren or persons unfamiliar with the dynamic resonant response of tall buildings, to gain an understanding of structural behavior during earthquakes. Among other things, this experience will develop a level of confidence in the builder and experimenter should they be in a high-rise building during an earthquake, sensing both these resonances and other violent shaking.","largerWorkTitle":"NIST Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 24th Joint Meeting on Wind and Seismic Effects","conferenceLocation":"Gaithersburg, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Natl Inst of Standards & Technology","publisherLocation":"Gaithersburg, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.G., 1992, Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations, <i>in</i> NIST Special Publication, no. 843, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, p. 435-443.","startPage":"435","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"843","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff49e4b0c8380cd4f0f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017270,"text":"70017270 - 1992 - Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:16:50.666082","indexId":"70017270","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Brine seepage into the Dolores River from ground water in Paradox Valley, Colorado constitutes a major source of salt to the Colorado River. Plants are enderway to remove this source of salt by drawing down the Paradox Valley brine (PVB) and forcibly injecting it into a deep disposal well (4.8 km). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of deep-well injection of PVB. The results show that PVB is near saturation with anhydrite at 25°C, and that heating results in anhydrite precipitation. The amount and the rate at which anhydrite forms is temperature, pressure, and substrate dependent. Paradox Valley brine heated in the presence of Precambrian rocks from the drill core produces the same amount of anhydrite as PVB heated alone, but at a greatly accelerated rate. A 30% dilution of PVB with Dolores River water completely eliminates anhydrite precipitation when the fluid is heated with the Precambrian rocks. Interaction of PVB and Leadville Limestone is characterized by dolomitization of calcite by brine Mg which releases Ca to solution. This added Ca reacts with SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to form increased amounts of anhydrite. A 20% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water has no effect on dolomitization and reduces the amount of anhydrite only slightly. A 65% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water still does not prevent dolomitization but does suppress anhydrite formation. Computer modeling of PVB by programs utilizing the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters is in general agreement with the experimental results. Ion-activity products calculated by both SOLMINEQ and PHRQPITZ are close to equilibrium with both anhydrite and dolomite whenever these phases are present experimentally, although the calculations over-estimate by a factor of 2 the degree of saturation. Some discrepancies in the calculated results between the two programs are due largely to differences in mineral solubility data.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Kharaka, Y., 1992, Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3, p. 273-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1624e4b0c8380cd5506c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017329,"text":"70017329 - 1992 - Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:18:04","indexId":"70017329","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a municipal wastewater treatment plant were the largest sources of nutrients to the river during low river flow. The Sutter and Colusa agricultural drains contributed about 70% of the transport of DIN and DRP by the river above Sacramento (about 20% of the total transport by the river) between August 8 and September 26, 1985. Further downstream, the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant discharged DIN and DRP at rates that were roughly 70% of total DIN and DRP transport by the river at that time. Concentrations at Rio Vista on the tidal river below the Sacramento plant and at the head of the estuary were related to the reciprocals of the river flows, indicating the importance of dilution of the Sacramento waste by river flows. During very dry years, elevated DIN and DRP concentrations were observed in Suisun Bay. We used a steady-state, one-dimensional, single-compartment box model of the bay, incorporating terms for advection, exchange, and waste input, to calculate a residual rate for all processes not included in the model. We found that the residual for DIN was related to concentrations of chlorophyll<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Chl<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i>). The residual for DRP was also related to Chl<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at high concentrations of Chl<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i>, but showed significant losses of DRP at low Chl<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations. These losses were typically equivalent to about 80% of the wastewater input rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352708","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Hager, S., and Schemel, L., 1992, Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 15, no. 1, p. 40-52, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352708.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02690060"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.52365112304688,\n              37.40943717748788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64886474609375,\n              37.40943717748788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64886474609375,\n              38.190704293996504\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52365112304688,\n              38.190704293996504\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52365112304688,\n              37.40943717748788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9388e4b08c986b31a53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017267,"text":"70017267 - 1992 - Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T10:00:07","indexId":"70017267","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping","docAbstract":"Analytical interferences were observed during the determination of organic compounds in groundwater samples preserved with mercuric chloride. The nature of the interference was different depending on the analytical isolation technique employed. (1) Water samples extracted with dichloromethane by continuous liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed a broad HgCl2 'peak' eluting over a 3-5-min span which interfered with the determination of coeluting organic analytes. Substitution of CLLE for separatory funnel extraction in EPA method 508 also resulted in analytical interferences from the use of HgCl2 preservative. (2) Mercuric chloride was purged, along with organic contaminants, during closed-loop stripping (CLS) of groundwater samples and absorbed onto the activated charcoal trap. Competitive sorption of the HgCl2 by the trap appeared to contribute to the observed poor recoveries for spiked organic contaminants. The HgCl2 was not displaced from the charcoal with the dichloromethane elution solvent and required strong nitric acid to achieve rapid, complete displacement. Similar competitive sorption mechanisms might also occur in other purge and trap methods when this preservative is used.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00031a004","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Zaugg, S., Falres, L., Werner, M., Leiker, T., and Rogerson, P., 1992, Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1307-1312, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00031a004"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb68e4b0c8380cd48da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falres, L.M.","contributorId":34661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falres","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, M.G.","contributorId":47400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogerson, P.F.","contributorId":84087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogerson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017132,"text":"70017132 - 1992 - Influence of environmental factors on denitrification in sediment contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T12:06:08.414272","indexId":"70017132","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of environmental factors on denitrification in sediment contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In 1975, the loss of approximately 83,000 gallons of JP-4 grade jet fuel resulted in contamination of the shallow aquifer near North Charleston, South Carolina. To identify those factors likely to influence microbial activity under denitrifying conditions, we examined the fate of amended NO<sub>3</sub>, the effect of pH, NO<sub>3</sub>, and PO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>on denitrification, and the variability of denitrification in sediments collected at the site. Denitrification (N<sub>2</sub>O-N production) accounted for 98% of the depletion of NO<sub>3</sub>-N under anaerobic conditions. Both carbon mineralization and denitrification rates increased asymptotically with increasing NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to a maximum at approximately 1 mM NO<sub>3</sub>. Addition of up to 1 mM PO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>did not significantly increase N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>production. Denitrification rates were at least 38% lower at<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>p</sub>H = 4 than observed at<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>p</sub>H = 7. Comparison of samples with differing degrees of hydrocarbon contamination indicated that at least a tenfold variation in sediment denitrification occurs at the North Charleston site.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01566.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Aelion, C., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1992, Influence of environmental factors on denitrification in sediment contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 843-848, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01566.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"848","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b30e4b0c8380cd622d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aelion, C. Marjorie","contributorId":66424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aelion","given":"C. Marjorie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":375514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008642,"text":"1008642 - 1992 - Power of sign surveys to monitor population trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:47:00","indexId":"1008642","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Power of sign surveys to monitor population trend","docAbstract":"<p><span>The urgent need for an effective monitoring scheme for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations led us to investigate the effort required to detect changes in populations of low—density dispersed animals, using sign (mainly scats and tracks) they leave on trails. We surveyed trails in Glacier National Park for bear tracks and scats during five consecutive years. Using these data, we modeled the occurrence of bear sign on trails, then estimated the power of various sampling schemes. Specifically, we explored the power of bear sign surveys to detect a 20% decline in sign occurrence. Realistic sampling schemes appear feasible if the density of sign is high enough, and we provide guidelines for designs with adequate replication to monitor long—term trends of dispersed populations using sign occurrences on trails.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941877","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K.C., Metzgar, L.H., Patterson, D.A., and Steele, B.M., 1992, Power of sign surveys to monitor population trend: Ecological Applications, v. 2, no. 4, p. 422-430, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941877.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzgar, Lee H.","contributorId":39325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzgar","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, David A.","contributorId":175326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36482,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steele, Brian M.","contributorId":175327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steele","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017299,"text":"70017299 - 1992 - Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:59:14","indexId":"70017299","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe","docAbstract":"Bioassays were carried out to assess the response of inoculated, single-species diatom populations (Cyclotella meneghiniana and Aulocosiera italica) to additions of synthetic chelators and phosphate. A chemical speciation model along with the field data was also used to predict how trace metal speciation, and hence bioavailability, was affected by the chelator additions. Results suggest that phosphate was limiting to phytoplankton biomass. Other solutes, Fe in particular, may also exert controls on biomass. Nitrate limitation seems less likely, although Fe-limiting conditions may have led to an effective N limitation because algae require Fe to carry out nitrate reduction. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f92-136","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., Kuwabara, J., and Pasilis, S., 1992, Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1206-1215, https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-136.","startPage":"1206","endPage":"1215","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269548,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-136"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7896e4b0c8380cd78728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pasilis, S.P.","contributorId":26082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasilis","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"<p>The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and FeF<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.</p><p>Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF<sub>3</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub>, and CaF<sub>2</sub>, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1017359,"text":"1017359 - 1992 - The roles of food quality and quantity for desert tortoises: Perspectives on growth of individuals and populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:20:25.908916","indexId":"1017359","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":749,"text":"American Zoologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roles of food quality and quantity for desert tortoises: Perspectives on growth of individuals and populations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","usgsCitation":"Tracy, C., Esque, T., Peterson, C., DeFalco, L., and Zimmerman, L., 1992, The roles of food quality and quantity for desert tortoises: Perspectives on growth of individuals and populations: American Zoologist, v. 32, no. 5, p. 97A-97A.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"97A","endPage":"97A","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414055,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/32.5.1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, C.","contributorId":61000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.C.","contributorId":55784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}