{"pageNumber":"4257","pageRowStart":"106400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165928,"records":[{"id":70206764,"text":"70206764 - 1988 - Age of native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T11:33:38","indexId":"70206764","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-21T11:20:13","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>Amygdaloidal flood basalts and conglomerates are the host for substantial deposits of native copper within the Portage Lake Volcanics in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan. A wide variety of gangue minerals are associated with the regional hydrothermal alteration-mineralization event. Application of the Rb-Sr method to amygdule-filling microcline, calcite, epidote, and chlorite suggests an age of mineralization between 1,060 and 1,047 m.y. (+ or - [asymp] 20 m.y.). These results are supported by a fission track age on epidote of 1,044 + or - 169 m.y. The age of native copper mineralization determined in this study is consistent with geologic evidence which suggests that mineralization postdated the deposition of most or all of the overlying Freda Sandstone. Variable initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>&nbsp;Sr/&nbsp;</span><sup>86</sup><span>&nbsp;Sr ratios between the low Rb/Sr phases suggest mixing of isotopically distinct sources of Sr during the generation and equilibration of the hydrothermal solutions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society if Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.3.619","usgsCitation":"Bornhorst, T.J., Paces, J.B., Grant, N.K., Obradovich, J., and Huber, N.K., 1988, Age of native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 3, p. 619-625, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.3.619.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"625","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Keweenaw Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.92608642578125,\n              47.15797242686648\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.38226318359375,\n              46.9052455464292\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47039794921874,\n              47.42251265435723\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              47.69682297134991\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92608642578125,\n              47.15797242686648\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bornhorst, Theodore J.","contributorId":68375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bornhorst","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, Norman K.","contributorId":220769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obradovich, J.","contributorId":53953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huber, N. King","contributorId":51284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"King","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207082,"text":"70207082 - 1988 -  Magmatic heat and the El Niño cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:59:13","indexId":"70207082","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-08T13:49:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Magmatic heat and the El Niño cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large submarine lava flows with apparent volumes exceeding 10 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;have recently been imaged on the deep ocean floor in various parts of the Pacific by means of GLORIA and SeaMarc side‐looking sonar surveys. Such flows may produce thermal anomalies large enough to perturb the cyclic processes of the ocean and could be a factor in the genesis of El Niño phenomena. We find that known volume rates of mid‐ocean magma production could generate repetitive thermal anomalies as large as 10% of the average El Niño sea surface anomaly at intervals of about 5 years (the mean interval of El Niño events between 1935 and 1984). Likewise, estimated rates of eruption, cooling of lava on the seafloor, and transfer of heat to the near‐surface environment could reasonably produce a thermal anomaly comparable to that associated with El Niño. Larger magmatic events, associated with fluctuations in the total magmatic power and seismicity along the East Pacific Rise, are possible at longer intervals and may explain the extreme size of some El Niño events, such as that of 1982–1983. ©1988. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/88EO01176","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., and Moore, J., 1988,  Magmatic heat and the El Niño cycle: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 69, no. 45, p. 1553-1565, https://doi.org/10.1029/88EO01176.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1553","endPage":"1565","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200578,"text":"70200578 - 1988 - Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:16:58","indexId":"70200578","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T13:16:16","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5770,"text":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 6845 ± 50 BP climactic eruption of Mount Mazama discharged 47 ± 9 km</span><span class=\"sup\">3</span><span>&nbsp;of vertically zoned calc-alkaline magma, affording a virtually complete section through the chamber. Evidence for two andesitic parents with different trace-element (particularly Sr) and water contents is preserved in the ejecta. Prior to eruption, a dominant volume of rhyodacite was underlain successively by high-Sr andesite, high-Sr crystal mushes, and low-Sr crystal mushes. Intergranular liquids in the high-Sr magmas were probably richer in water than those in the low-Sr magmas. Thermal continuity throughout the ejecta favours eruption from a single, zoned reservoir. Insight into chamber development is given by preclimactic rhyodacitic lavas and tephra erupted between about 30,000 BP and the climactic eruption. The oldest of these lavas, contaminated derivatives of low-Sr magma, contain crystal-poor magmatic inclusions of low-Sr andesite; the youngest has inclusions of high-Sr andesite and, like rhyodacitic pumice in the climactic ejecta, is hybrid magma containing an admixed high-Sr component. A model for steady-state growth of the chamber is inferred whereby repeated recharge, first by low-Sr then high-Sr andesite (± basalt), builds up a cumulate succession, while derivative liquid fractionates convectively, segregates, and mixes with an incrementally growing silicic volume. The magma chamber at Mount Mazama may provide insight into the evolution of some granitoid plutons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Edinburgh","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300014280","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., and Bacon, C.R., 1988, Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 79, no. 2-3, p. 289-297, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014280.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"79","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113000e4b034bf6a824ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122682,"text":"70122682 - 1988 - Antler anomalies in tule elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-12T11:26:50.756469","indexId":"70122682","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T11:54:32","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antler anomalies in tule elk","docAbstract":"Antler anomalies were evident in tule elk (<i>Cervus elaphus nannodes</i>) within 1 yr of reintroduction to Point Reyes, California (USA). These anomalies are consistent with previously described mineral deficiency-induced anomalies in cervids. The elk were judged deficient in copper. Low levels of copper in soils and vegetation at the release site, exacerbated by possible protein deficiency due to poor range conditions, are postulated as likely causes of the antler anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.656","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P., Jessup, D., and Barrett, R.H., 1988, Antler anomalies in tule elk: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 24, no. 4, p. 656-662, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.656.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"662","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.656","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0c8e4b01f35f8fd691d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, Peter J.P.","contributorId":91205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":43206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, Reginald H.","contributorId":48261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170548,"text":"70170548 - 1988 - Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:24:20","indexId":"70170548","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"<p>Research on microbial degradation of crude oil in the shallow subsurface at a spill site near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), began in 1983 (Hull, 1984; Chang and Ehrlich, 1984). The rate and extent of crude oil and model hydrocarbon biodegradation by the indigenous microbial community was measured in the laboratory at several concentrations of inorganic nutrients, conditions of oxygen availability, incubation temperatures, and incubation time.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Chang, F., Noben, N., Brand, D., and Hult, M.F., 1988, Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. C33-C42.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"C33","endPage":"C42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fd3e4b071321fe56a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Fu-Hsian","contributorId":168848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Fu-Hsian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noben, N.N.","contributorId":168849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noben","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Danny","contributorId":168884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014373,"text":"70014373 - 1988 - Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:21:01.689054","indexId":"70014373","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies","docAbstract":"<p>Azaarenes or aromatic nitrogen heterocycles are a class of compounds found in wood-preservative wastes containing creosote. The fate and movement of these compounds in contaminated aquifers is not well understood. Water-quality studies in an aquifer contaminated with creosote near Pensacola, Florida, indicated that ground water was contaminated with several azaarenes and their oxygenated and alkylated derivatives, suggesting that these oxygenated compounds may be products of microbial transformation reactions. Accordingly, laboratory studies were designed to investigate the fate of these compounds. </p><p>Under aerobic conditions, soil pseudomonads isolated from creosote-contaminated soil converted quinoline to 2(1H)quinoline that subsequently was degraded to unknown products. A methanogenic consortium isolated from an anaerobic sewage digestor, in presence of ground-water and creosote-contaminated soil, converted quinoline, isoquinoline, and 4-methylquinoline to their respective oxygenated analogs. In addition, N-, C-, and O-methylated analogs of oxygenated azaarenes were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in aerobic cultures. Under the experimental conditions, 2-methylquinoline was biorefractory. Presence of similar biotransformation products in anaerobic cultures and contaminated ground water from the Pensacola site provided further evidence that these compounds indeed were mivrobial transformation products. </p><p>Stable isotope labeling studies indicated that the source of the oxygen atom for this hydroxylation reaction under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was water. A mechanism was proposed for this hydroxylation reaction. Whereas parent azaarenes are biodegradable in both anaerobic and aerobic zones, oxygenated and alkylated analogs are more biorefractory and, hence, persistent in anaerobic zones of contaminated aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wst.1988.0261","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., Updegraff, D., and Bennett, J., 1988, Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies: Water Science and Technology, v. 20, no. 11-12, p. 17-23, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0261.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225440,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5662e4b0c8380cd6d567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Updegraff, D.M.","contributorId":13251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updegraff","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, J.L.","contributorId":101004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175823,"text":"70175823 - 1988 - Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:01:08","indexId":"70175823","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-25T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Water Use Data for Water Resources Management","conferenceDate":"August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Trotta, L.C., 1988, Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota, Symposium on Water Use Data for Water Resources Management, Bethesda, Maryland, August 1988, p. 93-105.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":63410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trotta","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220617,"text":"5220617 - 1988 - Distribution patterns of American black duck and mallard winter band recoveries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:08:51.101711","indexId":"5220617","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of American black duck and mallard winter band recoveries","docAbstract":"<p>We compared the distribution patterns of winter band recoveries of American black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) and mallards (<i>A. platyrhynchos</i>) banded in the same breeding areas. Young black ducks wintered northeast of young mallards but no differences in distribution patterns were detected between adult birds of the 2 species. Mallards exhibited greater temporal variation in distribution patterns and less fidelity to wintering areas. We speculate that these differences in distribution patterns are related to different behavioral responses by mallards and black ducks to variation in resource availability. Black ducks may reduce energy expenditure during periods of extreme cold and wait for conditions to improve, whereas mallards may migrate to areas that are warmer of where more food is available. The availability of quality habitat may be critical to the survival of black ducks during harsh weather conditions because of their relative lack of migrational flexibility, whereas mallards may be able to respond by migrating to favorable environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800934","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1988, Distribution patterns of American black duck and mallard winter band recoveries: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 4, p. 704-710, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800934.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"710","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.71819436753759,\n              48.27095165755358\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71819436753759,\n              30.566676124744305\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.32346489473262,\n              30.566676124744305\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.32346489473262,\n              48.27095165755358\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71819436753759,\n              48.27095165755358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220012,"text":"5220012 - 1988 - Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T20:27:07.329993","indexId":"5220012","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>Waterfowl wintering on the Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) were contaminated (ltoreq 4 ppm wet wt) with dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), but residues were below levels known to affect waterfowl. Eggs of some nesting waterbirds contained higher than expected levels of DDE, especially those of green-backed herons (<i>Butorides striatus</i>), ranging up to 43 ppm wet weight. Hatching success (P &lt; 0.05) and eggshell thickness (P &lt; 0.05) in green-backed herons and anhingas (<i>Anhinga anhinga</i>) were negatively correlated with DDE in the eggs, and shell thinning (P &lt; 0.05) was evident 12-13 years after DDT was banned in the United States. The threshold level of DDE determined necessary for reduced hatching success in green-backed heron eggs was 5.1-10 ppm wet weight. These results further increase our ability to interpret DDE concentrations in waterbirds and predict their potential effects on productivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800937","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Fleming, W.J., and Ensor, K.L., 1988, Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 4, p. 724-729, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800937.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"729","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.02638684723075,\n              33.11576951729235\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.02638684723075,\n              33.03579250910256\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.96596204254341,\n              33.03579250910256\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.96596204254341,\n              33.11576951729235\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.02638684723075,\n              33.11576951729235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ensor, Keren L.","contributorId":12142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensor","given":"Keren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220013,"text":"5220013 - 1988 - Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:01:59.599159","indexId":"5220013","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks","docAbstract":"<p>We used an experimental aerial transect survey with stratified random sampling, to estimate the size of the population of wintering black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) in coastal New Jersey during 2 winters, and the coastal Atlantic Flyway (Me. to S.C.) during 4 years. Population estimates were precise (CV &lt; 0.20) on a flyway basis, whereas individual strata (states) had coefficients of variation of 0.16-0.71. Population estimates agreed with the conventional mid-winter waterfowl surveys (MWS) for all 4 years (MWS within 95% CI of N). We recommend continuing these surveys to provide precise and statistically defensible population estimates for black ducks. Additional improvements in precision may be achieved using recent developments in estimation such as Bayesian techniques. Techniques to decrease bias through air-ground comparisons are likely to be expensive and will require more development. Air-ground comparisons can probably be justified if there is a demonstrable need for an estimate of the absolute size of the black duck population versus an index.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800933","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M.J., Goldsberry, J.R., Hines, J., and Stotts, D.B., 1988, Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 4, p. 694-703, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800933.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"694","endPage":"703","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.28059782204323,\n              41.94554675096802\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37005771720551,\n              37.625359852846636\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.56088460563839,\n              32.54462509667418\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.18371114499031,\n              36.41785343887551\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7038881374831,\n              48.07883651639415\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.28059782204323,\n              41.94554675096802\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":331194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsberry, James R.","contributorId":23814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70122648,"text":"70122648 - 1988 - Guidance for modeling causes and effects in environmental problem solving","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T10:04:40","indexId":"70122648","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T09:58:37","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Guidance for modeling causes and effects in environmental problem solving","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental problems are difficult to solve because their causes and effects are not easily understood.  When attempts are made to analyze causes and effects, the principal challenge is organization of information into a framework that is logical, technically defensible, and easy to understand and communicate.  When decisionmakers attempt to solve complex problems before an adequate cause and effect analysis is performed there are serious risks.  These risks include: greater reliance on subjective reasoning, lessened chance for scoping an effective problem solving approach, impaired recognition of the need for supplemental information to attain understanding, increased chance for making unsound decisions, and lessened chance for gaining approval and financial support for a program/</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Cause and effect relationships can be modeled.  This type of modeling has been applied to various environmental problems, including cumulative impact assessment (Dames and Moore 1981; Meehan and Weber 1985; Williamson et al. 1987; Raley et al. 1988) and evaluation of effects of quarrying (Sheate 1986).  This guidance for field users was written because of the current interest in documenting cause-effect logic as a part of ecological problem solving.  Principal literature sources relating to the modeling approach are: Riggs and Inouye (1975a, b), Erickson (1981), and United States Office of Personnel Management (1986).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Armour, C.L., and Williamson, S.C., 1988, Guidance for modeling causes and effects in environmental problem solving, v. 89, no. 4, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0d7e4b01f35f8fd698d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armour, Carl L.","contributorId":16499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armour","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Samuel C.","contributorId":23080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014463,"text":"70014463 - 1988 - Midplate seismicity exterior to former rift-basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:43:54.930904","indexId":"70014463","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midplate seismicity exterior to former rift-basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Midplate seismicity associated with some former rift-zones is distributed diffusely near, but exterior to, the rift basins. This “basin-exterior” seismicity cannot be attributed to reactivation of major basin-border faults on which upper-crustal extension was concentrated at the time of rifting, because the border faults dip beneath the basins. The seismicity may nonetheless represent reactivation of minor faults that were active at the time of rifting but that were located outside of the principal zones of upper-crustal extension; the occurrence of basin-exterior seismicity in some present-day rift-zones supports the existence of such minor basin-exterior faults. Other hypotheses for seismicity exterior to former rift-basins are that the seismicity reflects lobes of high stress due to lithospheric-bending that is centered on the axis of the rift, that the seismicity is localized on the exteriors of rift-basins by basin-interiors that are less deformable in the current epoch than the basin exteriors, and that seismicity is localized on the basin-exteriors by the concentration of tectonic stress in the highly elastic basin-exterior upper-crust. All of the hypotheses considered here appeal to the presence of a rift zone to explain the characteristics of the basin-exterior seismicity, but the hypotheses differ in their implications for the seismic risk of former rift-zones and in their implications for the causes of midplate earthquakes in general.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.213","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Dewey, J.W., 1988, Midplate seismicity exterior to former rift-basins: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 213-218, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.213.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"218","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56eee4b0c8380cd6d918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewey, James W. 0000-0001-8838-2450 jdewey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-2450","contributorId":5819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","email":"jdewey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013736,"text":"70013736 - 1988 - Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:57:42.82636","indexId":"70013736","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic-reflection profiles across part of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri show a faulted and structurally complex zone, originally known as Charlie’s ridge but herein renamed Blytheville arch, which is about 10 to 15 km wide and about 110 km long. Several exploratory drill holes in the arch penetrate Upper and possibly Middle Cambrian formations directly below Cretaceous rocks, whereas drill holes off the arch penetrate the Cambrian and Ordovician Knox and Arbuckle Groups equivalents and possibly younger Paleozoic rocks below the Cretaceous; therefore, the pre-Cretaceous rocks in the arch are structurally high. Most earthquakes in the northeast-trending segment of the New Madrid seismic zone along the axis of the Reelfoot rift occur along the arch. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the trend show right-lateral, strike-slip movement. Epicenters in the northeastern part of the seismic trend between Caruthersville, MO, and Blytheville, AR, are spatially less dispersed than those to the southwest between Blytheville and Marked Tree, AR. Most of the hypocenters to the northeast cluster between 6 to 12 km deep, whereas those to the southwest range from near the surface to about 15 km deep. Earthquakes in the northeast part of the seismic trend are concentrated along a fault zone under the arch, whereas those to the southwest are more dispersed under the arch. A seismic trend that extends south-southwest from near Charleston, MO, projects to the northwest side of the ridge near Blytheville, where the seismicity changes character and the southeast boundary of the arch trends more easterly. The relationship between the structural boundaries of the arch and the seismicity may establish the extent of part of New Madrid seismicity and improve the basis for seismic hazard assessment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.117","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, R.M., and McKeown, F.A., 1988, Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 117-121, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"121","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.62266103742384,\n              35.92282644599075\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60592036859272,\n              35.310149869745985\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.38566313092106,\n              36.2053838998349\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.69796912583067,\n              36.960955444757346\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.70703047773134,\n              36.41817623077918\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.62266103742384,\n              35.92282644599075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5be4b08c986b31d3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, R. M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014338,"text":"70014338 - 1988 - Seismicity in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:51:19.368016","indexId":"70014338","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity in South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>The largest historical earthquake in South Carolina, and in the southeastern US, occurred in the Coastal Plain province, probably northwest of Charleston, in 1886. Locations for aftershocks associated with this earthquake, estimated using intensities based on newspaper accounts, defined a northwest trending zone about 250 km long that was at least 100 km wide in the Coastal Plain but widened to a northeast trending zone in the Piedmont. The subsequent historical and instrumentally recorded seismicity in South Carolina images the 1886 aftershock zone. Except for a few scattered earthquakes and a swarm of shallow (≤ 4 km deep), small (</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span>&nbsp;≤ 2.5), primarily reverse faulting earthquakes that occurred along the flanks of a granite pluton about 60 km northwest of Columbia, the seismicity in the Piedmont province has been associated with water level changes in reservoirs. Reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) is shallow (≤ 6 km deep), primarily strike-slip or thrust faulting corresponding to an inferred maximum horizontal compressive stress oriented approximately&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;60° E. Instrumentally recorded seismicity in the Coastal Plain province occurs in 3 seismic zones or clusters: Middleton Place-Summerville (MPSSZ), Adams Run (ARC), and Bowman (BSZ). Approximately 68% of the Coastal Plain earthquakes occur in the MPSSZ, a north trending zone about 22 km long and 12 km wide, lying about 20 km northwest of Charleston. The hypocenters of MPSSZ earthquakes range in depth from near the surface to almost 12 km. Thrust, strike-slip, and some normal faulting are indicated by the fault plane solutions for Coastal Plain earthquakes. The maximum horizontal compressive stress, inferred from the P-axes of the fault plane solutions, is oriented NE-SW in the shallow crust (&lt; 9 km deep) but appears to be diffusely E-W between 9 to 12 km deep. Although there is localized variability, the current seismicity and associated faulting in South Carolina probably represent a regional response to the NE-SW maximum horizontal compressive stress prevalent throughout eastern North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., 1988, Seismicity in South Carolina: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 165-171, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.11119998356874,\n              35.01023290788176\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.31606862062566,\n              34.73773119477824\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24585743653857,\n              33.68055625183999\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25191560426644,\n              32.40101840790609\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.83242368941809,\n              32.078392275765026\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.49876867802588,\n              32.15921712319552\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.73480777221232,\n              33.28232451476005\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.59177906612226,\n              33.90139801811003\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65010123771732,\n              34.809047318434686\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.77875723907695,\n              34.835749705563\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.08742558870982,\n              35.1596579758138\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.29591995937459,\n              35.26068178662756\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.11119998356874,\n              35.01023290788176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b94e4b08c986b317942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014344,"text":"70014344 - 1988 - Evidence of land plant affinity for the Devonian fossil Protosalvinia (Foerstia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T16:30:36.16348","indexId":"70014344","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of land plant affinity for the Devonian fossil Protosalvinia (Foerstia)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Devonian plant fossil&nbsp;</span><i>Protosalvinia (Foerstia)</i><span>&nbsp;has been examined by solid-state&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS). Results of these studies reveal that the chemical structure of&nbsp;</span><i>Protosalvinia</i><span>&nbsp;is remarkably similar to that of coalified wood. A well-defined phenolic carbon peak in the NMR spectra and the appearance of phenol and alkylated phenols in pyrolysis products are clearly indicative of lignin-like compounds. These data represent significant new information on the chemical nature of&nbsp;</span><i>Protosalvinia</i><span>&nbsp;and provide the first substantial organic geochemical evidence for land plant affinity.&nbsp; Protosalvinia, Foerstia,&nbsp;</span><i>Upper Devonian, biostratigraphy, carbon-13 NMR, PY-GC-MS, lignin.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01772.x","issn":"00241164","usgsCitation":"Romankiw, L., Hatcher, P.G., and Roen, J., 1988, Evidence of land plant affinity for the Devonian fossil Protosalvinia (Foerstia): Lethaia, v. 21, no. 4, p. 417-423, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01772.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d64e4b0c8380cd52fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romankiw, L.A.","contributorId":85724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romankiw","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roen, J.B.","contributorId":85564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236865,"text":"70236865 - 1988 - AVIRIS data characteristics and their effects on spectral discrimination of rocks exposed in the Drum Mountains, Utah — Results of a preliminary study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:36:43.012697","indexId":"70236865","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-15T11:24:37","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"AVIRIS data characteristics and their effects on spectral discrimination of rocks exposed in the Drum Mountains, Utah — Results of a preliminary study","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings Of the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) performance evaluation workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Performance Evaluation Workshop","conferenceDate":"Jun 6-8, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Pasadena, CA","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Bailey, G., Dwyer, J.L., and Meyer, D.J., 1988, AVIRIS data characteristics and their effects on spectral discrimination of rocks exposed in the Drum Mountains, Utah — Results of a preliminary study, <i>in</i> Proceedings Of the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) performance evaluation workshop, Pasadena, CA, Jun 6-8, 1988, p. 109-121.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890012783","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Drum Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.16123962402344,\n              39.49609322494774\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.94013977050781,\n              39.49609322494774\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.94013977050781,\n              39.66808510414671\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.16123962402344,\n              39.66808510414671\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.16123962402344,\n              39.49609322494774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, G. B.","contributorId":105041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074645,"text":"70074645 - 1988 - The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T11:20:36","indexId":"70074645","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T13:20:17","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":93,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85(7.23)","title":"The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile","docAbstract":"<p>This profile, part of a series of profiles concerning coastal habitats of the United States, is a detailed examination of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game report (1979) entitled \"Protection and Restoration of San Francisco Bay Fish and Wildlife Habitat\" provides clear recognition of the importance of intertidal and subtidal soft-bottom habitats and their associated organisms to the bay's birds and fishes and to the overall functioning of the estuary. The purpose of this profile is to provide a description of the structure and functioning of the benthic community in San Francisco Bay (exclusive of its tidal marshes, which are discussed by M. Josselyn [1983] in another profile). The habitats covered in this volume include all nonvegetated soft-bottom intertidal and subtidal areas of the bay between the Golden Gate and the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to the northeast, and to the southern extremity of the bay.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The profile provides a reference to the scientific information concerning the animals and plants of the bay's benthic communities, their importance to the bay ecosystem, and their value as a resource measured in human terms. Because there have been few process-oriented studies of the benthos of San Francisco Bay (e.g., field and laboratory rate-measurement experiments), the material presented herein is largely descriptive. Nonetheless, we have described the processes that interconnect the various physical, chemical, and biological components of the benthic environment, and the important couplings between this environment and the water column above, with reference to research results from other estuaries where necessary. We consider the role of the benthic community as a food source for fish, aquatic birds, and humans; as a consumer or degrader of organic materials including wastes; as a recycler of minerals and nutrients; and as an accumulator of pollutants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Slidell, LA","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., and Pamatmat, M.M., 1988, The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85(7.23), xi, 73 p.","productDescription":"xi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281777,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/techrpt/85-7-23.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River;San Francisco Bay;San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.0,32.3 ], [ -126.0,49.0 ], [ -114.0,49.0 ], [ -114.0,32.3 ], [ -126.0,32.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd77bfe4b0b2908510bae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pamatmat, Mario M.","contributorId":91016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pamatmat","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122708,"text":"70122708 - 1988 - Conservation of North American rallids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T13:37:22","indexId":"70122708","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T13:19:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of North American rallids","docAbstract":"<p>The Rallidae are a diverse group in their habitat selection, yet most North American species occur in or near wetlands  As a consequence, most species are subject to habitat enhancement or perturbation from waterfowl management programs.  The overall effects of these management programs relative to rallid conservation have been assessed for few species, and there is a need for synthesis of such information.  In the cases of some species or raves, population status is not known, and suggested directions for conservation and management are needed.  Rare, endangered, or status undetermined species or races often occur in areas where related species are classified as game birds, and the effects of such hunting on rarer forms are not known.  Their generally secretive nature, the endangered status of several races and populations, and continued loss of habitat and threats to present habitat, warrant an examination of the conservation status of the North American taxa in this group.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In 1977, a committee of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies summarized available information on management and biology of American Coots (<i>Fulica americana</i>), rails, and gallinules in North America (Holliman 1977).  That summary was intended to provide relatively complete information on conservation of these species, and also to provide guidance for research within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) Accelerated Research Program for Webless Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds (ARP).  Subsequently, a number of rallid studies were funded under this program.  The program was eliminated in 1982, following substantial research activities on North American rallids.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Since the demise of the ARP, additional research on rallids in North America has focused on an area the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies report failed to cover in detail--that of endangered rallids in the U.S. and their possessions.  Most of these studies have been of threatened and endangered taxa in western coastal marshes.  This report updates and summarizes information on North American rallids since the ARP report and identifies the major conservation problems of this group with the intent of focusing future efforts on these priority issues.  Consideration of island forms occurring within U.S. possessions is beyond the scope of this report, mainly because of the special conservation problems associated with their insular distribution.  The major topics include habitat requirements, effects of habitat and hunting management techniques currently practiced on wetland areas, and conservation of endangered and threatened populations.  Research needs are identified.  Habitats of the American Coot are similar to those of several waterfowl species, and the biology of coots is considered only as it is typical of rails in general.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Eddleman, W.R., Knopf, F., Manley, B., Reid, F.A., and Zembal, R., 1988, Conservation of North American rallids: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 100, no. 3, p. 458-475.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0d1e4b01f35f8fd695e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddleman, William R.","contributorId":40685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manley, Brooke","contributorId":21474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Brooke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Frederic A.","contributorId":33235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zembal, Richard","contributorId":38482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zembal","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199720,"text":"70199720 - 1988 - Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:56:44","indexId":"70199720","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T10:56:24","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries","docAbstract":"<p>Whole-body samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) were analyzed to determine if the concentrations of any of nine elements were elevated as a result of exposure of the fish to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage water. Highest concentrations (μg/g dry weight) detected were as follows (first number in each pair applies to bluegills and the second to carp): arsenic (As), 0.97 and 1.5; boron (B), 14 and 20; cadmium (Cd), 0.14 and 0.27; chromium (Cr), 2.7 and 2.2; mercury (hg), 3.3 and 2.9; molybdenum (Mo), 2.8 and 3.6; nickel (Ni), 0.87 and 2.2; lead (Pb), 0.26 and 2.3; and selenium (Se), 3.2 and 5.5. The lowest concentrations were below the levels of detection, except for Hg (0.15 in bluegills and 0.12 in carp) and Se (0.43 and 0.56). As judged by comparisons with data from the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program and other published surveys, the concentrations of B, Hg, Mo, and Se were moderately elevated in fish from several sites in the San Joaquin Valley. However, only the Se concentrations were positively correlated with water quality variables (e.g., total alkalinity, conductivity, and turbidity) known to be influenced by irrigation return flows. Historical data from one site (Salt Slough), where trace elements in whole fish have been measured since 1969, indicated that Se concentrations increased more than twofold between 1973 and 1977, but thereafter remained near 3.0 μg g−1 (dry weight basis), presumably due to the continuing practice of disposing seleniferous tile drainage water into the most convenient stream channel. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(88)90138-6","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and May, T.W., 1988, Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries: Science of the Total Environment, v. 74, p. 199-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90138-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"74","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113001e4b034bf6a824ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":746322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195999,"text":"70195999 - 1988 - The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:15:56","indexId":"70195999","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hydraulic potentiomanometer described herein consists of a potentiometer connected to a manometer by a flexible tube. The device is used to directly measure the direction of seepage as well as the hydraulic-head difference between groundwater and surface water. The device works most effectively in sandy materials. For accurate measurements the device must be free of air leaks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., LaBaugh, J.W., and Rosenberry, D.O., 1988, The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1209-1214, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1214","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3379e4b0da30c1bfd903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014452,"text":"70014452 - 1988 - Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:17:28.744597","indexId":"70014452","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ferromanganese oxide crusts, which accumulate on unsedimented surfaces in the open ocean</span><sub>1–6</sub><span>, derive most of their metal content from dissolved and particulate matter in ambient bottom water</span><sup>7,8</sup><span>, in proportions modified by the variable scavenging efficiency of the oxide phase for susceptible ions</span><sup>9</sup><span>. They differ in this respect from abyssal nodules, much of whose metals are remobilized from host sediments. Here we present maps of cobalt concentration and inferred accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean. We propose that depletion of cobalt in Pacific crusts measures the location and intensity of submarine hydrothermal discharge. Use of the 'cobalt chronometer', an algorithm inversely relating cobalt content and crust growth rate, permits mapping of the accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts with only indirect recourse to radioactivity-based dating methods. These maps show that crusts in hydrothermal areas grow from two to more than four orders of magnitude faster than in the Central Pacific Ocean. Cobalt-enriched crusts are found where water masses are most isolated from continental-coastal and hydrothermal sources of metals, now and in the past. This relationship can resolve the problem of cobalt enrichment in crusts without recourse to hypotheses invoking special cobalt sources or enrichment mechanisms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/335059a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Lane-Bostwick, C., 1988, Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor: Nature, v. 335, no. 6185, p. 59-62, https://doi.org/10.1038/335059a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"335","issue":"6185","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f796e4b0c8380cd4cbc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane-Bostwick, C.M.","contributorId":90748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane-Bostwick","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199731,"text":"70199731 - 1988 - Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T13:03:33","indexId":"70199731","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T13:02:45","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Jumbo multiple plate samplers were suspended in a river at 0.3 and 1 m depth in one of three orientations: interplate spaces closed to downwelling light and open to flow, open to light and flow, or open to light and closed to flow. Mean numbers of colonizing taxa and individuals were not significantly different among orientations after eight weeks of submergence. All variables tested decreased significantly with depth. Mean number of taxa, number of individuals (1 m only), and insect diversity decreased between samplings at four and eight weeks for samplers that were closed to light and open to flow. All orientations, depths, and durations had one‐half to two‐thirds of the total taxa. Colonization was affected by location in the river and position on sampler suspension equipment. The results indicate lack of orientation effects on colonization or high variability that obscured such effects. The sampler suspension equipment possibly increased among‐sampler variability by forming artificial snag habitats, and interplate light and flow conditions at different orientations may not have been sufficiently distinct to elicit different biological responses. Individual samplers provided diverse microhabitats regardless of orientation, but it would be prudent to include orientation among the variables considered in use of multiple plate samplers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00929.x","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., Averert, R., and Kennelly, S., 1988, Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 24, no. 4, p. 781-789, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00929.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"789","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113001e4b034bf6a824cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, K. V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averert, R.C.","contributorId":208201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Averert","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennelly, S.S.","contributorId":75697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennelly","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5220729,"text":"5220729 - 1988 - Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:45:17.753448","indexId":"5220729","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>A simulation study was undertaken to assess the sampling stability of the variable loadings in linear discriminant function analysis. A factorial design was used for the factors of multivariate dimensionality, dispersion structure, configuration of group means, and sample size. A total of 32 400 discriminant analyses were conducted, based on data from simulated populations with appropriate underlying statistical distributions. Results from the simulations suggest that minimum sample sizes must exceed multivariate dimensionality by at least a factor of three to achieve reasonable levels of stability in discriminant function loadings. However, the requisite sample size would vary with respect to each of the design factors and, especially, with the overall amount of system variation. A review of 60 published studies and 142 individual analyses indicated that sample sizes in ecological studies often have met that requirement. However, individual group sample sizes frequently were very unequal, and checks of assumptions usually were not reported. We recommend that ecologists obtain group sample sizes that are at least three times as large as the number of variables measured.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941283","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., and Titus, K., 1988, Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis: Ecology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1275-1285, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46812","text":"External Repository"},{"id":198215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":207067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Kimberly","contributorId":149923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titus","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70234318,"text":"70234318 - 1988 - A broad-band, wide-dynamic range, strong-motion array near Parkheld, California, USA for measurement of acceleration and volumetric strain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-08T17:22:26.04864","indexId":"70234318","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T12:06:31","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A broad-band, wide-dynamic range, strong-motion array near Parkheld, California, USA for measurement of acceleration and volumetric strain","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, 1988","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"August 2-9, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Japan Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., Johnston, M.J., Noce, T., Glassmoyer, G., and Myren, D., 1988, A broad-band, wide-dynamic range, strong-motion array near Parkheld, California, USA for measurement of acceleration and volumetric strain, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, 1988, v. 8, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, August 2-9, 1988, p. 125-130.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/ninth_conf_Japan/#Volume%20VIII"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.52997589111327,\n              36.03549631945669\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4153060913086,\n              36.03549631945669\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4153060913086,\n              36.12706053949718\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52997589111327,\n              36.12706053949718\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52997589111327,\n              36.03549631945669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":848550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noce, Thomas","contributorId":39386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glassmoyer, Gary","contributorId":28619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myren, Douglas","contributorId":294675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myren","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70122681,"text":"70122681 - 1988 - User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T11:53:29","indexId":"70122681","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T11:53:02","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Muhlenbruck, J., Manci, K., and Schneller-McDonald, K., 1988, User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0f2e4b01f35f8fd6a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlenbruck, J.","contributorId":61756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlenbruck","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manci, K.M.","contributorId":24285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneller-McDonald, K.","contributorId":18279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneller-McDonald","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}