{"pageNumber":"4259","pageRowStart":"106450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70184259,"text":"70184259 - 1992 - Paleomagnetism and geochronology of 23 Ma gabbroic intrusions in the Keku Strait, Alaska, and implications for the Alexander Terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:43:49.181114","indexId":"70184259","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and geochronology of 23 Ma gabbroic intrusions in the Keku Strait, Alaska, and implications for the Alexander Terrane","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples of Tertiary gabbro from 24 sites in the Keku Strait, Alaska, help constrain the displacement history of the Alexander terrane. Step heating experiments on a plagioclase separate from these previously undated intrusions indicate a discordant </span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age of 23.1 ± 1.7 Ma. The characteristic magnetization resides in magnetite, is easily isolated by thermal and alternating field demagnetization, and has both normal and reversed polarities. The mean paleomagnetic pole, with no structural correction, is latitude 87.1°N, longitude 141.6°E, </span><i>A</i><sub>95</sub><span> = 10.1°, with N = 20 sites. This pole indicates insignificant tectonic displacement (0.5° ± 8.2° southward) and rotation (0.6° ± 15.2° counterclockwise). We therefore conclude that any northward displacement or vertical axis rotation of the Alexander terrane, and/or tilting in the vicinity of the Keku Strait must have occurred before 23 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92JB01360","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Coe, R.S., and Renne, P., 1992, Paleomagnetism and geochronology of 23 Ma gabbroic intrusions in the Keku Strait, Alaska, and implications for the Alexander Terrane: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B13, p. 19641-19649, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01360.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"19641","endPage":"19649","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Keku Strait, Port Camden","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -134,\n              56.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              56.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.61001234020634,\n              56.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.61001234020634,\n              56.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              56.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, Paul R.","contributorId":47680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000687,"text":"1000687 - 1992 - Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000687","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3102,"text":"Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The post-glacial coregonine assemblage in the Great Lakes included several species of the genera Prosopium and Coregonus.  Overfishing, habitat degradation, and competition with various exotic fish species severely reduced coregonine abundance and altered their distribution by the mid to latter part of the 20th century.  Most of the original Coregonus species, some which were endemic to the Great Lakes, are now extinct or are extremely rare.  The prevailing coregonines are mostly benthic and deep-water species, contrasted to the original assemblage dominated by pelagic, nearshore species.  Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations have recovered and now support record fisheries in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron.  Bloaters (C. hoyi) have recovered to dominate the planktivorous fish community in Lake Michigan and are rapidly increasing in Lake Huron.  The recent resurgence in some coregonine populations are linked to declines in exotic fish populations and favorable climatic changes.  The reduced diversity of the coregonines may explain the dominance of the remaining species.  The stability of this simplified coregonine community is uncertain but the existing coregonines have demonstrated resiliency.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, G.W., 1992, Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 247-259.","productDescription":"p. 247-259","startPage":"247","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f92fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000778,"text":"1000778 - 1992 - Acoustics as a tool for the assessment of Great Lakes forage fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:56:28","indexId":"1000778","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustics as a tool for the assessment of Great Lakes forage fishes","docAbstract":"Sharp reductions in forage fish populations in Lake Michigan have raised concerns about the continued ability of the forage stocks to support large populations of lake trout and other salmonid predators.  There was a need for a more comprehensive and accurate estimate of forage fish abundance and distribution to evaluate these concerns.  In response, cooperative diel surveys of the Lake Michigan forage species were conducted in late summer 1987 and spring 1989 with acoustics, midwater and bottom trawls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(92)90052-U","usgsCitation":"Argyle, R.L., 1992, Acoustics as a tool for the assessment of Great Lakes forage fishes: Fisheries Research, v. 14, no. 2-3, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(92)90052-U.","productDescription":"p. 179-196","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266680,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(92)90052-U"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182479,"text":"70182479 - 1992 - Interaction Assessment III. Predicting population-level impacts of toxicants and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:14:03","indexId":"70182479","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interaction Assessment III. Predicting population-level impacts of toxicants and pesticides","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","conferenceTitle":"ASTM Symposium","conferenceDate":"1991","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., 1992, Interaction Assessment III. Predicting population-level impacts of toxicants and pesticides, ASTM Symposium, 1991.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dae4b01ccd54fb280f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000804,"text":"1000804 - 1992 - Food of the alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of <i>Bythotrephes cederstroemi</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T09:24:10","indexId":"1000804","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food of the alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of <i>Bythotrephes cederstroemi</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diets and length&ndash;weight relationships of Lake Ontario alewife (</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>) in 1972 differed from those in 1988; the large cladoceran&nbsp;</span><i>Bythotrephes cederstroemi</i><span>&nbsp;colonized the lake during the mid-1980's. Micro-crustacean zooplankton were the dominant prey of alewife during April&ndash;October in 1972 and 1988. Although&nbsp;</span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span>&nbsp;was not found in 1988 net samples, it replaced other zooplankters in the alewife's diet. Typically, tailspines were the only part of</span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span>&nbsp;in alewife stomachs; their frequency was high in April&ndash;May, diminished rapidly in summer and was very low by fall. In spring 1988, alewife&nbsp;</span><span class=\"NLM_inline-graphic\"><img src=\"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/nrc/journals/content/cjfas/1992/cjfas4910/f92-224/production/images/medium/f92-224c1.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span><span>&nbsp;were in better condition than in spring 1972 and this may have been due to larger fish feeding more heavily on</span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span>. Variation in diet among widely separated sampling sites was due to differences in alewife abundance, stability of thermal structure, progress of zooplankton community development and distance to the mouth of the Niagara River (through which&nbsp;</span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span>probably enter the lake in summer and fall). In the Great Lakes, inter- and intralake differences in diet clearly exist, and these must be incorporated into models of alewife planktivory to gain an accurate understanding of energy flow between trophic levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f92-224","usgsCitation":"Mills, E.L., O’Gorman, R., DeGisi, J., Heberger, R., and House, R.A., 1992, Food of the alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of <i>Bythotrephes cederstroemi</i>: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2009-2019, https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-224.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2009","endPage":"2019","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Edward L.","contributorId":61387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGisi, Joe","contributorId":57023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGisi","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heberger, Roy","contributorId":61392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heberger","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"House, Robert A.","contributorId":60173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184258,"text":"70184258 - 1992 - Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:47:53.957765","indexId":"70184258","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited","docAbstract":"<p><span>The collision and accretion of the Alexander terrane profoundly influenced the geologic history of Alaska and western Canada; however, the terrane's displacement history is only poorly constrained by sparse paleomagnetic studies. We studied the paleomagnetism of the Hound Island Volcanics in order to evaluate the location of the Alexander terrane in Late Triassic time. We collected 618 samples at 102 sites in and near the Keku Strait, Alaska, from the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics, the Permian Pybus Formation, and 23-Ma gabbroic intrusions. We found three components of magnetization in the Hound Island Volcanics. The high-temperature component (component A) resides in hematite and magnetite and was found only in highly oxidized lava flows in a geographically restricted area. We think it is primary, or acquired soon after eruption of the lavas, principally because the directions pass a fold test. The paleolatitude indicated by this component (19.2° ± 10.3°) is similar to those determined for various portions of Wrangellia, consistent with the geologic interpretation that the Alexander terrane was with the Wrangellia terrane in Late Triassic time. We found two overprint directions in the Hound Island Volcanics. Component B was acquired 23 m.y. ago due to intrusion of gabbroic dikes and sills. This interpretation is indicated by the similarity of upper-hemisphere directions in the Hound Island Volcanics to those in the gabbro. Component C, found in both the Hound Island Volcanics and the Permian Pybus Formation, is oriented northeast and down, fails a regional fold test, and was acquired after regional deformation around 90 to 100 Ma. This overprint direction yields a paleolatitude similar to, but slightly higher than, slightly older rocks from the Coast Plutonic Complex, suggesting that the Alexander terrane was displaced 17° in early Late Cretaceous time. The occurrence of these two separate overprinting events provides a satisfying explanation of the earlier puzzling results from the Hound Island Volcanics (Hillhouse and Grommé, 1980). Finally, great-circle analysis of the paleomagnetic data from the Pybus Formation suggests the Alexander terrane may have been in the northern hemisphere in Permian time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92JB01361","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Coe, R.S., and Onstott, T., 1992, Paleomagnetism of the Late Triassic Hound Island Volcanics: Revisited: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B13, p. 19617-19639, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01361.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"19617","endPage":"19639","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hound Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -134.23361329000784,\n              56.975985188735336\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.23361329000784,\n              56.77541696502709\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.70105298268945,\n              56.77541696502709\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.70105298268945,\n              56.975985188735336\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.23361329000784,\n              56.975985188735336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onstott, T.C.","contributorId":47006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onstott","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182309,"text":"70182309 - 1992 - The application of molecular biology to the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T14:26:07","indexId":"70182309","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"The application of molecular biology to the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of U.S.-Japan meeting on aquaculture","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ","usgsCitation":"Winton, J., 1992, The application of molecular biology to the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, 4 p. .","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb145e4b01ccd54f9ee70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182223,"text":"b2010_1992 - 1992 - U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70182223,"text":"b2010_1992 - 1992 - U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system","indexId":"b2010_1992","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36054,"text":"b2010 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system","indexId":"b2010","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":36054,"text":"b2010 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system","indexId":"b2010","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:14:21","indexId":"b2010_1992","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010_1992","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey library classification system has been designed for an earth science library. It is a tool for assigning classification numbers to earth science and allied pure science library materials in order to collect these materials into related subject groups on the library shelves and arrange them alphabetically by author and title. It can also be used as a retrieval system to access these materials through the subject and visible geographic classification numbers.</p><p>The classification scheme has been developed over the years since 1904 to meet the ever-changing needs of increased specialization and new areas of study in the earth sciences.</p><p>This system contains seven schedules:</p><ul><li>Subject schedule</li><li>Geological survey schedule</li><li>Earth science periodical schedule</li><li>Government documents periodical schedule</li><li>General science periodical schedule</li><li>Earth science maps schedule</li><li>Geographic schedule</li></ul><p>A geographic number, from the geographic schedule, is distinguished from other numbers in the system in that it is always enclosed in parentheses; for example, (200) is the geographic number for the United States.</p><p>The geographic number is used in conjunction with the six other previously listed schedules, and it represents slightly different nuances of meanings, in respect to geographic locale, for each schedule.</p><p>When used with a subject number, the geographic number indicates the country, state, province, or region in which the research was made. The subject number, 203, geology, when combined with the geographic number, (200), for example 203(200), is the classification number for library materials on the geology of the United States.</p><p>The geographic number, combined with the capital letter G, for example, G(211), is the classification number for an earth science periodical issued by a geological association or university geology department in the State of Maine.</p><p>When the letter S is combined with a geographic number, for example, S(276), it represents a general science periodical for a university or association in California.</p><p>When the letter P is combined with a geographic number, for example, P(200), it represents a governmental periodical issued by the United States Federal Government.</p><p>Geographic numbers standing alone represent classification numbers for the publications of geological surveys; for example, (200) represents publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>Map call numbers have a geographic number preceded by the capital letter M, followed by an abbreviated subject number.</p><p>For example:</p><p>M(200)2</p><p>where:</p><p>M = Map</p><p>(200) = Geographic region of the United States</p><p>2 = Abbreviation for the subject number 203— geology.</p><p>The introduction, which follows this abstract, provides detailed procedures on the construction of complete call numbers for works falling into the framework of the aforesaid classification schedules.</p><p>The tables following the introduction can be quickly accessed through the use of the newly expanded subject index.</p><p>The purpose of this publication is to provide the earth science community with a classification and retrieval system for earth science materials, to provide sufficient explanation of its structure and use, and to enable library staff and clientele to classify or access research materials in a library collection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b2010_1992","usgsCitation":"Sasscer, R.S., 1992, U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2010_1992, iii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2010_1992.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":366,"text":"Library","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2010_1992/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":335894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2010_1992/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff0e4b01ccd54f8b587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sasscer, R. Scott","contributorId":68369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasscer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182164,"text":"70182164 - 1992 -  Density of loons in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:38:20","indexId":"70182164","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Density of loons in central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Loons breed across North America from the high arctic south to about 43 north latitude. (AOU 1983). Populations, particularly of Common Loons (<i>Gavia immer</i>) have recently declined in the continental U.S. and southern Canada (Sutcliff 1979, Titus and VanDruff 1981, McIntyre 1988). As a result, state and private natural resource organizations began more intensive monitoring of loon populations (in McIntyre 1986, Strong 1988). These surveys, however, are restricted to areas accessible by road, although recently aircraft were used for more remote areas (Lee and Arbuckle 1988, Strong 1990).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1368819","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Quang, P.X., 1992,  Density of loons in central Alaska: The Condor, v. 94, no. 1, p. 282-286, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368819.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol94/iss1/33","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quang, Pham Xuan","contributorId":179137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quang","given":"Pham","email":"","middleInitial":"Xuan","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85327,"text":"85327 - 1992 - Breeding population inventories and measures of recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:21:53","indexId":"85327","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Breeding population inventories and measures of recruitment","docAbstract":"In this chapter we review the techniques used to measure two important parameters of waterfowl populations, size of breeding population and recruitment. If waterfowl are to be managed toward goals defined in terms of population sizes such as those in the recently signed North American Waterfowl Management Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] and Canadian Wildlife Service [CWS] 1986), there must be some measure of population size for the various species. Waterfowl managers usually measure population size during the breeding season, although for some species and in some areas winter inventories may be used. Population size is a function of natality and mortality. Other chapters in this volume deal in detail with the biology of those processes. This chapter discusses procedural aspects of measurement and reviews some of the operational systems that have been used to estimate population size and recruitment, especially in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Breeding Waterfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., and Blohm, R., 1992, Breeding population inventories and measures of recruitment, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology and Management of Breeding Waterfowl, p. 423-445.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"445","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb425","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Batt, D.J.","contributorId":111401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504390,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504389,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, M.G.","contributorId":7230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504384,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ankney, C.D.","contributorId":48904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankney","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504386,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504388,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kadlec, J.A.","contributorId":27565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadlec","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504385,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504387,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, R.J.","contributorId":81832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blohm","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003065,"text":"1003065 - 1992 - Accumulation of mercury by aufwuchs in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Implications for monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T17:30:06.891698","indexId":"1003065","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Accumulation of mercury by <i>aufwuchs</i> in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Implications for monitoring","title":"Accumulation of mercury by aufwuchs in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Implications for monitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined temporal variation in the total Hg content of&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;collected from artificial substrates in 11 seepage lakes in north-central Wisconsin and its relation to the Hg content of resident yellow perch&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>&nbsp;from the lakes. Dry weight concentrations of Hg in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;varied temporally, as follows: summer/fall 1985 &gt; summer 1985 &gt; spring/summer 1986. Areal concentrations of Hg during the 1985 sampling periods were greater than concentrations during the spring/summer 1986 period, but did not differ from each other. Although chlorophyll a accrual was correlated with the areal concentration of Hg in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;during each period of study, partial correlation coefficients between Hg in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;and the chlorophyll a, organic (ash-free dry weight), and inorganic (non ash-free dry weight) content of&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;during spring 1986 were not significant. Thus, we were unable to quantify the partitioning of Hg among the organic (photosynthetic, heterotrophic, and detrital) and inorganic components of the&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>. Concentrations of Hg in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;were not correlated with lake pH during any of the three periods, even though the Hg content of fish in these and other lakes in the region are strongly correlated with pH. Moreover, the only significant correlation between Hg in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;and Hg in age-2 yellow perch from the lakes were weak negative correlations for areal Hg concentrations in&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;during summer 1985. The analyses of&nbsp;</span><i>aufwuchs</i><span>&nbsp;do not indicate potential accumulation of Hg in fish in these lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212271","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., and Rada, R.G., 1992, Accumulation of mercury by aufwuchs in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Implications for monitoring: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 172-178, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212271.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Lincoln County, Oneida County, Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.4274,45.4707],[-89.4268,45.3802],[-89.4256,45.293],[-89.4257,45.2057],[-89.4258,45.1189],[-89.4917,45.1194],[-89.5499,45.1199],[-89.6106,45.1198],[-89.6727,45.1198],[-89.7263,45.1197],[-89.7968,45.12],[-89.8439,45.1199],[-89.9202,45.1201],[-89.9648,45.12],[-90.0094,45.1198],[-90.0437,45.1206],[-90.045,45.2083],[-90.0465,45.2371],[-90.0464,45.2951],[-90.0419,45.3819],[-90.0426,45.4678],[-90.0433,45.5551],[-90.0434,45.6443],[-90.0434,45.7302],[-90.0448,45.8176],[-90.0428,45.8972],[-90.0442,45.9823],[-90.0134,45.9824],[-89.9853,45.9821],[-89.9289,45.9818],[-89.9282,46.0693],[-89.9288,46.1558],[-89.9287,46.2428],[-89.929,46.3],[-89.7599,46.268],[-89.7368,46.2636],[-89.5829,46.2347],[-89.5331,46.2252],[-89.5133,46.2215],[-89.4272,46.2048],[-89.3759,46.1949],[-89.2666,46.1737],[-89.2302,46.1662],[-89.0854,46.1365],[-88.9879,46.0971],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.047,45.8097],[-89.0469,45.7265],[-89.0475,45.6391],[-89.0468,45.5518],[-89.0467,45.4668],[-89.174,45.4681],[-89.3013,45.4692],[-89.4274,45.4707]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lincoln\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a33de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rada, Ronald G.","contributorId":14786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017247,"text":"70017247 - 1992 - Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T11:00:42","indexId":"70017247","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relative concentrations of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals were measured by laser microprobe noble gas mass spectrometry on irradiated samples containing 10</span><sup>−10</sup><span> to 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span> L of fluid. Distinctive halogen signatures indicate contrasting sources of fluid salinity in fluid inclusions from representative “magmatic” (St. Austell), “metamorphic” (Alleghany), and “geothermal” (Creede, Salton Sea) aqueous systems. Br/Cl mol ratios are lowest at Salton Sea (0.27–0.33 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>), where high salinities are largely due to halite dissolution; intermediate at St. Austell (0.85 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>), possibly representative of magmatic volatiles; and highest (near that of seawater) at Creede (1.5–2.1 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>) and Alleghany (1.2–2.4 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>), where dissolved halogens probably were leached from volcanic and (or) nonevaporitic sedimentary rocks. </span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>I</mtext><mtext>C1</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">IC1</span></span><span> mol ratios are lowest (near that of seawater) at Creede (1–14 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>), possibly because organisms scavenged I during low temperature recharge; intermediate at Salton Sea (24–26 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>) and St. Austell (81× 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>); and highest at Alleghany (320–940 × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>), probably because the fluids interacted with organic-rich sediments at high temperatures before being trapped. </span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><mtext>Cl</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">KCl</span></span><span> mol ratios indicate disequilibrium with respect to hypothetical feldspathic alkali-Al-silicate mineral buffers at fluid inclusion trapping temperatures at Creede, and large contributions of (Na, K)-bicarbonate to total fluid ionic strength at Alleghany. Significant variations in Cl/Br/I/K ratios among different fluid inclusion types are correlated with previously documented mineralization stages at Creede, and with the apparent oxidation state of dissolved carbon at Alleghany. The new data indicate that Cl/ Br/I ratios in hydrothermal fluid inclusions vary by several orders of magnitude, as they do in modern surface and ground waters. This study demonstrates that halogen signatures of fluid inclusions determined by microanalysis yield important information about sources of fluid salinity and provide excellent definition of fluid reservoirs and tracers of flow and interaction in ancient hydrothermal systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90127-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Irwin, J., 1992, Laser microprobe analyses of Cl, Br, I, and K in fluid inclusions: Implications for sources of salinity in some ancient hydrothermal fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 1, p. 203-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90127-5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44b4e4b0c8380cd66d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, J.J.","contributorId":76889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003048,"text":"1003048 - 1992 - Flooding mortality and habitat renewal for least terns and piping plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T15:48:14.857526","indexId":"1003048","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flooding mortality and habitat renewal for least terns and piping plovers","docAbstract":"We observed extensive mortality (eggs and chicks) of the endangered interior population of the Least Tern (Sterna antillarum) and threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) caused by natural flooding during the 1990 breeding season along the Platte River, Nebraska USA. Aerial videography of the Platte River before and after the flood revealed a 78% reduction of perennial vegetation on sandbars. The flood scoured vegetation from sandbars and greatly increased the amount of barren sandbar  habitat that nesting Least Terns and Piping Plovers use. A review of river gauging station data indicated that flooding of the 1990 magnitude or greater can be expected to occur about once every nine years. We recommend a review of the annual operating plans of managed rivers to account for the effects of dam discharges on Least Terns and Piping Plovers.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521363","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., Carlson, D., Kirsch, E., and Dinan, J., 1992, Flooding mortality and habitat renewal for least terns and piping plovers: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 15, no. 1, p. 132-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521363.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e128f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, D.E.","contributorId":95172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinan, J.J.","contributorId":61538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinan","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016899,"text":"70016899 - 1992 - Manganese carbonate mineralization in the Molango district, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:07:00.47573","indexId":"70016899","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese carbonate mineralization in the Molango district, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Molango manganese deposit in Mexico is by far the largest known Mn deposit in North America. Mn carbonate mineralization is hosted by a finely laminated Upper Jurassic marine sedimentary sequence that forms the base of the Chipoco facies of the Taman Formation (Kimmeridgian). Manganese enrichment occurs over a total stratigraphic thickness of approximately 50 m, and a length of over 50 km along strike and serves as the protore for supergene Mn oxide ore. The carbonate ore zone comprises the basal 1 to 10 m of the Chipoco facies.The carbonate ore bed consists of fine-grained rhodochrosite and dispersed organic matter, magnetite, and maghemite but generally only trace quantities of pyrite. Fine laminations and clotted textures suggest deposition in a restricted marine environment. Manganese content is highest at the base of the mineralized interval, drops abruptly to subore grade, Mn-rich carbonates, and then gradually decreases upward to background levels (i.e., trace Mn in calcite). Chemical and mineralogical studies indicate that the predominant mineralogy changes upward from rhodochrosite in the ore zone, to mixed carbonates (Mn calcite, kutnohorite, + or - rhodochrosite), to Mn calcite.Several geologic and geochemical processes resulted in the formation of Mn carbonate by the early diagenetic reduction of Mn oxides through the oxidation of organic matter and iron sulfide. Mn oxides were concentrated at the margins of a dysaerobic to mildly anoxic stratified basin and became an important oxidizing agent of organic matter in the sediment pile. Effects of organic matter oxidation reactions included production of manganous ion (Mn (super +2) ), MnCO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;precipitation, oxidation of iron monosulfide (precursor to pyrite), and formation of Fe oxide. The latter two processes explain the anomalously low pyrite and abundant magnetite content in the ore zone. The observed vertical variation of Mn carbonate mineralogy and the mineral compositions reflect variations in the concentrations of reduced manganese in the pore waters. Thus, Mn carbonate precipitated from pore water and did not form as a chemical sediment in the water column. The ultimate source of the manganese is uncertain but may have been fluvial-sediment loads or hydrothermal activity associated with the rifting of the Gulf of Mexico.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1345","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Okita, P., 1992, Manganese carbonate mineralization in the Molango district, Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 5, p. 1345-1366, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1345.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1345","endPage":"1366","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ca8e4b0c8380cd69dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okita, P.M.","contributorId":63031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003066,"text":"1003066 - 1992 - Cadmium and mercury in emergent mayflies (<i>Hexagenia bilineata</i>) from the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T09:24:07","indexId":"1003066","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cadmium and mercury in emergent mayflies (<i>Hexagenia bilineata</i>) from the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia bilineata) were analyzed to assess longitudinal patterns in their cadmium and mercury content along the upper Mississippi River. Emergent mayflies (subimagoes and imagoes) were collected in 1988 at 34 sites (25 navigation pools), extending 1260 km from Little Falls, Minnesota, downstream to St. Louis, Missouri. Cadmium concentrations in composite samples of whole mayflies ranged from 7 to 219 ng/g dry weight in females and from <7 to 265 ng/g in males. Cadmium concentrations were highest (~> 150 ng/g) in samples from Pools 2 and 3 (downstream from the Twin Cities metropolitan area), 15 (near the Quad Cities metropolitan area), and 27 (near the St. Louis metropolitan area). Cadmium concentrations in female mayflies decreased significantly with distance downstream from Pool 2 at river mile 825 to Pool 9 at river mile 648, paralleling spatial trends in the cadmium contamination of sediments in the reach downstream from the Twin Cities metropolitan area, reported in earlier studies; cadmium burdens in mayflies followed a similar spatial trend. Concentrations of mercury were much less variable, ranging from 44 to 102 ng/g dry weight in female mayflies and from 60 to 177 ng/g in males; concentrations and burdens were highest in mayflies collected at Pools 2, 20, 22, 25, and 27. Mercury concentrations in females decreased significantly with distance downstream from Pool 2 at river mile 825 to Pool 5A at fiver mile 728.5. Concentrations of mercury and cadmium in composite samples of female mayflies were not correlated, indicating dissimilar longitudinal patterns in concentrations of the two metals. Concentrations and burdens of both metals varied significantly between males and females; consequently, we recommend that programs involving analyses of mayflies to survey or monitor metals in aquatic systems analyze separately males and females.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00226003","usgsCitation":"Dukerschein, J.T., Wiener, J.G., Rada, R.G., and Steingraeber, M.T., 1992, Cadmium and mercury in emergent mayflies (<i>Hexagenia bilineata</i>) from the upper Mississippi River: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 109-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dukerschein, J. Therese","contributorId":37705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dukerschein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Therese","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rada, Ronald G.","contributorId":14786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steingraeber, Mark T.","contributorId":90272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016855,"text":"70016855 - 1992 - Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:55:46","indexId":"70016855","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method","docAbstract":"A finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian local adjoint method for solution of the advection-dispersion equation is developed and discussed. The method is mass conservative and can solve advection-dominated ground-water solute-transport problems accurately and efficiently. An integrated finite-difference approach is used in the method. A key component of the method is that the integral representing the mass-storage term is evaluated numerically at the current time level. Integration points, and the mass associated with these points, are then forward tracked up to the next time level. The number of integration points required to reach a specified level of accuracy is problem dependent and increases as the sharpness of the simulated solute front increases. Integration points are generally equally spaced within each grid cell. For problems involving variable coefficients it has been found to be advantageous to include additional integration points at strategic locations in each well. These locations are determined by backtracking. Forward tracking of boundary fluxes by the method alleviates problems that are encountered in the backtracking approaches of most characteristic methods. A test problem is used to illustrate that the new method offers substantial advantages over other numerical methods for a wide range of problems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"June 1, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Publ","publisherLocation":"Southampton, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Russell, T., 1992, Solution of the advection-dispersion equation by a finite-volume eulerian-lagrangian local adjoint method, <i>in</i> Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, v. 1, Denver, CO, June 1, 1992, p. 33-39.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9257e4b08c986b319e65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017291,"text":"70017291 - 1992 - Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017291","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","docAbstract":"Faced with an ever-increasing diversity of demand for the use of public lands, managers and planners are turning more often to a multiple-use approach to meet those demands. This approach requires the uses to be mutually compatible and to utilize the more valuable attributes or resource values of the land. Therefore, it is imperative that planners be provided with all available information on attribute and resource values in a timely fashion and in a format that facilitates a comparative evaluation. The Kootenai National Forest administration enlisted the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to perform a quantitative assessment of future copper/silver production potential within the forest from sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Revett Formation that are similar to those being mined at the Troy Mine near Spar Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey employed a quantitative assessment technique that compared the favorable host terrane in the Kootenai area with worldwide examples of known sediment-hosted copper deposits. The assessment produced probabilistic estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits that may be present in the area and of the copper and silver endowment that might be contained in them. Results of the assessment suggest that the copper/silver deposit potential is highest in the southwestern one-third of the forest. In this area there is an estimated 50 percent probability of at least 50 additional deposits occurring mostly within approximately 260,000 acres where the Revett Formation is thought to be present in the subsurface at depths of less than 1,500 meters. A Monte Carlo type simulation using data on the grade and tonnage characteristics of other known silver-rich, sediment-hosted copper deposits predicts a 50 percent probability that these undiscovered deposits will contain at least 19 million tonnes of copper and 100,000 tonnes of silver. Combined with endowments estimated for identified, but not thoroughly explored deposits, and deposits that might also occur in the remaining area of the forest, the endowment potential increases to 23 million tonnes of copper and 190,000 tonnes of silver. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782270","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Spanski, G., 1992, Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 163-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270.","startPage":"163","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270"},{"id":224831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9206e4b0c8380cd805e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanski, G.T.","contributorId":29842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017030,"text":"70017030 - 1992 - Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:26:56","indexId":"70017030","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China","docAbstract":"Carbonate and sulfide minerals from the Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China, Mn deposits display similar and distinctive ??34S and ??13C patterns in intervals of manganese carbonate mineralization. ??13C-values for Mn-bearing carbonate range from -17.8 to +0.5??? (PDB), with the most negative values occurring in high-grade ore zones that are composed predominantly of rhodochrosite. In contrast, calcite from below, within and above Mn-carbonate zones at Molango has ??13C???0??? (PDB). Markedly negative ??13C data indicate that a large proportion of the carbon in Mn-carbonates was derived from organic matter oxidation. Diagenetic reactions using MnO2 and SO2-4 to oxidize sedimentary organic matter were the principle causes of such 12C enrichment. Pyrite content and sulfide ?? 34S-values also show distinctive variations. In unmineralized rocks, very negative ??34S-values (avg. < -21??? CDT) and abundant pyrite content suggest that pyrite formed from diagenetic, bacteriogenic sulfate reduction. In contrast, Mn-bearing horizons typically contain only trace amounts of pyrite (e.g., <0.5 wt% S with ??34S-values 34S-enriched, in some cases to nearly the value for contemporaneous seawater. 34S-enriched pyrite from the Mn-carbonate intervals indicates sulfide precipitation in an environment that underwent extensive SO2-4 reduction, and was largely a closed system with regard to exchange of sulfate and dissolved sulfide with normal seawater. The occasional occurrence of 34S-depleted pyrite within Mn-carbonate zones dominated by 34S-enriched pyrite is evidence that closed-system conditions were intermittent and limited to local pore waters and did not involve entire sedimentary basins. Mn-carbonate precipitation may have occluded porosity in the surficial sediments, thus establishing an effective barrier to SO2-4 exchange with overlying seawater. Similar isotopic and mineralogic characteristics from both the Molango and TaoJiang deposits, widely separated in geologic time and space, suggest they were formed similarly by MnO2 precipitation at the margins of dysaerobic to anoxic marine basins. Mn-carbonate formed predominantly by early-diagenetic reduction of Mn-oxides via oxidation of organic matter in near-surface sediments. In addition to MnCO3 precipitation, organic matter oxidation reactions resulted in oxidation of FeS to Fe-oxides such as magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The latter process explains anomalously low pyrite content and abundant Fe-oxide minerals in ore zones dominated by rhodochrosite. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Okita, P., and Shanks, W.C., 1992, Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China: Chemical Geology, v. 99, no. 1-3, p. 139-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5.","startPage":"139","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266067,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f3e4b0c8380cd7636c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okita, P.M.","contributorId":63031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016715,"text":"70016715 - 1992 - Mid-Mesozoic (Mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) evolution of the Georges Bank Basin, U.S. North Atlantic outer continental shelf: Sedimentology of the Conoco 145-1 well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T09:06:52","indexId":"70016715","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Mesozoic (Mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) evolution of the Georges Bank Basin, U.S. North Atlantic outer continental shelf: Sedimentology of the Conoco 145-1 well","docAbstract":"<p>The Conoco 145-1 exploratory well, located in the southeastern portion of the Georges Bank Basin, was drilled to a total depth of 4303 m below the sea floor. The oldest sedimentary rocks sampled are of Middle Jurassic age (Late Bathonian-Callovian). A dolomite-limestone-evaporite sequence dominates the section below 3917 m; limestone is the predominant lithology in the intervals of 3271-3774 m, 2274-3158 m, and 1548-1981 m. Siliciclastics dominate the remainder of the drilled section. Calcite tightly cements most of the rocks below 1548 m; dolomite, silica, siderite, and diagenetic clay cements are locally important. Restricted inner marine environments, representing lagoonal and tidal flat conditions, prevailed at the wellsite during much of the deposition recorded by the Callovian-Bathonian age Iroquois Formation. These environments gave way to a carbonate platform, which formed part of the &gt; 5,000 km long Bahama-Grand Banks gigaplatform that lasted through the end of the Late Jurassic (encompassing the uppermost portion of the Iroquois Formation and the Scatarie Limestone and Bacarro Limestone Members of the Abenaki Formation). The absence of a skeletal-reef association and the dominance of muddy limestone fabrics are evidence that the 145-1 wellsite was located on the platform interior. Major periods of siticiclastic deposition interrupted carbonate deposition, and they are recorded by stratigraphic equivalents of the Mohican Formation, Misaine Shale Member of the Abenaki Formation, and the Mohawk and Mic Mac Formations. A series of sustained prograding delta systems, the earliest of which is preserved as the Missisauga Formation, buried the carbonate platform following its drowning in the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Valanginian). The sparser, primarily allochthonous lignite content and better-sorted, glauconite-bearing sands of the Missisauga strata at the 145-1 wellsite suggest that shallow marine or barrier-bar environments were more prevalent than the low delta-plain facies recorded farther shoreward at the COST G-1 wellsite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(92)90091-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Poag, C.W., and Stanton, R., 1992, Mid-Mesozoic (Mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) evolution of the Georges Bank Basin, U.S. North Atlantic outer continental shelf: Sedimentology of the Conoco 145-1 well: Sedimentary Geology, v. 75, no. 3-4, p. 171-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90091-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.103271484375,\n              39.49556336059472\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.697998046875,\n              39.49556336059472\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.697998046875,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.103271484375,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.103271484375,\n              39.49556336059472\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56bae4b0c8380cd6d7ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017317,"text":"70017317 - 1992 - The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70017317","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment","docAbstract":"The Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment on the Galileo Orbiter spacecraft utilizes a high-resolution (1500 mm focal length) television camera with an 800 ?? 800 pixel virtual-phase, charge-coupled detector. It is designed to return images of Jupiter and its satellites that are characterized by a combination of sensitivity levels, spatial resolution, geometric fiedelity, and spectral range unmatched by imaging data obtained previously. The spectral range extends from approximately 375 to 1100 nm and only in the near ultra-violet region (??? 350 nm) is the spectral coverage reduced from previous missions. The camera is approximately 100 times more sensitive than those used in the Voyager mission, and, because of the nature of the satellite encounters, will produce images with approximately 100 times the ground resolution (i.e., ??? 50 m lp-1) on the Galilean satellites. We describe aspects of the detector including its sensitivity to energetic particle radiation and how the requirements for a large full-well capacity and long-term stability in operating voltages led to the choice of the virtual phase chip. The F/8.5 camera system can reach point sources of V(mag) ??? 11 with S/N ??? 10 and extended sources with surface brightness as low as 20 kR in its highest gain state and longest exposure mode. We describe the performance of the system as determined by ground calibration and the improvements that have been made to the telescope (same basic catadioptric design that was used in Mariner 10 and the Voyager high-resolution cameras) to reduce the scattered light reaching the detector. The images are linearly digitized 8-bits deep and, after flat-fielding, are cosmetically clean. Information 'preserving' and 'non-preserving' on-board data compression capabilities are outlined. A special \"summation\" mode, designed for use deep in the Jovian radiation belts, near Io, is also described. The detector is 'preflashed' before each exposure to ensure the photometric linearity. The dynamic range is spread over 3 gain states and an exposure range from 4.17 ms to 51.2 s. A low-level of radial, third-order, geometric distortion has been measured in the raw images that is entirely due to the optical design. The distortion is of the pincushion type and amounts to about 1.2 pixels in the corners of the images. It is expected to be very stable. We discuss the measurement objectives of the SSI experiment in the Jupiter system and emphasize their relationships to those of other experiments in the Galileo project. We outline objectives for Jupiter atmospheric science, noting the relationship of SSI data to that to be returned by experiments on the atmospheric entry Probe. We also outline SSI objectives for satellite surfaces, ring structure, and 'darkside' (e.g., aurorae, lightning, etc.) experiments. Proposed cruise measurement objectives that relate to encounters at Venus, Moon, Earth, Gaspra, and, possibly, Ida are also briefly outlined. The article concludes with a description of a 'fully distributed' data analysis system (HIIPS) that SSI team members intend to use at their home institutions. We also list the nature of systematic data products that will become available to the scientific community. Finally, we append a short 'historical' note outlining the responsibilities and roles of institutions and individuals that have been involved in the 14 year development of the SSI experiment so far. ?? 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00216864","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Klaasen, K., Clary, M., Anderson, J.L., Anger, C., Carr, M.H., Chapman, C.R., Davies, M.E., Greeley, R., Anderson, D., Bolef, L., Townsend, T., Greenberg, R., Head, J.W., Neukum, G., Pilcher, C., Veverka, J., Gierasch, P., Fanale, F.P., Ingersoll, A., Masursky, H., Morrison, D., and Pollack, J.B., 1992, The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment: Space Science Reviews, v. 60, no. 1-4, p. 413-455, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00216864.","startPage":"413","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216864"},{"id":224494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba741e4b08c986b321470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. 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III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pilcher, C.B.","contributorId":31917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Gierasch, P.J.","contributorId":9005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gierasch","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.P.","contributorId":54735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70016903,"text":"70016903 - 1992 - Holocene coseismic and aseismic uplift of Isla Mocha, south-central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:36:34","indexId":"70016903","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene coseismic and aseismic uplift of Isla Mocha, south-central Chile","docAbstract":"During the past 6000 years Isla Mocha, a 12 km-long island 30 km off the coast of south-central Chile, experienced a 38 m fall of relative sea level caused primarily by rapid tectonic uplift of the island. As many as 18 raised shorelines (strandlines) record this uplift. Historic accounts of uplift during the great earthquakes (M > 8) of 1835 and 1960 suggest some of the more prominent prehistoric strandlines also emerged during great earthquakes on the interface between the Nazca and South America plates. But the close elevational spacing of strandlines, subdued morphology of strandline beaches, scarcity of exposed bedrock wave-cut platforms, and the extremely high rates of aseismic uplift (ca. 70 mm/yr) of the island since the last great earthquake suggest that many strandlines were raised by aseismic rather than coseismic uplift. Strandline heights and 14 new radiocarbon ages on marine shells show that the present-day uplift rate is more than three times the net rate (ca. 20 mm/yr) of the past 1000 years. The recent high rate probably reflects increased aseismic slip on an inferred thrust fault in the overriding South America plate. Isla Mocha overlies an area of high stress concentration between two major segments of the Chilean subduction zone. The inferred high rate of slip on the thrust fault may be a response to stress changes on the plate interface near the boundary between the segments. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(92)90036-2","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., and Manley, W., 1992, Holocene coseismic and aseismic uplift of Isla Mocha, south-central Chile: Quaternary International, v. 15-16, no. C, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90036-2.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270049,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90036-2"}],"volume":"15-16","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31dbe4b0c8380cd5e2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manley, W.F.","contributorId":65232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016749,"text":"70016749 - 1992 - Development of ground-water vulnerability database for the U.S. Environmental protection agency's hazard ranking system using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016749","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of ground-water vulnerability database for the U.S. Environmental protection agency's hazard ranking system using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Geographic information system (GIS) methods were applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) hazard ranking system (HRS) to evaluate the vulnerability of ground water to contamination from actual or potential releases of hazardous materials from waste-disposal sites. Computerized maps of four factors influencing ground-water vulnerability - hydraulic conductivity, sorptive capacity, depth to water, and net precipitation - were derived for the Southeastern United States from digitized copies of published maps and from computerized databases, including the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) national water information system. To test the accuracy of the derived data coverages used to assess ground-water vulnerability, GIS-derived values for hydraulic conductivity, depth to water, and net precipitation were compared to corresponding values assigned by EPA's field investigation teams (FIT) at 28 hazardous waste sites. For each factor, site data were divided into three physiographic groupings: (1) Coastal Plain, (2) Valley and Ridge-Interior Low Plateaus, and (3) Piedmont-Blue Ridge. The best correlation between the paired data sets was for the net precipitation factor, where most GIS-derived values were within 0 to 40% of the FIT data, and 79% were within the same HRS scoring range. For the hydraulic conductivity factor, the best correlation between GIS and FIT data was for values derived from a published surficial deposits map, where most of the values were within one order of magnitude of the FIT data, and on the average were within 1.24 orders of magnitude of the FIT data. For this map, the best match between data sets was in the Coastal Plain province, where the difference in order to magnitude averaged 0.92. For the depth-to-water factor, most of the GIS derived values were within 51 to 100% of the FIT data, and only 44 to 50% of the sites were within a common scoring range. The best correlation for depth to water was in the Coastal Plain where GIS derived values were within 8 to 100% of the FIT data.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Clarke, J.S., Sorensen, J.W., Strickland, H.G., and Collins, G., 1992, Development of ground-water vulnerability database for the U.S. Environmental protection agency's hazard ranking system using a geographic information system, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 226-246.","startPage":"226","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0057e4b0c8380cd4f6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorensen, Jerry W.","contributorId":27319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strickland, Henry G.","contributorId":87814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, George","contributorId":13106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186543,"text":"70186543 - 1992 - Laboratory methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T10:57:46","indexId":"70186543","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Laboratory methods","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Development geology reference manual","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ethridge, F., Almon, W., Cone, M., Kersey, D., Ohen, H., Nagel, W., Byerly, K., Funk, J., Vayra, C., Kaldi, J., Sneider, R., Hawkins, J., Scott, R.W., Houseknecht, D., Thomas, J., Henshaw, P., Kaufman, R., Slentz, L., Dickey, P., Keelan, D., and Amaefule, J., 1992, Laboratory methods, chap. <i>of</i> Development geology reference manual, p. 197-257.","productDescription":"51 p. 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,{"id":70017287,"text":"70017287 - 1992 - Role of microbial processes in linking sandstone diagenesis with organic-rich clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T00:20:39.157917","indexId":"70017287","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of microbial processes in linking sandstone diagenesis with organic-rich clays","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12460209\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Numerous chemical reactions within clay sequences have been proposed to produce dissolved material for diagenesis of deeply-buried sands. However, reactions responsible for solubilizing inorganic and organic constituents in clays at intermediate depths, and their importance to sandstone diagenesis, have not been evaluated. Results from this study show that the processes of microbial organic-acid production (via fermentation) in clays and microbial organic-acid consumption (via sulfate reduction) in sands effectively link organic-rich clays to sandstone diagenesis in the Black Creek Formation of South Carolina. Diagenetic processes have resulted in the formation of 10 volume percent calcite cement, 0.1 volume percent authigenic pyrite, and 1.5 volume percent secondary porosity in Black Creek sands. However, the distribution of these diagenetic processes is not uniform, resulting in net destruction of porosity in some parts of the sand and net porosity enhancement in other parts. Mass balance-derived rates of microbial organic-acid production (10 (super -5) mmole carbon 1 (super -1) yr (super -1) ) and microbial CO<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>production (4 x 10 (super -5) mmole l (super -1) yr (super -1) ) show that microbial processes can account for all organic carbon in the calcite cements (at least 11% of carbonate carbon based on isotope-balance calculations), all observed authigenic pyrite, and all observed secondary porosity. These findings show that microbial processes can serve to link organic-rich clays with sandstone diagenesis at intermediate depths.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/D4267870-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Chapelle, F.H., Falls, W.F., and Bradley, P., 1992, Role of microbial processes in linking sandstone diagenesis with organic-rich clays: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4267870-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae5ee4b0c8380cd870a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falls, W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017256,"text":"70017256 - 1992 - A model of late quaternary landscape development in the Delaware Valley, New Jersey and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:33:01.718803","indexId":"70017256","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of late quaternary landscape development in the Delaware Valley, New Jersey and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>In the Delaware Valley of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania the late Quaternary history of colluviation, fluvial adjustment, and soil formation is based on the ages of pre-Wisconsinan soils and glacial deposits which are indicated by feld relationships and inferred from mid-latitude climate changes indicated by marine oxygen-isotope records. The area is divided into four terranes characterized by sandstone, gneiss, slate and carbonate rocks. Since the last pre-Wisconsinan glaciation (&gt; 130 ka, inferred to be late Illinoian), each terrane responded differently to chemical and mechanical weathering. During the Sangamon interglacial stage (∼ 130-75 ka) in situ weathering is inferred to have occurred at rates greater than transportation of material which resulted in the formation of deep, highly weathered soil and saprolite, and dissolution of carbonate rocks. Cold climatic conditions during the Wisconsinan, on the other hand, induced erosion of the landscape at rates faster than soil development. Upland erosion during the Wisconsinan removed pre-Wisconsinan soil and glacial sediment and bedrock to produce muddy to blocky colluvium, grézes litées, and alluvial fans on footslopes. Fluvial gravel and overlying colluvium in the Delaware Valley, both buried by late Wisconsinan outwash, are inferred to represent episodes of early and middle Wisconsinan (∼ 75-25 ka) upland erosion and river aggradiation followed by river degradation and colluvium deposition. Early-middle Wisconsinan colluvium is more voluminous than later colluvium despite colder, possibly permafrost conditions during the late Wisconsinan ∼ 25-10 ka). Extensive colluviation during the early and middle Wisconsinan resulted from a longer (50 kyr), generally cold interval of erosion with a greater availability of easily eroded pre-Wisconsinan surficial materials on uplands than during the late Wisconsinan. After recession of late Wisconsinan ice from its terminal position, soil formation and landscape stability were delayed until the Holocene by a lingering cold climate, slope erosion, colluvium and alluvial fan deposition, and eolian sedimentation. Late Quaternary erosion in the Delaware Valley was dominated by glacial and periglacial processes during glacial stages. During the warm interglacial stages, soils developed on a more stable landscape. These souls were easily colluviated by periglacial erosion during periods of intermittent cold climate.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(92)90027-L","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Ridge, J., Evenson, E., and Sevon, W., 1992, A model of late quaternary landscape development in the Delaware Valley, New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Geomorphology, v. 4, no. 5, p. 319-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)90027-L.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e480e4b0c8380cd46684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridge, J.C.","contributorId":45060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridge","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sevon, W. D.","contributorId":38650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevon","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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