A geohydrologic study of the Saco Municipal Landfill in Saco, Maine, was done during 1993-94 to provide a preliminary interpretation of the geology and hydrology needed to guide additional studies at the landfill as part of the Superfund Program. The Saco Landfill, which was active from the early 1960's until 1986, includes three disposal areas on a 90-acre parcel. Sandy Brook, a small perennial stream, flows from north to south through the land-fill between the disposal areas. Discharge of leachate from the disposal areas to aquifers and streams has been documented since 1974. The landfill was declared a Superfund site in 1990 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Multiple lines of evidence are used in this study to indicate areas of ground-water contamination and sources of water flow in Sandy Brook. The geohydrologic system on the east side of Sandy Brook consists of an upper water-table aquifer and a lower aquifer, separated by a thick sequence of glaciomarine silt and clay. Depths to bedrock range from 60 to more than 200 ft (feet), on the basis of data from seismic-refraction studies and drilling. The upper aquifer, which is generally less than 15 ft thick, consists of fine-to medium-grained sand deposited in a shallow postglacial marine environment. The lower aquifer, which was deposited as a series of glaciomarine fans, contains two sediment types: Well-sorted sand and gravel and unsorted sediments called diamict sediments. East of Sandy Brook, the thickness of the lower aquifer ranges from 25 to 100 ft, based on drilling at the landfill. The glaciomarine silts and clays (known as the presumpscot Formation) range from 50 to more than 100 ft thick. West of Sandy Brook, the glaciomarine silt and clay is largely absent, and fractured bedrock is very close to land surface under one of the disposal areas in the northwestern part of the property. The lower aquifer is unconfined in the southwestern side of the study area; bedrock slopes towards the south, and the aquifer thickens to 100 ft at the southwestern end of the study area. Preliminary estimates of mean annual streamflow in Sandy Brook, based on a partial year of continuous record, indicate that runoff increases from approximately 2.1 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) upstream from the landfill to 2.7 ft3/s downstream from the landfill, although the drainage area down-stream is only 11 percent greater than the drainage area upstream. A water-budget estimate based on available streamflow and climatic data indicates that Sandy Brook below the landfill gains about 80 million gallons per year from sources outside the drainage-basin boundary. Possible sources include the lower aquifer north or west of the landfill area and the fractured bedrock northwest of Sandy Brook. Specific conductance of water in Sandy Brook increases downstream from the landfill. In September 1993, specific conductance was 184 liS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) upstream from the landfill and 496 uS/cm downstream from the landfill. Continuous monitoring of specific conductance in Sandy Brook shows that the downstream increase is less during periods of stormflow because of dilution. Electromagnetic terrain-conductivity surveys, results of ground-water chemical analyses, and changes in streamwater quality have been used to identify areas of likely ground-water contamination. The specific conductance of ground water exceeds 2,000 uS/cm in some areas near the landfills. This compares to specific conductances of less than 200 uS/cm in water from most shallow wells that are considered to represent background water quality. Ground water in the upper aquifer east of Sandy Brook and in the lower aquifer west of Sandy Brook has been affected by leachate flowing from the landfill areas. The extent of contamination in bedrock, if any, is unknown. Water levels measured in 16 wells were used to help determine the direction of ground-water flow. The electromagnetic terrain-conduct surveys and stream specific-conductance data support the interpretation that water in the upper aquifer flows radially away from the two disposal areas east of Sandy Brook towards Sandy Brook and other small surface-water bodies in the area. West of Sandy Brook, ground water under the third disposal area moves in the lower aquifer northeast and southeast towards Sandy Brook, where it discharges to the stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954027","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M., Stone, J.R., Hansen, B.P., and Nielsen, J., 1995, Geohydrology, water quality, and conceptual model of the hydrologic system Saco Landfill area, Saco, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4027, v, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954027.","productDescription":"v, 94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4027/report.pdf"},{"id":157697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Saco","otherGeospatial":"Saco Landfill area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.496518702067206\n ],\n [\n -70.41996002197266,\n 43.496518702067206\n ],\n [\n -70.41996002197266,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.496518702067206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a877c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, M.G.","contributorId":103635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, J. R.","contributorId":87964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, B. P.","contributorId":45332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.P.","contributorId":76355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23239,"text":"ofr95424 - 1995 - Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T11:15:37","indexId":"ofr95424","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-424","title":"Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95424","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Greene, E.A., and Shapiro, A.M., 1995, Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-424, v, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95424.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0424/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0424/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28467,"text":"wri954049 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-25T16:45:56","indexId":"wri954049","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4049","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994","docAbstract":"A study of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, was conducted to evaluate ground-water flow and water quality using data collected from June 1992 through June 1994. The study area included approximately 80 square miles in parts of Muscatine and Louisa Counties in Iowa and Rock Island and Mercer Counties in Illinois.
\nA steady-state, ground-water flow model was constructed using February 1993 hydrologic conditions. Model results indicate that drawdown in the lower alluvium caused by the pumping centers in Iowa extends beneath the Muscatine Slough in the northwest part of the study area and beneath the Mississippi River in the central and northern parts of the area. The primary sources of ground water in the alluvium are recharge from precipitation, leakage from the Mississippi River, and infiltration of upland runoff. The bedrock is not a major contributor of ground water to the alluvium.
\nThe areal distribution of selected water-quality properties and constituents in ground water results from several factors. Localized large chloride and nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen concentrations could be indicative of contamination from human activity. Specific conductance and calcium, magnesium, and sulfate concentrations are larger in ground water near the boundary between the river valley and upland area and could result from infiltration of upland runoff or lithologic differences in the alluvium. Large iron or manganese concentrations occur in the ground water near the Mississippi River and Muscatine Slough that result from microbial processes and the presence of dissolved organic carbon.
\nTemporal variations of concentrations for selected water-quality constituents in groundwater samples attest to the dynamic nature of the ground-water system as it responds to natural and human-induced changes in water quality. Leakage from the Mississippi River affects ground-water quality in the alluvium adjacent to the river. Temporal variations in water quality of the Mississippi River can be caused by seasonally, amount of discharge, or upstream human activities.
\nThe quality of ground water induced from discrete zones of the alluvium by the pumping centers in Iowa has implications for the entire ground-water resource. The ground-water flow model calculated that 10 percent of the water that enters the zone of active pumping on the Iowa side of the Mississippi River originates from the zone west and north of Muscatine Slough, and that 5.2 percent originates from the zone on the Illinois side of the Mississippi River east of the center of the river channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri954049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Muscatine Power and Water, Muscatine, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., Kuzniar, R., and Caldwell, J., 1995, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4049, Report: vi, 74 p.; 1 plate: 30.39 x 40.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954049.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 74 p.; 1 plate: 30.39 x 40.43 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":355976,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.22876543240588\n ],\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.44118219439961\n ],\n [\n -90.99014282226562,\n 41.44118219439961\n ],\n [\n -90.99014282226562,\n 41.22876543240588\n ],\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.22876543240588\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, J.P.","contributorId":83496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22186,"text":"ofr95378 - 1995 - Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T12:58:08","indexId":"ofr95378","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-378","title":"Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95378","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Edmunds, J.L., Cole, B., Cloern, J., Caffrey, J., and Jassby, A., 1995, Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-378, 440 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95378.","productDescription":"440 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmunds, Jody L.","contributorId":10452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30091,"text":"wri944175 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and water quality in the Graces Quarters area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wri944175","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4175","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality in the Graces Quarters area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Graces Quarters was used for open-air testing of chemical-warfare agents from the late 1940's until 1971. Testing and disposal activities have resulted in the contamination of ground water and surface water. The hydrogeology and water quality were examined at three test areas, four disposal sites, a bunker, and a service area on Graces Quarters. Methods of investigation included surface and borehole geophysics, water-quality sampling, water- level measurement, and hydrologic testing. The hydrogeologic framework is complex and consists of a discontinuous surficial aquifer, one or more upper confining units, and a confined aquifer system. Directions of ground-water flow vary spatially and temporally, and results of site investigations show that ground-water flow is controlled by the geology of the area. The ground water and surface water at Graces Quarters generally are unmineralized; the ground water is mildly acidic (median pH is 5.38) and poorly buffered. Inorganic constituents in excess of certain Federal drinking-water regulations and ambient water-quality criteria were detected at some sites, but they probably were present naturally. Volatile and semivolatile organic com- pounds were detected in the ground water and surface water at seven of the nine sites that were investi- gated. Concentrations of organic compounds at two of the nine sites exceeded Federal drinking-water regulations. Volatile compounds in concentrations as high as 6,000 m/L (micrograms per liter) were detected in the ground water at the site known as the primary test area. Concentrations of volatile compounds detected in the other areas ranged from 0.57 to 17 m/L.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944175","usgsCitation":"Tenbus, F.J., and Blomquist, J., 1995, Hydrogeology and water quality in the Graces Quarters area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4175, vii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944175.","productDescription":"vii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6854e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. jdblomqu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel D.","email":"jdblomqu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24482,"text":"ofr95367 - 1995 - Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:55:46","indexId":"ofr95367","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-367","title":"Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","docAbstract":"Borax Lake is located in southeastern Oregon, within the Alvord Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area. Borax Lake is a large hot spring; there are more than 50 smaller hot springs within about one-half mile to the north of the lake. Several geothermal exploration wells have been drilled near Borax Lake, and there is concern that development of the geothermal resources could affect the lake and nearby hot springs. A factor to consider in developing the resource is that the Borax Lake chub is an endangered species of fish that is found exclusively in Borax Lake.
\nThis study was designed to collect basic hydrologic data to develop a long-term monitoring plan. Baseline data, collected before geothermal production wells are used extensively, will provide an understanding of natural trends and will help identify change caused by development.
\nBasic data collected during reconnaissance field visits to the area included spring temperatures, specific conductances, and discharge; field measurements in wells included water-level measurements and temperature, specific conductance, and discharge measurements in flowing wells. The study of the Borax Lake area included depth and temperature measurements in the vent area of the lake, point velocity measurements, underwater video photography, and an evaluation of methods to measure discharge from the lake. Water-quality samples were collected at Borax Lake, one hot spring, and one flowing well.
\nInformation from field visits was used to develop a monitoring plan. The plan would include monitoring Borax Lake by measuring discharge, stage, evaporation, temperature, and specific conductance; water-quality sampling and analysis; and monitoring shallow ground-water levels near Borax Lake using shallow piezometers. Minimally, one hot spring in North Borax Lake Spring Group 1 would be monitored for temperature and specific conductance and sampled for water-quality analysis. In addition, two flowing wells would be monitored for water levels, temperature, specific conductance, and discharge and sampled for water-quality analysis. The construction characteristics of these wells must be verified before long-term data collection begins. In the future, it may be helpful to monitor shallow and (or) deep observation wells drilled into the thermal aquifer to understand the possible effects of geothermal development on Borax Lake and nearby springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95367","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Schneider, T.R., and McFarland, W.D., 1995, Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-367, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95367.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416.33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Borax Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Tiffany Rae","contributorId":52610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"Rae","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, William D.","contributorId":18738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20470,"text":"ofr95112 - 1995 - Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr95112","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-112","title":"Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95112","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., 1995, Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-112, iv, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95112.","productDescription":"iv, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50008,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21792,"text":"ofr95381 - 1995 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21792,"text":"ofr95381 - 1995 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr95381","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":54,"text":"wsp2463 - 1996 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2463","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":54,"text":"wsp2463 - 1996 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2463","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:51:22","indexId":"ofr95381","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-381","title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The disposal of secondarily treated sewage onto rapid infiltration sand beds at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has created a sewage plume in the underlying sand and gravel aquifer; the part of the\\x11sewage plume that contains dissolved phosphorus extends about 2,500 feet downgradient of the sewage-disposal beds. A part of the plume that\\x11contains nearly 2 milligrams per liter of phosphorus currently (1993) discharges into Ashumet Pond along about 700 feet of shoreline. The sewage plume discharges from about 59 to about 76 kilograms of phosphorus per year into the pond. Hydraulic-head measurements indicate that the north end of Ashumet Pond is a ground-water sink and an increased component of ground-water discharge and phosphorus flux into\\x11the pond occurs at higher water levels. Phosphorus was mobile in ground water in two distinct geochemical environments-an anoxic zone that contains no dissolved oxygen and as much as 25\\x11milligrams per liter of dissolved iron, and a more areally extensive suboxic zone that contains little or no iron, low but detectable dissolved oxygen, and as much as 12 milligrams per liter of dissolved manganese. Dissolved phosphorus is mobile in the suboxic geochemical environment because continued phosphorus loading has filled available sorption sites in the aquifer. Continued disposal of sewage since 1936 has created a large reservoir of sorbed phosphorus that is much greater than the mass of dissolved phosphorus in the ground water; the average ratio of sorbed to dissolved phosphorus in the anoxic and suboxic parts of the sewage plume were 31:1 and 155:1, respectively. Column experiments indicate that phosphorus in the anoxic core of the plume containing dissolved iron may be immobilized within 17 years by sorption and coprecipitation with new iron oxyhydroxides following the cessation of sewage disposal and the introduction of uncontaminated oxygenated ground water into the aquifer in December 1995. Residual oxygen demand associated with sorbed organic compounds and ammonia could retard the movement of oxygenated water into the aquifer. Sorbed phosphorus in the suboxic zone of the aquifer will continue to desorb into the ground water and will remain mobile in the ground water for perhaps hundreds of years. Also, the introduction of uncontaminated water into the aquifer may cause dissolved-phosphorus concentrations in the suboxic zone of the aquifer to increase sharply and remain higher than precessation levels for many years due to the desorption of loosely bound phosphorus. Data from three sampling sites, located along the eastern and western boundaries of the sewage plume and downgradient of abandoned sewage-disposal beds, indicate that ground-water mixing and phosphorus desorption may already be occurring in the aquifer in response to the introduction of uncontaminated recharge water into previously contaminated parts of the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95381","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., Rea, B., Stollenwerk, K., and Savoie, J., 1995, Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-381, vi, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95381.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275690,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0381/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.80413818359375,\n 41.679066225164114\n ],\n [\n -69.9224853515625,\n 41.679066225164114\n ],\n [\n -69.9224853515625,\n 42.116561350389006\n ],\n [\n -70.80413818359375,\n 42.116561350389006\n ],\n [\n -70.80413818359375,\n 41.679066225164114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, D. A.","contributorId":75179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, B.A.","contributorId":39008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stollenwerk, K.G.","contributorId":71199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savoie, Jennifer G. jsavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoie","given":"Jennifer G.","email":"jsavoie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22889,"text":"ofr95425 - 1995 - Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr95425","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-425","title":"Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality and hydrologic data were collected at a site contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in South Grafton, Massachusetts, during September and October 1994. The VOCs have formed a plume of contaminated ground water at an abandoned textile mill adjacent to the Blackstone River. Concentrations of total VOCs in the plume ranged from less than 1 to more than 40,000 micrograms per liter. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was the primary chlorinated contaminant, comprising as much as 98 percent of the total VOCs. The highest concentration, 43,000 micrograms per liter, was higher than any previously measured concentration at the site; however, the maximum extent and distribution of concentrations in the VOC plume in September 1994 was similar to that found in July 1993 and in earlier rounds of sampling. In addition to TCE, 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) and vinyl chloride were detected at most sites. Spatial and temporal changes in concentrations of TCE, 1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride are consistent with the hypothesis that TCE biodegradation was the source of 1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride. Ground water at the site contained low to moderately high concentrations of dissolved solids (44 to 406 milligrams per liter), had a moderately high specific conductance (155 to 670 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius), and was slightly acidic (pH=5.9 to 7.0). Concentrations of the major ions-calcium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate-were not related to VOC concentrations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were low (0 to 2 milligrams per liter) throughout most of the aquifer. Distribution of nitrogen species, iron, and manganese indicates that zones of varying oxidation-reduction potential were present in the aquifer. Concentrations of trace metals other than iron or manganese, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper, generally were less than analytical detection limits. Stream stage in the Blackstone River at the site during September and October 1994 fluctuated by about 1 to 2 feet within 24-hour periods. These rapid fluctuations resulted from sudden release of impounded water at a hydroelectric-generating facility downstream from the site. In addition to the daily fluctuations, rapid small changes in stream stage also occurred that were related to storms. Fluctuations in ground-water levels in four observation wells at the site were similar in amplitude and timing to the rapid fluctuations in stream stage; the daily fluctuations of ground-water levels were greatest in an observation well within 100 feet of the river and least in an observation well about 300 feet from the river. Because ground- water levels at the study site seem to be affected by fluctuations in stage of the Blackstone River, transport of the VOC plume in ground water also is likely to be affected by the fluctuations in stage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95425","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"DiSimone, L., and Barlow, P.M., 1995, Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-425, iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95425.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0425/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiSimone, L.A.","contributorId":108139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiSimone","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29688,"text":"wri954124 - 1995 - Effects of selective forest clearing fertilization, and liming on the hydrology and water quality of a small tributary to the Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:17:29.444236","indexId":"wri954124","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4124","title":"Effects of selective forest clearing fertilization, and liming on the hydrology and water quality of a small tributary to the Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Effects of selective forest clearing on water yield and water quality were investigated in a 308-hectare basin that drains to Quabbin Reservoir Watershed in central Massachusetts. The experimental basin and a nearby 280-hectare control basin were studied together for comparison. Streamflow was measured continuously and water-quality samples were collected biweekly in both basins from February 1985 through September 1989. During the same period, measurements of precipitation quantity and ground- water levels were made and samples were collected for determination of precipitation and ground-water quality. After an initial monitoring period to establish baseline hydrology and water quality in both basins, an area of red pine and white pine forest in the experimental basin was cleared. From October 1986 until April 1987, 23.8 percent of the total basal area was removed by clearcutting and thinning. Part of the cleared area was converted to rye and other field grasses, and the remainder was allowed to regrow naturally. Fertilizer and lime were applied to part of the cleared area. An additional 8.3 percent of basal area was cleared in fall 1988. Despite differences in bedrock geology, topography, and amount of wetland area, pre- treatment hydrology and chemistry of the two basins were similar. Biogeochemical reactions of the dilute mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids in precipitation with soils and rocks in the basins resulted in moderately buffered calcium-magnesium bicarbonate-type streamwater. During high flows, sulfate concentrations increased and alkalinity decreased. Selective forest clearing resulted in a slight increase in water yield during the year in which the clearing took place, particularly during the spring high-flow period, but flows returned to normal thereafter. Concurrent increases in solute flux were primarily a function of the increased water flux. No major alterations to biogeochemical processes were induced by the forest clearing, nor were any effects from the fertilizer or liming activity observed. The minimal effect observed from the clearing was attributed primarily to the limited area that was cleared, and the location of the cleared area in the headwaters of the basin (away from the riparian zone).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954124","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Strause, J., and Risley, J.C., 1995, Effects of selective forest clearing fertilization, and liming on the hydrology and water quality of a small tributary to the Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4124, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954124.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414388,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4124/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Quabbin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.3667,\n 42.4667\n ],\n [\n -72.3667,\n 42.4486\n ],\n [\n -72.3333,\n 42.4486\n ],\n [\n -72.3333,\n 42.4667\n ],\n [\n -72.3667,\n 42.4667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6109ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strause, J. L.","contributorId":7703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strause","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22942,"text":"ofr95157 - 1995 - Geographic information system programs for use in the water-supply-allocation permitting process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr95157","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-157","title":"Geographic information system programs for use in the water-supply-allocation permitting process","docAbstract":"Computer programs designed for use in a geographic information system as an aid in the water-supply- allocation permitting process are described. These programs were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey during a project conducted in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The programs enable a user to display proposed water-supply-allocation sites in a defined area together with present sites and important hydrologic and geographic features on a computer screen or on hardcopy plots. The programs are menu-driven and do not require familiarity with geographic information systems. Source codes for the programs are included in appendixes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95157","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dunne, P., and Price, C.V., 1995, Geographic information system programs for use in the water-supply-allocation permitting process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-157, iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95157.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0157/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunne, Paul","contributorId":86794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}