{"pageNumber":"4265","pageRowStart":"106600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165920,"records":[{"id":70014712,"text":"70014712 - 1988 - An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:03:32","indexId":"70014712","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1525,"text":"Environment and Planning A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules","docAbstract":"Efficient mitigation of natural hazards requires a spatial representation of the risk, based upon the geographic distribution of physical parameters and man-related development activities. Through such a representation, the spatial probability of landslides based upon physical science concepts is estimated for Cincinnati, Ohio. Mitigation programs designed to reduce loss from landslide natural hazards are then evaluated. An optimum mitigation rule is suggested that is spatially selective and is determined by objective measurements of hillside slope and properties of the underlying soil. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environment and Planning A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1068/a200621","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Brookshire, D., Campbell, R.H., and Shapiro, C., 1988, An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules: Environment and Planning A, v. 20, no. 5, p. 621-631, https://doi.org/10.1068/a200621.","startPage":"621","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269305,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200621"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ce4b0c8380cd486a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookshire, D.S.","contributorId":43335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, C.D.","contributorId":24796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014713,"text":"70014713 - 1988 - Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:20:50","indexId":"70014713","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(88)90396-7","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Phillips, D., 1988, Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 19, no. 9, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(88)90396-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.28279464911045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0326e4b0c8380cd50373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, D.J.H.","contributorId":80829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"D.J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014714,"text":"70014714 - 1988 - Air encapsulation during infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:22:18.255661","indexId":"70014714","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air encapsulation during infiltration","docAbstract":"

A series of field and laboratory experiments were performed to measure the effects of air encapsulation within the soil's transmission zone upon several infiltration properties. In the field, infiltration rates were measured using a double-cap infiltrometer (DCI), and soil-water contents were measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Before half of the infiltration experiments, CO2 was injected through the DCI into the soil to reduce the amount of air encapsulation in the soil's transmission zone. For a gravelly loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.38 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments and 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.42 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared to 4.40 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a sandy loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments compared with 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average final infiltration rate was 0.09 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared with 0.42 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. In the laboratory, infiltration experiments were performed using repacked soil columns (15-cm i.d. by 140 cm long), again using TDR and CO2 flooding. For a medium sand as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.29 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.36 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.25 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 1.23 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.50 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.02 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 0.10 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. These results suggest that a significant portion of the total encapsulated air resided in interconnected pores within the soil's transmission zone. For the time scale considered, this residual air caused the effective hydraulic conductivity of the transmission zone to remain at a level no greater than 20% of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Herkelrath, W., and Murphy, F., 1988, Air encapsulation during infiltration: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 1, p. 10-16, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014717,"text":"70014717 - 1988 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18670,"text":"ofr87220 - 1987 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow ground water of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr87220","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow ground water of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70014717,"text":"70014717 - 1988 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"70014717","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:12:50","indexId":"70014717","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken to evaluate the processes affecting the chemistry of shallow groundwater associated with agricultural drainage systems in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. The study was prompted by a need for an understanding of selenium mobility in areas having high selenium concentrations in shallow groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected along transects in three artificially drained fields where the age of the drainage system varied (15, 6, and 1.5 years). Selenium concentrations in the drain water also varied (430, 58, and 3700 μg/L, respectively). Isotopic enrichment and chemical composition of the groundwater samples indicate that saline- and selenium-enriched water has evolved as a result of evaporation or transpiration of groundwater. This evaporated, isotopically enriched water is being displaced by more recent, less saline irrigation water percolating through the root zone. This displacement seems to be a process whereby sodium chloride and sodium sulfate water is being replaced by more dilute calcium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate water.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i004p00516","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., and Fujii, R., 1988, Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 4, p. 516-524, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i004p00516.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8da9e4b0c8380cd7ed51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014718,"text":"70014718 - 1988 - Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:46:54.517196","indexId":"70014718","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","docAbstract":"

A series of compositionally diverse, Late Archean rocks (2.74–2.79 Ga old) from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, U.S.A., have the same initial Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios. Lead and Sr initial ratios are higher and Nd initial ratios lower than would be expected for rocks derived from model mantle sources and strongly indicate the involvement of an older crustal reservoir in the genesis of these rocks. Crustal contamination during emplacement can be ruled out for a variety of reasons. Instead a model involving subduction of continental detritus and contamination of the overlying mantle as is often proposed for modern subduction environments is preferred. This contaminated mantle would have all the isotopic characteristics of mantle enriched by internal mantle metasomatism but would require no long-term growth or changes in parent to daughter element ratios. This contaminated mantle would make a good source for some of the Cenozoic mafic volcanics of the Columbia River, Snake River Plain, and Yellowstone volcanic fields that are proposed to come from ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle. The isotopic characteristics of the 2.70 Ga old Stillwater Complex are a perfect match for the proposed contaminated mantle which provides an alternative to crustal contamination during emplacement. The Pb isotopic characteristics of the Late Archean rocks of the eastern Beartooth Mountains are similar to those of other Late Archean rocks of the Wyoming Province and suggest that Early Archean, upper crustal rocks were common in this terrane. The isotopic signatures of Late Archean rocks in the Wyoming Province are distinctive from those of other Archean cratons in North America which are dominated by a MORB-like, Archean mantle source (Superior Province) and/or a long-term depleted crustal source (Greenland).

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90064-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., and Mueller, P., 1988, Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90064-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75fde4b0c8380cd77e6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014719,"text":"70014719 - 1988 - Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:04:12.083859","indexId":"70014719","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York","docAbstract":"

Trends in rainfall-adjusted sulfate concentration were assessed for 5-yr subrecords of the 14.5–17 yr of monthly bulk-deposition data from five stations in New York by using the seasonal Kendall test. For the 5-yr subrecord from 1978 to 1982, the trends for the bulk deposition were similar to those for weekly wet-only deposition for adjacent stations of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP).

The long-term trend at each of the bulk-precipitation sites was downward and statistically significant at P < 0.02, whereas 26% of the 69 subrecords had trends that were statistically significant only at P < 0.2. Of these statistically significant subrecord trends, 10% were positive (opposite to the long-term trend). Furthermore, the slopes of the subrecord trends tended to be much steeper than those of the whole record. These 5-yr trends, consequently, are poor indicators of the trends that occur over much longer periods in the same record.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(88)90348-4","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Peters, N., 1988, Short-term trends in sulfate deposition at selected bulk precipitation stations in New York: Atmospheric Environment, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1175-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90348-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1175","endPage":"1178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec7e4b08c986b318b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013667,"text":"70013667 - 1988 - Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:06:47","indexId":"70013667","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio","docAbstract":"A synthesis of previous work and new data on the stratigraphy of high terraces of the Ohio and Monongahela Rivers upstream from Parkersburg, West Virginia, indicates a correspondence between terrace histories in the ancient Teays and Pittsburgh drainage basins. Four terraces are identified in each. Sediments of the lower three alluvial and slackwater terraces, correlated with Illinoian, early Wisconsin, and late Wisconsin glacial deposits, have been traced along the modern Ohio River through the former divide between the Teays and Pittsburgh basins. Sediments in the fourth terrace, the highest well-defined terrace in each basin, were deposited in two ice-dammed lakes, separated by a divide near New Martinsville, West Virginia. Some deposits of the highest slackwater terrace in both the Teays and Pittsburgh basins have reversed remanent magnetic polarity. This, and the stratigraphic succession in the two basins, suggests that both were ponded during the same glaciation. Reversed polarity in these terrace sediments restricts the age of the first ice-damming event for which stratigraphic evidence is well-preserved to a pre-Illinoian, early Pleistocene glaciation prior to 788,000 yr ago. In contrast, slackwater sediments in the Monongahela River valley, upstream from an outwash gravel dam at the Allegheny-Monongahela confluence, have normal remanent magnetic polarity, corroborating correlation with an Illinoian ponding event. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(88)90031-2","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., Elston, D.P., and Heaton, J.W., 1988, Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio: Quaternary Research, v. 29, no. 3, p. 216-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90031-2.","startPage":"216","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266522,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90031-2"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99a8e4b08c986b31c52f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elston, D. P.","contributorId":96334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elston","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heaton, John W.","contributorId":42705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heaton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013668,"text":"70013668 - 1988 - Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:23:57","indexId":"70013668","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"

The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama has long been recognized as a classic example of rapid eruption of a substantial fraction of a zoned magma body. Increased knowledge of eruptive history and new chemical analyses of ∼350 wholerock and glass samples of the climactic ejecta, preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their inclusions, postcaldera lavas, and lavas of nearby monogenetic vents are used here to infer processes of chemical evolution of this late Pleistocene — Holocene magmatic system. The 6845±50 BP climactic eruption vented ∼50 km3of magma to form: (1) rhyodacite fall deposit; (2) welded rhyodacite ignimbrite; and (3) lithic breccia and zoned ignimbrite, these during collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Climactic ejecta were dominantly homogeneous rhyodacite (70.4±0.3% SiO2), followed by subordinate andesite and cumulate scoriae (48–61% SiO2). The gap in wholerock composition reflects mainly a step in crystal content because glass compositions are virtually continuous. Two types of scoriae are distinguished by different LREE, Rb, Th, and Zr, but principally by a twofold contrast in Sr content: High-Sr (HSr) and low-Sr (LSr) scoriae. HSr scoriae were erupted first. Trace element abundances indicate that HSr and LSr scoriae had different calcalkaline andesite parents; basalt was parental to some mafic cumulate scoriae. Parental magma compositions reconstructed from scoria wholerock and glass data are similar to those of inclusions in preclimactic rhyodacites and of aphyric lavas of nearby monogenetic vents.

Preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their magmatic inclusions give insight into evolution of the climactic chamber. Evolved rhyodacite flows containing LSr andesite inclusions were emplaced between ∼30000 and ∼25000 BP. At 7015±45 BP, the Llao Rock vent produced a zoned rhyodacite pumice fall, then rhyodacite lava with HSr andesite inclusions. The Cleetwood rhyodacite flow, emplaced immediately before the climactic eruption and compositionally identical to climactic rhyodacite (volatile-free), contains different HSr inclusions from Llao Rock. The change from LSr to HSr inclusions indicates replenishment of the chamber with andesite magma, perhaps several times, in the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene.

Modeling calculations and wholerock-glass relations suggest than: (1) magmas were derived mainly by crystallization differentiation of andesite liquid; (2) evolved preclimactic rhyodacite probably was derived from LSr andesite; (3) rhyodacites contain a minor component of partial melt from wall rocks, and (4) climactic and compositionally similar rhyodacites probably formed by mixing of evolved rhyodacite with HSr derivative liquid(s) after replenishment of the chamber with HSr andesite magma. Density considerations permit a model for growth and evolution of the chamber in which andesite recharge magma ponded repeatedly between cumulates and rhyodacite magma. Convective cooling of this andesite resulted in rapid crystallization and upward escape of buoyant derivative liquid which mixed with overlying, convecting rhyodacite. The evolved rhyodacites were erupted early in the chamber's history and(or) near its margins. Postcaldera andesite lavas may be hybrids composed of LSr cumulates mixed with remnant climactic rhyodacite. Younger postcaldera rhyodacite probably formed by fractionation of similar andesite and assimilation of partial melts of wallrocks.

Uniformity of climactic rhyodacite suggests homogeneous silicic ejecta from other volcanoes resulted from similar replenishment-driven convective mixing. Calcalkaline pluton compositions and their internal zonation can be interpreted in terms of the Mazama system frozen at various times in its history.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00402114","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 224-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013671,"text":"70013671 - 1988 - Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:21:22","indexId":"70013671","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","docAbstract":"We have developed algorithms for modelling seismic waveforms to constrain regional Earth structure. The seismogram is represented as a sum of locked-mode travelling waves in a layered medium. This representation is convenient as it allows us to model structures with slowly varying heterogeneity and to construct differential seismograms. Describes the techniques we have implemented that enable us to compute synthetic and differential seismograms in an efficient and stable manner. The computational methods are sufficiently rapid that many modes can be included and in some cases the entire seismogram may be modified. These algorithms are applied to model a set of seismograms of southern Mexican earthquakes recorded in northern Mexico. The frequency bandwidth of these data is centred at 0.067 Hz and we demonstrate that even at these relatively high frequencies, many features of the seismogram can be successfully modelled. Our results suggest that the structure within the recording array in northern Mexico is resolvably different from that to the south. We find that the average shear velocity of the lower lithosphere of southern Mexico is very low, approximately 4.3 km s-1. If the low-velocity region is confined to the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, the shear velocities between 20-80 km depth are approximately 3.3 km s-1. This may be correlated with partial melt and is consistent with the active volcanism and high heat flow found in the region. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x","issn":"02759128","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., and Masters, T.G., 1988, Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico: Geophysical Journal International, v. 94, no. 2, p. 193-218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x.","startPage":"193","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269139,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa1e4b08c986b32e9fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masters, T. Guy","contributorId":93191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014725,"text":"70014725 - 1988 - The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014725","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","docAbstract":"Freshwater ice deposits are described from seven, high elevation (4117-4730 m), shallow (mean depth <30 cm), saline (10-103 g l-1) lakes in the southwestern corner of Bolivia. The ice deposits range to several hundred meters in length and to 7 m in height above the lake or playa surface. They are located near the lake or salar margins; some are completely surrounded by water, others by playa deposits or salt crusts. Upper surfaces and sides of the ice deposits usually are covered by 20-40 cm of white to light brown, dry sedimentary materials. Calcite is the dominant crystalline mineral in these, and amorphous materials such as diatom frustules and volcanic glass are also often abundant. Beneath the dry overburden the ice occurs primarily as horizontal lenses 1-1000 mm thick, irregularly alternating with strata of frozen sedimentary materials. Ice represents from 10 to 87% of the volume of the deposits and yields freshwater (TFR <3 g l-1) when melted. Oxygen isotope ratios for ice are similar to those for regional precipitation and shoreline seeps but much lower than those for the lakewaters. Geothermal flux is high in the region as evidenced by numerous hot springs and deep (3.0-3.5 m) sediment temperatures of 5-10??C. This flux is one cause of the present gradual wasting away of these deposits. Mean annual air temperatures for the different lakes probably are all in the range of -2 to 4??C, and mean midwinter temperatures about 5??C lower. These deposits apparently formed during colder climatic conditions by the freezing of low salinity porewaters and the building up of segregation ice lenses. ?? 1988 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00026285","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hurlbert, S.H., and Chang, C.C., 1988, The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes: Hydrobiologia, v. 158, no. 1, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285"},{"id":225911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae1e4b08c986b322a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurlbert, S. H.","contributorId":56192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbert","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013676,"text":"70013676 - 1988 - Newly discovered sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold deposits in the People's Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T15:35:26.821074","indexId":"70013676","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Newly discovered sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold deposits in the People's Republic of China","docAbstract":"Five deposits discovered in Guizhou Province, Yata, Getang, Sanchahe, Ceyang, and Banqi are described for the first time in Western literature. The deposits have geologic features and geochemical signatures that are remarkably similar to those of sedimentary rock-hosted precious metal deposits in the United States. The sizes of the deposits are as yet undetermined, but they each contain significant reserves at average grades of 4 to 5 g of gold per metric ton. Exploration and drilling are in progress at all of the deposits, and other areas where the geologic setting and geochemical anomalies are similar are being tested.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.7.1462","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Ashley, R.P., Chou, I.#., Zushu, H., Chaoyuan, W., and Wenkang, L., 1988, Newly discovered sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold deposits in the People's Republic of China: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 7, p. 1462-1467, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.7.1462.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1462","endPage":"1467","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6629e4b0c8380cd72d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, I. #NAME?","contributorId":37895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zushu, Huang","contributorId":32675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zushu","given":"Huang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaoyuan, Wan","contributorId":77541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaoyuan","given":"Wan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wenkang, Li","contributorId":17760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenkang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014285,"text":"70014285 - 1988 - Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:04:20","indexId":"70014285","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","docAbstract":"

A revision of the Birkenes model of streamwater acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in streamwater. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiabile, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i008p01308","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., Grosbois, D., and Seip, H.M., 1988, Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1308-1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede4e4b0c8380cd49aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Alex","contributorId":198669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christophersen, Nils","contributorId":198668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christophersen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosbois, de","contributorId":77668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosbois","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seip, Hans M.","contributorId":69720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014732,"text":"70014732 - 1988 - A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014732","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","docAbstract":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development in a given region based on calibration from a series of dated soils is used to estimate ages of soils in the same region that are not dated directly. The method is designed specifically to account for sampling procedures and uncertainties that are inherent in soil studies. Soil variation and measurement error, uncertainties in calibration dates and their relation to the age of the soil, and the limited number of dated soils are all considered. Maximum likelihood (ML) is employed to estimate a parametric linear calibration curve, relating soil development to time or age on suitably transformed scales. Soil variation on a geomorphic surface of a certain age is characterized by replicate sampling of soils on each surface; such variation is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution. The age of a geomorphic surface is described by older and younger bounds. This technique allows age uncertainty to be characterized by either a Gaussian distribution or by a triangular distribution using minimum, best-estimate, and maximum ages. The calibration curve is taken to be linear after suitable (in certain cases logarithmic) transformations, if required, of the soil parameter and age variables. Soil variability, measurement error, and departures from linearity are described in a combined fashion using Gaussian distributions with variances particular to each sampled geomorphic surface and the number of sample replicates. Uncertainty in age of a geomorphic surface used for calibration is described using three parameters by one of two methods. In the first method, upper and lower ages are specified together with a coverage probability; this specification is converted to a Gaussian distribution with the appropriate mean and variance. In the second method, \"absolute\" older and younger ages are specified together with a most probable age; this specification is converted to an asymmetric triangular distribution with mode at the most probable age. The statistical variability of the ML-estimated calibration curve is assessed by a Monte Carlo method in which simulated data sets repeatedly are drawn from the distributional specification; calibration parameters are reestimated for each such simulation in order to assess their statistical variability. Several examples are used for illustration. The age of undated soils in a related setting may be estimated from the soil data using the fitted calibration curve. A second simulation to assess age estimate variability is described and applied to the examples. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00903188","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Switzer, P., Harden, J., and Mark, R.K., 1988, A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, P.","contributorId":66432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014733,"text":"70014733 - 1988 - The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:48:17.685689","indexId":"70014733","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","docAbstract":"

Detailed monitoring at Mount St. Helens since 1980 has enabled prediction of the intermittent eruptive activity (mostly dome growth) with unprecedented success. During 1981 and 1982, accelerating deformation of the crater floor around the vent (including radial cracks, thrust faults, and ground tilt) was the earliest indicator of impending activity. Numerical experiments using the finite element method to model the mechanics of the crater floor show that all deformation features can be explained by a uniform shear-stress boundary condition along the conduit wall. The magnitude of the shear stress required to match observed displacements (1–7 MPa) is inversely proportional to the conduit diameter (estimated to be 25–100 m). The most probable source of this shear stress is the flow of viscous magma up the conduit and into the lava dome. We propose a model in which the accelerating deformation, beginning as much as 4 weeks before extrusions, is caused by the increasing velocity of ascending magma in the conduit. This model is examined by using deformation data of the dome before four extrusions in 1981 and 1982 to estimate the volumetric flow rate through the conduit. This flow rate and an estimate of the effective viscosity of the magma enable calculation of an ascent velocity and an applied shear stress that, again, depend on the conduit diameter. The results of these calculations are consistent with the finite element experiments and show that the proposed model is feasible. In light of this model, events observed just before or near the time extrusions began, such as reversals of ground tilt direction from outward to inward and the sudden decrease in the number of shallow earthquakes, may indicate an abrupt decrease of shear stress in the conduit. This could be explained by a decrease in either the ascent velocity, or the effective viscosity of the magma ascending through the shallow conduit, or both, near the time of extrusion. Precursory deformation like that measured at Mount St. Helens should be observable at similar volcanoes elsewhere because it is caused by the fundamental process of magma ascent.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04351","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W., Archuleta, R., and Swanson, D.A., 1988, The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4351-4366, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04351.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4351","endPage":"4366","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc4e4b08c986b323dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, W.W. Jr.","contributorId":35876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014734,"text":"70014734 - 1988 - Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:58:45.533549","indexId":"70014734","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity","docAbstract":"

Earthquake hypocenters within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon are interpreted as showing that the direction of plate dip changes from northeast beneath the Puget Sound region to east-southeast beneath southwestern Washington. The shallowest hypocenters within the Juan de Fuca plate are between 30- to 40-km depth, and the distribution of these events strikes north-northeast from near the mouth of the Columbia River to the northern Olympic Mountains. The distribution of hypocenters between 40 to 50 km generally strikes parallel with the shallowest events, but shows a significant broadening beneath the eastern Olympic Mountains and Puget Sound. Events with depths greater than 50 km south of the 1965 Seattle earthquake (mb = 6.5) strike north-northeast, approximately parallel with the shallower distributions; however, north of this event, the distribution of these deeper hypocenters strikes northwest. This change in the distribution of earthquake hypocenters reflects an upward arching of the Juan de Fuca plate plate beneath Puget Sound compared with the depth of the plate beneath southwestern Washington. The T axis calculated for the 1949 South Puget Sound earthquake (MS = 7.1) is oriented to the southeast, and the 20° plunge of the T axis is in good agreement with the plate dip angle determined from the earthquake hypocenters. We conclude that the 1949 earthquake resulted at least in part from down-dip tensional forces within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. One consequence of the change in the direction of plate dip is that volcanic front in Washington is everywhere perpendicular to the dip of the Juan de Fuca plate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780010264","usgsCitation":"Weaver, C., and Baker, G., 1988, Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 1, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780010264.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2770e4b0c8380cd598b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, G.E.","contributorId":90744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014738,"text":"70014738 - 1988 - Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:00:51.90163","indexId":"70014738","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","docAbstract":"

Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. were collected in the Little Bald Hills ultramafic region of Redwood National Park, California, to establish element-concentration norms. Baselines are presented for Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, V, and Zn for both lichen species; for Li, Mg, and K for H. enteromorpha; and for Al, Ce, Cr, Co, Fe, Na, and Ti for Usnea. Element concentrations of future collections of this same material can be used to monitor possible air quality changes anticipated from mining activities planned nearby. The variability in the element concentrations was partitioned between geographical distance increments and sample preparation and analysis procedures. In general, most of this variability was found in samples less than a few hundreds of meters apart rather than those at about 1 km apart. Therefore, except for Ba and Co, no large geographical element-concentration trends were observed. Samples of both species contained elevated levels of Ni and Mg, which probably reflect the ultramafic terrain over which they occur.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279595","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Jackson, L.L., and Sacklin, J., 1988, Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279595.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279595","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.067963104801336\n ],\n [\n -123.83102416992189,\n 41.067963104801336\n ],\n [\n -123.83102416992189,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.067963104801336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffece4b0c8380cd4f49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sacklin, J.A.","contributorId":24356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacklin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013681,"text":"70013681 - 1988 - The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T15:01:04.24353","indexId":"70013681","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records","docAbstract":"

More than 250 strong-motion accelerograph stations were triggered by the Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of 1 October 1987. Considering the number of multichannel structural stations in the area of strong shaking, this set of records is one of the more significant in history. Three networks, operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, the California Division of Mines and Geology, and the University of Southern California produced the majority of the records. The excellent performance of the instruments in these and the smaller arrays is attributable to the quality of the maintenance programs and their funding and personnel requirements. Readiness for a magnitude 8 event is directly related to these maintenance programs. Prior to computer analysis of the analog film records, a number of important structural resonant modes can be identified, and frequencies and simple mode shapes have been scaled. The structural records form a basic performance measurement for comparison with larger earthquake response in the future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1585465","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Etheredge, E.C., and Porcella, R.L., 1988, The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records: Earthquake Spectra, v. 4, no. 1, p. 55-74, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585465.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3a8e4b08c986b32b2dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. G.","contributorId":61794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Etheredge, E. C.","contributorId":8108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheredge","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013682,"text":"70013682 - 1988 - Seismic-reflection technique used to verify shallow rebound fracture zones in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T16:17:47.826592","indexId":"70013682","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection technique used to verify shallow rebound fracture zones in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota","docAbstract":"Shallow seismic-reflection data are presented to demonstrate their usefulness for locating and showing the continuity and lateral extent of rebound fracture zones in the Pierre Shale. Rebound fracture zones, identified in boreholes near Hayes, South Dakota, have variable depth, thickness, and character, thus making questionable the correlation of these zones between holes. Thus, the subsequent determination of dip and of continuity of the zones is somewhat tenuous, especially if the fracture characteristics change significantly between holes. Once rebound fracture zones have been identified and located by borehole geotechnical and geologic data, seismic profiles can reveal the extent and geometry of fractures in these zones, thus providing valuable preconstruction information without the cost of additional drilling.-Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/t88-037","usgsCitation":"Nichols, T.C., King, K.W., Collins, D.S., and Williams, R.A., 1988, Seismic-reflection technique used to verify shallow rebound fracture zones in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 25, no. 2, p. 369-374, https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-037.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Hayes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.06879363514712,\n 44.39026268632418\n ],\n [\n -101.06879363514712,\n 44.313097119749955\n ],\n [\n -100.91524370331842,\n 44.313097119749955\n ],\n [\n -100.91524370331842,\n 44.39026268632418\n ],\n [\n -101.06879363514712,\n 44.39026268632418\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b84e4b08c986b3178be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, T. C. Jr.","contributorId":95482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, K. W.","contributorId":105729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, D. S.","contributorId":54590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013776,"text":"70013776 - 1988 - A reevaluation of the timing and causes of high lake phases in the Lake Michigan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:10:00","indexId":"70013776","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reevaluation of the timing and causes of high lake phases in the Lake Michigan basin","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon age control on the type Glenwood, Calumet, and Toleston shoreline features and on the abandoned Chicago outlet at the south end of the Lake Michigan basin provides a basis for reevaluating the timing and causes of high lake phases in the basin. Radiocarbon dates suggest that Glenwood-level (195 m) shoreline features formed between 14,100 and 12,700 yr B.P. (Glenwood I and II phases), Calumet-level (189 m) between 12,700 and 11,000 yr B.P. (Calumet I and II phases), and Toleston-level (184.5 m) between 5000 and 4000 yr B.P. (Nipissing phase), and that the Chicago outlet was cut to its present level (180 m) on bedrock while the lake was at the Glenwood level. This new chronology is inconsistent with J H. Bretz' hypothesis ((1951) American Journal of Science249, 401-429) that the progressive lowering of lake level resulted from episodic down-cutting of the outlet. Instead, the changes in lake level appear to relate to changes in the amount of glacial meltwater and precipitation entering the basin. We hypothesize that the Glenwood phases correspond with times when discharge from the Huron and Erie basins also entered the Lake Michigan basin (Lake Border and early Port Huron glacial phases), the Calumet phases with times when drainage was from the Lake Michigan basin alone (late Port Huron and Two Rivers glacial phases), and the Nipissing phase with the postglacial middle Holocene transgression caused by differential uplift in the basin. Estimates of relative net inputs to the basin during the Glenwood, Calumet, and Nipissing lake phases are consistent with estimates of relative outputs (i.e., discharge through the Chicago outlet); the magnitude of relative differences in inputs and outputs between phases is sufficient to explain lake-level changes of 4.5 to 6 m. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(88)90055-5","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hansel, A., and Mickelson, D., 1988, A reevaluation of the timing and causes of high lake phases in the Lake Michigan basin: Quaternary Research, v. 29, no. 2, p. 113-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90055-5.","startPage":"113","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90055-5"},{"id":220114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53fe4b0c8380cd46c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansel, A.K.","contributorId":89280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mickelson, D.M.","contributorId":102147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickelson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013688,"text":"70013688 - 1988 - Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013688","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems","docAbstract":"The geologic appraisal model that is selected for a petroleum resource assessment depends upon purpose of the assessment, basic geologic assumptions of the area, type of available data, time available before deadlines, available human and financial resources, available computer facilities, and, most importantly, the available quantitative methodology with corresponding computer software and any new quantitative methodology that would have to be developed. Therefore, different resource assessment projects usually require different geologic models. Also, more than one geologic model might be needed in a single project for assessing different regions of the study or for cross-checking resource estimates of the area. Some geologic analyses used in the past for petroleum resource appraisal involved play analysis. The corresponding quantitative methodologies of these analyses usually consisted of Monte Carlo simulation techniques. A probabilistic system of petroleum resource appraisal for play analysis has been designed to meet the following requirements: (1) includes a variety of geologic models, (2) uses an analytic methodology instead of Monte Carlo simulation, (3) possesses the capacity to aggregate estimates from many areas that have been assessed by different geologic models, and (4) runs quickly on a microcomputer. Geologic models consist of four basic types: reservoir engineering, volumetric yield, field size, and direct assessment. Several case histories and present studies by the U.S. Geological Survey are discussed. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892972","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1988, Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 955-972, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892972.","startPage":"955","endPage":"972","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892972"},{"id":220326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb8e4b0c8380cd710c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013689,"text":"70013689 - 1988 - Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013689","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"The truncated shifted Pareto (TSP) distribution, a variant of the two-parameter Pareto distribution, in which one parameter is added to shift the distribution right and left and the right-hand side is truncated, is used to model size distributions of oil and gas fields for resource assessment. Assumptions about limits to the left-hand and right-hand side reduce the number of parameters to two. The TSP distribution has advantages over the more customary lognormal distribution because it has a simple analytic expression, allowing exact computation of several statistics of interest, has a \"J-shape,\" and has more flexibility in the thickness of the right-hand tail. Oil field sizes from the Minnelusa play in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana, are used as a case study. Probability plotting procedures allow easy visualization of the fit and help the assessment. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892970","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Houghton, J., 1988, Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 907-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970.","startPage":"907","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970"},{"id":220327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa1e4b08c986b329c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, J.C.","contributorId":72801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houghton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013690,"text":"70013690 - 1988 - Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013690","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering","docAbstract":"A knowledge-based geographic information system (KBGIS) approach which requires development of a rule base for both GIS processing and for the geological engineering application has been implemented. The rule bases are implemented in the Goldworks expert system development shell interfaced to the Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) raster-based GIS for input and output. GIS analysis procedures including recoding, intersection, and union are controlled by the rule base, and the geological engineering map product is generted by the expert system. The KBGIS has been used to generate a geological engineering map of Creve Coeur, Missouri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., Altheide, P., Deister, R.R., and Barr, D.J., 1988, Knowledge-based GIS techniques applied to geological engineering: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1623-1628.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1628","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40bde4b0c8380cd64fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altheide, Phyllis","contributorId":8991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altheide","given":"Phyllis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deister, Robin R. P.","contributorId":38711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deister","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barr, David J.","contributorId":43493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013691,"text":"70013691 - 1988 - Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013691","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea","docAbstract":"The unique depositional environment of the Atlantis II Deep brine pool in the Red Sea produces a stratiform metalliferous deposit of greater areal extent than deposits formed by buoyant-plume systems typical of the midocean ridges because of much more efficient metal entrapment. Isotopic analyses of strontium, sulfur, carbon, and oxygen from the metalliferous sediments indicate that three major sources contribute dissolved components to the hydrothermal system: seawater, Miocene evaporites, and rift-zone basalt. An areally restricted magnetite-hematite-pyroxene assemblage formed at high temperatures, possibly in response to hydrothermal convection initiated by intrusion of basalt into the metalliferous sediment. A correlation between smectite Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios and oxygen isotope temperatures suggests that smectite is a potentially important chemical geothermometer, and confirms geochemical calculations indicating that Mg-rich smectite is more stable than Fe-rich smectite at elevated temperatures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Seafloor Hydrothermal Mineralization","conferenceDate":"5 February 1987 through 6 February 1987","conferenceLocation":"Montreal, Que, Can","language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Zierenberg, R.A., and Shanks, W.C., 1988, Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 26 pt 3, p. 737-753.","startPage":"737","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26 pt 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbae4b0c8380cd6477c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013692,"text":"70013692 - 1988 - Food availability controls seasonal cycle of growth in Macoma balthica (L.) in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T15:07:00.334668","indexId":"70013692","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Food availability controls seasonal cycle of growth in Macoma balthica (L.) in San Francisco Bay, California","title":"Food availability controls seasonal cycle of growth in Macoma balthica (L.) in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A 2-yr field study of growth in the bivalve Macoma balthica (L.) at four locations in San Francisco Bay, California, U.S., showed that the timing and rate of growth (increase in shell length) were related to food supply. This clam feeds on both planktonic and benthic microalgae, depending on availability. Growth was apparently food-limited during some months, during one year more than the other, and at some locations more than others. Tissue-weight changes were also related to food availability. The heaviest animals were found in that year and at those locations with the highest chl a concentrations. Tissue-weight gains usually coincided with increased shell-growth rate or with reproductive development, although some large animals showed weight gain independent of both of these factors during periods with mid-range chl a levels. Weight losses coincided with spawning or periods of low growth rate, except at one station where, during a period when most animals were reproductively ripe, food concentrations were high, and shell growth was rapid, animals lost weight. This study failed to show a relation between salinity and the timing or rate of change of either shell length or tissue weight. The mild temperatures (10-23 ??C water temperature) of the area studied resulted in no growth inhibition due to low temperature, but there was some indication that the high air temperatures found in these intertidal areas limited growth rates. ?? 1988.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-0981(88)90245-6","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., and Nichols, F., 1988, Food availability controls seasonal cycle of growth in Macoma balthica (L.) in San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 116, no. 1, p. 43-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(88)90245-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12b5e4b0c8380cd543e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013693,"text":"70013693 - 1988 - Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70013693","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile","docAbstract":"Fifteen andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes on the volcanic front of a single segment of the Andean arc show along-arc changes in isotopic and elemental ratios that demonstrate large crustal contributions to magma genesis. All 15 centers lie 90 km above the Benioff zone and 280??20 km from the trench axis. Rate and geometry of subduction and composition and age of subducted sediments and seafloor are nearly constant along the segment. Nonetheless, from S to N along the volcanic front (at 57.5% SiO2) K2O rises from 1.1 to 2.4 wt %, Ba from 300 to 600 ppm, and Ce from 25 to 50 ppm, whereas FeO*/MgO declines from >2.5 to 1.4. Ce/Yb and Hf/Lu triple northward, in part reflecting suppression of HREE enrichment by deep-crustal garnet. Rb, Cs, Th, and U contents all rise markedly from S to N, but Rb/Cs values double northward - opposite to prediction were the regional alkali enrichment controlled by sediment subduction. K/Rb drops steeply and scatters greatly within many (biotite-free) andesitic suites. Wide diversity in Zr/Hf, Zr/Rb, Ba/Ta, and Ba/La within and among neighboring suites (which lack zircon and alkali feldspar) largely reflects local variability of intracrustal (not slab or mantle) contributions. Pb-isotope data define a limited range that straddles the Stacey-Kramers line, is bracketed by values of local basement rocks, in part plots above the field of Nazca plate sediment, and shows no indication of a steep (mantle+sedimentary) Pb mixing trend. 87Sr/86Sr values rise northward from 0.7036 to 0.7057, and 143Nd/144Nd values drop from 0.5129 to 0.5125. A northward climb in basal elevation of volcanic-front edifices from 1350 m to 4500 m elevation coincides with a Bougueranomaly gradient from -95 to -295 mgal, interpreted to indicate thickening of the crust from 30-35 km to 50-60 km. Complementary to the thickening crust, the mantle wedge beneath the front thins northward from about 60 km to 30-40 km (as slab depth is constant). The thick northern crust contains an abundance of Paleozoic and Triassic rocks, whereas the proportion of younger arc-intrusive basement increases southward. Primitive basalts are unknown anywhere along the arc. Base-level isotopic and chemical values for each volcano are established by blending of subcrustal and deep-crustal magmas in zones of melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization (MASH) at the mantle-crust transition. Scavenging of mid-to upper-crustal silicic-alkalic melts and intracrustal AFC (prominent at the largest center) can subsequently modify ascending magmas, but the base-level geochemical signature at each center reflects the depth of its MASH zone and the age, composition, and proportional contribution of the lowermost crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00372365","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Moorbath, S., 1988, Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 4, p. 455-489, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372365.","startPage":"455","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372365"},{"id":220388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcdae4b0c8380cd4e47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moorbath, S.","contributorId":49516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorbath","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}