{"pageNumber":"4267","pageRowStart":"106650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70017322,"text":"70017322 - 1992 - Triggered earthquakes and deep well activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70017322","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered earthquakes and deep well activities","docAbstract":"Earthquakes can be triggered by any significant perturbation of the hydrologic regime. In areas where potentially active faults are already close to failure, the increased pore pressure resulting from fluid injection, or, alternatively, the massive extraction of fluid or gas, can induce sufficient stress and/or strain changes that, with time, can lead to sudden catastrophic failure in a major earthquake. Injection-induced earthquakes typically result from the reduction in frictional strength along preexisting, nearby faults caused by the increased formation fluid pressure. Earthquakes associated with production appear to respond to more complex mechanisms of subsidence, crustal unloading, and poroelastic changes in response to applied strains induced by the massive withdrawal of subsurface material. As each of these different types of triggered events can occur up to several years after well activities have begun (or even several years after all well activities have stopped), this suggests that the actual triggering process may be a very complex combination of effects, particularly if both fluid extraction and injection have taken place locally. To date, more than thirty cases of earthquakes triggered by well activities can be documented throughout the United States and Canada. Based on these case histories, it is evident that, owing to preexisting stress conditions in the upper crust, certain areas tend to have higher probabilities of exhibiting such induced seismicity. ?? 1992 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879951","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, C., and Wesson, R.L., 1992, Triggered earthquakes and deep well activities: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 139, no. 3-4, p. 561-578, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879951.","startPage":"561","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879951"}],"volume":"139","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb84fe4b08c986b3277bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, C.","contributorId":39118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016914,"text":"70016914 - 1992 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:26:40","indexId":"70016914","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA","docAbstract":"Laminated to massive rhodochrosite, hausmannite, and Mn-silicates from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine, Sierra Nevada, California were deposited as ocean floor sediments associated with chert and shale. The principal lithologies at Smith are chert, argillite, rhodochrosite-, hausmannite- and chlorite-rich layers, and relatively uncommon layers of jacobsite. The Manga-Chrome mine also contains layers rich in manganoan calcite and caryopilite. Tephroite, rhodonite, spessartine, and accessory alleghanyite and sonolite formed during metamorphism. Volcaniclastic components are present at Manga-Chrome as metavolcanic clasts and as Mn-poor, red, garnet- and hematite-rich layers. There is no evidence, such as relict lithologies, that Mn was introduced into Mn-poor lithologies such as chert, limestone or mudstone. Replacement of Mn-poor phases by Mn-rich phases is observed only in the groundmass of volcanic clasts that appear to have fallen into soft Mn-rich mud. Manganiferous samples from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine have high Mn Fe and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, U, Th and the rare-earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient Mn deposits found in chert-greenstone complexes and from manganiferous sediments and crusts that are forming near modern sea floor vents. The Sierra Nevada deposits formed as precipitates of Mn-rich sediments on the sea floor, probably from mixtures of circulating hydrothermal fluids and seawater. The composition of a metabasalt from the Smith prospect is consistent with those of island-arc tholeiites. Metavolcanic clasts from the Manga-Chrome mine are compositionally distinct from the Smith metabasalt and have alkaline to calc-alkaline affinities. A back-arc basin is considered to be the most likely paleoenvironment for the formation of the Mn-rich lenses at the Manga-Chrome mine and, by association, the Smith prospect. Layers of rhodochrosite, hausmannite and chert preserve the composition and some textures of the sedimentary protoliths at both Sierra Nevada deposits. Jacobsite-rich layers probably represent a Fe-rich protolith. Caryopilite and manganoan calcite represent additional protoliths at the Manga-Chrome mine. The metamorphic assemblage prehnite-chlorite-epidote-calcite in a metabasalt from the Smith prospect constrains regional metamorphic conditions to a maximum temperature of 325??C and a pressure of 2 kbar. Slightly higher temperatures are indicated by the presence of actinolite in another metabasalt. Compositions of Mn-rich minerals in Smith samples are consistent with these metamorphic conditions. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Flohr, M., and Huebner, J., 1992, Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA: LITHOS, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 57-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V.","startPage":"57","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5abbe4b0c8380cd6f0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flohr, M.J.K.","contributorId":73753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huebner, J.S.","contributorId":41422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017094,"text":"70017094 - 1992 - The role of atomic absorption spectrometry in geochemical exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T10:54:24.787276","indexId":"70017094","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of atomic absorption spectrometry in geochemical exploration","docAbstract":"In this paper we briefly describe the principles of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and the basic hardware components necessary to make measurements of analyte concentrations. Then we discuss a variety of methods that have been developed for the introduction of analyte atoms into the light path of the spectrophotometer. This section deals with sample digestion, elimination of interferences, and optimum production of ground-state atoms, all critical considerations when choosing an AAS method. Other critical considerations are cost, speed, simplicity, precision, and applicability of the method to the wide range of materials sampled in geochemical exploration. We cannot attempt to review all of the AAS methods developed for geological materials but instead will restrict our discussion to some of those appropriate for geochemical exploration. Our background and familiarity are reflected in the methods we discuss, and we have no doubt overlooked many good methods. Our discussion should therefore be considered a starting point in finding the right method for the problem, rather than the end of the search. Finally, we discuss the future of AAS relative to other instrumental techniques and the promising new directions for AAS in geochemical exploration.
Bayan Obo, a complex rare earth element (REE)![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
FeNb ore deposit, located in Inner Mongolia, P.R.C. is the world's largest known REE deposit. The deposit is chiefly in a marble unit (H8), but extends into an overlying unit of black shale, slate and schist unit (H9), both of which are in the upper part of the Middle Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Based on sedimentary structures, the presence of detrital quartz and algal fossil remains, and the 16-km long geographic extent, the H8 marble is a sedimentary deposit, and not a carbonatite of magmatic origin, as proposed by some previous investigators. The unit was weakly regionally metamorphosed (most probably the lower part of the green schist facies) into marble and quartzite prior to mineralization. Tectonically, the deposit is located on the northern flank of the Sino-Korean craton.
Many hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the Bayan Obo deposit; the studies reported here support an epigenetic, hydrothermal, metasomatic origin. Such an origin is supported by field and laboratory textural evidence; 232Th/208Pb internal isochron mineral ages of selected monazite and bastnaesite samples;40Ar/39Ar incremental heating minimum mineral ages of selected alkali amphiboles; chemical compositions of different generations of both REE ore minerals and alkali amphiboles; and evidence of host-rock influence on the various types of Bayan Obo ores. The internal isochron ages of the REE minerals indicate Caledonian ages for various episodes of REE and Fe mineralization. No evidence was found to indicate a genetic relation between the extensive biotite granitic rocks of Hercynian age in the mine region and the Bayan Obo are deposit, as suggested by previous workers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90005-N","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Back, J., Minkin, J., and Yinchen, R., 1992, Host-rock controlled epigenetic, hydrothermal metasomatic origin of the Bayan Obo REEFe-Nb ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, P.R.C.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 5, p. 443-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90005-N.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 54.34697978479241\n ],\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 40.4265088962743\n ],\n [\n 122.40175601848028,\n 40.4265088962743\n ],\n [\n 122.40175601848028,\n 54.34697978479241\n ],\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 54.34697978479241\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3235e4b0c8380cd5e5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, J.M.","contributorId":15639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yinchen, R.","contributorId":102641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yinchen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016694,"text":"70016694 - 1992 - Remote sensing of suspended sediment discharge into the western Gulf of Maine during the April 1987 100-year flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016694","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of suspended sediment discharge into the western Gulf of Maine during the April 1987 100-year flood","docAbstract":"The suspended sediment discharge during this event was identified using NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from March 29 to April 14. The sediment plumes showed a westward movement upon reaching the Gulf of Maine. 105 metric tons of fine-grained sediments were carried onto the continental shelf in the largest plume, that from the Kennebec-Androscoggin river system. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stumpf, R.P., and Goldschmidt, P., 1992, Remote sensing of suspended sediment discharge into the western Gulf of Maine during the April 1987 100-year flood: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 281-225.","startPage":"281","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"-55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa707e4b0c8380cd851aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldschmidt, P.M.","contributorId":86114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldschmidt","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014894,"text":"1014894 - 1992 - Piscivory by the centrol stoneroller Campostoma anomalum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:31","indexId":"1014894","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2565,"text":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Piscivory by the centrol stoneroller Campostoma anomalum","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"93-032/NF","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1992, Piscivory by the centrol stoneroller Campostoma anomalum: Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 66, no. 2, p. 90-91.","productDescription":"p. 90-91","startPage":"90","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017048,"text":"70017048 - 1992 - Differential tolerance of Sulfolobus strains to transition metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017048","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1620,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential tolerance of Sulfolobus strains to transition metals","docAbstract":"Sulfolobus acidocaldarius strains 98-3 and B12, and S. solfataricus ATCC 35091 were evaluated for tolerance to Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mg. The tolerance of strains 98-3 and ATCC 35091 to these metals was Mg > Zn > Cd > Cu ??? Co > Ni. For B12, however, the order of tolerance was Mg > Cd > Zn = Co > Ni > Cu. Tolerance to these metals is also presented as a potentially useful taxonomic indicator.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-1097(92)90491-6","issn":"03781097","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Sass, R.S., and Risatti, J., 1992, Differential tolerance of Sulfolobus strains to transition metals: FEMS Microbiology Letters, v. 93, no. 1, p. 69-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(92)90491-6.","startPage":"69","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(92)90491-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":205498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(92)90491-6"},{"id":224526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0102e4b0c8380cd4fa40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.W.","contributorId":94795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Risanico S.","contributorId":79632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Risanico","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risatti, J.B.","contributorId":33454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risatti","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017316,"text":"70017316 - 1992 - Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:54:31.144426","indexId":"70017316","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2264,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters","docAbstract":"The photo processing industry can be characterized by treatment processes and subsequent silver recovery. The effluents generated all contain various amounts of silver. The objectives of this study were to determine toxicity of photo processing effluents and to explore their toxicity mitigation. Six samples, from small shops to a major photo processing center, were studied. Two samples (I and VI) were found to be extremely toxic, causing 100 and 99% inhibition of duckweed frond reproduction, respectively, and were used for subsequent toxicity reduction experiments. Lime and sodium sulfide were effective for the toxicity reduction of Sample VI; both reduced its toxicity to negligible. Sample I was far more toxic and was first diluted to 2.2% and then treated with 0.5 g lime/100 mL, reducing toxicity from 100% to 12% inhibition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10934529209375798","issn":"03601226","usgsCitation":"Wang, W., 1992, Toxicity reduction of photo processing wastewaters: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1313-1328, https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529209375798.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1328","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb622e4b08c986b326a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, W.","contributorId":76003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017311,"text":"70017311 - 1992 - Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017311","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Cores of lake sediment to a depth of 334 m in the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, northern California, document the late Cenozoic paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic history of the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The cores have been dated by radiometric, tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic analyses. Lacustrine diatoms are abundant throughout the record and document a nearly continuous paleolimnologic history of the Tule Lake basin for the last 3 Myr. During most of this time, this basin (Tule Lake) was a relatively deep, extensive lake. Except for a drier (and cooler?) interval recorded by Fragilaria species about 2.4 Ma, the Pliocene is characterized by a dominance of planktonic Aulacoseira solida implying a warm monomictic lake under a climatic regime of low seasonality. Much of the Pleistocene is dominated by Stephanodiscus and Fragilaria species suggesting a cooler, often drier, and highly variable climate. Benthic diatoms typical of alkaline-enriched saline waters commonly appear after 1.0 Ma, and tephrochronology indicates slow deposition and possible hiatuses between about 0.6 and 0.2 Ma. The chronology of even-numbered oxygen isotope stages approximately matches fluctuations in the abundance of Fragilaria since 800 ka indicating that glacial periods were expressed as drier environments at Tule Lake. Glacial and interglacial environments since 150 ka were distinct from, and more variable than, those occurring earlier. The last full glacial period was very dry, but shortly thereafter Tule Lake became a deep, cool lacustrine system indicating a substantial increase in precipitation. Aulacoseira ambigua characterized the latest glacial and Holocene record of Tule Lake. Its distribution indicates that warmer and wetter climates began about 15 ka in this part of the Great Basin. Diatom concentration fluctuates at 41 000 year intervals between 3.0 and 2.5 Ma and at approximately 100 000 year intervals after 1.0 Ma. In the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, Aulacoseira solida percentages wax and wane in an approximately 400 000 year cycle. The possible response of Tule Lake diatom communities to orbitally-induced insolation cycles underscores the importance of this record for the study of late Cenozoic paleoclimate change. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00193541","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1992, Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA: Climate Dynamics, v. 6, no. 3-4, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c5e4b0c8380cd66d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017252,"text":"70017252 - 1992 - Discussion of Blundy and Holland's (1990) \"Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:23:21","indexId":"70017252","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of Blundy and Holland's (1990) \"Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer\"","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00348957","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., and Zen, E., 1992, Discussion of Blundy and Holland's (1990) \"Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer\": Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 264-266, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348957.","startPage":"264","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348957"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ffe4b0c8380cd4fe32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zen, E-An","contributorId":47064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017253,"text":"70017253 - 1992 - One-level prediction-A numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017253","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-level prediction-A numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment","docAbstract":"One-level prediction has been developed as a numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment within large areas. The method is based on a presumed relationship between a numerical measure of geologic favorability and the spatial distribution of metal endowment. Metal endowment within an unexplored area for which the favorability measure is greater than a favorability threshold level is estimated to be proportional to the area of that unexplored portion. The constant of proportionality is the ratio of the discovered endowment found within a suitably chosen control region, which has been explored, to the area of that explored region. In addition to the estimate of undiscovered endowment, a measure of the error of the estimate is also calculated. One-level prediction has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. A subroutine to perform the necessary calculations is included. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782267","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., and Kork, J., 1992, One-level prediction-A numerical method for estimating undiscovered metal endowment: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782267.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782267"},{"id":225016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e37e4b0c8380cd7553f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kork, J.O.","contributorId":86831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kork","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017280,"text":"70017280 - 1992 - Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:31:55","indexId":"70017280","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Iron photoreduction in metal-rich, acidic streams affected by mine drainage accounts for some of the variability in metal chemistry of such streams, producing diel variations in Fe(II). Differentiation of the mechanisms of the Fe photoreduction reaction by a series of in-stream experiments at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, indicates that a homogeneous, solution-phase reaction can occur in the absence of suspended particulate Fe and bacteria, and the rate of reaction is increased by the presence of Fe colloids in the stream water. In-stream Fe photoreduction is limited during the diel cycle by the available Fe(III) in the water column and streambed. The quantum yield of Fe(II) was reproducible in diel measurements: the quantum yield, in mol E-1 (from 300 to 400 nm) was 1.4 ?? 10-3 in 1986, 0.8 ?? 10-3 in 1988 and 1.2 ?? 10-3 in 1989, at the same location and under similar streamflow and stream-chemistry conditions. In a photolysis control experiment, there was no detectable production of Fe(II) above background concentrations in stream-water samples that were experimentally excluded from sunlight. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., Wetherbee, G., and Harnish, R., 1992, Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.): Chemical Geology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266071,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5370e4b0c8380cd6cab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetherbee, G.A.","contributorId":46136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harnish, R.A.","contributorId":44565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017230,"text":"70017230 - 1992 - Interference fringes on GLORIA side-scan sonar images from the Bering Sea and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017230","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interference fringes on GLORIA side-scan sonar images from the Bering Sea and their implications","docAbstract":"GLORIA side-scan sonographs from the Bering Sea Basin show a complex pattern of interference fringes sub-parallel to the ship's track. Surveys along the same trackline made in 1986 and 1987 show nearly identical patterns. It is concluded from this that the interference patterns are caused by features in the shallow subsurface rather than in the water column. The fringes are interpreted as a thin-layer interference effect that occurs when some of the sound reaching the seafloor passes through it and is reflected off a subsurface layer. The backscattered sound interferes (constructively or desctructively) with the reflected sound. Constructive/destructive interference occurs when the difference in the length of the two soundpaths is a whole/half multiple of GLORIA's 25 cm wavelength. Thus as range from the ship increases, sound moves in and out of phase causing bands of greater and lesser intensity on the GLORIA sonograph. Fluctuations (or 'wiggles') of the fringes on the GLORIA sonographs relate to changes in layer thickness. In principle, a simple three dimensional image of the subsurface layer may be obtained using GLORIA and bathymetric data from adjacent (parallel) ship's tracks. These patterns have also been identified in images from two other systems; SeaMARC II (12 kHz) long-range sonar, and TOBI (30 kHz) deep-towed sonar. In these, and other cases world-wide, the fringes do not appear with the same persistence as those seen in the Bering Sea. ?? 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01674065","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Huggett, Q., Cooper, A.K., Somers, M.L., and Stubbs, A., 1992, Interference fringes on GLORIA side-scan sonar images from the Bering Sea and their implications: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 47-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01674065.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01674065"},{"id":224685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cfae4b0c8380cd631d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huggett, Q.J.","contributorId":89155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggett","given":"Q.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Somers, M. L.","contributorId":79108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stubbs, A.R.","contributorId":103802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017294,"text":"70017294 - 1992 - Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:16:01.385611","indexId":"70017294","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":842,"text":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite","docAbstract":"The failure process in a brittle granite was studied by using acoustic emission techniques to obtain three dimensional locations of the microfracturing events. During a creep experiment the nucleation of faulting coincided with the onset of tertiary creep, but the development of the fault could not be followed because the failure occurred catastrophically. A technique has been developed that enables the failure process to be stabilized by controlling the axial stress to maintain a constant acoustic emission rate. As a result the post-failure stress-strain curve has been followed quasi-statically, extending to hours the fault growth process that normally would occur violently in a fraction of a second. The results from the rate-controlled experiments show that the fault plane nucleated at a point on the sample surface after the stress-strain curve reached its peak. Before nucleation, the microcrack growth was distributed throughout the sample. The fault plane then grew outward from the nucleation site and was accompanied by a gradual drop in stress. Acoustic emission locations showed that the fault propagated as a fracture front (process zone) with dimensions of 1 to 3 cm. As the fracture front passed by a given fixed point on the fault plane, the subsequent acoustic emission would drop. When growth was allowed to progress until the fault bisected the sample, the stress dropped to the frictional strength. These observations are in accord with the behavior predicted by Rudnicki and Rice's bifurcation analysis but conflict with experiments used to infer that shear localization would occur in brittle rock while the material is still hardening.","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Material Instabilities in conjunction with the 22nd Midwestern Mechanics Conference","conferenceDate":"Oct 1, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Rolla, MS","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","doi":"10.1115/1.3121387","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D.A., and Byerlee, J.D., 1992, Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite: Applied Mechanics Reviews, v. 45, no. 3S, p. S165-S173, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3121387.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S165","endPage":"S173","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f19e4b0c8380cd53772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, James D.","contributorId":26455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014908,"text":"1014908 - 1992 - Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:10:41.019572","indexId":"1014908","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds","docAbstract":"Faecal samples were collected from wild birds frequenting salmonid fish hatcheries to determine if birds excrete infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in their faeces. Samples were collected from early June through early September. IPN virus was detected in faeces from herons, mallards, and other birds at titres similar to the titres found in the hatchery fish. Bird predation and virus prevalence in bird faeces was much reduced at a hatchery using electric fence barriers to deter birds and at a hatchery where the entire raceway area was enclosed by netting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1992, Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds: Aquaculture, v. 106, no. 3/4, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017282,"text":"70017282 - 1992 - A petroleum discovery-rate forecast revisited-The problem of field growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017282","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A petroleum discovery-rate forecast revisited-The problem of field growth","docAbstract":"A forecast of the future rates of discovery of crude oil and natural gas for the 123,027-km2 Miocene/Pliocene trend in the Gulf of Mexico was made in 1980. This forecast was evaluated in 1988 by comparing two sets of data: (1) the actual versus the forecasted number of fields discovered, and (2) the actual versus the forecasted volumes of crude oil and natural gas discovered with the drilling of 1,820 wildcat wells along the trend between January 1, 1977, and December 31, 1985. The forecast specified that this level of drilling would result in the discovery of 217 fields containing 1.78 billion barrels of oil equivalent; however, 238 fields containing 3.57 billion barrels of oil equivalent were actually discovered. This underestimation is attributed to biases introduced by field growth and, to a lesser degree, the artificially low, pre-1970's price of natural gas that prevented many smaller gas fields from being brought into production at the time of their discovery; most of these fields contained less than 50 billion cubic feet of producible natural gas. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782112","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., and Schuenemeyer, J., 1992, A petroleum discovery-rate forecast revisited-The problem of field growth: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 1, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782112.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782112"},{"id":224689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d6e4b0c8380cd46978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017318,"text":"70017318 - 1992 - Ammonia fixation by humic substances: A nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:30:51","indexId":"70017318","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonia fixation by humic substances: A nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study","docAbstract":"The process of ammonia fixation has been studied in three well characterized and structurally diverse fulvic and humic acid samples. The Suwannee River fulvic acid, and the IHSS peat and leonardite humic acids, were reacted with 15N-labelled ammonium hydroxide, and analyzed by liquid phase 15N NMR spectrometry. Elemental analyses and liquid phase 13C NMR spectra also were recorded on the samples before and after reaction with ammonium hydroxide. The largest increase in percent nitrogen occurred with the Suwannee River fulvic acid, which had a nitrogen content of 0.88% before fixation and 3.17% after fixation. The 15N NMR spectra revealed that ammonia reacted similarly with all three samples, indicating that the functional groups which react with ammonia exist in structural configurations common to all three samples. The majority of nitrogcn incorporated into the samples appears to be in the form of indole and pyrrole nitrogen, followed by pyridine, pyrazine, amide and aminohydroquinone nitrogen. Chemical changes in the individual samples upon fixation could not be discerned from the 13C NMR spectra.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(92)90017-M","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Mikita, M., 1992, Ammonia fixation by humic substances: A nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study: Science of Total Environment, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 67-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90017-M.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9bee4b0c8380cd48412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikita, M.A.","contributorId":20081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikita","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014903,"text":"1014903 - 1992 - Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T13:12:31.178449","indexId":"1014903","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., and Thune, R., 1992, Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters: Biomedical Letters, v. 47, no. 188, p. 355-362.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thune, R.L.","contributorId":100240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thune","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017284,"text":"70017284 - 1992 - Experiments with central-limit properties of spatial samples from locally covariant random fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:54:44.774452","indexId":"70017284","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3243,"text":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experiments with central-limit properties of spatial samples from locally covariant random fields","docAbstract":"When spatial samples are statistically dependent, the classical estimator of sample-mean standard deviation is well known to be inconsistent. For locally dependent samples, however, consistent estimators of sample-mean standard deviation can be constructed. The present paper investigates the sampling properties of one such estimator, designated as the tau estimator of sample-mean standard deviation. In particular, the asymptotic normality properties of standardized sample means based on tau estimators are studied in terms of computer experiments with simulated sample-mean distributions. The effects of both sample size and dependency levels among samples are examined for various value of tau (denoting the size of the spatial kernel for the estimator). The results suggest that even for small degrees of spatial dependency, the tau estimator exhibits significantly stronger normality properties than does the classical estimator of standardized sample means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-0462(92)90036-Z","issn":"01660462","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., and Smith, T.E., 1992, Experiments with central-limit properties of spatial samples from locally covariant random fields: Regional Science and Urban Economics, v. 22, no. 3, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(92)90036-Z.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e01e4b0c8380cd53273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, T. H.","contributorId":29468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. E.","contributorId":23530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017205,"text":"70017205 - 1992 - Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T16:05:04","indexId":"70017205","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain","docAbstract":"The hydrologic and solute budgets of a lake can be strongly influenced by transient groundwater flow. Several shallow interdunal lakes in southwest Spain are in close hydraulic connection with the shallow ground water. Two permanent lakes and one intermittent lake have chloride concentrations that differ by almost an order of magnitude. A two-dimensional solute-transport model, modified to simulate transient groundwater-lake interaction, suggests that the rising water table during the wet season leads to local flow reversals toward the lakes. Response of the individual lakes, however, varies depending on the lake's position in the regional flow system. The most dilute lake is a flow-through lake during the entire year; the through flow is driven by regional groundwater flow. The other permanent lake, which has a higher solute concentration, undergoes seasonal groundwater flow reversals at its downgradient end, resulting in complex seepage patterns and higher solute concentrations in the ground water near the lake. The solute concentration of the intermittent lake is influenced more strongly by the seasonal wetting and drying cycle than by the regional flow system. Although evaporation is the major process affecting the concentration of conservative solutes in the lakes, geochemical and biochemical reactions influence the concentration of nonconservative solutes. Probable reactions in the lakes include biological uptake of solutes and calcite precipitation; probable reactions as lake water seeps into the aquifer are sulfate reduction and calcite dissolution. Seepage reversals can result in water composition that appears inconsistent with predictions based on head measurements because, under transient flow conditions, the flow direction at any instant may not satisfactorily depict the source of the water. Understanding the dynamic nature of groundwater-lake interaction aids in the interpretation of hydrologic and chemical relations between the lakes and the ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90008-J","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., Herman, J.S., Konikow, L.F., and Vela, A.L., 1992, Seasonal dynamics of groundwater-lake interactions at Doñana National Park, Spain: Journal of Hydrology, v. 136, no. 1-4, p. 123-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90008-J.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889ae4b08c986b316a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vela, Antonio L.","contributorId":78884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vela","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017328,"text":"70017328 - 1992 - Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:21:30.580845","indexId":"70017328","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories","docAbstract":"The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a few hundred meters of water are close to the Martian surface, but evidence from SNC meteorites indicates that the Martian mantle is very dry, containing no more than about 35 ppm water. Part of the difference in water content of the mantles of the two planets is attributed to plate tectonics. However, the Earth's mantle appears to contain at least several times the water content of the Martian mantle, even accounting for plate tectonics. We attribute the difference to two possible causes. The first possibility is that melting of the Earth's surface during accretion, as a result of the development of a steam atmosphere, allowed impact-devolatized water at the surface to dissolve into the Earth's interior. In contrast, because of Mars' smaller size and greater distance from the Sun, the Martian surface may not have melted, so that the devolatilized water could not dissolve into the surface. A second and preferred possibility is that Mars, like the Earth, acquired a late volatile rich veneer, but it did not get folded into the interior as with the Earth, but instead remained as a water-rich veneer. The perception of Mars as having a wet surface, but a dry interior, is consistent with what we know of the geologic history of Mars, which can be viewed as the progressive intrusion and overplating of a water-rich crust by dry, mantle-derived volcanic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(92)90207-N","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Wanke, H., 1992, Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories: Icarus, v. 98, no. 1, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(92)90207-N.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0498e4b0c8380cd50a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanke, H.","contributorId":32685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanke","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017238,"text":"70017238 - 1992 - Simultaneous parameter estimation and contaminant source characterization for coupled groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:52:31.022035","indexId":"70017238","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous parameter estimation and contaminant source characterization for coupled groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling","docAbstract":"Parameter estimation and contaminant source characterization are key steps in the development of a coupled groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation model. Here a methodologyfor simultaneous model parameter estimation and source characterization is presented. The parameter estimation/source characterization inverse model combines groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation with non-linear maximum likelihood estimation to determine optimal estimates of the unknown model parameters and source characteristics based on measurements of hydraulic head and contaminant concentration. First-order uncertainty analysis provides a means for assessing the reliability of the maximum likelihood estimates and evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the flow and transport model predictions. A series of hypothetical examples is presented to demonstrate the ability of the inverse model to solve the combined parameter estimation/source characterization inverse problem. Hydraulic conductivities, effective porosity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, boundary flux, and contaminant flux at the source are estimated for a two-dimensional groundwater system. In addition, characterization of the history of contaminant disposal or location of the contaminant source is demonstrated. Finally, the problem of estimating the statistical parameters that describe the errors associated with the head and concentration data is addressed. A stage-wise estimation procedure is used to jointly estimate these statistical parameters along with the unknown model parameters and source characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90092-A","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wagner, B., 1992, Simultaneous parameter estimation and contaminant source characterization for coupled groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling: Journal of Hydrology, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 275-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90092-A.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d5e4b08c986b319698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, B.J.","contributorId":18012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017235,"text":"70017235 - 1992 - Uranium-series isochron dating at El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain): The \"Acheulean\"/\"Mousterian\" question","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:54:29.228392","indexId":"70017235","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series isochron dating at El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain): The \"Acheulean\"/\"Mousterian\" question","docAbstract":"A massive flowstone layer, Level 23, near the base of the stratigraphic sequence in El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain), is dated by the uranium-series isochron method to 89+11/−10 ka bp. The flowstone separates cultural layers traditionally labelled “Mousterian” (above) and “Acheulean” (below). The date reported here, in association with other recent age determinations for “Mousterian” and “Acheulean” artifact assemblages in Western Europe, calls into question the temporal significance of these archaeological designations. In addition, it further underlies the importance of the Castillo cultural sequence and allows tentative discussion of changing rates of sedimentation in the vestibule of the cave, where some 18 m of cultural and geological deposits were laid down during the course of the Upper Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0305-4403(92)90006-O","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Garcia, J.F., and Straus, L., 1992, Uranium-series isochron dating at El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain): The \"Acheulean\"/\"Mousterian\" question: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 19, no. 1, p. 49-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(92)90006-O.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe02e4b08c986b32936b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Jose Francisco","contributorId":11629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Francisco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Straus, L.G.","contributorId":24930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straus","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017239,"text":"70017239 - 1992 - Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:52:39.795105","indexId":"70017239","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures","title":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures","docAbstract":"The Gibbs energies of mixing for NaCl-KCl binary solids and liquids and solid-saturated NaCl-KCl-H2O ternary liquids were modeled using asymmetric Margules treatments. The coefficients of the expressions were calibrated using an extensive array of binary solvus and solidus data, and both binary and ternary liquidus data. Over the PTX range considered, the system exhibits complete liquid miscibility among all three components and extensive solid solution along the anhydrous binary. Solid-liquid and solid-solid phase equilibria were calculated by using the resulting equations and invoking the equality of chemical potentials of NaCl and KCl between appropriate phases at equilibrium. The equations reproduce the ternary liquidus and predict activity coefficients for NaCl and KCl components in the aqueous liquid under solid-saturation conditions between 673 and 1200 K from vapor saturation up to 5 kbar. In the NaCl-KCl anhydrous binary system, the equations describe phase equilibria and predict activity coefficients of the salt components for all stable compositions of solid and liquid phases between room temperature and 1200 K and from 1 bar to 5 kbar.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90190-T","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sterner, S., Chou, I., Downs, R., and Pitzer, K.S., 1992, Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 6, p. 2295-2309, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90190-T.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2295","endPage":"2309","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7882e4b0c8380cd786fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sterner, S.M.","contributorId":49526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterner","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downs, R.T.","contributorId":93635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitzer, Kenneth S.","contributorId":94435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitzer","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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