A modification of the steady-state centrifuge method (SSCM) for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement improves the range and adjustability of this method. The modified apparatus allows mechanical adjustments to vary the measured K by a factor of 360. In addition, the use of different flow-regulating ceramic materials can give a total K range covering about six orders of magnitude. The increment of K adjustment is a factor of about 1.6. This makes it potentially useful for measuring targeted values of K or, through a trial and error procedure, of water content (θ). The range extension afforded by this modification has led to the lowest steady-state K measurement to date: 1.1 × 10−11 m/s at θ of 0.068 m3water/m3 for a sandy soil of the Delhi series (mixed, thermic Typic Xeropsamment).
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060017x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., Akstin, K., and Mello, K., 1992, Improved apparatus for measuring hydraulic conductivity at low water content: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1758-1761, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060017x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1758","endPage":"1761","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3951e4b0c8380cd618a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akstin, K.C.","contributorId":105445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mello, K.A.","contributorId":54241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002246,"text":"2002246 - 1992 - Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002246","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California, NPS Cooperative Park Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., Clark, R., and Soiseth, C., 1992, Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park: Technical Report 47.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R.A.","contributorId":13168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soiseth, C.R.","contributorId":51231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soiseth","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015621,"text":"1015621 - 1992 - [Book review] Life History and Ecology of the Slider Turtle, by J. W. Gibbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-08T17:16:16","indexId":"1015621","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3778,"text":"Wildlife Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Life History and Ecology of the Slider Turtle, by J. W. Gibbons","docAbstract":"Review of: Life History and Ecology of the Slider Turtle. J. W. Gibbons. Smithsonian, 2000. ISBN: 1560982136.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1992, [Book review] Life History and Ecology of the Slider Turtle, by J. W. Gibbons: Wildlife Review, v. 229, p. 241-242.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"229","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014685,"text":"1014685 - 1992 - Mechanisms and function of school formation in subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:35:04.450762","indexId":"1014685","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms and function of school formation in subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","docAbstract":"The behavioural repertoire of subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima) was studied in the laboratory to examine pathways leading to Aggregation and School formation at various group sizes (3–100 fish per 500-liter tank). Three hypotheses were tested: (1) schooling is the dominant behavioural activity of subyearling American shad, (2) development and maintenance of cohesive social behaviour is affected b group size, and (3) survival is a function of group size. Seventeen discrete behaviour patterns were observed. In relation to group size, the amount of time spent Schooling varied directly whereas Following and Aggregating varied inversely. The number of bouts of Parallel orient, Parallel swim, and Pivot also varied inversely with group size. A conceptual model was developed and tested to show how normal schooling behaviour is achieved in small or fragmented groups through intermediary modal action patterns. Sequence analysis showed behavioural diversity to diminish with group size, thereby increasing group cohesion and uniformity of response to stimuli. Probability of survival, determined from weekly mortality in experimental tanks, increased significantly with group size (0.87–0.98 for 3–100 fish). It is hypothesized that survival improves with an increase in the proportion of time spent Schooling, which may increase feeding efficiency, reduce stress, or reduce metabolic expenditures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.1992.tb00676.x","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Backman, T.W., 1992, Mechanisms and function of school formation in subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 8, no. 1-4, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1992.tb00676.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1992.tb00676.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backman, T. W. H.","contributorId":84307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017266,"text":"70017266 - 1992 - Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017266","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)","docAbstract":"One of the goals of NAPAP-sponsored research on the effects of acidic deposition on carbonate stone has been to quantify the incremental effects of wet and dry deposition of hydrogen ion, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on stone erosion. Test briquettes and slabs of freshly quarried Indiana limestone and Vermont marble have been exposed to ambient environmental conditions in a long-term exposure program. Physical measurements of the recession of test stones exposed to ambient conditions at an angle of 30?? to horizontal at the five NAPAP materials exposure sites range from ~15 to ~30?? ??m yr-1 for marble, and from ~25 to ~45 ??m yr -1 for limestone, and are approximately double the recession estimates based on the observed calcium content of run-off solutions from test slabs. The difference between the physical and chemical recession measurements is attributed to the loss of mineral grains from the stone surfaces that are not measured in the run-off experiments. The erosion due to grain loss does not appear to be influenced by rainfall acidity, however, preliminary evidence suggests that grain loss may be influenced by dry deposition of sulfur dioxide between rainfall events. Chemical analyses of the run-off solutions and associated rainfall blanks suggest that ~30% of erosion by dissolution can be attributed to the wet deposition of hydrogen ion and the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitric acid between rain events. The remaining ~70% of erosion by dissolution is accounted for by the solubility of carbonate stone in rain that is in equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide ('clean rain'). These results are for marble and limestone slabs exposed at an angle of 30?? from horizontal. The relative contribution of sulfur dioxide to chemical erosion is significantly enhanced for stone slabs having an inclination of 60?? or 85??. The dry deposition of alkaline particulate material has a mitigating effect at the two urban field exposure sites at Washington, DC, and Steubenville, OH.","largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N","issn":"09571272","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., Reddy, M., Reimann, K., and Sciammarella, C., 1992, Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone - experimental results from the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), in Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere, v. 26, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90018-N"},{"id":225211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0679e4b0c8380cd51272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimann, K.J.","contributorId":19035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sciammarella, C.A.","contributorId":62086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sciammarella","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017332,"text":"70017332 - 1992 - Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:49:50","indexId":"70017332","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants surveyed, as well as for boron and phosphorus: (1) enrichment of elements in the Chicago urban area and in streams draining the urban area relative to rural areas, (2) enrichment in main stems relative to tributaries, and (3) enrichment in low-order streams at high-population-density sites relative to low-population-density sites. Significant differences in background concentrations, as measured by samples from low-order streams, were observed among five subbasins in the study area. Uncertain geochemical correspondence between low-order, background sites and high-order, generally metal enriched sites prevented determination of background levels that would be appropriate for high-order sites. The within-sample ratio of enriched elements was variable within the Chicago area but was constant in the Illinois River downstream from Chicago. Element ratios imply a composite fine-fraction sediment in the Illinois River of 35-40 percent Des Plaines River origin and 60-65 percent Kankakee River origin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Colman, J., and Sanzolone, R.F., 1992, Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 28, no. 5, p. 933-950, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x.","startPage":"933","endPage":"950","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267704,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x"},{"id":224740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15f1e4b0c8380cd54fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, J.A.","contributorId":63032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017320,"text":"70017320 - 1992 - Types of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70017320","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Types of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"The western Snake River Plain graben in southwestern Idaho includes a large hydrovolcanic field which was produced in late Miocene to Pleistocene time by the interaction of rising basaltic magmas with the waters and water-saturated deposits of an enormous freshwater lake, Lake Idaho. The phreatomagmatic volcanoes in this field may be grouped into three types: emergent, subaqueous and subaerial. Emergent volcanoes, which began erupting under water and built up above the lake level, are relatively large and symmetrical, are dominated by bedded tuffs and late magmatic deposits, and are excellent indicators of water depth at the time of the eruption. Subaqueous volcanoes, which never built up above the lake level, are relatively small and asymmetrical, are dominated by basal massive deposits, and are potentially useful in discriminating between deep- and very-deep-water settings. Subaerial volcanoes, which were formed when magmas intercepted buried aquifers and interacted explosively with water, are small tuff rings and maars with variable shapes, are composed of subequal (although variable) proportions of basal massive deposits, bedded tuffs and late magmatic deposits, and are useful in determining the stratigraphic successions underlying them. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Godchaux, M., Bonnichsen, B., and Jenks, M., 1992, Types of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 52, no. 1-3, p. 1-25.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9b3e4b08c986b327d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godchaux, M.M.","contributorId":91638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godchaux","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonnichsen, B.","contributorId":19300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnichsen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenks, M.D.","contributorId":16885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222778,"text":"5222778 - 1992 - Selenium and boron in aquatic birds from central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T16:00:22.477776","indexId":"5222778","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and boron in aquatic birds from central California","docAbstract":"Subsurface agricultural drainwater used for marsh management has resulted in trace element contamination of aquatic bird food chains in central California. Consequently, we collected breeding and wintering aquatic birds from the Grassland Water District (GWD) of California during 1985-88 to measure selenium (Se) and boron (B) contamination resulting from use of such drainage water for wetland management. During the breeding and wintering periods, livers of birds from the North and South areas of the Grasslands contained concentrations of Se and B that have been associated with reproductive impairment. Birds from the South Grasslands, which had received more undiluted drainage water, were more contaminated than those from the North Grasslands. Birds had higher (P < 0.001) levels of Se and B at the end of the 1985-86 wintering period than at the beginning, indicating that the Grasslands was the major source of contamination. Concentrations of Se decreased from 1985 through 1988, after freshwater was substituted for irrigation drainage water during autumn 1985. B concentrations in wintering birds, except for American coots (Fulica americana), declined to background levels, while concentrations in breeding birds remained slightly elevated. However, after 3 years of freshwater management of the Grasslands, liver Se levels in some breeding and wintering birds still were above concentrations associated with impaired reproduction in laboratory and field studies. In areas with high potential for leaching of Se and B from agricultural land, irrigation drainage water should not be used for wetland management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808788","usgsCitation":"Paveglio, F.L., Bunck, C., and Heinz, G.H., 1992, Selenium and boron in aquatic birds from central California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 1, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808788.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California, Grassland Water District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.80439906772688,\n 37.364263520415165\n ],\n [\n -120.80439906772688,\n 36.934601009577634\n ],\n [\n -120.12061005233045,\n 36.934601009577634\n ],\n [\n -120.12061005233045,\n 37.364263520415165\n ],\n [\n -120.80439906772688,\n 37.364263520415165\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paveglio, Fred L.","contributorId":76850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paveglio","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M.","contributorId":210764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine M.","affiliations":[{"id":38142,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD (Retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, Gary H.","contributorId":85698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017299,"text":"70017299 - 1992 - Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:59:14","indexId":"70017299","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe","docAbstract":"Bioassays were carried out to assess the response of inoculated, single-species diatom populations (Cyclotella meneghiniana and Aulocosiera italica) to additions of synthetic chelators and phosphate. A chemical speciation model along with the field data was also used to predict how trace metal speciation, and hence bioavailability, was affected by the chelator additions. Results suggest that phosphate was limiting to phytoplankton biomass. Other solutes, Fe in particular, may also exert controls on biomass. Nitrate limitation seems less likely, although Fe-limiting conditions may have led to an effective N limitation because algae require Fe to carry out nitrate reduction. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f92-136","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., Kuwabara, J., and Pasilis, S., 1992, Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1206-1215, https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-136.","startPage":"1206","endPage":"1215","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269548,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-136"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7896e4b0c8380cd78728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pasilis, S.P.","contributorId":26082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasilis","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017298,"text":"70017298 - 1992 - Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:44:46","indexId":"70017298","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance","docAbstract":"Three images of Venus have been returned so far by the Galileo spacecraft following an encounter with the planet on UT February 10, 1990. The images, taken at effective wavelengths of 4200 and 9900 A??, characterize the global motions and distribution of haze near the Venus cloud tops and, at the latter wavelength, deep within the main cloud. Previously undetected markings are clearly seen in the near-infrared image. The global distribution of these features, which have maximum contrasts of 3%, is different from that recorded at short wavelengths. In particular, the \"polar collar,\" which is omnipresent in short wavelength images, is absent at 9900 A??. The maximum contrast in the features at 4200 A?? is about 20%. The optical performance of the camera is described and is judged to be nominal. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Gierasch, P., Klaasen, K., Anger, C., Carr, M.H., Chapman, C.R., Davies, M.E., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J., Neukum, G., Pilcher, C., Veverka, J., Fanale, F.P., Ingersoll, A., Pollock, J., Morrison, D., Clary, M., Cunningham, W., and Breneman, H., 1992, Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance: Advances in Space Research, v. 12, no. 9, p. 91-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q.","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267872,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90324-Q"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3883e4b0c8380cd615c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gierasch, P.","contributorId":14957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gierasch","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaasen, K.P.","contributorId":56806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaasen","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anger, C.D.","contributorId":84514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anger","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, C. R.","contributorId":12984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pilcher, C.B.","contributorId":31917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.P.","contributorId":54735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pollock, J.B.","contributorId":10558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Clary, M.C.","contributorId":70932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clary","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Cunningham, W.","contributorId":68043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Breneman, H.","contributorId":59186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breneman","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70017295,"text":"70017295 - 1992 - Reconnaissance exploration geochemistry in the central Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Implications for exploration of sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:29:18.358657","indexId":"70017295","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance exploration geochemistry in the central Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Implications for exploration of sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance geochemical survey was conducted in the southern Killik River quadrangle, central Brooks Range, northern Alaska. The Brooks Range lies within the zone of continuous permafrost which may partially inhibit chemical weathering and oxidation. The minus 30-mesh and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate fractions of sediment samples were chosen as the sample media for the survey so that mechanical rather than chemical dispersion patterns would be enhanced. A total of 263 sites were sampled within the southern half of the Killik River quadrangle at an average sample density of approximately one sample per 12 km2. All samples were submitted for multi-element analyses.
In the western and central Brooks Range, several known sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag(-Ba) deposits occur within a belt of Paleozoic rocks of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Exploration for this type of deposit in the Brook Range is difficult, due to the inherently high background values for Ba, Zn and Pb in shale and the common occurrence of metamorphic quartz-calcite veins, many of which contain traces of sulfide minerals. Stream sediments derived from these sources produce numerous geochemical anomalies which are not necessarily associated with significant mineralization.
R-mode factor analysis provides a means of distinguishing between element associations related to lithology and those related to possible mineralization. Factor analysis applied to the multi-element data from the southern Killik River quadrangle resulted in the discovery of two additional Zn-Pb-Ag mineral occurrences of considerable areal extent which are 80–100 km east of any previously known deposit. These have been informally named the Kady and Vidlee. Several lithogeochemical element associations, or factors, and three factors which represent sulfide mineralization were identified: Ag-Pb-Zn (galena and sphalerite) and Fe-Ni-Co-Cu (pyrite ± chalcopyrite) in the concentrate samples and Cd-Zn-Pb-As-Mn in the sediment samples. The distribution of high scores for each individual mineralization factor outlined several relatively large (200–250 km2) geochemically favorable areas. When the distribution of high scores for all three factors were superimposed, samples characterized by high scores for one or both of the concentrate mineralization factors and the mineralization factor in sediments define basin areas of approximately 48 and 64 km2 surrounding Kady and Vidlee, respectively.
The possibility that sulfate-reducing microorganisms contribute to U(VI) reduction in sedimentary environments was investigated. U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) when washed cells of sulfate-grown Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were suspended in a bicarbonate buffer with lactate or H2 as the electron donor. There was no U(VI) reduction in the absence of an electron donor or when the cells were killed by heat prior to the incubation. The rates of U(VI) reduction were comparable to those in respiratory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Azide or prior exposure of the cells to air did not affect the ability of D. desulfuricans to reduce U(VI). Attempts to grow D. desulfuricans with U(VI) as the electron acceptor were unsuccessful. U(VI) reduction resulted in the extracellular precipitation of the U(IV) mineral uraninite. The presence of sulfate had no effect on the rate of U(VI) reduction. Sulfate and U(VI) were reduced simultaneously. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) by D. desulfuricans was much faster than nonenzymatic reduction of U(VI) by sulfide, even when cells of D. desulfuricans were added to provide a potential catalytic surface for the nonenzymatic reaction. The results indicate that enzymatic U(VI) reduction by sulfate-reducing microorganisms may be responsible for the accumulation of U(IV) in sulfidogenic environments. Furthermore, since the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) precipitates uranium from solution, D. desulfuricans might be a useful organisms for recovering uranium from contaminated waters and waste streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 850-856, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e7e4b0e8fec6cdba10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017289,"text":"70017289 - 1992 - The hydrodynamics of the Big Horn basin: A study of the role of faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:51:24.687857","indexId":"70017289","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hydrodynamics of the Big Horn basin: A study of the role of faults","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional mathematical model simulates virgin groundwater flow in the Big Horn basin, Wyoming. The computed results are compared to two published interpretations of the Tensleep Sandstone virgin potentiometric surface; both of these interpretations, Bredehoeft and Bennett, and Haun, were made from the same data set. The published maps are quite different. Bredehoeft and Bennett ignored the faults; Haun treated the faults as horizontal barriers to flow.
The hydraulic head at depth over much of the Big Horn basin is near the land surface elevation, a condition usually defined as hydrostatic. This condition indicates a high, regional-scale, vertical conductivity for the sediments in the basin. Our hypothesis to explain the high conductivity is that the faults act as vertical conduits for fluid flow. These same faults can act as either horizontal barriers to flow or nonbarriers, depending upon whether the fault zones are more permeable or less permeable than the adjoining aquifers.
A three-dimensional simulation of fluid flow in the basin indicates that either of the potentiometric interpretations, that of Bredehoeft and Bennett or that of Haun, can be reproduced. The results depend upon whether the fault zones are lateral barriers to flow. In the case where the faults are lateral barriers, the basin is broken into compartments with much of the areal head loss occurring across the fault zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF8862-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., Belitz, K., and Sharp-Hansen, S., 1992, The hydrodynamics of the Big Horn basin: A study of the role of faults: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 4, p. 530-546, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8862-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Big Horn basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.95547782805107,\n 43.4855183693671\n ],\n [\n -107.20215940356405,\n 43.69167057387412\n ],\n [\n -107.53827666732178,\n 44.277621348481944\n ],\n [\n -108.17998888621935,\n 45.06059888849629\n ],\n [\n -108.6740371579595,\n 45.354664015874505\n ],\n [\n -108.97759513387714,\n 45.29580825083869\n ],\n [\n -109.13937914969532,\n 44.82712943909215\n ],\n [\n -108.94576789197424,\n 44.282944909573445\n ],\n [\n -109.05263843020288,\n 44.049748043540205\n ],\n [\n -108.67570589216763,\n 43.720473324220166\n ],\n [\n -107.95547782805107,\n 43.4855183693671\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacc5e4b08c986b32371c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp-Hansen, S.","contributorId":91247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp-Hansen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017276,"text":"70017276 - 1992 - Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017276","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah","docAbstract":"Several major monoclines that trend northward through the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area of central Utah are paired and face one another. This pairing of monoclines may have occurred when near-horizontal sedimentary and volcanic strata subsided into voids created as salt was removed from a salt diapir concealed beneath valley fill. Removal was mostly by dissolution or extrusion during Neogene time. The paired monoclines, thus, are viewed as collapse features rather than as normal synclinal folds. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1992, Paired, facing monoclines in the Sanpete-Sevier Valley area, central Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 29, no. 1, p. 5-17.","startPage":"5","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a739de4b0c8380cd77148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, I. J.","contributorId":54221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"I.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017275,"text":"70017275 - 1992 - Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017275","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes","docAbstract":"The calculation of volumes of fallout tephra layers is difficult because of the nonlinear dependence of thickness on area and because of the extrapolations required at the vent and in distal regions. Calculation using the trapezoidal rule, straight lines on log-log plots of area versus thickness, straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2, and the crystal-concentration method are reviewed and the problems with each method discussed. The method using straight lines on plots of log thickness versus area1/2 is the most geologically reasonable because most deposits thin exponentially from source and therefore plot as straight lines using these coordinates. Errors and uncertainties in previous derivations for using this method are discussed and more general formulas presented. The method is also used to gain perspective on the \"missing\" distal volumes calculated by the crystal-concentration method compared to those calculated based only on isopach data. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278005","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Nathenson, M., 1992, Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278005"},{"id":224587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4fe4b0c8380cd491b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017273,"text":"70017273 - 1992 - Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:06:23.045111","indexId":"70017273","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","docAbstract":"Modern snowpack from central south Greenland was sampled in sub-seasonal increments and analysed for a suite of major, minor and trace rock-forming metals (K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba). There is a sharp seasonal concentration maximum for all six metals that comes in summer, later than mid-June. Metal concentrations in all other parts of the year's snowpack are up to 10 or more times smaller. The concentration maximum is preceded by low values in autumn-winter, very low values in early-mid-spring, and moderate-to-high values in late spring-early summer; this pattern is seen consistently in three-separate time stratigraphic intervals representing the same seasonal periods, spanning the time interval 1981–1984. The absolute concentration values of the snow strata representing the low-concentration portion of the year, autumn-winter-spring, may vary substantially from year to year, by a factor of two, or more.
The finding that all rock-forming metals are at a sharp concentration maximum in late summer contrasts with the interpretations of several other studies in high-latitude northern regions. Those studies have reported a broad maximum of continental dust-associated metals in late winter and spring. However, samples of the other studies have mostly come from regions farther to the north, and the analyses have emphasized industrial pollutant metals rather than the matched rock-forming suite of the present study.
The metals measured were chosen to give information about the origin and identity of the rock and soil dusts, and sea salts, present as impurities in the snow. Metal ratios indicate that the dusts in the snowpacks are of continental origin and from ferromagnesian rocks. Source rock types for dusts in central south Greenland snow contrast with the felsic rock dusts of the Sierra Nevada, CA, annual snowpacks, and with the very felsic rock dusts in large south central Alaskan mountain glaciers. Samples in which masses of sea salt are much larger than those of rock dusts may be identified by small changes in metal ratios caused by moderate increases of K and Ca from marine sources, nearly unaccompanied by the minor and trace metals Rb, Cs and Ba, that are very rare in the oceans.
A sampling frequency, such as that of the present study, that divides a year's accumulation into 8–10 subsamples is sufficient to reveal details of the time pattern of variation in proportions and concentrations of metals that give information about atmospheric deposition of important types of earth materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., 1992, Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 26 A, no. 13, p. 2283-2293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2283","endPage":"2293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26 A","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc171e4b08c986b32a58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF4 and FeF3 during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.
Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO2 composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF3, MgF2, and CaF2, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017270,"text":"70017270 - 1992 - Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:16:50.666082","indexId":"70017270","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Brine seepage into the Dolores River from ground water in Paradox Valley, Colorado constitutes a major source of salt to the Colorado River. Plants are enderway to remove this source of salt by drawing down the Paradox Valley brine (PVB) and forcibly injecting it into a deep disposal well (4.8 km). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of deep-well injection of PVB. The results show that PVB is near saturation with anhydrite at 25°C, and that heating results in anhydrite precipitation. The amount and the rate at which anhydrite forms is temperature, pressure, and substrate dependent. Paradox Valley brine heated in the presence of Precambrian rocks from the drill core produces the same amount of anhydrite as PVB heated alone, but at a greatly accelerated rate. A 30% dilution of PVB with Dolores River water completely eliminates anhydrite precipitation when the fluid is heated with the Precambrian rocks. Interaction of PVB and Leadville Limestone is characterized by dolomitization of calcite by brine Mg which releases Ca to solution. This added Ca reacts with SO4 to form increased amounts of anhydrite. A 20% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water has no effect on dolomitization and reduces the amount of anhydrite only slightly. A 65% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water still does not prevent dolomitization but does suppress anhydrite formation. Computer modeling of PVB by programs utilizing the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters is in general agreement with the experimental results. Ion-activity products calculated by both SOLMINEQ and PHRQPITZ are close to equilibrium with both anhydrite and dolomite whenever these phases are present experimentally, although the calculations over-estimate by a factor of 2 the degree of saturation. Some discrepancies in the calculated results between the two programs are due largely to differences in mineral solubility data.
Faecal samples were collected from wild birds frequenting salmonid fish hatcheries to determine if birds excrete infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in their faeces. Samples were collected from early June through early September. IPN virus was detected in faeces from herons, mallards, and other birds at titres similar to the titres found in the hatchery fish. Bird predation and virus prevalence in bird faeces was much reduced at a hatchery using electric fence barriers to deter birds and at a hatchery where the entire raceway area was enclosed by netting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1992, Recovery of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the faeces of wild piscivorous birds: Aquaculture, v. 106, no. 3/4, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014903,"text":"1014903 - 1992 - Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T13:12:31.178449","indexId":"1014903","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., and Thune, R., 1992, Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid-extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein Biomedical Letters: Biomedical Letters, v. 47, no. 188, p. 355-362.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thune, R.L.","contributorId":100240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thune","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014852,"text":"1014852 - 1992 - Host defense mechanisms of Cephalopods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:04:41.663908","indexId":"1014852","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":810,"text":"Annual Review of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host defense mechanisms of Cephalopods","docAbstract":"Humoral and cellular mechanisms of defense have been described for cephalopods, a relatively advanced group of mollusks. Typical of other mollusks, cephalopod agglutinins are the most documented component of humoral immunity. Lectins, which have agglutinating properties, have been described and characterized from octopuses. Agglutinins from cephalopod hemolymph have also been shown to agglutinate a variety of vertebrate red blood cells, as well as potential bacterial pathogens. Hemocytes are the primary component of cellular immunity. Although the hemocyte role in phagocytosis has been extensively studied in other mollusks, the mechanisms of phagocytosis have not been described extensively for cephalopods. Cephalopod hemocytes have phagocytic capabilities and may function in encapsulation and neutralization of foreign substances; however, the effects of environmental factors and the full extent of phagocytic capabilities of cephalopod hemocytes have not been reported. Hemocytes from cephalopods have a role in wound healing and inflammation which have been reported in detail by several investigators.