Five samples of hydrothermal fluids from two vent areas on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved gases. Concentrations in the end-member hydrothermal fluid of H2 (270–527 μmol/kg), CH4 (82–118 μmol/kg), and CO2 (3920–4460 μmol/kg) are well above values in ambient seawater and are similar to concentrations reported for other ridge crest hydrothermal systems. The carbon isotopic ratios of the CH4 (δ13C = −17.8 to −20.8) and CO2 (δ13C = −3.6 to −4.7) suggest that at least some of the CH4 and CO2 in the fluids is basalt-derived. The range of δ13C values for the basalt-derived CO2 is −6.8 to −9.7, calculated by assuming conservation of recharge ΣCO2 during hydrothermal circulation. Apparent temperatures of equilibration between the CH4 and the basalt-derived CO2 range from 640°C to 750°C. Small amounts of ethane (C2H6/CH4 ≅ 0.9 × 10−3−2.2 × 10−3), propane, and butane detected in the samples may also have formed in the basalt. One sample of almost pure (95.5%) hydrothermal fluid contained a significant fraction, up to 63% and 74%, respectively, of the recharge Ar and N2. This suggests that the fluid has not undergone extensive vapor-liquid phase separation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB12p15305","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., White, L.D., and Rapp, J.B., 1988, Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B12, p. 15305-15313, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB12p15305.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"15305","endPage":"15313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1713e4b0c8380cd55387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014445,"text":"70014445 - 1988 - Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:02:47.571472","indexId":"70014445","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores","docAbstract":"As part of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling project, the interstitial waters of cores from 69 holes were sampled for deuterium analysis. Sixteen of the cores penetrated sediments as old as Eocene, and several sampled Cretaceous sediments, which allowed us to examine changes in the deuterium content of the oceans with time. Deuterium is shown to be a conservative constituent of the pore water. Its abundance in the pore fluids can be changed by diffusion, but the rate is slow, and corrections for this effect have been made. Changes in the abundance of deuterium can be related to changes in the amount of ice stored in continental glaciers, inasmuch as precipitation in the form of snow is highly depleted in deuterium compared with the oceans. Many of the cores show a change in isotopic composition of samples from early to late Miocene that can be ascribed to the buildup of the Antarctic ice sheets. After correcting for the role of diffusion in reducing the isotopic contrast between samples from a single core, we estimate an increase of 10 per mil (‰) δD (corresponding to a° δ18O change of about 1.2‰) between the early and late Miocene. A similiar analysis of Pleistocene to Holocene changes indicates a δD rise of 8‰ during the time of maximum continental ice, which corresponds to a δ18O increase of about 1.0‰. On the basis of limited data, we find no δD change in the oceans from Cretaceous to Miocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC093iC07p08249","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Hardcastle, K., 1988, Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. C7, p. 8249-8263, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC07p08249.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8249","endPage":"8263","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0004e4b0c8380cd4f539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardcastle, K.","contributorId":45825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardcastle","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014418,"text":"70014418 - 1988 - Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T00:03:13.198919","indexId":"70014418","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional velocity model for the area surrounding the 24 April 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake has been developed by simultaneously inverting local earthquake and refraction arrival-time data. This velocity model corresponds well to the surface geology of the region, predominantly showing a low-velocity region associated with the sedimentary sequence to the southwest of the Madrone Springs fault. This low-velocity sequence extends to a depth of approximately 5 km. Previously constructed geologic cross-sections for this region had suggested that these sediments extended to a depth of less than 2 km. Relocation of 2,179 hypocenters with the three-dimensional velocity model did not show great differences when compared to locations done with a one-dimensional velocity model with station corrections. In both cases, the Calaveras fault is steep but has a noticeable dip to the northeast and the seismicity does not intersect the surface along the trace of the Calaveras fault in the southern half of the rupture zone. The greatest differences between the two sets of locations was that the locations using the three-dimensional velocity model were deeper, and fewer earthquakes were located within the low-velocity region. The focal mechanisms were also determined for 946 earthquakes using both the one-dimensional and three-dimensional earth models. Both earth models yield similar focal mechanisms for these earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780031199","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 1988, Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 3, p. 1199-1221, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780031199.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422213,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/3/1199/102327/Effects-of-three-dimensional-velocity-structure-on"},{"id":226221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 37.421031586189955\n ],\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 36.94800385988415\n ],\n [\n -121.0560161719405,\n 36.94800385988415\n ],\n [\n -121.0560161719405,\n 37.421031586189955\n ],\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 37.421031586189955\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080ce4b0c8380cd5194f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014417,"text":"70014417 - 1988 - Three-dimensional P velocity structure of the crust below Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:46:28.611033","indexId":"70014417","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional P velocity structure of the crust below Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Utilizing teleseismic P residuals, we have detected a column of high P velocity material extending from within 10 km of the surface below the summit of Newberry Volcano, Oregon, to midcrustal depths near 25 km. We interpret this column to be the expression of a swarm of predominantly subsolidus gabbroic sills and dikes which were intruded as the volcano was built. The high P velocities observed below the volcano severely limit the size of magma chambers which could presently exist in the crust below Newberry Volcano. Those possible include a few percent of partial melt distributed through large volumes of a mafic intrusion zone in the midcrust; a few, smaller, higher melt fraction zones in the midcrust with dimensions less than 6 km and whose aggregate volume is only a few percent of enclosing volumes of 200 km3; small magma bodies with dimensions of a few kilometers located within the upper 10 km of the crust; or a mafic, crystal-rich magma of arbitrary dimensions located in the upper few km. The low P velocities detected in the upper 4 km beneath the center of the summit caldera may be partially caused by a magma chamber in the second of these catagories.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10095","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stauber, D., Green, S., and Iyer, H.M., 1988, Three-dimensional P velocity structure of the crust below Newberry Volcano, Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10095-10107, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10095.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10095","endPage":"10107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb31ee4b08c986b325bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauber, D.A.","contributorId":52183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, S.M.","contributorId":30378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014416,"text":"70014416 - 1988 - On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:13:21.965867","indexId":"70014416","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces","docAbstract":"Numerous published analyses of the nontectonic state of stress are based on Hooke's law and the boundary condition of zero horizontal deformation. This approach has been used to determine the gravitational stress state as well as the effects of processes such as erosion and temperature changes on the state of lithospheric stress. The major disadvantage of these analyses involves the assumption of lateral constraint which seems unrealistic in view of the observational fact that the crust can deform horizontally in response to applied loads. If the same problems are addressed by assuming that the remote stress state is constant, instead of the condition of zero horizontal deformation, then the resulting stress states are entirely different and in good accord with observations. In the absence of applied tectonic forces the only likely gravitational stress states are those for which all three principal stresses are nearly equal. To the contrary, the gravitational stress states developed on the basis of the lateral constraint assumption can be ruled out. The processes of erosion and sedimentation have slight tendencies to increase and decrease, respectively, the state of deviatoric stress. In particular, for initial stress states in the range of slightly extensional to compressional, erosion has the effect of enhancing the ratio of average horizontal to vertical stress, which may explain, at least in part, the common observation of high near-surface horizontal stresses. Temperature changes have only minor effects on the stress state, as averaged over the thickness of the lithosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p13609","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1988, On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 13609-13617, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p13609.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13609","endPage":"13617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dfde4b0c8380cd75431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014415,"text":"70014415 - 1988 - Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:16:00.789139","indexId":"70014415","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic data for lava flows from sporadic but long-lived eruptions in the McMurdo Sound region are combined with previously published geologic and geochronologic data to determine the general eruptive sequence of the area. Lava flows in the Walcott Bay area were erupted during the Gauss Normal, Matuyama Reversed, and Brunhes Normal Polarity Chrons. The youngest flows on Black Island probably erupted near the boundary between the Gilbert and Gauss chrons. The most recent activity was concentrated on the volcanic edifices of Mounts Morning and Discovery and on Ross Island where Mount Erebus is currently active. Combining virtual geomagnetic poles calculated for 39 units sampled during this study with those of eight flows that were published previously yields a mean paleomagnetic pole at 87.3°N, 317.3°E (α95 = 6.3°). The ancient geomagnetic field dispersion about this mean pole is 23.5°, with upper and lower limits of 95% confidence equal to 27.4° and 20.5°, respectively. This value probably is a reasonable estimate of secular variation for the Antarctic continent during Pliocene and Pleistocene time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB10p11599","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E., and Cox, A., 1988, Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B10, p. 11599-11612, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB10p11599.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11599","endPage":"11612","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7410e4b0c8380cd773fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014400,"text":"70014400 - 1988 - Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:27:29","indexId":"70014400","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples","docAbstract":"Three distinct types of solid material are associated with each sample of the hydrothermal fluid that was collected from the vents of the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. The solid materials appear to be representative of deposits on ocean floors near mid-ocean ridges, and interpretation of the chemistry of the hydrothermal solutions requires understanding of them. Sr isotopic evidence indicates that at least two and probably all three of these solid materials were removed from the solution with which they are associated, by precipitation or adsorption. This occurred after the \"pure\" hydrothermal fluid was diluted and thoroughly mixed with ambient seawater. The three types of solid materials, are, respectively, a coarse Zn- and Fe-rich material with small amounts of Na and Ca; a finer material also rich in Zn and Fe, but with alkali and alkaline-earth metals; and a scum composed of Ba or Zn, with either considerable Fe or Si, and Sr. Mineral identification is uncertain because of uncertain anion composition. Only in the cases of Ba and Zn were metal masses greater in solid materials than in the associated fluids. For all other metals measured, masses in fluids dwarf those in solids. The fluids themselves contain greater concentrations of all metals measured, except Mg, than seawater. We discuss in detail the relative merits of two methods of determining the mixing proportions of \"pure\" hydrothermal solution and seawater in the fluids, one based on Sr isotopes, and another previously used method based on Mg concentrations. Comparison of solute concentrations in the several samples shows that degree of dilution of \"pure\" hydrothermal solutions by seawater, and amounts of original solutes that were removed from it as solid materials, are not related. There is no clear evidence that appreciable amounts of solid materials were not conserved (lost) either during or prior to sample collection. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., Seeley, J.L., and Tatsumoto, M., 1988, Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples: Chemical Geology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 235-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2.","startPage":"235","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2"},{"id":225894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c25e4b0c8380cd69a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeley, J. L.","contributorId":57864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014398,"text":"70014398 - 1988 - Acid neutralizing processes in an alpine watershed front range, Colorado, U.S.A.-1: Buffering capacity of dissolved organic carbon in soil solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T11:27:04.369244","indexId":"70014398","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid neutralizing processes in an alpine watershed front range, Colorado, U.S.A.-1: Buffering capacity of dissolved organic carbon in soil solutions","docAbstract":"Soil interstitial waters in the Green Lakes Valley, Front Range, Colorado were studied to evaluate the capacity of the soil system to buffer acid deposition. In order to determine the contribution of humic substances to the buffering capacity of a given soil, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH of the soil solutions were measured. The concentration of the organic anion, Ai−, derived from DOC at sample pH and the concentration of organic anion, Ax− at the equivalence point were calculated using car☐yl contents from isolated and purified humic material from soil solutions. Subtracting Ax− from Ai− yields the contribution of humic substances to the buffering capacity (Aequiv.−). Using this method, one can evaluate the relative contribution of inorganic and organic constituents to the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of the soil solutions. The relative contribution of organic acids to the overall ANC was found to be extremely important in the alpine wetland (52%) and the forest-tundra ecotone (40%), and somewhat less important in the alpine tundra sites (20%). A failure to recognize the importance of organic acids in soil solutions to the ANC will result in erroneous estimates of the buffering capacity in the alpine environment of the Front Range, Colorado.
Results of recent geological and geophysical studies at Newberry Volcano have been incorporated into conceptual and numerical models of a magma-based hydrothermal system. Numerical simulations begin with emplacement of a small magma body, the presumed source of silicic eruptions at Newberry that began about 10,000 B.P., into a thermal regime representing 100,000 years of cooling of a large underlying intrusion. Simulated flow patterns and thermal histories for three sets of hypothetical permeability values are compatible with data from four geothermal drill holes on the volcano. Meteoric recharge cools the caldera-fill deposits, but thermal water moving up a central conduit representing a permeable volcanic vent produces temperatures close to those observed in drill holes within the caldera. Meteoric recharge from the caldera moves down the flanks and creates a near-isothermal zone that extends several hundred meters below the water table, producing temperature profiles similar to those observed in drill holes on the flanks. The temperatures observed in drill holes on the flanks are not influenced by the postulated Holocene magma body. The elevated temperature gradients measured in the lower portions of these holes may be related to the cumulative effect of older intrusions. The models also indicate that meteoric recharge to the deep hydrothermal system probably originates within or near the caldera. Relatively low fluid velocities at depth suggest that at least a significant fraction of the thermal fluid may be very old.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10149","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sammel, E., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Mariner, R.H., 1988, The hydrothermal system at Newberry Volcano, Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10149-10162, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10149.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10149","endPage":"10162","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baccee4b08c986b32375c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammel, E.A.","contributorId":59480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammel","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014396,"text":"70014396 - 1988 - Petrographic characteristics of the Wyodak-Anderson coal bed (Paleocene), Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:51:41","indexId":"70014396","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic characteristics of the Wyodak-Anderson coal bed (Paleocene), Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Six lithofacies of the thick ( > 30 m) Wyodak-Anderson subbituminous coal bed of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), Powder River Basin, Wyoming, can be delimited using megascopic and petrographic data. Previous lithofacies analysis of the rock types associated with the Wyodak-Anderson bed suggested that raised peat accumulated in restricted parts of an inland flood plain. The peat bodies were separated by deposits of contemporaneous, possibly anastomosed channels. In this study, megascopic descriptions from four mine highwalls of the Wyodak-Anderson coal bed were found to be similar to facies defined by microscopic data from core and highwall samples. The data indicate that the upper and lower parts of the coal bed are rich in preserved wood remains (for instance, humotelinite), whereas the middle part of the bed contains comparatively larger amounts of material that resulted from degradation and comminution of the peat (e.g. eugelinite). The facies are interpreted to be the result of different chemical and biological environments at the time of peat formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90012-5","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., and Stanton, R.W., 1988, Petrographic characteristics of the Wyodak-Anderson coal bed (Paleocene), Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Organic Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 389-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90012-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"399","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7793e4b0c8380cd7851f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Ronald W.","contributorId":37386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014394,"text":"70014394 - 1988 - Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:06:05.476808","indexId":"70014394","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks","docAbstract":"A study is described that identifies the optimum operating conditions for the accurate determination of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, Bi and Cd using simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometry. Accuracy was measured in terms of the percentage recoveries of the analytes based on certified values in nine standard reference materials. In addition to identifying optimum operating conditions for accurate analysis, conditions resulting in serious matrix interferences and the magnitude of the interferences were determined. The listed elements can be measured with acceptable accuracy in a lean to stoicheiometric flame at measurement heights ???5-10 mm above the burner.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/JA9880301039","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Kane, J.S., 1988, Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 3, no. 7, p. 1039-1045, https://doi.org/10.1039/JA9880301039.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1045","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6eeee4b0c8380cd75892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, J. S.","contributorId":106507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"J.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014162,"text":"70014162 - 1988 - Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:37:41","indexId":"70014162","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone","docAbstract":"An onsite experimental procedure was used to identify and quantify acid rain damage to carbonate stone, based on the change in rain runoff chemical composition. Onsite data obtained during the summer and fall of 1984 at three locations in the northeastern United States indicate that carbonate stone surface recession is related to acid deposition. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290130406","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., 1988, Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: a quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 13, no. 4, p. 335-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290130406.","startPage":"335","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269253,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290130406"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e693e4b0c8380cd474f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013757,"text":"70013757 - 1988 - Radarclinometry: Bootstrapping the radar reflectance function from the image pixel-signal frequency distribution and an altimetry profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013757","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radarclinometry: Bootstrapping the radar reflectance function from the image pixel-signal frequency distribution and an altimetry profile","docAbstract":"A method is derived for determining the dependence of radar backscatter on incidence angle that is applicable to the region corresponding to a particular radar image. The method is based on enforcing mathematical consistency between the frequency distribution of the image's pixel signals (histogram of DN values with suitable normalizations) and a one-dimensional frequency distribution of slope component, as might be obtained from a radar or laser altimetry profile in or near the area imaged. In order to achieve a unique solution, the auxiliary assumption is made that the two-dimensional frequency distribution of slope is isotropic. The backscatter is not derived in absolute units. The method is developed in such a way as to separate the reflectance function from the pixel-signal transfer characteristic. However, these two sources of variation are distinguishable only on the basis of a weak dependence on the azimuthal component of slope; therefore such an approach can be expected to be ill-conditioned unless the revision of the transfer characteristic is limited to the determination of an additive instrumental background level. The altimetry profile does not have to be registered in the image, and the statistical nature of the approach minimizes pixel noise effects and the effects of a disparity between the resolutions of the image and the altimetry profile, except in the wings of the distribution where low-number statistics preclude accuracy anyway. The problem of dealing with unknown slope components perpendicular to the profiling traverse, which besets the one-to-one comparison between individual slope components and pixel-signal values, disappears in the present approach. In order to test the resulting algorithm, an artificial radar image was generated from the digitized topographic map of the Lake Champlain West quadrangle in the Adirondack Mountains, U.S.A., using an arbitrarily selected reflectance function. From the same map, a one-dimensional frequency distribution of slope component was extracted. The algorithm recaptured the original reflectance function to the degree that, for the central 90% of the data, the discrepancy translates to a RMS slope error of 0.1 ???. For the central 99% of the data, the maximum error translates to 1 ???; at the absolute extremes of the data the error grows to 6 ???. ?? 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00113985","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1988, Radarclinometry: Bootstrapping the radar reflectance function from the image pixel-signal frequency distribution and an altimetry profile: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 41, no. 3, p. 223-240, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00113985.","startPage":"223","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113985"},{"id":220666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a938de4b0c8380cd80ec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013829,"text":"70013829 - 1988 - The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T10:49:23","indexId":"70013829","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C","docAbstract":"The solubility of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe was measured in two typical crude oils at temperatures of 25–100°C. The oil samples were obtained from the Elk Hills oil field located in southern San Joaquin Valley, California. The experimental procedure consisted of placing a known amount of gas with a known volume of crude oil in a stainless steel hydrothermal pressure vessel. The vessel was housed inside an oven and the entire unit rotates providing continuous mixing. The amount of gas dissolved in oil at a measured temperature and partial pressure of gas was used to calculate the solubility constants for these gases. Results show that the solubility of He and Ne in both oils is approximately the same; solubility then increases with atomic mass, with the solubility of Xe at 25°C being two orders of magnitude higher than that of He. The gas solubilities are somewhat higher in the lower density (higher API gravity) oil. The solubility of Ar is approximately constant in the range of temperatures of this study. The solubilities of He and Ne increase, but those of Kr and Xe decrease with increasing temperatures. Solubilities of noble gases in crude oil are significantly higher than their solubilities in water. For example, the solubilities of He and Xe at 25°C in the light oil of this study are, respectively, 3 and 24 times higher than their solubilities in pure water, and they are 15 and 300 times higher than in a brine with a salinity of 350,000 mg/l dissolved solids. These large and variable differences in the solubilities of noble gases in oil and water indicate that, in sedimentary basins with oil, these gases must be partitioned between oil, water and natural gas before they are used to deduce the origin and residence time of these fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(88)90001-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Specht, D.J., 1988, The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C: Applied Geochemistry, v. 3, no. 2, p. 137-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90001-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb042e4b08c986b324d34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Specht, Daniel J.","contributorId":6999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Specht","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013755,"text":"70013755 - 1988 - Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:28:11.101904","indexId":"70013755","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary","docAbstract":"Circulation and water properties within Columbia Bay, Alaska, are dominated by the effects of Columbia Glacier at the head of the Bay. The basin between the glacier terminus and the terminal moraine (sill depth of about 22 m) responds as an ‘upside down’ estuary with the subglacial discharge of freshwater entering at the bottom of the basin. The intense vertical mixing caused by the bouyant plume of freshwater creates a homogeneous water mass that exchanges with the far-field water through either a two- or a three-layer flow. In general, the glacier acts as a large heat sink and creates a water mass which is cooler than that in fjords without tidewater glaciers. The predicted retreat of Columbia Glacier would create a 40 km long fjord that has characteristics in common with other fjords in Prince William Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(88)90037-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., Josberger, E., and Driedger, C.L., 1988, Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 26, no. 6, p. 607-617, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(88)90037-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.1703347960633,\n 60.94871704435826\n ],\n [\n -147.03930202977872,\n 60.94517622667948\n ],\n [\n -146.9992047476697,\n 60.95036862872803\n ],\n [\n -146.93504909629522,\n 60.98604346821466\n ],\n [\n -146.9056444227487,\n 61.02685822073474\n ],\n [\n -146.9243564877329,\n 61.04692241618176\n ],\n [\n -146.98858600449472,\n 61.07270649667444\n ],\n [\n -147.00865983779067,\n 61.089580867265994\n ],\n [\n -147.0206890224233,\n 61.115416571124825\n ],\n [\n -146.93381157785387,\n 61.13671514213945\n ],\n [\n -146.9658894035411,\n 61.15735459345197\n ],\n [\n -146.9498504906975,\n 61.1902208362967\n ],\n [\n -147.00999641386096,\n 61.20116863964486\n ],\n [\n -147.05410342418082,\n 61.1857118114151\n ],\n [\n -147.10756646699292,\n 61.170247399055626\n ],\n [\n -147.14900032517224,\n 61.17218086544628\n ],\n [\n -147.21449255261695,\n 61.1902208362967\n ],\n [\n -147.27864820399142,\n 61.180557850104265\n ],\n [\n -147.28132135613197,\n 61.16444628860765\n ],\n [\n -147.22251200903878,\n 61.14510154675949\n ],\n [\n -147.18904686104744,\n 61.12992757515542\n ],\n [\n -147.1275643618137,\n 61.12347359213149\n ],\n [\n -147.12622778574342,\n 61.106041251531394\n ],\n [\n -147.19973946960997,\n 61.113144476736096\n ],\n [\n -147.21043207817232,\n 61.101520186352616\n ],\n [\n -147.1810274046258,\n 61.08859929538238\n ],\n [\n -147.14093012251675,\n 61.084075736681626\n ],\n [\n -147.12622778574342,\n 61.073087259067904\n ],\n [\n -147.11553517718107,\n 61.051745794380025\n ],\n [\n -147.17434452427426,\n 61.04009893443575\n ],\n [\n -147.15563245928993,\n 61.02844779472787\n ],\n [\n -147.1609787635712,\n 60.99735715725802\n ],\n [\n -147.19305658925842,\n 60.988931534822285\n ],\n [\n -147.1703347960633,\n 60.94871704435826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cae4b0c8380cd4ccdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driedger, C. L.","contributorId":101656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013749,"text":"70013749 - 1988 - Leaching characteristics of a high-calcium fly ash as a function of pH: A potential source of selenium toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T12:19:45.169849","indexId":"70013749","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaching characteristics of a high-calcium fly ash as a function of pH: A potential source of selenium toxicity","docAbstract":"Using a modified extraction procedure, the effect of pH on the leaching of selected elements from Ca-rich (Type C) power plant fly ash was studied. Continuous additions of acetic acid were used to maintain pH values of fly ash slurries at 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 for 24 h and an additional set was leached at its natural pH (average 11.8) value. Analyses for Se, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Na and Pb showed that the highest concentrations occur in the leachate at pH 4.0 and decline with increasing pH. Concentrations of Cr and Fe increased slightly between neutral and high pH. Arsenic, Cd, Cr, Pb and Se concentrations exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency's toxicity criteria at pH 4.0. Selenium was above its toxicity level at pH values near 7 but the other elements were below their respective toxicity levels near neutral pH. Because recent studies show adverse effects of Se on aquatic life at far lower concentrations than the current Environmental Protection Agency's standard, high-Ca, power plant fly ashes represent a potentially hazardous pollutant to surface and subsurface waters.
In the northern California Coast Ranges, the forearc-basin Great Valley sequence of Late Jurassic and Cretaceous age contains three distinctive types of conglomerate: (1) chert-rich conglomerate of Tithonian to Valanginian age, (2) volcanic-rich conglomerate of mainly Valanginian age, and (3) mixed-clast conglomerate of Valanginian and younger age. All three types are found in stratigraphic sequence along the west side of the Sacramento Valley, but in three belts of outliers that overlie the Franciscan assemblage to the west, the oldest conglomerate present in each belt is progressively younger southwestward. This may reflect the widening of the forearc basin over time as progressively younger conglomerate types lapped onto the elevated western margin of the basin. The same three conglomerate types occur in coeval rocks of the accretionarywedge Franciscan assemblage and show a similar southwestward progression in composition, possibly due to trench deposition of conglomerate with the same sources as the Great Valley sequence, each conglomerate type being accreted successively to the west side of the accretionary wedge. The Franciscan must have underthrust the forearc basin, become deeply buried, been metamorphosed, and returned to the surface without major disruption of the distribution of conglomerate types.
Since 1957 the 14C/C ratio of the dissolved inorganic carbon in Mono Lake has risen by about 60‰. The magnitude of this increase is about four times larger than that expected from the invasion of bomb-produced14C from the atmosphere. We have eliminated the following explanations: (1) measurement error, (2) an unusually high physical exchange rate for non-reactive gases, (3) inorganic enhancement of the CO2 exchange rate, and (4) biological enhancement of the CO2 exchange rate. Clandestine disposal of waste radiocarbon remains a dark-horse explanation.
In the course of our investigations we have uncovered evidence for at least one episodic input of radiocarbon-free carbon to the lake over the last 1000 years. We speculate that this injection was related to a hydrothermal event resulting from sublacustrine volcanic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90042-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Broecker, W., Wanninkhof, R., Mathieu, G., Peng, T., Stine, S., Robinson, S., Herczeg, A., and Stuiver, M., 1988, The radiocarbon budget for Mono Lake: An unsolved mystery: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 88, no. 1-2, p. 16-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90042-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baef0e4b08c986b324432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broecker, W.S.","contributorId":95195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broecker","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanninkhof, R.","contributorId":74511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanninkhof","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathieu, G.","contributorId":105850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathieu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, T.-H.","contributorId":102201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"T.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stine, S.","contributorId":24089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, S.","contributorId":83055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herczeg, A.","contributorId":58390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herczeg","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stuiver, M.","contributorId":54730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuiver","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70013711,"text":"70013711 - 1988 - A late Wisconsinan marine incursion into Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:07:56","indexId":"70013711","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A late Wisconsinan marine incursion into Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Reinterpretation of seismic-reflection data from Cape Cod Bay has produced a revised late Wisconsinan history. Acoustically laminated deposits, originally inferred to be glaciolacustrine, are shown to be glaciomarine by tracing them to glaciomarine mud in Stellwagen Basin, north of Cape Cod Bay. A late Wisconsinan marine deposit of nonglacial origin overlies the glaciomarine deposits in Cape Cod Bay. Both deposits indicate that the crust was isostatically depressed below the late Wisconsinan eustatic sea level and that deglaciation and marine submergence occurred simultaneously. Valleys cut into the marine deposits, both glacial and nonglacial, indicate that a low sea-level stand, the result of isostatic rebound, occurred shortly after the marine incursion. A transgressive uncomformity and marine deposits, both mostly of Holocene age, overlie the late Wisconsinan deposits. The marine incursion, regression, and Holocene transgression represent the northward passage of an isostatically induced peripheral bulge following deglaciation. In turn, the bulge, a response to crustal loading and unloading, indicates thick glacier ice in the terminal zone and lends support to arguments for a maximum Laurentide ice model. Evidence for a late Wisconsinan marine incursion, regression, and the passage of a peripheral bulge should be sought in the other bays and sounds of the New England terminal zone. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(88)90001-4","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1988, A late Wisconsinan marine incursion into Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts: Quaternary Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 237-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90001-4.","startPage":"237","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266523,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90001-4"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e434e4b0c8380cd464ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013708,"text":"70013708 - 1988 - Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:40:38","indexId":"70013708","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff","docAbstract":"Storm-runoff quantity and quality were studied in three watersheds located near St. Paul in Ramsey County, Minnesota, from April 15 through September 15 of 1984, 1985, and 1986 to qualitatively determine the effects of precipitation and selected land uses on storm runoff. In respect to precipitation effects, differences in storm-runoff quantity between years in an urban watershed that lacks wetlands appear to be related to the average storm size (amount of precipitation) during the study period of each year. In contrast, the differences in storm-runoff quantity from watersheds that contain wetlands appear to be related to total precipitation during study period of each year. In respect to land use, the differences in storm-runoff quantity appear to be related to the amounts of impervious and wetland area. The watershed that contains the largest amount of impervious area and smallest amount of wetland area has the largest amount of storm runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1988, Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 421-426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x.","startPage":"421","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267762,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x"},{"id":220606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ae4b0c8380cd50922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013707,"text":"70013707 - 1988 - Coarse-sediment bands on the inner shelf of southern Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:07:37.902757","indexId":"70013707","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coarse-sediment bands on the inner shelf of southern Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"