The analysis of the Nahanni earthquakes of October 5, 1985 (MS 6.6), and December 23, 1985 (MS 6.9), will have important implications for the assessment of seismic hazards in intraplate environments. To maximize the information available to seismic engineers, broadband data recorded teleseismically are analyzed jointly with strong-motion data recorded in the near field. The time-domain analysis of teleseismic data yields the source mechanisms, depths, and complexities of rupture of each earthquake. Both earthquakes occurred as shallow thrusts with centroid depths (6 to 7 km) and shallowly dipping fault planes that correspond well with the aftershock distributions obtained from a local survey run by the Canadian Geological Survey. The shallow nodal plane for the October 5 earthquake dips 30° to the WSW, while the shallow nodal planes of the subevents for the December 23 earthquake dip an average of 23° to the WSW. The October 5 earthquake has an impulsive initial rupture, followed by a weak subevent of longer duration but smaller moment release. The December 23 earthquake exhibits more complexity, being comprised of three subevents of similar size. The subevent delays derived from the teleseismic analysis are used to help interpret arrivals in records of ground velocity recorded in the near field of the December 23 earthquake. The rupture geometries inferred from the joint near- and far-field analysis suggest that the rupture processes were unusually complicated and that the 2g peak that occurs late in one of the near-field records could be a localized phenomenon. Spectral analyses of the teleseismic P waves yield the following source parameters for the October 5 and December 23 earthquakes, respectively: the seismic moments are 1.2 and 1.8 × 1026 dyne-cm, the radiated energies are 1.8 and 2.8 × 1021 dyne-cm, and the dynamic stress drops are 65 and 50 bar. The acceleration source spectra of both earthquakes exhibit an intermediate slope (| üα(ω) | ∝ω) from 0.03 to 0.3 Hz, suggesting that the earthquakes represent the failure of asperities. Extrapolating the teleseismic P-wave spectra to estimate the near-field S-wave spectra yields good fits to the acceleration spectra from two strong motion records, but underestimates the spectra from a third strong motion record with the strongest, but possibly localized, accelerations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780051627","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Boatwright, J., 1988, Teleseismic and near-field analysis of the Nahanni earthquakes in the Northwest Territories, Canada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 5, p. 1627-1652, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780051627.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1627","endPage":"1652","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/5/1627/119076/Teleseismic-and-near-field-analysis-of-the-Nahanni"},{"id":226023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","volume":"78","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4a3e4b08c986b32049d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014409,"text":"70014409 - 1988 - ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:49:49.873416","indexId":"70014409","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes","docAbstract":"Allan Hills 85085 is a unique chondrite with affinities to the Al Rais-Renazzo clan of carbonaceous chondrites. Its constituents are less than 50 μm in mean size. Chondrules and microchondrules of all textures are present; nonporphyritic chondrules are unusually abundant. The mean compositions of porphyritic, nonporphyritic and barred olivine chondrules resemble those in ordinary chondrites except that they are depleted in volatile elements. Ca-, Al-rich inclusions are abundant and largely free of nebular alteration; they comprise types similar to those in CM and CO chondrites, as well as unique types. Calcium dialuminate occurs in several inclusions. Metal, silicate and sulfide compositions are close to those in CM-CO chondrites and Al Rais and Renazzo. C1-chondrite clasts and metal-rich “reduced” clasts are present, but opaque matrix is absent. Siderophile abundances in ALH85085 are extremely high (e.g., Fe/Si= 1.7 × solar), and volatiles are depleted (e.g., Na/Si= 0.25 × solar, S/Si= 0.03 × solar). Nonvolatile lithophile abundances are similar to those in Al Rais, Renazzo, and CM and CO chondrites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90149-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., Rubin, A., and MacPherson, G., 1988, ALH85085: A unique volatile-poor carbonaceous chondrite with possible implications for nebular fractionation processes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 91, no. 1-2, p. 33-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90149-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62be4b0c8380cd471de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, A.E.","contributorId":99308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacPherson, G.J.","contributorId":84920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacPherson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014410,"text":"70014410 - 1988 - Sr and Nd isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the Central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:21:48.833884","indexId":"70014410","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr and Nd isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the Central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance","docAbstract":"Isotopic analyses of two hydrogenetic ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from volcanic edifices in the central Pacific Ocean reveal systematic variations in
The ability of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize pyrrhotite minerals occurring in coal chars was investigated, to evaluate the feasibility of microbial char desulphurization. Bio-oxidation of pyrrhotites in chars produced by two different processes was demonstrated conclusively. Microbial removal of sulphur from a char and its parent coal proceeded at the rate of 3.5% and 12% day−1, respectively with a total of 48% and 81% removal after 27 days. The pH of shake flask cultures containing the coal dropped naturally to a final value of 2.2, while the pH of cultures containing the corresponding char rose and had to be lowered artificially with additional acid. Amending char cultures with elemental sulphur to increase acidity upon bio-oxidation and prevent precipitation of ferric iron was successful; however, the extent of pyrrhotite removal, as demonstated by X-ray diffraction analysis, was not improved. As yet, there is no explanation for the failure of microbial removal of pyrrhotitic sulphur to go to completion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(88)90386-9","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., and Risatti, J., 1988, Microbial oxidation of pyrrhotites in coal chars: Fuel, v. 67, no. 8, p. 1150-1154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(88)90386-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5657e4b0c8380cd6d50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.W.","contributorId":94795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risatti, J.B.","contributorId":33454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risatti","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014414,"text":"70014414 - 1988 - The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T17:23:17.897089","indexId":"70014414","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters","docAbstract":"Pressure-vacuum lysimeters are an inexpensive means of collecting numerous water samples from the same location in the unsaturated zone over a period of time. However, prior studies have indicated that the chemistry of water samples may be altered by the collection technique, creating concern about the representativeness of the pore water samples obtained. A study conducted using soil water pressure-vacuum lysimeters in outwash sand and glacial till deposits demonstrates that for non-dilute-solution samples the effect on pH of sampling with lysimeters is minimal, and that measured major cation and anion concentrations are representative of the natural pore water; trace-metal concentrations can be significantly altered by collection procedures at low concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1988.tb00995.x","usgsCitation":"Peters, C.A., and Healy, R.W., 1988, The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 8, no. 2, p. 96-101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1988.tb00995.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf33e4b08c986b324616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014415,"text":"70014415 - 1988 - Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:16:00.789139","indexId":"70014415","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic data for lava flows from sporadic but long-lived eruptions in the McMurdo Sound region are combined with previously published geologic and geochronologic data to determine the general eruptive sequence of the area. Lava flows in the Walcott Bay area were erupted during the Gauss Normal, Matuyama Reversed, and Brunhes Normal Polarity Chrons. The youngest flows on Black Island probably erupted near the boundary between the Gilbert and Gauss chrons. The most recent activity was concentrated on the volcanic edifices of Mounts Morning and Discovery and on Ross Island where Mount Erebus is currently active. Combining virtual geomagnetic poles calculated for 39 units sampled during this study with those of eight flows that were published previously yields a mean paleomagnetic pole at 87.3°N, 317.3°E (α95 = 6.3°). The ancient geomagnetic field dispersion about this mean pole is 23.5°, with upper and lower limits of 95% confidence equal to 27.4° and 20.5°, respectively. This value probably is a reasonable estimate of secular variation for the Antarctic continent during Pliocene and Pleistocene time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB10p11599","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E., and Cox, A., 1988, Paleomagnetic investigation of some volcanic rocks from the McMurdo volcanic province, Antarctica: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B10, p. 11599-11612, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB10p11599.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11599","endPage":"11612","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7410e4b0c8380cd773fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014418,"text":"70014418 - 1988 - Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T00:03:13.198919","indexId":"70014418","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional velocity model for the area surrounding the 24 April 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake has been developed by simultaneously inverting local earthquake and refraction arrival-time data. This velocity model corresponds well to the surface geology of the region, predominantly showing a low-velocity region associated with the sedimentary sequence to the southwest of the Madrone Springs fault. This low-velocity sequence extends to a depth of approximately 5 km. Previously constructed geologic cross-sections for this region had suggested that these sediments extended to a depth of less than 2 km. Relocation of 2,179 hypocenters with the three-dimensional velocity model did not show great differences when compared to locations done with a one-dimensional velocity model with station corrections. In both cases, the Calaveras fault is steep but has a noticeable dip to the northeast and the seismicity does not intersect the surface along the trace of the Calaveras fault in the southern half of the rupture zone. The greatest differences between the two sets of locations was that the locations using the three-dimensional velocity model were deeper, and fewer earthquakes were located within the low-velocity region. The focal mechanisms were also determined for 946 earthquakes using both the one-dimensional and three-dimensional earth models. Both earth models yield similar focal mechanisms for these earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780031199","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 1988, Effects of three-dimensional velocity structure on the seismicity of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, aftershock sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 3, p. 1199-1221, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780031199.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422213,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/3/1199/102327/Effects-of-three-dimensional-velocity-structure-on"},{"id":226221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 37.421031586189955\n ],\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 36.94800385988415\n ],\n [\n -121.0560161719405,\n 36.94800385988415\n ],\n [\n -121.0560161719405,\n 37.421031586189955\n ],\n [\n -121.76463433600294,\n 37.421031586189955\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080ce4b0c8380cd5194f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014419,"text":"70014419 - 1988 - A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T15:31:46.948915","indexId":"70014419","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3223,"text":"Radiation Protection Dosimetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground","docAbstract":"A procedure is being tested in order to determine its suitability for assessing the intrinsic ability of the ground at a particular site to supply 222Rn to a basement structure to be built on the site. Soil gas is sucked from a borehole probe through an alpha scintillation chamber and flow meter by a pump. The permeability of the soil is calculated from the flow rate and the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the borehole at the intake point. The diffusion coefficient is estimated from the water fraction in the soil pores. The upward migration distance for radon in such soil during one mean life is computed from an arbitrary steady pressure difference. This mean migration distance, multiplied by the measured radon concentration, gives the 'radon availability number'. Measurements at sites of known indoor radon concentration suggest that numbers below 2 kBq.m-2 indicate litte chance of elevated indoor radon and above 20 kBq.m-2 indicate that elevated indoor radon is likely. The range of uncertainty and the point-to-point and seasonal variations to be expected are under investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080246","issn":"01448420","usgsCitation":"Tanner, A., 1988, A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080246.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f5e4b0c8380cd47062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014421,"text":"70014421 - 1988 - Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:05:57","indexId":"70014421","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States","docAbstract":"A 20-year record of water chemistry for seven headwater streams in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States is compared to estimates of local and regional sulfur dioxide emissions for the same period. Emissions from smelters in the region comprise a significant part of sulfur dioxide emissions for the 11 states upwind of acid-sensitive watersheds in the Rocky Mountains, but smelter emissions have steadily decreased since 1970. Analysis of stream chemistry indicates conservative behavior of watershed sulfate, with atmospheric deposition as the dominant source of sulfate. No relation between regional stream chemistry and smelter or regional sulfur dioxide emissions is detected for the watersheds. Local emissions trends, however, do appear to affect sulfate concentrations in the streams. Year-to-year variability in stream sulfate concentration is much greater than any long-term trends that might be inferred.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i006p00871","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., and Turk, J., 1988, Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 871-878, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i006p00871.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"878","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e8e4b0c8380cd518c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":368361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014422,"text":"70014422 - 1988 - Effectiveness of an urban runoff detention pond - Wetlands system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T15:10:49.126343","indexId":"70014422","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of an urban runoff detention pond - Wetlands system","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of an urban detention system, composed of a detention pond and wetlands in series, in reducing constituent loads carried in runoff was determined. The detention pond was effective in reducing loads of suspended solids and suspended metals. Suspendedphase efficiencies for solids, lead, and zinc ranged between 42 and 66%. Nutrient efficiencies were variable, ranging for all species and phases, from less than 0 to 72%. The wetlands generally was effective in reducing both suspended and dissolved loads of solids and metals. Total (dissolved + suspended) solids, lead, and zinc efficiencies ranged between 41 and 73%. Efficiencies for total nitrogen and phosphorus were 21 and 17%, respectively. The system, by combining the treatment of the pond and wetlands, was very effective in reducing loads of most constituents. Total solids, lead, and zinc efficiencies ranged between 55 and 83%. Total nitrogen and phosphorus efficiencies were 36 and 43%, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1988)114:4(810)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Martin, E., 1988, Effectiveness of an urban runoff detention pond - Wetlands system: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 114, no. 4, p. 810-827, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1988)114:4(810).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"810","endPage":"827","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0638e4b0c8380cd51168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, E.H.","contributorId":27098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014425,"text":"70014425 - 1988 - Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:32:57.237036","indexId":"70014425","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","docAbstract":"Icebergs and sea ice rework the sediments of high-latitude shelves, producing modern diamicts (ice-keel turbates) unrelated to glacial proximity. Off Antarctica, sidescan sonar data indicate the presence of ice-gouge features formed by the physical interaction between ice keels and the sea bed. These are recognized as incisions a few metres deep and tens of metres wide, in water depths up to 500 m. On the submarine bank tops and slopes off Wilkes Land and in the Weddell Sea, subcircular depressions 30 to 150 m in diameter, a washboard pattern, and hummocky bed features also represent iceberg-resting sites. The freshness of sea-bed morphology, nearby Holocene sediment ponding, and active hydraulic sedimentary processes indicate that the sea floor is being reworked by iceberg keels. Tabular iceberg drafts in excess of 330 m have been measured, and modeling studies suggest that nontabular iceberg drafts of 500 m are possible. We conclude that a modern ice-keel turbate deposit in the form of a poorly stratified diamicton is probably widespread on that part (54%) of the Antarctic shelf less than 500 m deep.
Over the past 30 years, both isotope geochronology and plate tectonics grew from infancy into authoritative disciplines in the geological sciences. Previously, mountain systems like the Appalachians had been viewed almost entirely in the context of the classical geosyncline, implying a gradualism in stratigraphic and structural change throughout the orogen. Age control, determined largely from distant fossiliferous strata, was unabashedly carried to high-grade metamorphic rocks based only on lithological correlations. With the new concepts in tectonics came the realization that abrupt breaks in stratigraphy and structure occur in many cases at the boundaries of lithotectonic zones. Fortunately, the new techniques of isotope geochronology could be brought to bear directly on the rocks of the immediate study area. This paper chronicles some of the major contributions to the geology of the New England Appalachians that resulted from these efforts during the past three decades.
In tracing the history of geochronologic research, one encounters an increasingly sophisticated approach to the analytical and interpretive aspects of the discipline. Today, the geochronologist can, under optimum conditions, constrain the age of stratigraphic units, igneous activity, deformation, and metamorphism with accuracy that is capable of resolving fine structure within individual orogenic pulses. He participates in full partnership with other colleagues of the science in unravelling the mysteries of mountain building. Several of the topical problems of New England geology in which geochronology played a key role include (1) the recognition and delineation of Avalonia as a Late Proterozoic eastern basement distinct from more western terranes, (2) the dating of the White Mountain Plutonic-Volcanic Suite, a Mesozoic igneous event spanning 100 m.y., and (3) the temporal and spatial separation of structural and metamorphic features imprinted by the Taconic and Acadian orogenies.
The existing geochronology is summarized into a map and table emphasizing the temporal construction of the New England Appalachians. By using lithotectonic zones as the building blocks of the orogen, seven such zones are defined in terms of pre-, syn-, and post-assembly geologic history. From west to east, these lithotectonic zones are (1) Berkshire-Green Mountain, (2) Rowe-Hawley, (3) Connecticut Valley, (4) Bronson Hill, (5) Kearsarge-Central Maine, (6) Tatnic Hill-Nashoba, and (7) Avalonia. Avalonia is further divided into three subzones, Hope Valley, Esmond-Dedham, and Penobscot Bay, which themselves may have had distinct origins and assembly histories. The boundaries between these zones are faults in most cases, some of which may have had recurring movement to further complicate any plate-tectonic scenario.
A delineation of underlying Grenvillian, Chain Lakes, and Avalonian basement is also attempted, which now can make use of isotopes in igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators to supplement the rare occurrences of basement outcrop within mobile zones of the orogen. The belt of Permian thermal disturbance within the Kearsarge-Central Maine zone is hypothesized to reflect rapid rebound following compressional thickening of underlying Avalonian basement during the Alleghanian orogeny.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., 1988, Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1168-1180, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1180","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb307e4b08c986b325b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014428,"text":"70014428 - 1988 - Magmatic heat and the El Nino cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:31:25.62698","indexId":"70014428","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic heat and the El Nino cycle","docAbstract":"Large submarine lava flows with apparent volumes exceeding 10 km3 have recently been imaged on the deep ocean floor in various parts of the Pacific by means of GLORIA and SeaMarc side-looking sonar surveys. Such flows may produce thermal anomalies large enough to perturb the cyclic processes of the ocean and could be a factor in the genesis of El Niño phenomena. We find that known volume rates of mid-ocean magma production could generate repetitive thermal anomalies as large as 10% of the average El Niño sea surface anomaly at intervals of about 5 years (the mean interval of El Niño events between 1935 and 1984). Likewise, estimated rates of eruption, cooling of lava on the seafloor, and transfer of heat to the near-surface environment could reasonably produce a thermal anomaly comparable to that associated with El Niño. Larger magmatic events, associated with fluctuations in the total magmatic power and seismicity along the East Pacific Rise, are possible at longer intervals and may explain the extreme size of some El Niño events, such as that of 1982–1983.
U.S. Geological Survey Newberry 2 was drilled to a depth of 932 m within Newberry caldera. The bottom-hole temperature of 265°C is the highest reported temperature of any drill hole in the Cascades region of the United States. The upper part of the stratigraphic section penetrated by Newberry 2 consists of caldera fill below which are increasingly more mafic lavas ranging from rhyodacite at 501 m to basalt at 932 m. Measured temperatures shallower than 300 m are less than 35°C, and rock alteration consists of hydration of glass and local palagonitization of basaltic tuffs. Incipient zeolitization and partial smectite replacement of ash and pumice occurred throughout the pumiceous lithic tuffs from 300 to 500 m. Higher-temperature alteration of the tuffs to chlorite and mordenite occurs adjacent to a rhyodacite sill at 460–470 m; alteration minerals within the sill consist of pyrrhotite, pyrite, quartz, calcite, and siderite. Below 697 m the rocks are progressively more altered with depth mainly because of increased temperature along a conductive gradient from 100°C at 697 m to 265°C at 930 m. Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite indicate that temperatures in the past have been higher than at present, most likely due to local confining pressures between impermeable lava flows. Flow breccias are more altered than the adjacent dense massive lava flows, regardless of composition, because of their much higher permeability. Hydrothermal minerals in this zone are mainly mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, quartz, calcite, and pyrite. Chlorite becomes more abundant than mixed-layer clays near the bottom of the hole. In the lowest two lava flows, epidote, anhydrite, and scarce hematite occur locally. Alteration and leaching in the basal 2 m are unique and have led to the postulation of a localized two-phase fluid zone consisting mainly of steam and CO2. The hydrothermal system of Newberry 2 is a simple evolving system associated with the evolution of Newberry Volcano. Only a few localized highly altered intervals where fracturing controlled fluid access occur in the core. There are no crosscutting fractures to indicate multiple hydrothermal systems. Chemical analyses of altered rocks and equivalent fresh rocks indicate that little chemical migration has taken place.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10174","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Keith, T.E., and Bargar, K., 1988, Petrology and hydrothermal mineralogy of US Geological Survey Newberry: 2. Drill core from Newberry Caldera, Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10174-10190, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10174.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10174","endPage":"10190","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7822e4b0c8380cd78645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bargar, K.E.","contributorId":44548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014432,"text":"70014432 - 1988 - A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:15:48","indexId":"70014432","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","docAbstract":"Water-resources investigations concerned with contaminant transport through aquifers comprised of very loose, unconsolidated sediments have shown that small-scale variations in aquifer characteristics can significantly affect solute transport and dispersion. Commonly, measurement accuracy and resolution have been limited by a borehole environment consisting of an annulus of disturbed sediments produced by the casing-installation method. In an attempt to quantify this disturbance and recognize its impact on the characterization of unconsolidated deposits, three installation methods were examined and compared in a sand-and-gravel outwash at a test site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These installation methods were: 1) casing installed in a mud-rotary hole; 2) casing installed in an augered hole; and 3) flush-joint steel casing hammer-driven from land surface. Fifteen wells were logged with epithermal neutron and natural gamma tools. Concludes that augering is the most disruptive of the three casing-installation methods and that driving casing directly, though typically a more time-consuming operation, transmits the least amount of disturbance into the surrounding formation. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., LeBlanc, D.R., and Teasdale, W., 1988, A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 2, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.862060546875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.862060546875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teasdale, W.E.","contributorId":50177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014433,"text":"70014433 - 1988 - Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:06:32.142714","indexId":"70014433","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980","docAbstract":"Nearly horizontal, quasi-periodic erosional features of 7-m average transverse wavelength and of order 100-m length occur in scattered locations from 3.5 to 9 km from the crater at Mount St. Helens under deposits of the lateral blast of May 18, 1980. We attribute the erosional features to scouring by longitudinal vortices resulting from flow instabilities induced by complex topography, namely, by streamline curvature in regions of reattachment downstream of sheltered regions, and by the cross-flow component of flow subparallel to ridge crests. The diameter of the vortices and their transverse spacing, inferred from the distance between furrows, are taken to be of the order of the boundary layer thickness. The inferred boundary layer thickness (≈14 m at 9 km from the source of the blast) is consistent with the running length from the mountain to the furrow locations. By using knowledge of ablation patterns on bodies and lofting of dust in high-speed flow, we are able to infer some features of the flow field within the blast. Within the furrows the erosion rate was of the order of 9 kg m−2 s−1, about 4 times greater than that expected from laboratory data obtained in flow free of longitudinal vortices. The orientation of furrows induced by the cross-flow instability can be used to measure the upwash angle and estimate the flow Mach number: at the central ridge of Spirit Lake the Mach number is inferred to have been about 2.5, and the flow velocity approximately 235 m/s. The similarities and differences between the furrows reported here and channels observed at other volcanoes are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB12p14793","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., and Sturtevant, B., 1988, Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B12, p. 14793-14816, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB12p14793.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"14793","endPage":"14816","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib12p14793","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a42e4b0c8380cd5228f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturtevant, B.","contributorId":48318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014434,"text":"70014434 - 1988 - Calibration of water-velocity meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014434","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Calibration of water-velocity meters","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, as part of its responsibility to appraise the quantity of water resources in the United States, maintains facilities for the calibration of water-velocity meters at the Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center's Hydraulic Laboratory Facility, NSTL, Mississippi. These meters are used in hydrologic studies by the Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Energy, state agencies, universities, and others in the public and private sector. This paper describes calibration facilities, types of water-velocity meters calibrated, and calibration standards, methods and results.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Kaehrle, W.R., and Bowie, J.E., 1988, Calibration of water-velocity meters, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 60-65.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f319e4b0c8380cd4b5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehrle, William R.","contributorId":68044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehrle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowie, James E.","contributorId":29393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014435,"text":"70014435 - 1988 - On seismically induced pore pressure and settlement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014435","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On seismically induced pore pressure and settlement","docAbstract":"Two different approaches are used to estimate pore pressures and settlement in a 50-ft (15.2-m) sand deposit subjected to a variety of earthquake loadings. Although the two approaches seem consistent in predicting the occurrence of liquefaction, the results show that they are quite divergent in estimating pore-pressure build-ups and magnitude of ground settlement.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics II - Recent Advances in Ground-Motion Evaluation: Proceedings of the Specialty Conference","conferenceDate":"27 June 1988 through 30 June 1988","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Chen, A.T., 1988, On seismically induced pore pressure and settlement, in Geotechnical Special Publication, no. n, Park City, UT, USA, 27 June 1988 through 30 June 1988, p. 482-492.","startPage":"482","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dabe4b0c8380cd75271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Albert T.F.","contributorId":80671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014436,"text":"70014436 - 1988 - Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T16:54:44.588808","indexId":"70014436","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.288.10.1041","usgsCitation":"Hatch, N.L., 1988, Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont: American Journal of Science, v. 288, no. 10, p. 1041-1059, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.288.10.1041.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.51071860113535,\n 44.43870280086662\n ],\n [\n -72.08166446666726,\n 44.43870280086662\n ],\n [\n -72.42604451254395,\n 43.801131907236055\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 43.38763289928579\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 42.81194180774489\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 42.71879640746886\n ],\n [\n -72.39885661418512,\n 42.71879640746886\n ],\n [\n -72.51667084040604,\n 42.8850292180185\n ],\n [\n -72.42604451254395,\n 43.03756885151094\n ],\n [\n -72.38073134861237,\n 43.361283081337376\n ],\n [\n -72.35354345025405,\n 43.558627607731836\n ],\n [\n -72.16322816174325,\n 43.794590625199106\n ],\n [\n -72.02728866995012,\n 44.03614108516527\n ],\n [\n -71.98197550601853,\n 44.29617357536483\n ],\n [\n -71.51071860113535,\n 44.43870280086662\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"288","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e4e4b08c986b31a182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Norman L. Jr.","contributorId":34926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Norman","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014437,"text":"70014437 - 1988 - Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:23:22.57901","indexId":"70014437","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","docAbstract":"The North Atlantic Transect seismic reflection data, collected southwest of Bermuda, have been reinterpreted following post-stack migration and reveal two major intracrustal reflections. The shallower of these two events, located ∼1 s below the igneous basement, is a subhorizontal, undulating surface that in some places is continuous for as much as 10 km. On the basis of its position within the section and its laterally discontinuous nature, we believe that this upper crustal reflection corresponds to the intermittently sharp contact between the sheeted dikes and the underlying isotropic gabbro. A second set of lower crustal reflections, dipping ∼20°-40° eastward, is also prominent on the migrated profile and terminates downdip against the subhorizontal reflection Moho. Several lines of evidence argue against these features being either artifacts or out-of-the-plane events. Instead, their presence may be ascribed either to crustal-penetrating fault zones or to mafic-ultramafic cumulate layers frozen into the oceanic crust at the time of formation at the paleo-spreading center. Because of the laminated character of these events and their typical occurrence within 1.0 to 1.5 s of the reflection Moho, we prefer a compositional versus a structural interpretation for their origin.
The gradual thinning in the crust approaching the fracture zones is shown to be more complex than was originally inferred; although the interpretation that the crust gradually thins toward fracture zones may still apply in a few localities, significant departures are recognized elsewhere. Similarly, the improved image on the migrated profile documents an increase in complexity across the localized region directly surrounding the Blake Spur fracture zone. An interpretation advocating crustal thickening in this narrow zone is proposed as an alternative to the crustal-thinning model of Mutter and others.
At Newberry Volcano, central Oregon, more than 0.5 m.y. of magmatic activity, including caldera collapse and renewed caldera-filling volcanism, has created a structural and thermal chimney that channels magma ascent. Holocene rhyolitic eruptions (1) have been confined mainly within the caldera in an area 5 km in diameter, (2) have been very similar in chemical composition, phenocryst mineralogy, and eruptive style, and (3) have occurred as recently as 1300 years ago, with repose periods of 2000–3000 years between eruptions. Holocene basaltic andesite eruptions are widespread on the flanks but are excluded from the area of rhyolitic volcanism. Basaltic andesite in fissures at the edge of the rhyolite area has silicic inclusions and shows mixed basalt-rhyolite magma relations. These geologic relations and the high geothermal gradient that characterizes the lower part of a drill hole in the caldera (U.S. Geological Survey Newberry 2) indicate that a rhyolitic magma chamber has existed beneath the caldera throughout the Holocene. Its longevity probably is a result of intermittent underplating by basaltic magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10067","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"MacLeod, N.S., and Sherrod, D.R., 1988, Geologic evidence for a magma chamber beneath Newberry Volcano, Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10067-10079, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10067.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10067","endPage":"10079","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1959e4b0c8380cd55969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacLeod, N. S.","contributorId":55816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014440,"text":"70014440 - 1988 - Genetic interpretations of elemental and chemical differences in a soil chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T20:17:40.591148","indexId":"70014440","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic interpretations of elemental and chemical differences in a soil chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"Soils developed on fluvial terraces in central California have similar parent materials, climatic settings, vegetation cover and slopes but range in age from 40,000 to 3,000,000 years. The soils have chemical compositions that change systematically with increasing age. Such chemical differentiation is most likely the result of long-term weathering and mineralogical transformations that occurred since deposition of terrace fills and stabilization of the geomorphic surfaces. The changes in composition with time closely mimic other studies on mineral weathering, in which alkali and alkali-earth elements are lost more rapidly than transitional elements.
The relative rates of element loss were determined by changes in element ratios over time. Net losses and gains of elements in different size fractions were monitored by their concentrations relative to Zr, the most stable constituent. Both sand and finer size fractions have lost considerable amounts of Ca, Mg, Na and K. Aluminum appears to have been lost from the sand fraction and gained in the fine fraction over a 3-million-year-time-span. Although there is no evidence for losses of Fe and Ti from sands, there is a net influx of Fe and Ti into finer fractions, probably gained from undetectable yet significant weathering of sand grains. Etching of sand grains, clay mineralogy, and microprobe analyses also indicate that the soils have undergone these chemical transformations during their formation. Mineralogical analyses also mimic other studies on mineral weathering, in which the pyroxenes weather more rapidly than hornblende, which weathers more rapidly than sphene or zircon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(88)90042-0","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., 1988, Genetic interpretations of elemental and chemical differences in a soil chronosequence, California: Geoderma, v. 43, no. 2-3, p. 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(88)90042-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.52810179237278,\n 37.63698828342994\n ],\n [\n -121.52810179237278,\n 36.934658035130965\n ],\n [\n -119.63181540274681,\n 36.934658035130965\n ],\n [\n -119.63181540274681,\n 37.63698828342994\n ],\n [\n -121.52810179237278,\n 37.63698828342994\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a157be4b0c8380cd54e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014442,"text":"70014442 - 1988 - Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:06:06","indexId":"70014442","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","docAbstract":"One approach that has been used in performing a nonparametric test for monotonic trend in a hydrologic time series consists of a two-stage analysis. First, a regression equation is estimated for the variable being tested as a function of an exogenous variable. A nonparametric trend test such as the Kendall test is then performed on the residuals from the equation. By analogy to stagewise regression and through Monte Carlo experiments, it is demonstrated that this approach will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the trend and to result in some loss in power as a result of ignoring the interaction between the exogenous variable and time. An alternative approach, referred to as the adjusted variable Kendall test, is demonstrated to generally have increased statistical power and to provide more reliable estimates of the trend slope. In addition, the utility of including an exogenous variable in a trend test is examined under selected conditions.