A complete suite of conventional geophysical well logs was obtained in the upper part of a 3220-m- deep borehole drilled into geothermally altered alluvial sediments on the southeastern edge of the Salton Sea. In situ temperatures greater than 300°C and an inability to cool parts of the borehole by circulation limited the suite of logs run below 2000 m in depth to deep induction, spontaneous potential, un-calibrated neutron, natural gamma, and temperature. Bottom-hole temperature trends given by repeat temperature logs were extrapolated to undisturbed temperatures approaching 355°C at a depth of 3220 m. Geophysical logs obtained in the State 2–14 borehole indicate that neutron porosity, gamma-gamma, and deep-induction logs provide useful information on lithologic trends with depth. The natural gamma log contains almost continuous, high-frequency fluctuations that obscure lithologic trends and that may be related to recent radioisotope redistribution and departure from radiometric equilibrium. Acoustic transit time logs give unrealistically low in situ compressional velocities ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 km/s, whereas acoustic waveform logs indicate that sediment compressional velocities range from less than 3.0 km/s shallower than 1000 m in depth to almost 5.0 km/s at depths greater than 2000 m. Analyses indicate that most log values lie between two lithologic end points: an electrically conductive claystone with moderate neutron porosity, but no effective porosity, and an electrically nonconductive, fully cemented siltstone that has small but finite porosity. A limited number of clean sandstones depart from this trend; geophysical logs from these sandstones indicate an effective porosity ranging from 5 to 14%, and saturation with brines having equivalent NaCl concentrations greater than 100,000 mg/L. Depth- averaged trends in neutron porosity and deep-induction logs, along with trends in acoustic velocity determined from acoustic waveform logs, demonstrate that major changes in the properties of alluvial sediments occur within the depth range from 1200 to 1800 m. Although caliper logs were not obtained deeper than 2000 m, resistivity values less than 10 ohm m at those depths probably correspond to borehole enlargements in production zones rather than local increases in effective porosity. The transition in sediment properties indicated by the geophysical logs in the depth interval from 1200 to 2000 m apparently represents a detailed vertical profile of the transition from relatively unaltered clay minerals in alluvial sediments to electrically nonconductive alteration products such as epidote and feldspar.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p12981","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Morin, R.H., 1988, Analysis of geophysical well logs obtained in the State 2-14 borehole, Salton Sea geothermal area, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 12981-12994, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p12981.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"12981","endPage":"12994","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb16e4b0c8380cd48bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014437,"text":"70014437 - 1988 - Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:23:22.57901","indexId":"70014437","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","docAbstract":"The North Atlantic Transect seismic reflection data, collected southwest of Bermuda, have been reinterpreted following post-stack migration and reveal two major intracrustal reflections. The shallower of these two events, located ∼1 s below the igneous basement, is a subhorizontal, undulating surface that in some places is continuous for as much as 10 km. On the basis of its position within the section and its laterally discontinuous nature, we believe that this upper crustal reflection corresponds to the intermittently sharp contact between the sheeted dikes and the underlying isotropic gabbro. A second set of lower crustal reflections, dipping ∼20°-40° eastward, is also prominent on the migrated profile and terminates downdip against the subhorizontal reflection Moho. Several lines of evidence argue against these features being either artifacts or out-of-the-plane events. Instead, their presence may be ascribed either to crustal-penetrating fault zones or to mafic-ultramafic cumulate layers frozen into the oceanic crust at the time of formation at the paleo-spreading center. Because of the laminated character of these events and their typical occurrence within 1.0 to 1.5 s of the reflection Moho, we prefer a compositional versus a structural interpretation for their origin.
The gradual thinning in the crust approaching the fracture zones is shown to be more complex than was originally inferred; although the interpretation that the crust gradually thins toward fracture zones may still apply in a few localities, significant departures are recognized elsewhere. Similarly, the improved image on the migrated profile documents an increase in complexity across the localized region directly surrounding the Blake Spur fracture zone. An interpretation advocating crustal thickening in this narrow zone is proposed as an alternative to the crustal-thinning model of Mutter and others.
A finite element model, based upon the shallow water equations, is used to calculate tidal amplitudes and currents for two field-scale test problems. Because tides are characterized by line spectra, the governing equations are subjected to harmonic decomposition. Thus the solution variables are the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude of sea level and velocity rather than a time series of these variables. The time series is recovered through synthesis. This scheme, coupled with a modified form of the governing equations, leads to high computational efficiency and freedom from excessive numerical noise. Two test-cases are presented. The first is a solution for eleven tidal constituents in the English Channel and southern North Sea, and three constituents are discussed. The second is an analysis of the frequency response and tidal harmonics for south San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/cnm.1630040315","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1988, A finite element model for tides and currents with field applications: Communications in Applied Numerical Methods, v. 4, no. 3, p. 401-411, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630040315.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e76e4b0c8380cd5347d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013645,"text":"70013645 - 1988 - On-line estimation of nonlinear physical systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70013645","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On-line estimation of nonlinear physical systems","docAbstract":"Recursive algorithms for estimating states of nonlinear physical systems are presented. Orthogonality properties are rediscovered and the associated polynomials are used to linearize state and observation models of the underlying random processes. This requires some key hypotheses regarding the structure of these processes, which may then take account of a wide range of applications. The latter include streamflow forecasting, flood estimation, environmental protection, earthquake engineering, and mine planning. The proposed estimation algorithm may be compared favorably to Taylor series-type filters, nonlinear filters which approximate the probability density by Edgeworth or Gram-Charlier series, as well as to conventional statistical linearization-type estimators. Moreover, the method has several advantages over nonrecursive estimators like disjunctive kriging. To link theory with practice, some numerical results for a simulated system are presented, in which responses from the proposed and extended Kalman algorithms are compared. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00918881","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1988, On-line estimation of nonlinear physical systems: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 111-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918881.","startPage":"111","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918881"},{"id":220495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e1ae4b0c8380cd754bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81434,"text":"81434 - 1988 - Persistent toxic substances and the health of fish communities in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"81434","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Persistent toxic substances and the health of fish communities in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The role, if any, of toxic substances in bringing about changes in the productivity and status of fishery resources, is not well understood. At the 'Workshops on Persistent Toxic Substances and the Health of the Aquatic Community,' the Fish Biota Discussion Subgroup considered the issue of toxic substances by responding to the three questions addressed to it by the Workshop Organizing Committee as described earlier in the introduction to these proceedings. In responding to these questions, the Subgroup members took into account the earlier, formal presentations made during the Symposium, the published literature applicable to the subject area, and personal knowledge gained from research on Great Lakes fisheries or containments.\r\rThe major discussions, conclusions, and recommendations of the Subgroup summarized here were developed during these deliberations and are presented under the major headings of the questions asked of the Subgroup.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxic contaminants and ecosystem health: a Great Lakes focus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Willford, W.A., 1988, Persistent toxic substances and the health of fish communities in the Great Lakes, chap. of Toxic contaminants and ecosystem health: a Great Lakes focus, p. 549-555.","productDescription":"p. 549-555","startPage":"549","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Evans, Marlene S.","contributorId":22724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Marlene S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Willford, Wayne A.","contributorId":67446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willford","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013656,"text":"70013656 - 1988 - Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:56:27","indexId":"70013656","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Geochemical samples of groundwater taken along hydrologic flow paths in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina, from noncalcareous sand aquifers, largely of Cretaceous age, are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions. Calcareous sand aquifers, largely of Tertiary age, contain water whose chemistry is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions, but may evolve downgradient to sodium and bicarbonate dominance. Water chemistry in both types of aquifer evolves to sodium chloride dominance as a result of fresh water mixing with subsurface brines or seawater present in the deeper downgradient parts of the aquifers. Principal aqueous chemical reactions appear to occur in five reaction zones in the aquifers and include feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite, calcite dissolution, calcium-for-sodium cation exchange, and neoformation of sodium smectite in the downgradient parts of the aquifers. Redox reactions produce dissolved iron concentrations greater than 1 mg/L near the recharge areas. Organic matter in the aquifers is oxidized to CO2 by iron reduction and sulfate reduction processes. Production of CO2 by a methanogenic process may also occur. Geochemical mass-transfer models simulating the observed chemistry in western Alabama and eastern Mississippi have been extended to account for higher concentrations of sodium and bicarbonate observed in the South Carolina part of the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i002p00291","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Strickland, D.J., 1988, Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i002p00291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, Donald J.","contributorId":106560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013643,"text":"70013643 - 1988 - Pedogenic replacement of aluminosilicate grains by CaCO3 in Ustollic Haplargids, south-central Montana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T00:19:30.83989","indexId":"70013643","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Pedogenic replacement of aluminosilicate grains by CaCO3 in Ustollic Haplargids, south-central Montana, U.S.A.","title":"Pedogenic replacement of aluminosilicate grains by CaCO3 in Ustollic Haplargids, south-central Montana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A chronosequence of calcic soils formed on granitic glaciofluvial terrace deposits of Rock Creek and the Clarks Fork in south-central Montana shows progressive replacement of aluminosilicate parent-material grains by calcium-magnesium carbonate. The terraces range from late Pliocene to Holocene in age as dated by tephrochronology, correlation, and stream incision rates. Replacement is first seen in soils that are as old as 120,000 yr; the amount and degree of replacement increase in soils older than 120,000 yr along with the development of calcic horizons.
Under the petrographic microscope, carbonate replacement of quartz, feldspars, and the groundmass of andesite grains in Rock Creek soils is shown by embayed grains, networks of carbonate along cracks and between parts of polycrystalline grains and optically aligned grain fragments within carbonate masses. Microprobe data suggest that silica is released by replacement because it is absent from carbonate-filled spaces and is depleted in corrosion pits. Little microscopic evidence exists to support displacement of framework grains by carbonate because fragments of a single grain are rarely rotated out of optical alignment. In the calcic soils of Rock Creek, K-fabric (grains floating in a carbonate matrix) may form by both replacement and displacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(88)90063-8","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., 1988, Pedogenic replacement of aluminosilicate grains by CaCO3 in Ustollic Haplargids, south-central Montana, U.S.A.: Geoderma, v. 41, no. 3-4, p. 243-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(88)90063-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 45.874712248904764\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 45.874712248904764\n ],\n [\n -110.6982421875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a762ce4b0c8380cd77f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013688,"text":"70013688 - 1988 - Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013688","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems","docAbstract":"The geologic appraisal model that is selected for a petroleum resource assessment depends upon purpose of the assessment, basic geologic assumptions of the area, type of available data, time available before deadlines, available human and financial resources, available computer facilities, and, most importantly, the available quantitative methodology with corresponding computer software and any new quantitative methodology that would have to be developed. Therefore, different resource assessment projects usually require different geologic models. Also, more than one geologic model might be needed in a single project for assessing different regions of the study or for cross-checking resource estimates of the area. Some geologic analyses used in the past for petroleum resource appraisal involved play analysis. The corresponding quantitative methodologies of these analyses usually consisted of Monte Carlo simulation techniques. A probabilistic system of petroleum resource appraisal for play analysis has been designed to meet the following requirements: (1) includes a variety of geologic models, (2) uses an analytic methodology instead of Monte Carlo simulation, (3) possesses the capacity to aggregate estimates from many areas that have been assessed by different geologic models, and (4) runs quickly on a microcomputer. Geologic models consist of four basic types: reservoir engineering, volumetric yield, field size, and direct assessment. Several case histories and present studies by the U.S. Geological Survey are discussed. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892972","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1988, Multi-model approach to petroleum resource appraisal using analytic methodologies for probabilistic systems: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 955-972, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892972.","startPage":"955","endPage":"972","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892972"},{"id":220326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb8e4b0c8380cd710c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013689,"text":"70013689 - 1988 - Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013689","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"The truncated shifted Pareto (TSP) distribution, a variant of the two-parameter Pareto distribution, in which one parameter is added to shift the distribution right and left and the right-hand side is truncated, is used to model size distributions of oil and gas fields for resource assessment. Assumptions about limits to the left-hand and right-hand side reduce the number of parameters to two. The TSP distribution has advantages over the more customary lognormal distribution because it has a simple analytic expression, allowing exact computation of several statistics of interest, has a \"J-shape,\" and has more flexibility in the thickness of the right-hand tail. Oil field sizes from the Minnelusa play in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana, are used as a case study. Probability plotting procedures allow easy visualization of the fit and help the assessment. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892970","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Houghton, J., 1988, Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 907-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970.","startPage":"907","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970"},{"id":220327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa1e4b08c986b329c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, J.C.","contributorId":72801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houghton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013647,"text":"70013647 - 1988 - Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T22:36:12.525238","indexId":"70013647","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary","docAbstract":"Analyses of an extensive grid of seismic reflection profiles along with previously published core data and modern sedimentary environment information from surrounding coastal areas permit an outline of the paleogeography of the large Delaware Bay estuary during the last transgression of sea level. During late Wisconsinan times, the Delaware River system eroded a dendritic drainage pattern into the gravelly and muddy sands of Tertiary and younger age beneath the southern half of the lower bay area. This system included the trunk valley of the ancestral river and a large tributary valley formed by the convergence of secondary streams along the Delaware coast. The evolution of the estuary from this drainage system proceeded as follows: (1) When local relative sea level was at -50 m, the head of the tide reached the present bay-mouth area. (2) At -40 m (possibly 15,000-12,000 yrs ago), the trunk valley of the drainage system was a tidal river that extended more than 30 km up the bay, and a small contiguous inlet existed at the bay mouth. (3) At -30 m (approximately 11,000-10,000 yrs ago), the estuary comprised two narrow passages formed by the drowning of the main and tributary river valleys, and the bay-mouth inlet was 5-6 km wide. (4) At -20 m (between 8000 and 7000 yrs ago), the two passages of the estuary were joined, except for a series of small islands on top of a low intervening ridge, and the inlet channel was 11 km wide. (5) At -10 m (between 6000 and 5000 yrs ago), the estuary was nearly continuous and encompassed about 60% of the present lower bay area. Thin, coarse-grained fluvial deposits accumulated initially within the main channels of the former drainage system as base level was elevated by rising sea level. During the subsequent development of the estuary, clayey silts were deposited rapidly beneath the nontidal estuarine depocenter (turbidity maximum) as it migrated through the bay area, and organic muds accumulated in tidal wetlands that occupied the mouths of tributaries and small marginal embayments. As the fetch and tidal prism of the estuary increased, narrow barrier and headland beaches, composed of fine to coarse sands, were formed locally along the bay shorelines. In the later stages of development, sediment scour, reworking and transport became the dominant processes within the open estuary. Data from this study demonstrate the great temporal and spatial variability of sedimentary deposits within large drowned river-valley estuaries and outline a model that can be used to interpret ancient estuarine strata. ?? 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(88)90055-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., Fletcher, C., and Kraft, J., 1988, Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary: Marine Geology, v. 83, no. 1-4, p. 115-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90055-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 39.348130187297784\n ],\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 38.74867521775795\n ],\n [\n -74.8564927492127,\n 38.74867521775795\n ],\n [\n -74.8564927492127,\n 39.348130187297784\n ],\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 39.348130187297784\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4543e4b0c8380cd67182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C.H. III","contributorId":85721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, J.C.","contributorId":69300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85378,"text":"85378 - 1988 - Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"85378","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","docAbstract":"We outline a population model proposed to accommodate the full life cycle of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Events during the breeding season are better understood than events at other times of the year, but recent findings suggest the importance of phenomena away from the breeding grounds. Several processes are discussed relative to mallard population dynamics. Compensatory mortality is a poorly understood concept, but one that can overwhelm many other components of a population model. Diseases and environmental contaminants can inflict indirect as well as direct mortality and can reduce reproduction. They interact with numerous other variables in complex and yet unknown ways. Recent evidence of a wintering-ground effect on subsequent recruitment provides one avenue for modeling phenomena occurring at different times of the year. Finally, the role of heterogeneity among individuals is widely acknowledged but not fully appreciated. We illustrate with an example the importance of heterogeneity to population processes, including compensatory mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl in winter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota Press","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Nichols, J., Conroy, M., and Cowardin, L., 1988, Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle, chap. of Waterfowl in winter, p. 9-20 [624 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 9-20 [624 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, M.W.","contributorId":54562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013644,"text":"70013644 - 1988 - Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T11:57:24","indexId":"70013644","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA","docAbstract":"Several hot-rock avalanches have occurred during the growth of the composite dome of Mount St. Helens, Washington between 1980 and 1987. One of these occurred on 9 May 1986 and produced a fan-shaped avalanche deposit of juvenile dacite debris together with a more extensive pyroclastic-flow deposit. Laterally thinning deposits and abrasion and baking of wooden and plastic objects show that a hot ash-cloud surge swept beyond the limits of the pyroclastic flow. Plumes that rose 2-3 km above the dome and vitric ash that fell downwind of the volcano were also effects of this event, but no explosion occurred. All the facies observed originated from a single avalanche. Erosion and melting of craterfloor snow by the hot debris caused debris flows in the crater, and a small flood that carried juvenile and other clasts north of the crater. A second, broadly similar event occurred in October 1986. Larger events of this nature could present a significant volcanic hazard. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01047505","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mellors, R., Waitt, R., and Swanson, D.A., 1988, Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 14-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047505.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1555e4b0c8380cd54d74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mellors, R.A.","contributorId":36679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mellors","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002688,"text":"1002688 - 1988 - Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T10:25:44","indexId":"1002688","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection","docAbstract":"Portions of the Savannah River floodplain swamp were evaluated for vegetation change using high resolution (5a??6 m) aircraft multispectral scanner (MSS) data. Image distortion from aircraft movement prevented precise image-to-image registration in some areas. However, when small scenes were used (200-250 ha), a first-order linear transformation provided registration accuracies of less than or equal to one pixel. A larger area was registered using a piecewise linear method. Five major wetland classes were identified and evaluated for change. Phenological differences and the variable distribution of vegetation limited wetland type discrimination. Using unsupervised methods and ground-collected vegetation data, overall classification accuracies ranged from 84 per cent to 87 per cent for each scene. Results suggest that high-resolution aircraft MSS data can be precisely registered, if small areas are used, and that wetland vegetation change can be accurately detected and monitored.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168808954834","usgsCitation":"Christensen, E., Jensen, J., Ramsey, E., and Mackey, H., 1988, Aircraft MSS data registration and vegetation classification of wetland change detection: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168808954834.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, E.J.","contributorId":52545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, J.R.","contributorId":32127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mackey, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":38525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013713,"text":"70013713 - 1988 - Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70013713","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA","docAbstract":"A devastating pyroclastic surge and resultant lahars at Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 produced several catastrophic flowages into tributaries on the northeast volcano flank. The tributaries channeled the flows to Smith Creek valley, which lies within the area devastated by the surge but was unaffected by the great debris avalanche on the north flank. Stratigraphy shows that the pyroclastic surge preceded the lahars; there is no notable \"wet\" character to the surge deposits. Therefore the lahars must have originated as snowmelt, not as ejected water-saturated debris that segregated from the pyroclastic surge as has been inferred for other flanks of the volcano. In stratigraphic order the Smith Creek valley-floor materials comprise (1) a complex valley-bottom facies of the pyroclastic surge and a related pyroclastic flow, (2) an unusual hummocky diamict caused by complex mixing of lahars with the dry pyroclastic debris, and (3) deposits of secondary pyroclastic flows. These units are capped by silt containing accretionary lapilli, which began falling from a rapidly expanding mushroom-shaped cloud 20 minutes after the eruption's onset. The Smith Creek valley-bottom pyroclastic facies consists of (a) a weakly graded basal bed of fines-poor granular sand, the deposit of a low-concentration lithic pyroclastic surge, and (b) a bed of very poorly sorted pebble to cobble gravel inversely graded near its base, the deposit of a high-concentration lithic pyroclastic flow. The surge apparently segregated while crossing the steep headwater tributaries of Smith Creek; large fragments that settled from the turbulent surge formed a dense pyroclastic flow along the valley floor that lagged behind the front of the overland surge. The unusual hummocky diamict as thick as 15 m contains large lithic clasts supported by a tough, brown muddy sand matrix like that of lahar deposits upvalley. This unit contains irregular friable lenses and pods meters in diameter, blocks incorporated from the underlying dry and hot pyroclastic material that had been deposited only moments earlier. The hummocky unit is the deposit of a high-viscosity debris flow which formed when lahars mingled with the pyroclastic materials on Smith Creek valley floor. Overlying the debris flow are voluminous pyroclastic deposits of pebbly sand cut by fines-poor gas-escape pipes and containing charred wood. The deposits are thickest in topographic lows along margins of the hummocky diamict. Emplaced several minutes after the hot surge had passed, this is the deposit of numerous secondary pyroclastic flows derived from surge material deposited unstably on steep valley sides. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01073588","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., and Waitt, R., 1988, Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 304-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073588.","startPage":"304","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073588"},{"id":219819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da3e4b0c8380cd636ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.R.","contributorId":42611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045407,"text":"70045407 - 1988 - Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:29:46","indexId":"70045407","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":124,"text":"Nebraska water survey paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"64","title":"Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985","docAbstract":"The estimated volume of 19,187,200 acre-feet of water used in Nebraska during 1985 is an average of 17,116.15 million gallons per day. Surface water supplied 12,925,040 acre-feet or 67.4 percent of the total volume used. The\nremaining 6,262,160 acre-feet or 32.6 percent was pumped from the groundwater reservoir. Power production was the greatest use of water of any category, with 10,415,200 acre-feet or 54.3 percent of the total use during 1985.\nExcluding power production, estimated total water use in Nebraska in 1985 was 7,825.16 million gallots per day, or 8,772,000 acre-feet. Excluding power production, groundwater accounted for 71 percent-or 5,561.51 million gallons\nper day (6,234,450 acre-feet)-of this total water use in the state in 1985, and surface water accounted for 28.9 percent, or 2,363.65 million gallons per day (2,537,550 acre-feet). Estimated irrigation water use of 8,144,170 acre-feet during 1985 was 42.4 percent of the total water use in the state; excluding power production, it was 92.8 percent of total water use.","language":"English","publisher":"Conservation and Survey Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Steele, E.K., 1988, Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985: Nebraska water survey paper 64, vii, 125 p.","productDescription":"vii, 125 p.","numberOfPages":"134","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045407/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272722,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045407/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.00000,40.000000 ], [ -104.00000,43.000000 ], [ -95.416667,43.000000 ], [ -95.416667,40.000000 ], [ -104.00000,40.000000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216ae4b0411d430a8a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Eugene K. Jr.","contributorId":64129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003023,"text":"1003023 - 1988 - High-performance liquid-chromatographic separation of subcomponents of antimycin-A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:06:51.57827","indexId":"1003023","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2213,"text":"Journal of Chromatography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-performance liquid-chromatographic separation of subcomponents of antimycin-A","docAbstract":"Using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique, a mixture of antimycins A was separated into eight hitherto unreported subcomponents, A1a, A1b, A2a, A2b, A3a, A3b, A4a, and A4b. Although a base-line resolution of the known four major antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4 was readily achieved with mobile phases containing acetate buffers, the separation of the new antibiotic subcomponents was highly sensitive to variation in mobile phase conditions. The type and composition of organic modifiers, the nature of buffer salts, and the concentration of added electrolytes had profound effects on capacity factors, separation factors, and peak resolution values. Of the numerous chromatographic systems examined, a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (70:30) and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate at pH 3.0 yielded the most satisfactory results for the separation of the subcomponents. Reversed-phase gradient HPLC separation of the dansylated or methylated antibiotic compounds produced superior chromatographic characteristics and the presence of added electrolytes was not a critical factor for achieving separation. Differences in the chromatographic outcome between homologous and structural isomers were interpretated based on a differential solvophobic interaction rationale. Preparative reversed-phase HPLC under optimal conditions enabled isolation of pure samples of the methylated antimycin subcomponents for use in structural studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9673(88)90007-6","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1988, High-performance liquid-chromatographic separation of subcomponents of antimycin-A: Journal of Chromatography, v. 447, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(88)90007-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"447","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013831,"text":"70013831 - 1988 - Chemistry, mineralogy and origin of the clay-hill nitrate deposits, Amargosa River valley, Death Valley region, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:53:08","indexId":"70013831","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry, mineralogy and origin of the clay-hill nitrate deposits, Amargosa River valley, Death Valley region, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The clay-hill nitrate deposits of the Amargosa River valley, California, are caliche-type accumulations of water-soluble saline minerals in clay-rich soils on saline lake beds of Miocene, Pliocene(?) and Pleistocene age. The soils have a maximum thickness of ??? 50 cm, and commonly consist of three layers: (1) an upper 5-10 cm of saline-free soil; (2) an underlying 15-20 cm of rubbly saline soil; and (3) a hard nitrate-rich caliche, 10-20 cm thick, at the bottom of the soil profile. The saline constituents, which make up as much as 50% of the caliche, are chiefly Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4 and Na+. In addition are minor amounts of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, varying, though generally minor, amounts of B2O3 and CO2-3, and trace amounts of I (probably as IO-3), NO-2, CrO2-4 and Mo (probably as MoO2-4). The water-soluble saline materials have an I/Br ratio of ??? 1, which is much higher than nearly all other saline depostis. The principal saline minerals of the caliche are halite (NaCl), nitratite (NaNO3), darapskite (Na3(SO4)(NO3)??H2O), glauberite (Na2Ca(SO4)2), gypsum (CaSO4??2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4). Borax (Na2B4O5(OH)4??8H2O), tincalconite (Na2B4O5(OH)4??3H2O) and trona (Na3(CO3)(HCO3)??2H2O) are abundant locally. The clay-hill nitrate deposits are analogous to the well-known Chilean nitrate deposits, and probably are of similar origin. Whereas the Chilean deposits are in permeable soils of the nearly rainless Atacama Desert, the clay-hill deposits are in relatively impervious clay-rich soils that inhibited leaching by rain water. The annual rainfall in the Death Valley region of ??? 5 cm is sufficient to leach water-soluble minerals from the more permeable soils. The clay-hill deposits contain saline materials from the lake beds beneath the nitrate deposits are well as wind-transported materials from nearby clay-hill soils, playas and salt marshes. The nitrate is probably of organic origin, consisting of atmospheric nitrogen fixed as protein by photoautotrophic blue-green algae, which are thought to form crusts on soils at the sites of the deposits when moistened by rainfall. The protein is subsequently transformed to nitrate by autotophic bacteria. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90008-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G.E., Hosterman, J.W., and St., A.P., 1988, Chemistry, mineralogy and origin of the clay-hill nitrate deposits, Amargosa River valley, Death Valley region, California, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 85-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90008-3.","startPage":"85","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266091,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90008-3"},{"id":220336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b0e4b0c8380cd4c37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosterman, J. W.","contributorId":53017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosterman","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"St., Amand P. P.","contributorId":20611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St.","given":"Amand","suffix":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162353,"text":"70162353 - 1988 - Geophysical instrumentation near Parkfield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T15:13:53","indexId":"70162353","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical instrumentation near Parkfield","docAbstract":"The geophysical instrumentation operated by the U.S Geological Survey and others near Parkfield is designed to monitor ongoing tectonic processes that generate earthquakes and to record the strong shaking that results from larger shocks and its effects. this discussion focuses on the former objectives; the latter is discussed in the next section \"Ground Shaking and Engineering Studies on the Parkfield Section of the San Andreas Fault Zone.\"
\nBecause scientists expect the anticipated earthquake to resemble the historic Parkfield earthquakes, and in particular that in 1966, the data from the 1966 shock were used to site instruments for optimun benefit before, during, and after the next shock. the primary feature used for siting was the \"1966 rupture zone,\" which is shown as the orange fault traces on the maps in this section. This zone defines the extent of surface tectonic cracks in 1966 and includes the source areas for fore shocks to the 1934 and 1966 earthquakes (north end of the zone) as well as for apparent precursory fault creep in 1966 (near center of the zone). Scientists believe that if precursors to the next shock are observed, they most likely will be near the 1966 rupture zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1988, Geophysical instrumentation near Parkfield: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 60-71.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.62713623046875,\n 36.109033596783135\n ],\n [\n -120.74798583984375,\n 36.033552893400376\n ],\n [\n -120.27008056640624,\n 35.58250105910778\n ],\n [\n -120.11764526367186,\n 35.74316846139925\n ],\n [\n -120.59692382812499,\n 36.09682839442643\n ],\n [\n -120.62713623046875,\n 36.109033596783135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f48e4b0961cf2811bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162355,"text":"70162355 - 1988 - The USGS plan for short-term prediction of the anticipated Parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T15:14:37","indexId":"70162355","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The USGS plan for short-term prediction of the anticipated Parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"Aside from the goal of better understanding the Parkfield earthquake cycle, it is the intention of the U.S Geological Survey to attempt to issue a warning shortly before the anticipated earthquake. Although short-term earthquake warnings are not yet generally feasible, the wealth of information available for the previous significant Parkfield earthquakes suggests that if the next earthquake follows the pattern of \"characteristic\" Parkfield shocks, such a warning might be possible. Focusing on earthquake precursors reported for the previous \"characteristic\" shocks, particulary the 1934 and 1966 events, the USGS developed a plan* in late 1985 on which to base earthquake warnings for Parkfield and has assisted State, county, and local officials in the Parkfield area to prepare a coordinated, reasonable response to a warning, should one be issued.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1988, The USGS plan for short-term prediction of the anticipated Parkfield earthquake: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 83-86.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f50e4b0961cf2811c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162350,"text":"70162350 - 1988 - State public policy issues involved with the Parkfield prediction experiment.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T15:12:31","indexId":"70162350","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State public policy issues involved with the Parkfield prediction experiment.","docAbstract":"The earthquake-prediction experiment at Parkfield may well be the most important such experiment currently underway worldwide. Its importance, however, extends beyond the scientific data that will be gathered and whether those data that will be gathered and whether those data can provide reliable prediction methods. Important public policy lessons are being learned (and are yet to be learned), and these lessons may be transferable to other parts of California and the nation. Indeed, the Parkfield experiment has captured the interest of numerous Californians, including State officials, emergency managers, the news media, and at least some of the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Andrews, R., and Goltz, J., 1988, State public policy issues involved with the Parkfield prediction experiment.: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 87-91.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4fe4b0961cf2811c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, R.","contributorId":62662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goltz, J.","contributorId":98874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goltz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185534,"text":"70185534 - 1988 - Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T14:26:43","indexId":"70185534","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods","docAbstract":"To investigate the degree to which compaction of a sandy soil influences its unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K, samples of Oakley sand (now in the Delhi series; mixed, thermic, Typic Xeropsamments) were packed to various densities and K was measured by the steady-state centrifuge method. The air-dry, machine packing was followed by centrifugal compression with the soil wet to about one-third saturation. Variations in (i) the impact frequency and (ii) the impact force during packing, and (iii) the amount of centrifugal force applied after packing, produced a range of porosity from 0.333 to 0.380. With volumetric water content θ between 0.06 and 0.12, K values were between 7 × 10−11 and 2 × 10−8 m/s. Comparisons of K at a single θ value for samples differing in porosity by about 3% showed as much as fivefold variation for samples prepared by different packing procedures, while there generally was negligible variation (within experimental error of 8%) where the porosity difference resulted from a difference in centrifugal force. Analysis involving capillary-theory models suggests that the differences in K can be related to differences in pore-space geometry inferred from water retention curves measured for the various samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., and Akstin, K.C., 1988, Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 2, p. 303-310, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162356,"text":"70162356 - 1988 - Parkfield; the prediction....and the promise: introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T10:14:56","indexId":"70162356","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parkfield; the prediction....and the promise: introduction","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1988, Parkfield; the prediction....and the promise: introduction: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 41-43.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4de4b0961cf2811c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162354,"text":"70162354 - 1988 - History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T10:22:50","indexId":"70162354","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area","docAbstract":"Seismicity on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield occurs in a tectonic section that differs markedly from neighboring sections along the San Andreas to the northwest and to the southeast. Northwest of the Parkfield section, small shocks (magnitudes of less than 4) do occur frequently, but San Andreas movement occurs predominantly as aseismic fault creep; shocks of magnitude 6 and larger are unknown, and little, if any, strain is accumulating. In contrast, very few small earthquakes and no aseismic slip have been observed on the adjacent section to the southeast, the Cholame section, which is considered to be locked, in as much as it apparently ruptures exclusively in large earthquakes (magnitudes greater than 7), most recently during the great Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. The Parkfield section is thus a transition zone between two sections having different modes of fault failure. In fact, the regularity of significant earthquakes at Parkfield since 1857 may be due to the nearly constant slip rate pattern on the adjoining fault sections. Until the magnitude 6.7 Coalinga earthquake on May 2, 1983, 40 kilmoeters northeast of Parkfield, the Parkfield section had been relatively free of stress changes due to nearby shocks; the effect of the Coalinga shock on the timing of the next Parkfield shock is not known.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1988, History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 45-51.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.72738647460939,\n 35.985785076263035\n ],\n [\n -120.60653686523438,\n 36.04021586880111\n ],\n [\n -120.21514892578125,\n 35.70080152485188\n ],\n [\n -120.35385131835939,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -120.74249267578126,\n 35.97689484748794\n ],\n [\n -120.72738647460939,\n 35.985785076263035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f49e4b0961cf2811bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}