The regional photolineament pattern in Mount Abbot quadrangle in the central Sierra Nevada is sigmoidal in plan view. The fractures in the southwest section of the quadrangle, near Florence Lake, strike N10°–20°E, while those in the central section, along Bear Creek, strike N50°–70°E and those in the northeast strike N25°–40°E. A paleomagnetic investigation was undertaken to determine if this sigmoidal pattern was formed by kinking of originally straight photolineaments after the rock mass cooled below the blocking temperature. If the inner limb of the kink rotated 40°–60° clockwise with respect to the outer limbs, then there should be a similar difference in the paleomagnetic declinations between the Florence Lake and Bear Creek areas. The paleomagnetic results indicate a clockwise difference in declination of 13.4°±7° of the Bear Creek area with respect to Florence Lake. Thus the sigmoidal pattern could not have formed entirely by rotation after cooling below the blocking temperature. It is also possible that the observed declination discrepancy is due to tilting, apparent polar wander, or paleomagnetic dispersion instead of rotation. Sigmoidal patterns, formed by kink folding, occur on the outcrop scale with inner limb rotations of 15°–30°; three of these kinks were sampled to test the paleomagnetic method in an area of demonstrable rotation. The data from these sites indicate that although no difference in declination is evident, a reheating event may have occurred which could have removed any rotation from the paleomagnetic record. Reheating, possibly due to the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, may have been causally related to the outcrop scale kinking, since reheating is not observed away from the outcrop scale kinks. The data further indicate that there may have been continuous deformation of the rock mass during the formation of the kinks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB10p11711","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ross, S.L., 1988, Paleomagnetic constraints on rotation within Mount Abbot quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B10, p. 11711-11720, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB10p11711.","startPage":"11711","endPage":"11720","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7406e4b0c8380cd773c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014732,"text":"70014732 - 1988 - A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014732","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","docAbstract":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development in a given region based on calibration from a series of dated soils is used to estimate ages of soils in the same region that are not dated directly. The method is designed specifically to account for sampling procedures and uncertainties that are inherent in soil studies. Soil variation and measurement error, uncertainties in calibration dates and their relation to the age of the soil, and the limited number of dated soils are all considered. Maximum likelihood (ML) is employed to estimate a parametric linear calibration curve, relating soil development to time or age on suitably transformed scales. Soil variation on a geomorphic surface of a certain age is characterized by replicate sampling of soils on each surface; such variation is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution. The age of a geomorphic surface is described by older and younger bounds. This technique allows age uncertainty to be characterized by either a Gaussian distribution or by a triangular distribution using minimum, best-estimate, and maximum ages. The calibration curve is taken to be linear after suitable (in certain cases logarithmic) transformations, if required, of the soil parameter and age variables. Soil variability, measurement error, and departures from linearity are described in a combined fashion using Gaussian distributions with variances particular to each sampled geomorphic surface and the number of sample replicates. Uncertainty in age of a geomorphic surface used for calibration is described using three parameters by one of two methods. In the first method, upper and lower ages are specified together with a coverage probability; this specification is converted to a Gaussian distribution with the appropriate mean and variance. In the second method, \"absolute\" older and younger ages are specified together with a most probable age; this specification is converted to an asymmetric triangular distribution with mode at the most probable age. The statistical variability of the ML-estimated calibration curve is assessed by a Monte Carlo method in which simulated data sets repeatedly are drawn from the distributional specification; calibration parameters are reestimated for each such simulation in order to assess their statistical variability. Several examples are used for illustration. The age of undated soils in a related setting may be estimated from the soil data using the fitted calibration curve. A second simulation to assess age estimate variability is described and applied to the examples. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00903188","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Switzer, P., Harden, J., and Mark, R.K., 1988, A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, P.","contributorId":66432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013800,"text":"70013800 - 1988 - The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:00:10","indexId":"70013800","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted with well-characterized minerals to test the applicability of selective extraction schemes for Se and As partitioning in soils and sediments. Two specific steps were tested: the reductive dissolution of amorphous iron oxides and the oxidation of organic material. Selenium and As associated with amorphous iron oxides were usually not found in solution after reductive dissolution, due to readsorption onto other minerals unaffected by the extractant. Oxidants intended to dissolve organic material also oxidized Se(IV) adsorbed on a mineral to Se(VI), causing the release of Se(VI) to the extractant solution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020016x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Gruebel, K.A., Davis, J., and Leckie, J.O., 1988, The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 2, p. 390-397, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020016x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"397","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e70e4b0c8380cd5345f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gruebel, Karen A.","contributorId":74137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruebel","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leckie, James O.","contributorId":77297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014718,"text":"70014718 - 1988 - Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:46:54.517196","indexId":"70014718","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","docAbstract":"A series of compositionally diverse, Late Archean rocks (2.74–2.79 Ga old) from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, U.S.A., have the same initial Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios. Lead and Sr initial ratios are higher and Nd initial ratios lower than would be expected for rocks derived from model mantle sources and strongly indicate the involvement of an older crustal reservoir in the genesis of these rocks. Crustal contamination during emplacement can be ruled out for a variety of reasons. Instead a model involving subduction of continental detritus and contamination of the overlying mantle as is often proposed for modern subduction environments is preferred. This contaminated mantle would have all the isotopic characteristics of mantle enriched by internal mantle metasomatism but would require no long-term growth or changes in parent to daughter element ratios. This contaminated mantle would make a good source for some of the Cenozoic mafic volcanics of the Columbia River, Snake River Plain, and Yellowstone volcanic fields that are proposed to come from ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle. The isotopic characteristics of the 2.70 Ga old Stillwater Complex are a perfect match for the proposed contaminated mantle which provides an alternative to crustal contamination during emplacement. The Pb isotopic characteristics of the Late Archean rocks of the eastern Beartooth Mountains are similar to those of other Late Archean rocks of the Wyoming Province and suggest that Early Archean, upper crustal rocks were common in this terrane. The isotopic signatures of Late Archean rocks in the Wyoming Province are distinctive from those of other Archean cratons in North America which are dominated by a MORB-like, Archean mantle source (Superior Province) and/or a long-term depleted crustal source (Greenland).
Miranda's surface is divisible into cratered terrain and coronae. The cratered terrain is the most heavily cratered of the terrains and presumably is the oldest. The frequency of craters in the cratered terrain is variable and related to position on the satellite. The coronae are also variably cratered. Elsinore and Arden Coronae have similar crater frequencies and may have formed simultaneously. They are of intermediate agompared to the cratered terrain and to Inverness Corona, which is the youngest major terrain. Graben formation appears to have occurred both before and after the formation of the coronae reflecting periods of global expansion. Miranda's surfaces are, in general, the least cratered and therefore inferred to be the youngest within the Uranian system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(88)90055-3","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Plescia, J.B., 1988, Cratering history of Miranda: Implications for geologic processes: Icarus, v. 73, no. 3, p. 442-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(88)90055-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc9ae4b0c8380cd4e33e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014713,"text":"70014713 - 1988 - Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:20:50","indexId":"70014713","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(88)90396-7","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Phillips, D., 1988, Distribution, variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 19, no. 9, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(88)90396-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.28279464911045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0326e4b0c8380cd50373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, D.J.H.","contributorId":80829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"D.J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014712,"text":"70014712 - 1988 - An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:03:32","indexId":"70014712","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1525,"text":"Environment and Planning A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules","docAbstract":"Efficient mitigation of natural hazards requires a spatial representation of the risk, based upon the geographic distribution of physical parameters and man-related development activities. Through such a representation, the spatial probability of landslides based upon physical science concepts is estimated for Cincinnati, Ohio. Mitigation programs designed to reduce loss from landslide natural hazards are then evaluated. An optimum mitigation rule is suggested that is spatially selective and is determined by objective measurements of hillside slope and properties of the underlying soil. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environment and Planning A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1068/a200621","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Brookshire, D., Campbell, R.H., and Shapiro, C., 1988, An economic and geographic appraisal of a spatial natural hazard risk: a study of landslide mitigation rules: Environment and Planning A, v. 20, no. 5, p. 621-631, https://doi.org/10.1068/a200621.","startPage":"621","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269305,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200621"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ce4b0c8380cd486a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookshire, D.S.","contributorId":43335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, C.D.","contributorId":24796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014710,"text":"70014710 - 1988 - Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014710","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","docAbstract":"The variation in relative elemental concentrations among a series of coal macerals belonging to the vitrinite maceral group was determined using laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Variations in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V concentrations among the coals were determined using the LAMM A-1000 instrument. LAMMS analysis is not limited to these elements; their selection illustrates the application of the technique. Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V have minimal site-to-site variance in the vitrinite macerals of the studied coals as measured by LAMMS. The LAMMS data were compared with bulk elemental data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and D. C. arc optical emission spectroscopy (DCAS) in order to determine the reliability of the LAMMS data. The complex nature of the ionization phenomena in LAMMS and the lack of standards characterized on a microscale makes obtaining quantitative elemental data within the ionization microvolume difficult; however, we demonstrate that the relative variation of an element among vitrinites from different coal beds in the eastern United States can be observed using LAMMS in a \"bulk\" mode by accumulating signal intensities over several microareas of each vitrinite. Our studies indicate gross changes (greater than a factor of 2 to 5 depending on the element) can be monitored when the elemental concentration is significantly above the detection limit. \"Bulk\" mode analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of future elemental LAMMS microanalyses. The primary advantage of LAMMS is the inherent spatial resolution, ~ 20 ??m for coal. Two different vitrite bands in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed (CLB-1) were analyzed. The analysis did not establish any certain concentration differences in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V between the two bands. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01236096","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lyons, P., Palmer, C., and Fletcher, J., 1988, Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 96, no. 1-6, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096"},{"id":225655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014709,"text":"70014709 - 1988 - Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T14:38:46.831799","indexId":"70014709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","docAbstract":"We use seismograms of local earthquakes to image relative shear wave attenuation structure in the shallow crust beneath the region containing the Coso volcanic-geothermal area of eastern California. SV and P wave amplitudes were measured from vertical component seismograms of earthquakes that occurred in the Cososouthem Sierra Nevada region from July 1983 to August 1985. Seismograms of 16 small earthquakes show SV amplitudes which are greatly diminished at some azimuths and takeoff angles, indicating strong lateral variations in S wave attenuation in the area. Three-dimensional images of the relative S wave attenuation structure are obtained from forward modeling and a back projection inversion of the amplitude data. The results indicate regions within a 20 by 30 by 10 km volume of the shallow crust (one shallower than 5 km) that severely attenuate SV waves passing through them. These anomalies lie beneath the Indian Wells Valley, 30 km south of the Coso volcanic field, and are coincident with the epicentral locations of recent earthquake swarms. No anomalous attenuation is seen beneath the Coso volcanic field above about 5 km depth. Geologic relations and the coincidence of anomalously slow P wave velocities suggest that the attenuation anomalies may be related to magmatism along the eastern Sierra front.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB04p03321","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C., Ho-Liu, P., Rinn, D., and Hiroo, K., 1988, Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B4, p. 3321-3338, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB04p03321.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3321","endPage":"3338","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib04p03321","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4be4b0c8380cd4919b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, C.","contributorId":91640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho-Liu, P.","contributorId":36689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho-Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinn, D.","contributorId":92436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinn","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiroo, Kanamori","contributorId":60784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroo","given":"Kanamori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013803,"text":"70013803 - 1988 - Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:40:19.008147","indexId":"70013803","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment","docAbstract":"A two‐dimensional laterally averaged model for suspended sediment transport in steady gradually varied flow that is based on the Lagrangian reference frame is presented. The layered Lagrangian transport model (LLTM) for suspended sediment performs laterally averaged Lagrangian calculations with steady or unsteady upstream boundary concentration. The elevations of nearly horizontal streamlines and the simulation time step are selected to optimize model stability and efficiency. The computational elements are parcels of water that are moved along the streamlines in the Lagrangian sense and are mixed with neighboring parcels. The bottom boundary condition can be either a near‐bed concentration or a sediment pick‐up rate. Three applications show that the LLTM can accurately simulate theoretical and empirical nonequilibrium suspended sediment distributions and slug injections of suspended sediment in a laboratory flume.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:10(1192)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1988, Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 10, p. 1192-1209, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:10(1192).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1209","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb990e4b08c986b327c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014848,"text":"70014848 - 1988 - Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T19:42:31","indexId":"70014848","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":698,"text":"Ambio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions","docAbstract":"The development of management strategies for the protection of environmental quality usually involves consideration both of technical and nontechnical issues. A logical, step-by-step framework for development of such strategies is provided. Its application to the control of cultured eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs illustrates its potential usefulness. From the perspective of the policymaker, the main consideration is that the eutrophication-related water quality of a lake or reservoir can be managed for given water uses. The approach presented here allows the rational assessment of relevant water-quality parameters and establishment of water-quality goals, consideration of social and other nontechnical issues, the possibilities of public involvement in the decision-making process, and a reasonable economic analysis within a management framework.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00447447","usgsCitation":"Rast, W., and Holland, M., 1988, Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions: Ambio, v. 17, no. 1, p. 2-12.","startPage":"2","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269518,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4313411"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd2e4b0c8380cd528c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rast, W.","contributorId":35476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rast","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, M.","contributorId":17380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014847,"text":"70014847 - 1988 - Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T15:27:20.583113","indexId":"70014847","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1569,"text":"Environmental Technology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Soil humic acids from different environments were fractionated by adsorption chromatography on Sephadex and characterized by C‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The C‐13 NMR spectra of the fractions consist of some sharp, well‐resolved lines and some broad bands in contrast to the spectra of the unfractionated humic acids, where the bands are broader and less well‐resolved. The marked increase in resolution is apparently due to increased homogeneity of the fractions. These spectra are compared to the spectra of model compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09593338809384538","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., Thorn, K.A., and Pinckney, D., 1988, Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Environmental Technology Letters, v. 9, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384538.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cbe4b0c8380cd4bf0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinckney, D.J.","contributorId":23175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinckney","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014846,"text":"70014846 - 1988 - Leachate generated by an oil-and-gas brine pond site in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T11:18:43.888666","indexId":"70014846","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leachate generated by an oil-and-gas brine pond site in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Two unlined ponds were used for holding and evaporation of brines produced with oil and gas at a well site in north-central North Dakota. The brine-evaporation ponds were in use from 1959 up to the late 1970s when they were backfilled and leveled. Continued salt-water migration at this site since closure has decreased crop yields in surrounding fields and has killed trees in a shelterbelt within an area of approximately 10 acres.
An apparent resistivity survey delineated a 360,000-ft2 area of extremely low resistivity. Isoconcentration maps indicate that a highly saline leachate plume extends laterally in a 500-foot radius around the ponds and vertically to a depth of 70 feet below the surface.
Ground-water recharge at this site is low because of the semiarid climate and the low hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface sediments and, as a result, very little flushing of the brine from the sediment beneath the ponds has occurred. Pore water within the unsaturated zone beneath the reclaimed ponds contains essentially the same ionic concentrations as that: of brine impounded in these pits 10 to 25 years ago.
Based upon the results of this research, we estimate that brine leachate will continue to migrate at slow rates from this site for tens and possibly hundreds of years if no action is taken. The construction of a mound over the site and/or an infiltration gallery around the perimeter would minimize the spread of brine and make it possible to return this land to production in the foreseeable future.
Element-concentration baselines are given for Parmelia sulcata and associated soils. Parmelia chlorochroa was found sporadically and therefore only representative concentration ranges are reported for this species. Element data include (1) for lichens; Al, As, Ba, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn; and (2) for soils: Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Nb, P, Pb, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn. Very little (usually < 10 %) of the variability in the element data for lichen material occurs regionally (> 7.2 km); thus, P sukata is, in general, chemically similar throughout the park. This same uniformity was found for soil geochemistry. Numerous samples collected at close intervals would be required, therefore, to produce detailed element-concentration maps for P. sulcata and soils. No instances of elemental phytotoxic conditions were found; however, P. sulcata apparently possesses large concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Pb, S, V, and possibly Zn.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279594","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., and Jackson, L.L., 1988, Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 157-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279594.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279594","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffece4b0c8380cd4f497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014147,"text":"70014147 - 1988 - Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T20:52:52.708051","indexId":"70014147","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada","docAbstract":"Walker Lake, a terminal saline lake in western Nevada, has experienced major fluctuations in its water level due to changes in the regional climate during Quaternary times. As part of a paleo-climatological study of western Nevada, we have investigated organic matter δ13C and C/N values and lipid biomarker contents of sediments deposited at various periods over the past 150 thousand years of lake history. Surficial sediments from two cross-lake transects contain mostly lake-derived organic matter. Diagenetic losses of organic matter are evident in deeper sediments, and the proportion of aquatic and terrigenous organic materials changes in response to variations in preservational factors. Source identification of organic matter is complicated by the probability that Walker Lake has experienced desiccation at various times in its history which impacts the degree of preservation of organic substances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","usgsCitation":"Meyers, P., and Benson, L.V., 1988, Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada: Organic Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 4-6, p. 807-813, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"813","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.810570409772254\n ],\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.59042632666018\n ],\n [\n -118.636087650418,\n 38.59042632666018\n ],\n [\n -118.636087650418,\n 38.810570409772254\n ],\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.810570409772254\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a16e4b08c986b317017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, P.A.","contributorId":53527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014159,"text":"70014159 - 1988 - Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T13:54:34.951633","indexId":"70014159","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile","docAbstract":"Crustal velocity structure for the region near Coalinga, California, has been derived from both earthquake and explosion seismic phase data recorded along a NW-SE seismic-refraction profile on the western flank of the Great Valley east of the Diablo Range. Comparison of the two data sets reveals P-wave phases in common which can be correlated with changes in the velocity structure below the earthquake hypocenters. In addition, the earthquake records reveal secondary phases at station ranges of less than 20 km that could be the result of S- to P-wave conversions at velocity interfaces above the earthquake hypocenters. Two-dimensional ray-trace modeling of the P-wave travel times resulted in a P-wave velocity model for the western flank of the Great Valley comprised of: (a) a 7- to 9-km-thick section of sedimentary strata with velocities similar to those found elsewhere in the Great Valley (1.6 to 5.2 km/sec); (b) a middle crust extending to about 14 km depth with velocities comparable to those reported for the Franciscan assemblage in the Diablo Range (5.6 to 5.9 km/sec); and (c) a 13- to 14-km-thick lower crust with velocities similar to those reported beneath the Diablo Range and the Great Valley (6.5 to 7.30 km/sec). This lower crust may have been derived from subducted oceanic crust that was thickened by accretionary underplating or crustal shortening.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780041475","usgsCitation":"Macgregor-Scott, N., and Walter, A., 1988, Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1475-1490, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780041475.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1490","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/4/1475/119055/Crustal-velocities-near-Coalinga-California"},{"id":226135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Coalinga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 36.48539391147344\n ],\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 35.84012693048392\n ],\n [\n -119.69233778313293,\n 35.84012693048392\n ],\n [\n -119.69233778313293,\n 36.48539391147344\n ],\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 36.48539391147344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcf2e4b0c8380cd4e530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macgregor-Scott, N.","contributorId":19715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macgregor-Scott","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, A.","contributorId":42720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014293,"text":"70014293 - 1988 - Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:18:08.211755","indexId":"70014293","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandstone porosity as a function of thermal maturity","docAbstract":"Sandstone porosity decreases in the subsurface as a power function of thermal maturity: ϕ = A(M)B, where ϕ is porosity and M is a measure of thermal maturity representing integrated time-temperature history; A and B are constants for a given sandstone of homogeneous properties but vary between data sets. The commonly observed exponential dependence of sandstone porosity upon depth follows as a special case from this power-function relation when temperature increases linearly with depth. The consideration of sandstone porosity in terms of time-temperature exposure offers advantages in the comparison of porosity data from diverse geologic settings, the recognition of unusual porosity within a sandstone sequence, and the prediction of porosity ahead of the drill and at times in the geologic past.
A strong test of our understanding of the earthquake cycle is the ability to reproduce extant fault-bounded geological structures, such as basins and ranges, which are built by repeated cycles of deformation. Along strike-slip faults, the coseismic and interseismic deformation can be nearly equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, resulting in little permanent deformation except for the fault offset. For dip-slip faults, portions of the crust are lifted and dropped, and so buoyancy forces are exerted. The seismic and interseismic deformations do not balance, and structures grow and become subject to erosion and deposition. We consider three examples for which the structure and fault geometry are well known: the White Wolf reverse fault in California, site of the 1952 Kern County M=7.3 earthquake, the Lost River normal fault in Idaho, site of the 1983 Borah Peak M=7.0 earthquake, and the Cricket Mountain normal fault in Utah, site of Quaternary slip events. Basin stratigraphy and seismic reflection records are used to profile the structure, and coseismic deformation measured by leveling surveys is used to estimate the fault geometry. To reproduce these structures, we add the deformation associated with the earthquake cycle (the coseismic slip and postseismic relaxation) to the flexure caused by the observed sediment load, treating the crust as a thin elastic plate overlying a fluid substrate. The cumulative deformation is principally dependent on the elastic plate thickness, modestly sensitive to the sediment-substrate density difference, and insensitive to the fluid viscosity for the 4- to 8-Ma structures. We deduce a longterm flexural rigidity of 2–15 × 1019 Nm; this is equivalent to an elastic plate thickness of 2–4 km for a Young's modulus of 2.5 × 1010 Nm−2. This value is found where independent estimates of the elastic thickness from the coherence between surface topography and gravity yield values of about 4 km, but where coseismic fault slip extends to a depth of 10–15 km. Thus much of the seismogenic crust must weaken substantially during the life of active faults, causing the fault-bounded basins to narrow over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p13319","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., King, G., and Rundle, J.B., 1988, The growth of geological structures by repeated earthquakes: 2, Field examples of continental dip-slip faults: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 13319-13331, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p13319.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"13319","endPage":"13331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baca9e4b08c986b32364a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, G.C.P.","contributorId":18510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rundle, J. B.","contributorId":17766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rundle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014455,"text":"70014455 - 1988 - Vapor-dominated zones within hydrothermal systems: Evolution and natural state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T14:53:15.43716","indexId":"70014455","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor-dominated zones within hydrothermal systems: Evolution and natural state","docAbstract":"Three conceptual models illustrate the range of hydrothermal systems in which vapor-dominated conditions are found. The first model (model I) represents a system with an extensive near-vaporstatic vapor-dominated zone and limited liquid throughflow and is analogous to systems such as The Geysers, California. Such systems can evolve within low-permeability barriers without changes in boundary conditions or rock properties, given an adequate supply of heat. Their scarcity in nature may be due to the need for a long-lived, potent heat source and for a low-permeability aureole that remains intact for significant lengths of time. Models II and III represent systems with significant liquid throughflow and include steam-heated discharge features at higher elevations and high-chloride springs at lower elevations, connected to and fed by a single circulation system at depth. In model II, as in model I, the vapor-dominated zone has a near-vaporstatic vertical pressure gradient and is generally underpressured with respect to local hydrostatic pressure. The vapor-dominated zone in model III is quite different, in that phase separation takes place at pressures close to local hydrostatic and the overall pressure gradient is near hydrostatic. A relatively large number of high-temperature systems in regions of moderate to great topographic relief are similar to either model II or model III; however, in most cases there are insufficient data to establish a single preferred model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p13635","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 1988, Vapor-dominated zones within hydrothermal systems: Evolution and natural state: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 13635-13655, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p13635.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"13635","endPage":"13655","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc120e4b08c986b32a461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014442,"text":"70014442 - 1988 - Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:06:06","indexId":"70014442","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","docAbstract":"One approach that has been used in performing a nonparametric test for monotonic trend in a hydrologic time series consists of a two-stage analysis. First, a regression equation is estimated for the variable being tested as a function of an exogenous variable. A nonparametric trend test such as the Kendall test is then performed on the residuals from the equation. By analogy to stagewise regression and through Monte Carlo experiments, it is demonstrated that this approach will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the trend and to result in some loss in power as a result of ignoring the interaction between the exogenous variable and time. An alternative approach, referred to as the adjusted variable Kendall test, is demonstrated to generally have increased statistical power and to provide more reliable estimates of the trend slope. In addition, the utility of including an exogenous variable in a trend test is examined under selected conditions.
Variations in streamwater temperature at the outlet of a 41-ha forested watershed at Panola Mountain in the Georgia Piedmont indicate that the initial rapid hydrologic response is caused by a combination of groundwater discharge and channel interception of rainwater. A storm in May 1986 caused a rapid increase in discharge that was accompanied by a decrease in streamwater temperature and a rise in the water table level adjacent to the stream. The higher water table provided the hydraulic gradient necessary to increase the discharge of colder groundwater to the stream. Storms that occurred under very dry antecedent conditions in July 1986 and June 1987 caused a rapid hydrologic response but no change in water table level, indicating the response was caused by channel interception of rainwater. This conclusion was supported by increases in streamwater temperature in the June storm and by chemical changes in the July storm. When rainfall is sufficient, flow in the ephemeral part of the stream in the catchment headwaters generates a second and larger discharge peak that reflects the chemistry and temperature of runoff from a 3-ha granite outcrop in the headwaters; sulfate concentration and temperature increase and alkalinity decreases relative to prestorm conditions. The initial response, however, results from channel interception and groundwater discharge. Rapid rises in the water table level during some storms suggest that macropore flow may play a major role in the hydrologic response of the watershed to rainstorms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., and Peters, N., 1988, Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 349-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8936e4b0c8380cd7dd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}