A bored and encrusted late Pleistocene ooid grainstone was recovered from the seafloor at a depth of approximately 40 m on the outer continental shelf of eastern Florida. Ooid cortices are dominantly bimineralic, generally consisting of inner layers of radial magnesian calcite and outer layers of tangential aragonite. Ooid nuclei are dominantly rounded cryptocrystalline grains, although quartz grains and a variety of skeletal grains also occur as nuclei. Ooids are partially cemented by blocky calcite, and interparticle porosity is partially filled by micrite.
\n\n
Radial cortex layers are composed of brightly cathodoluminescent magnesian calcite having a composition of approximately 12 mol% MgCO3 and 1000 ppm strontium. The iron and manganese concentrations in radial cortex layers are generally in the range of 500–1000 ppm and 100–250 ppm, respectively. Tangential cortex layers are composed of noncathodoluminescent aragonite containing approximately 11 500 ppm strontium and less than 0.5 mol% MgCO3. Iron concentrations in tangential cortex layers are generally in the range of 150–400 ppm, and manganese concentrations are generally below the detection limit of 100 ppm. Echinoderm skeletal fragments, which are present as accessory grains, are composed of brightly cathodoluminescent magnesian calcite. Some ooid nuclei and the thin outer edges of some blocky calcite cement are cathodoluminescent; micrite matrix and the bulk of blocky calcite cement are noncathodoluminescent. Ooids do not exhibit textural evidence of recrystallization.
\n\n
The ooid grainstone underwent an episode of meteoric diagenesis. but ooid cortices were not affected by the event. We propose a previously unrecognized process by which the magnesian calcite cortex layers underwent diagenetic alteration in oxygen-depleted seawater. During this diagenesis, magnesium was lost and manganese was incorporated without apparent textural alteration and without mineralogical stabilization. Thus, we Suggest that cathodoluminescence may result from diagenetic alteration on the sea-floor.
\nSoftware tools have been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center to extract topographic structure and to delineate watersheds and overland flow paths from digital elevation models. The tools are specialpurpose FORTRAN programs interfaced with general-purpose raster and vector spatial analysis and relational data base management packages.
\nThe first phase of analysis is a conditioning phase that generates three data sets: the original OEM with depressions filled, a data set indicating the flow direction for each cell, and a flow accumulation data set in which each cell receives a value equal to the total number of cells that drain to it. The original OEM and these three derivative data sets can then be processed in a variety of ways to optionally delineate drainage networks, overland paths, watersheds for userspecified locations, sub-watersheds for the major tributaries of a drainage network, or pour point linkages between watersheds. The computer-generated drainage lines and watershed polygons and the pour point linkage information can be transferred to vector-based geographic information systems for futher analysis. Comparisons between these computergenerated features and their manually delineated counterparts generally show close agreement, indicating that these software tools will save analyst time spent in manual interpretation and digitizing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., and Domingue, J.O., 1988, Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1593-1600.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cae4b02419550d2f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142159,"text":"70142159 - 1988 - NOAA-10 AVHRR thermal-infrared image of the Colorado Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:31:46","indexId":"70142159","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NOAA-10 AVHRR thermal-infrared image of the Colorado Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"This month we demonstrate an example of the use of thermal infrared imagery to produce a relatively sharp surrogate shaded-relief image. The image shows one aspect of the drama and usefulness of calibrated thermal imagery that (because of compatible projection and pixel size) can be easily combined with other spectral bands of a satellite image. Such data can be enhanced in yet another way by stereoscopically combining two similar images with different orbital paths, such as was shown in the AVHRR column for January 1988.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., Quirk, B.K., and Hood, J.J., 1988, NOAA-10 AVHRR thermal-infrared image of the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 6.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"777","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cce4b02419550d2f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, Joy J. jhood@usgs.gov","contributorId":5510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"Joy","email":"jhood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142596,"text":"70142596 - 1988 - Conversion of Cartesian coordinates from and to Generalized Balanced Ternary addresses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:30:47","indexId":"70142596","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conversion of Cartesian coordinates from and to Generalized Balanced Ternary addresses","docAbstract":"Hexagonal grids have several advantages over square grids, such as a greater angular resolution and unambiguous connectivity. The Generalized Balanced Ternary (GBT) system is a spatial addressing method for hexagonal grids in which the hexagons are arranged in hierarchical aggregates, and which accommodates vector operations in GBT space. Efficient algorithms for converting Cartesian coordinates from and to GBT addresses are based on the dual representation of the hexagonal tessellation. The GBT-to-Cartesian algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than the Cartesian-to-GBT algorithm, the latter requiring interpolation and GBT addition for each digit of the generated GBT address.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., 1988, Conversion of Cartesian coordinates from and to Generalized Balanced Ternary addresses: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1565-1570.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1565","endPage":"1570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec42de4b02419550debb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142155,"text":"70142155 - 1988 - Differences in visible and near-IR responses, and derived vegetation indices, for the NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 AVHRRs: a case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:32:08","indexId":"70142155","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in visible and near-IR responses, and derived vegetation indices, for the NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 AVHRRs: a case study","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the differences in the visible and near-IR responses of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-9 and -10 satellites for coincident sample locations. The study also evaluates the differences in vegetation indices computed from those data. Data were acquired of the southeast portion of the United States for the 6 December 1986 daylight orbits of NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 satellites. The results suggest that, with appropriate gain and offset, the vegetation indices of the two sensor systems may be interchangeable for assessment of land surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., and Eidenshink, J.C., 1988, Differences in visible and near-IR responses, and derived vegetation indices, for the NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 AVHRRs: a case study: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 4, p. 485-490.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597c5e4b02419550d2f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137762,"text":"70137762 - 1988 - U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T16:04:08","indexId":"70137762","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"Deep seismic reflection and magnetic data suggest that the Gulf of Maine is underlain by four crustal blocks of differing reflection and magnetic character. Two of these blocks, the Gulf of Maine fault zone and adjacent central plutonic zone, can be correlated with Avalonian rocks in southern New England and New Brunswick. The boundary between them, the Fundy fault, projects onshore near the Ponkapoag fault in southeastern Massachusetts in a region where no major crustal boundary has (yet) been identified. A third block, called the southern plutonic zone, is interpreted as Avalonian, although the reflection and magnetic data are ambiguous. The fourth block, along the rifted continental margin, is correlated with Meguma rocks of Nova Scotia. The late Paleozoic Variscan front crosses the Gulf of Maine within the Gulf of Maine fault zone and indicates significant compressional movement rather than strike-slip.
\n\n
The Moho surface throughout the region is essentially flat and may have been produced by Mesozoic crustal extension. Associated modification of the lower crust was minimal in the northern Gulf and may have been moderate in the central and southern Gulf. The Franklin rift basin formed by reactivation of the inferred Avalon-Meguma boundary beneath Georges Bank as a low-angle detachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0172:USGSDS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Klitgord, K.D., Lee, M.W., and Trehu, A.M., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 2, p. 172-184, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0172:USGSDS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c75e4b08de9379b3814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142592,"text":"70142592 - 1988 - Intermediate-scale vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:31:09","indexId":"70142592","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intermediate-scale vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","docAbstract":"A Landsat-derived vegetation map was prepared for lnnoko National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge lies within the northern boreal subzone of northwestern central Alaska. Six major vegetation classes and 21 subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, open needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed, and broadleaf); broadleaf scrub (lowland, upland burn regeneration, subalpine); dwarf scrub (prostrate dwarf shrub tundra, erect dwarf shrub heath, dwarf shrub-graminoid peatland, dwarf shrub-graminoid tussock peatland, dwarf shrub raised bog with scattered trees, dwarf shrub-graminoid marsh); herbaceous (graminoid bog, graminoid marsh, graminoid tussock-dwarf shrub peatland); scarcely vegetated areas (scarcely vegetated scree and floodplain); and water (clear, sedimented). The methodology employed a cluster-block technique. Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photo-interpretation, and digital Landsat data. Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved preprocessing (geometric correction), derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, spectral class labeling of sample areas, preliminary classification of the entire study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification utilizing ancillary information such as digital elevation data. The final product is 1:250,000-scale vegetation map representative of distinctive regional patterns and suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., and Markon, C.J., 1988, Intermediate-scale vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 3, p. 377-383.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"383","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Innoko National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.6041259765625,\n 63.17171454570863\n ],\n [\n -158.6041259765625,\n 63.386600640372414\n ],\n [\n -158.14819335937497,\n 63.386600640372414\n ],\n [\n -158.14819335937497,\n 63.17171454570863\n ],\n [\n -158.6041259765625,\n 63.17171454570863\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec433e4b02419550debc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142154,"text":"70142154 - 1988 - An integrated approach for automated cover-type mapping of large inaccessible areas in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:32:25","indexId":"70142154","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated approach for automated cover-type mapping of large inaccessible areas in Alaska","docAbstract":"The lack of any detailed cover type maps in the state necessitated that a rapid and accurate approach to be employed to develop maps for 329 million acres of Alaska within a seven-year period. This goal has been addressed by using an integrated approach to computer-aided analysis which combines efficient use of field data with the only consistent statewide spatial data sets available: Landsat multispectral scanner data, digital elevation data derived from 1:250 000-scale maps, and 1:60 000-scale color-infrared aerial photographs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., 1988, An integrated approach for automated cover-type mapping of large inaccessible areas in Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 3, p. 357-362.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 72.0739114882038\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 72.0739114882038\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 51.72702815704774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597c0e4b02419550d2f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":102638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195531,"text":"70195531 - 1988 - Styles of organic facies development in selected coal beds of the Powder River Basin: A petrographic evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T16:26:55","indexId":"70195531","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Styles of organic facies development in selected coal beds of the Powder River Basin: A petrographic evaluation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Field Trip Guidebook, Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions no. 12","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., Moore, T.A., Warwick, P.D., Crowley, S., and Flores, R.M., 1988, Styles of organic facies development in selected coal beds of the Powder River Basin: A petrographic evaluation, chap. of Geological Society of America Field Trip Guidebook, Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions no. 12, p. 195-204.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff338fe4b0da30c1bfd91f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Holden, G. S.","contributorId":201464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Timothy A.","contributorId":9378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowley, S.S.","contributorId":43754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":95199,"text":"95199 - 1988 - Fish culture in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"95199","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fish culture in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Intensive Fish Farming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"BSP Professional Books","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","collaboration":"88-103/SE","usgsCitation":"Parker, N., 1988, Fish culture in the United States, chap. of Intensive Fish Farming, p. 372-374.","productDescription":"p. 372-374","startPage":"372","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f268e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shephard, C.J.","contributorId":111535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shephard","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bromage, N.R.","contributorId":113380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromage","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175272,"text":"70175272 - 1988 - Riverine C, N, Si and P transport to the coastal ocean: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T14:31:15","indexId":"70175272","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Riverine C, N, Si and P transport to the coastal ocean: An overview","docAbstract":"Terrestrial ecosystems cycle and recyle inorganic nutrients including a feedback to atmospheric dry deposition and precipitation (cf. Lewis et al., 1985). Each year, however, a small fraction per unit area of the atmosphere/plant/soil flux leaks from these land-based cycles via precipitation/runoff (Meybeck, 1982). These losses are, in general, unpreventable. Moreover, such nutrient “losses” have increased with increasing human population (Wollast, 1983); although to some extent this anthropogenic component can be controlled. Most rivers eventually flow into estuaries and the coastal ocean where their natural and anthropogenic nutrient loads continue to recycle, are lost to the atmosphere, or are buried in sediment. In one extreme, when riverine nutrient concentrations are exceedingly low, as in southwestern Canadian streams (Naiman and Sibert, 1978; Stockner and Shortreed, 1978, 1985), downstream plant biomass can be nutrient limited. In the other extreme, when these nutrient concentrations are very high such as in highly populated European river basins, downstream plant biomass can increase, perhaps intensifying natural anoxia cycles within the receiving estuarine/coastal ocean waters if these waters are stratified (Rosenberg, 1985).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal-offshore ecosystem interactions, Volume 22 of the series Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-52452-3_11","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Hager, S.W., Schemel, L.E., and Cayan, D.R., 1988, Riverine C, N, Si and P transport to the coastal ocean: An overview, chap. of Coastal-offshore ecosystem interactions, Volume 22 of the series Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies, v. 22, p. 227-253, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52452-3_11.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d0e4b006cb45558b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":147316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175350,"text":"70175350 - 1988 - Microbial and biogeochernical processes Soda Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:35:20","indexId":"70175350","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Microbial and biogeochernical processes Soda Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"Meromictic, alkaline lakes represent modern-day analogues of lacustrine source rock depositional environments. In order to further our understanding of how these lakes function in terms of limnological and biogeochemical processes, we have conducted an interdisciplinary study of Big Soda Lake. Annual mixolimnion productivity (ca. 500 g m-2) is dominated by a winter diatom bloom (60% of annual) caused by upward transport of ammonia to the epilimnion. The remainder of productivity is attributable to chemoautotrophs (30%) and photosynthetic bacteria (10%) present at the oxic -anoxic interface from May to November. Studies of bacterial heterotrophy and particulate fluxes in the water column indicate that about 90% of annual productivity is remineralized in the mixolimnion, primarily by fermentative bacteria. However, high rates of sulphate reduction (9-29 mmol m-2 yr-1) occur in the monimolimnion waters, which could remineralize most (if not all) of the primary productivity. This discrepancy has not as yet been fully explained. Low rates of methanogenesis also occur in the monimolimnion waters and sediments. Most of the methane is consumed by anaerobic methane oxidation occurring in the monimolimnion water column. Other bacterial processes occurring in the lake are also discussed. Preliminary studies have been made on the organic geochemistry of the monimolimnion sediments. Carbon-14-dating indicates a lower depositional rate prior to meromixis and a downcore enrichment in 13C of organic carbon and chlorophyll derivatives. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments indicate that the sediment organic matter is almost entirely derived from the water column with little or no contribution from terrestrial sources. The significance of the organics released by hydrous pyrolysis is discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lacustrine petroleum source rocks: Geological Society Special Publication No. 40","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Cloern, J., Sofer, Z., Smith, R.L., Culbertson, C., Zehr, J., Miller, L., Cole, B., Harvey, R., Iversen, N., Klug, M., Des Marais, D.J., and Rau, G., 1988, Microbial and biogeochernical processes Soda Lake, Nevada, chap. of Lacustrine petroleum source rocks: Geological Society Special Publication No. 40, p. 59-75.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8cee4b0ebae89b789ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. 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J.","contributorId":172660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27071,"text":"NASA ARC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rau, G.","contributorId":173483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70171178,"text":"70171178 - 1988 - Molecular conductivity indices for modelling toxicities of Great Lakes contaminants to Daphnia pulex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T12:38:00","indexId":"70171178","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Molecular conductivity indices for modelling toxicities of Great Lakes contaminants to Daphnia pulex","docAbstract":"Hazard assessment of hundreds of observed and potential contaminants in fish, sediment, and water of the Great Lakes is necessary to determine impact on fishery sources and other aquatic biota. The hundreds of new compunds introduced each year have few measured properties. Mathematical models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) provide rapid, inexpensive estimates of physical properties and toxicites. These models are useful when the contaminants are not commercially available for testing. To develop these predicitive models, acute bioassay results (48-hr EC50 of Daphnia pulex) of 62 compounds were regressed against several modes of molecular connectivity indices. The compunds were selected from the more hazardous classes in a list of 476 compunds tentatively identified by GC/MS in Great Lakes fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Preprints of papers presented at the 3rd Chemical Congress of North America and 195th ACS National Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd Chemical Congress of North America and 195th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 5-10, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Ontario, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.P., Passino, D., and Frank, A.M., 1988, Molecular conductivity indices for modelling toxicities of Great Lakes contaminants to Daphnia pulex, in Preprints of papers presented at the 3rd Chemical Congress of North America and 195th ACS National Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 5-10, 1988, p. 521-523.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"523","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccbfe4b07e28b662dcf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino, Dora R. M.","contributorId":29345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, Anthony M.","contributorId":28922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171179,"text":"70171179 - 1988 - Using side scan sonar data in a geographic information system to locate and display lake trout spawning habitat in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T12:44:00","indexId":"70171179","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using side scan sonar data in a geographic information system to locate and display lake trout spawning habitat in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has extensively used a side scan sonar to survey and pinpoint lake trout spawning grounds in the Great Lakes. The Geographic Information System (GIS) of the National Ecology Research Center produced maps from the side scan sonar data showing the exact location of the spawning grounds; this will enable current stocking programs to be carried out at those locations. These maps show the geographic position (latitude and longitude) of both the color-coded primary substrate types and the secondary substrate types, which are denoted by overstrikes. The maps must be supplemented with a Loran-C navigation grid for field use. The maps are proving useful to fishery managers by locating lake trout stocking areas in Lakes Michigan and Huron, as well as to researchers who investigate habitat quality on lake trout spawning grounds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fifth National MOSS User's Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifth National MOSS User's Workshop","conferenceDate":"May 2-5, 1988","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.L., Edsall, T.A., Waltermire, R.G., and White, B., 1988, Using side scan sonar data in a geographic information system to locate and display lake trout spawning habitat in the Great Lakes, in Proceedings of the Fifth National MOSS User's Workshop, New Orleans, LA, May 2-5, 1988, p. 102-109.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc7e4b07e28b662dd76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Charles L.","contributorId":102421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waltermire, Robert G. waltermireb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltermire","given":"Robert","email":"waltermireb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Barbara","contributorId":105368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171181,"text":"70171181 - 1988 - Fishery research in the Great Lakes using a low-cost remotely operated vehicle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T12:51:27","indexId":"70171181","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fishery research in the Great Lakes using a low-cost remotely operated vehicle","docAbstract":"We used a MiniROVER MK II remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to collect ground-truth information on fish and their habitat in the Great Lakes that have traditionally been collected by divers, or with static cameras, or submersibles. The ROV, powered by 4 thrusters and controlled by the pilot at the surface, was portable and efficient to operate throughout the Great Lakes in 1987, and collected a total of 30 h of video data recorded for later analysis. We collected 50% more substrate information per unit of effort with the ROV than with static cameras. Fish behavior ranged from no avoidance reaction in ambient light, to erratic responses in the vehicle lights. The ROV's field of view depended on the time of day, light levels, and density of zooplankton. Quantification of the data collected with the ROV (either physical samples or video image data) will serve to enhance the use of the ROV as a research tool to conduct fishery research on the Great Lakes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Inshore '88 Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Inshore '88","conferenceDate":"June 22-23, 1988","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"West Star Productions","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, G.W., Brown, C.L., and Argyle, R.L., 1988, Fishery research in the Great Lakes using a low-cost remotely operated vehicle, in Inshore '88 Conference Proceedings, San Diego, CA, June 22-23, 1988, p. 20-23.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb8e4b07e28b662dcab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Charles L.","contributorId":102421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043721,"text":"70043721 - 1988 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:11:01","indexId":"70043721","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1987","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps that were published during 1987, and (2) articles by Geological Survey personnel in non-Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1987; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\", \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970\", and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043721","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1987: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 408 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043721.","productDescription":"v, 408 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043721/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272669,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043721/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad65e4b0b6328103b4ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045317,"text":"70045317 - 1988 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:25:27","indexId":"70045317","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1987","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations. The decision to publish the report was made in 1946, from a proposal by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, Subcommittee on Ground Water. The subcommittee approved the proposal and agreed to issue this report as a means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation. The report was issued on a quarterly basis in 1946 and 1947, from 1948 to 1953 reports were issued every 6 months, and from 1954 to the present, the report has been issued annually.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1988, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1987, xxiv, 201 p.","productDescription":"xxiv, 201 p.","numberOfPages":"228","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1987-01-01","temporalEnd":"1987-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045317/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653870e4b077fa94dadff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045407,"text":"70045407 - 1988 - Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:29:46","indexId":"70045407","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":124,"text":"Nebraska water survey paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"64","title":"Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985","docAbstract":"The estimated volume of 19,187,200 acre-feet of water used in Nebraska during 1985 is an average of 17,116.15 million gallons per day. Surface water supplied 12,925,040 acre-feet or 67.4 percent of the total volume used. The\nremaining 6,262,160 acre-feet or 32.6 percent was pumped from the groundwater reservoir. Power production was the greatest use of water of any category, with 10,415,200 acre-feet or 54.3 percent of the total use during 1985.\nExcluding power production, estimated total water use in Nebraska in 1985 was 7,825.16 million gallots per day, or 8,772,000 acre-feet. Excluding power production, groundwater accounted for 71 percent-or 5,561.51 million gallons\nper day (6,234,450 acre-feet)-of this total water use in the state in 1985, and surface water accounted for 28.9 percent, or 2,363.65 million gallons per day (2,537,550 acre-feet). Estimated irrigation water use of 8,144,170 acre-feet during 1985 was 42.4 percent of the total water use in the state; excluding power production, it was 92.8 percent of total water use.","language":"English","publisher":"Conservation and Survey Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Steele, E.K., 1988, Estimated use of water in Nebraska, 1985: Nebraska water survey paper 64, vii, 125 p.","productDescription":"vii, 125 p.","numberOfPages":"134","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045407/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272722,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045407/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.00000,40.000000 ], [ -104.00000,43.000000 ], [ -95.416667,43.000000 ], [ -95.416667,40.000000 ], [ -104.00000,40.000000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216ae4b0411d430a8a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Eugene K. Jr.","contributorId":64129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014416,"text":"70014416 - 1988 - On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:13:21.965867","indexId":"70014416","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces","docAbstract":"Numerous published analyses of the nontectonic state of stress are based on Hooke's law and the boundary condition of zero horizontal deformation. This approach has been used to determine the gravitational stress state as well as the effects of processes such as erosion and temperature changes on the state of lithospheric stress. The major disadvantage of these analyses involves the assumption of lateral constraint which seems unrealistic in view of the observational fact that the crust can deform horizontally in response to applied loads. If the same problems are addressed by assuming that the remote stress state is constant, instead of the condition of zero horizontal deformation, then the resulting stress states are entirely different and in good accord with observations. In the absence of applied tectonic forces the only likely gravitational stress states are those for which all three principal stresses are nearly equal. To the contrary, the gravitational stress states developed on the basis of the lateral constraint assumption can be ruled out. The processes of erosion and sedimentation have slight tendencies to increase and decrease, respectively, the state of deviatoric stress. In particular, for initial stress states in the range of slightly extensional to compressional, erosion has the effect of enhancing the ratio of average horizontal to vertical stress, which may explain, at least in part, the common observation of high near-surface horizontal stresses. Temperature changes have only minor effects on the stress state, as averaged over the thickness of the lithosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p13609","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1988, On the state of lithospheric stress in the absence of applied tectonic forces: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 13609-13617, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p13609.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13609","endPage":"13617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dfde4b0c8380cd75431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014394,"text":"70014394 - 1988 - Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:06:05.476808","indexId":"70014394","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks","docAbstract":"A study is described that identifies the optimum operating conditions for the accurate determination of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, Bi and Cd using simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometry. Accuracy was measured in terms of the percentage recoveries of the analytes based on certified values in nine standard reference materials. In addition to identifying optimum operating conditions for accurate analysis, conditions resulting in serious matrix interferences and the magnitude of the interferences were determined. The listed elements can be measured with acceptable accuracy in a lean to stoicheiometric flame at measurement heights ???5-10 mm above the burner.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/JA9880301039","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Kane, J.S., 1988, Optimisation of flame parameters for simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in rocks: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 3, no. 7, p. 1039-1045, https://doi.org/10.1039/JA9880301039.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1045","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6eeee4b0c8380cd75892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, J. S.","contributorId":106507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"J.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33499,"text":"b1713B - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T19:50:32.260331","indexId":"b1713B","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, approximately 105,200 acres of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area (CDCA-307) were evaluated for mineral resources (known) and resource potential (undiscovered). In this report, the area studied is referred to as \"the wilderness study area\" or simply \"the study area\"; any reference to the Turtle Mountain Wilderness Study Area refers only to that part of the wilderness study area for which a mineral survey was requested by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
The wilderness study area is in southeastern San Bernardino County, Calif. Gold, silver, copper, and lead have been mined within and adjacent to the study area. Copper-zinc-silver-gold mineral occurrences are found in the southern part and gold-silver mineral occurrences are found in the northern part of the study area; identified low- to moderate-grade gold-silver resources occur adjacent to the study area along the western boundary. Six areas in the south-central and northwestern parts of the study area have high resource potential, two broad areas have moderate resource potential, and part of the southwest corner has low resource potential for lode gold, silver, and associated copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten. Alluvium locally within one of these areas has moderate resource potential for placer gold and silver, and the entire area has low resource potential for placer gold and silver. There is low resource potential for perlite, ornamental stone (onyx marble and opal), manganese, uranium and thorium, pegmatite minerals, and oil and gas within the study area. Sand and gravel are abundant but are readily available outside the wilderness study area.
","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1713B","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Nielson, J.E., Simpson, R.W., Hazlett, R.W., Alminas, H.V., Nakata, J.K., and McDonnell, J.R., 1988, Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, Report: vi, 28 p.; Plate: 29.72 x 40.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Plate: 29.72 x 40.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407645,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NBU9PY","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital database of geologic units, contacts, and faults for Mineral Resource Potential Map of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":340334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.6,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 34.1\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 34.1\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazlett, Richard W.","contributorId":89201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazlett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alminas, Henry V.","contributorId":59783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nakata, John K.","contributorId":32518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDonnell, John R. Jr.","contributorId":32898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":29153,"text":"wri894008 - 1988 - Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:39:42.49658","indexId":"wri894008","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4008","title":"Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","docAbstract":"Aqueous chemical and radioactive wastes discharged since 1952 to unlined ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) have affected water quality in perched groundwater zones and in the Snake River Plain Aquifer. Routine waste water disposal was changed from deep injection wells to ponds at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) in 1984. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations increased in perched groundwater zones under disposal ponds, but cobalt-60 concentrations decreased. In 1985, perched groundwater under TRA disposal ponds contained up to 1,770 ± 30 pCi/mL (picocuries/milliliter) of tritium and 0.36 ± 0.05 pCi/mL of cobalt-60.
During 1982-85, tritium concentrations in water in the Snake River Plain aquifer decreased as much as 80 pCi/mL near the ICPP. In 1985, measurable tritium concentrations ranged from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 93.4 ± 2.0 pCi/mL. Tritium was detected in groundwater near the southern boundary of the INEL, 9 miles south of the ICPP and TRA. Strontium-90 concentrations in groundwater, up to 63 ± 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) near the ICPP, generally were smaller than 1981 concentrations. Cesium-137 concentrations in groundwater near the ICPP ranged from 125 ± 14 to 237 ± 45 pCi/L. Maximum concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 , -240 (undivided) were 1.31 ± .0019 pCi/ml and 1.9 ± 0.00003 pCi/L. Sodium and chloride generally decreased during 1982-85. Nitrate concentrations increased near the TRA and NRF (Naval Reactors Facility) and decreased near the ICPP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894008","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., Fischer, P.R., and Jensen, R.G., 1988, Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4008, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894008.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414754,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, P. R.","contributorId":68786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, R. G.","contributorId":63799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29426,"text":"wri864334 - 1988 - Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T20:28:23.889047","indexId":"wri864334","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4334","title":"Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"A 3-yr investigation was conducted to determine the water required and used (both consumed and applied) for irrigation in the rice-growing areas of Vega Baja, Manati, and Arecibo along the north coast. In addition, the investigation evaluated the water resources of each area with regard to the full development of rice farming areas. Based on experiments conducted at selected test farms, water required ranged from 3.13 to 5.25 acre-ft/acre/crop. The amount of water required varies with the wet and dry seasons. Rainfall was capable of supplying from 31 to 70% of the water required for the measured crop cycles. Statistical analyses demonstrated that as much as 95% of rainfall is potentially usable for rice irrigation. The amount of water consumed differed from the quantity required at selected test farms. The difference between the amount of water consumed and that required was due to unaccounted losses or gains, seepage to and from the irrigation and drainage canals, and lateral leakage through levees. Due to poor water-management practices, the amount of water applied to the farms was considerably larger than the sum of the water requirement and the unaccounted losses or gains. Rivers within the rice growing areas constitute the major water supply for rice irrigation. Full development of these areas will require more water than the rivers can supply. Efficient use of rainfall can significantly reduce the water demand from streamflow. The resulting water demand, however, would still be in excess of the amount available from streamflow. Groundwater development in the area is limited because of seawater intrusion in the aquifers underlying the rice-growing areas. Capture of seepage to the aquifers using wells located near streams, artificial recharge, and development of the deep artesian system can provide additional water for rice irrigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864334","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A., 1988, Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4334, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864334.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4334/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.483\n ],\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.433\n ],\n [\n -66.35,\n 18.433\n ],\n [\n -66.35,\n 18.483\n ],\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db546da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, A. J.","contributorId":55839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014341,"text":"70014341 - 1988 - Retardations in fault creep rates before local moderate earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014341","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retardations in fault creep rates before local moderate earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system, central California","docAbstract":"Records of shallow aseismic slip (fault creep) obtained along parts of the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in central California demonstrate that significant changes in creep rates often have been associated with local moderate earthquakes. An immediate postearthquake increase followed by gradual, long-term decay back to a previous background rate is generally the most obvious earthquake effect on fault creep. This phenomenon, identified as aseismic afterslip, usually is characterized by above-average creep rates for several months to a few years. In several cases, minor step-like movements, called coseismic slip events, have occurred at or near the times of mainshocks. One extreme case of coseismic slip, recorded at Cienega Winery on the San Andreas fault 17.5 km southeast of San Juan Bautista, consisted of 11 mm of sudden displacement coincident with earthquakes of ML=5.3 and ML=5.2 that occurred 2.5 minutes apart on 9 April 1961. At least one of these shocks originated on the main fault beneath the winery. Creep activity subsequently stopped at the winery for 19 months, then gradually returned to a nearly steady rate slightly below the previous long-term average. The phenomena mentioned above can be explained in terms of simple models consisting of relatively weak material along shallow reaches of the fault responding to changes in load imposed by sudden slip within the underlying seismogenic zone. In addition to coseismic slip and afterslip phenomena, however, pre-earthquake retardations in creep rates also have been observed. Onsets of significant, persistent decreases in creep rates have occurred at several sites 12 months or more before the times of moderate earthquakes. A 44-month retardation before the 1979 ML=5.9 Coyote Lake earthquake on the Calaveras fault was recorded at the Shore Road creepmeter site 10 km northwest of Hollister. Creep retardation on the San Andreas fault near San Juan Bautista has been evident in records from one creepmeter site for the past 5 years. Retardations with durations of 21 and 19 months also occurred at Shore Road before the 1974 and 1984 earthquakes of ML=5.2 and ML=6.2, respectively. Although creep retardation remains poorly understood, several possible explanations have been discussed previously. (1) Certain onsets of apparent creep retardation may be explained as abrupt terminations of afterslip generated from previous moderate-mainshock sequences. (2) Retardations may be related to significant decreases in the rate of seismic and/or aseismic slip occurring within or beneath the underlying seismogenic zone. Such decreases may be caused by changes in local conditions related to growth of asperities, strain hardening, or dilatancy, or perhaps by passage of stress-waves or other fluctuations in driving stresses. (3) Finally, creep rates may be lowered (or increased) by stresses imposed on the fault by seismic or aseismic slip on neighboring faults. In addition to causing creep-rate increases or retardations, such fault interactions occasionally may trigger earthquakes. Regardless of the actual mechanisms involved and the current lack of understanding of creep retardation, it appears that shallow fault creep is sensitive to local and regional effects that promote or accompany intermediate-term preparation stages leading to moderate earthquakes. A strategy for more complete monitoring of fault creep, wherever it is known to occur, therefore should be assigned a higher priority in our continuing efforts to test various hypotheses concerning the mechanical relations between seismic and aseismic slip. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879008","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Burford, R.O., 1988, Retardations in fault creep rates before local moderate earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system, central California: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 499-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879008.","startPage":"499","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879008"},{"id":225829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac03e4b0c8380cd86ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014370,"text":"70014370 - 1988 - The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014370","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples","docAbstract":"Rates of shallow slip on creeping sections of the San Andreas fault have been perturbed on a number of occasions by earthquakes occurring on nearby faults. One example of such perturbations occurred during the 26 January 1986 magnitude 5.3 Tres Pinos earthquake located about 10 km southeast of Hollister, California. Seven creepmeters on the San Andreas fault showed creep steps either during or soon after the shock. Both left-lateral (LL) and right-lateral (RL) steps were observed. A rectangular dislocation in an elastic half-space was used to model the coseismic fault offset at the hypocenter. For a model based on the preliminary focal mechanism, the predicted changes in static shear stress on the plane of the San Andreas fault agreed in sense (LL or RL) with the observed slip directions at all seven meters; for a model based on a refined focal mechanism, six of the seven meters showed the correct sense of motion. Two possible explanations for such coseismic and postseismic steps are (1) that slip was triggered by the earthquake shaking or (2) that slip occurred in response to the changes in static stress fields accompanying the earthquake. In the Tres Pinos example, the observed steps may have been of both the triggered and responsive kinds. A second example is provided by the 2 May 1983 magnitude 6.7 Coalinga earthquake, which profoundly altered slip rates at five creepmeters on the San Andreas fault for a period of months to years. The XMM1 meter 9 km northwest of Parkfield, California recorded LL creep for more than a year after the event. To simulate the temporal behavior of the XMM1 meter and to view the stress perturbation provided by the Coalinga earthquake in the context of steady-state deformation on the San Andreas fault, a simple time-evolving dislocation model was constructed. The model was driven by a single long vertical dislocation below 15 km in depth, that was forced to slip at 35 mm/yr in a RL sense. A dislocation element placed in the seismogenic layer under XMM1 was given a finite breaking strength of sufficient magnitude to produce a Parkfield-like earthquake every 22 years. When stress changes equivalent to a Coalinga earthquake were superposed on the model running in a steady state mode, the effect was to make a segment under XMM1, that could slip in a linear viscous fashion, creep LL and to delay the onset of the next Parkfield-like earthquake by a year or more. If static stress changes imposed by earthquakes off the San Andreas can indeed advance or delay earthquakes on the San Andreas by months or years, then such changes must be considered in intermediate-term prediction efforts. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879014","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R., Schulz, S., Dietz, L., and Burford, R.O., 1988, The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 665-685, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879014.","startPage":"665","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879014"},{"id":225375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf37e4b08c986b324633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, S.S.","contributorId":6859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietz, L.D.","contributorId":50720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}