Demand for critical raw materials is expected to accelerate over the next few decades due to continued population growth and the shifting consumption patterns of the global economy. Sedimentary basins are important sources for critical raw materials and new discoveries of sediment–hosted Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) and/or clastic–dominated (CD) Zn–Pb deposits are likely required to mitigate future supply chain disruptions for Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Ga, Ge, Sb, and In. Herein we integrate public geoscience datasets using a discrete global grid to system to model the mineral potential for MVT and CD deposits across Canada, the United States of America, and Australia. Statistical analysis of the model results demonstrates that surface–wave tomography and derivative products from satellite gravity datasets can be used to map the most favourable paleo–tectonic settings of MVT and CD deposits inboard of orogenic belts and at the rifted edges of cratonic lithosphere, respectively. Basin development at pre–existing crustal boundaries was likely important for maintaining the low geothermal–gradients that are favourable for metal transport and generating the crustal fluid pathways that were reactivated during ore–formation, as suggested by the statistical association of both sediment–hosted mineral deposit types with the edges of upward–continued gravity and long–wavelength magnetic anomalies. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrates that the most prospective combination of these geophysical datasets varies for each geological region and deposit type. We further demonstrate that maximum and minimum geological ages, coupled with Phanerozoic paleogeographic reconstructions, represent mappable proxies for the availability of oxidized, brine–generating regions that are the most likely source of ore–forming fluids (e.g., low– to mid–latitude carbonate platforms and evaporites). Ore deposition was likely controlled by interaction between oxidized, low–temperature brines and sulfidic and/or carbonaceous rocks, which, in some cases, can be mapped at the exposed surface or identified using the available rock descriptions. Baseline weights–of–evidence models are based on regional geophysics and are the least impacted by missing surface information but yield relatively poor results, as demonstrated by the low area–under–the–curve (AUC) for the spatially independent test set on the success–rate plot (AUC = 0.787 for MVT and AUC = 0.870 for CD). Model performance can be improved by: (1) using advanced methods that were trained and validated during a series of semi–automated machine learning competitions; and/or (2) incorporating geological and geophysical datasets that are proxies for each component of the mineral system. The best–performing gradient boosting machine models yield higher AUC for the test set (AUC = 0.983 for MVT and AUC = 0.991 for CD) and reduce the search space by >94%. The model results highlight the potential benefits of mapping sediment–hosted mineral systems at continental scale to improve mineral exploration targeting for critical raw materials.
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Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70236246,"text":"70236246 - 2022 - Ocean connectivity drives trophic support for consumers in an intermittently closed coastal lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T12:27:06.439849","indexId":"70236246","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-17T07:25:25","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean connectivity drives trophic support for consumers in an intermittently closed coastal lagoon","docAbstract":"Estuarine food webs are complex, as marine, freshwater, and terrestrial inputs combine and contribute variable amounts of organic material. Seasonal fluctuations in precipitation amplify the dynamism inherent to estuarine food webs, particularly in lagoonal estuaries, which can be seasonally closed and disconnected from the ocean in low-runoff periods (bar-built lagoons). Despite their abundance along coastlines in Mediterranean climates, the organic matter sources fueling bar-built lagoon food webs are poorly understood, particularly with respect to seasonal hydrologic variability, episodic marine connections, and internal nutrient cycling. In this study, we evaluate the food web of a bar-built lagoon with respect to seasonal differences in lagoon water quality, the sources of organic matter which support consumers, and the trophic ecology of resident fishes. Observed water quality conditions reflected biogeochemical processes associated with salinity-driven stratification and high lagoon residence times and were associated with strong seasonal differences in the contribution of different organic matter sources to lagoon consumers. A variety of organic matter sources supported consumers; marine inputs were important to lagoon food webs in spring when the lagoon was open, while summer food webs were largely driven by phytoplankton which was likely fueled by internal nutrient cycling. Fish diets were largely comprised of crustaceans and fish eggs, with clearly defined trophic niches in spring but high overlap in summer. This study demonstrates that the seasonal changes in bar-built lagoon food webs are largely dependent on ocean connectivity and internal cycling within the lagoon, rather than watershed processes as is typical for many estuaries.
Historical and ongoing land use patterns in the Hawaiian Islands have degraded the Islands’ drylands, causing erosion and detrimentally affecting adjacent coastal marine ecosystems. Biological soil crust (biocrust) communities have been shown to increase soil stability in drylands worldwide, but their efficacy in mitigating soil erosion in Hawaiian drylands is largely unknown. Using a combination of field data and imagery collected by small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), we mapped biocrusts and examined their influence on soil stability in the Kawaihae watershed, an erosion-prone dryland on leeward Hawai`i Island. We created classified maps of biocrust cover from imagery collected at three spatial resolutions (1.2, 2.1 and 2.8 cm/pixel) using the pixel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and investigated the impacts of spatial resolution and biocrust level of development on classification accuracy. Our medium (2.1 cm) resolution image produced the highest overall classification accuracy when biocrust was treated as a single class (82.1%). We explored the spatial impacts of biocrusts on soil loss via sUAS-derived measurements of elevation change over a four-year time span. We found differences in soil loss among land cover types, but robustly quantifying these was a challenge, as much of the change fell below statistically significant limits of detection. We investigated the relationship between biocrust development and soil stability by conducting soil aggregate stability testing at the three biocrust levels of development (LODs) present at the study site. We found a significant increase in soil stability from soils without surface biocrusts (LOD score of 0) to those with biocrusts at any development level (LOD 1–3). Our research adds to the body of biocrust knowledge by presenting new information about biocrust distribution and soil stabilization capabilities in Hawaiian drylands. We also provide insights into the trade-offs between spatial resolution and classification accuracy for biocrust classification and land cover analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2021.2003904","usgsCitation":"Collier, E., Perroy, R.L., Reed, S., and Price, J.P., 2022, Mapping biological soil crusts in a Hawaiian dryland: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 43, no. 2, p. 484-509, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2021.2003904.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"509","ipdsId":"IP-130150","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collier, Eszter","contributorId":270734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collier","given":"Eszter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56202,"text":"University of Hawai’i, Hilo, Biological Sciences Department, Hilo, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perroy, Ryan L. 0000-0002-4210-3281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-3281","contributorId":205505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perroy","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37113,"text":"University of Hawaii - Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Jon P","contributorId":270735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":56203,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226875,"text":"70226875 - 2022 - Using fish community and population indicators to assess the biological condition of streams and rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T12:06:31.635434","indexId":"70226875","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-16T08:59:49","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using fish community and population indicators to assess the biological condition of streams and rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","docAbstract":"The development of indicators to assess relative freshwater condition is critical for management and conservation. Predictive modeling can enhance the utility of indicators by providing estimates of condition for unsurveyed locations. Such approaches grant understanding of where “good” and “poor” conditions occur and provide insight into landscape contexts supporting such conditions. However, as assessments are conducted at large extents crossing jurisdictional boundaries, combined datasets are likely not suited for traditional assessment approaches which rely on jurisdictionally-specific reference sites. Here, we used a large dataset compiled from multiple providers to assess the condition of fish habitat for non-tidal streams and rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW), USA. We concurrently used community and species-level analyses to provide a more holistic view of habitat conditions by using random forest models to predict selected metrics and species occurrence with landscape data for inland CBW stream reaches. Community analyses included metrics describing composition, tolerances, habitat preferences, and functional traits of fish communities whereas species-level analyses consisted of distribution models for key sensitive and gamefish species. For community analyses, a final index was calculated as the average of selected metric deciles with higher scores inferring less biologically altered (i.e., better) conditions, providing an alternative to using reference sites. For species analyses, species occurrence was predicted for stream reaches, with presence indicating suitable habitat. Uncertainty was calculated for both approaches using model prediction intervals. Results indicated different numbers of suitable metrics for each region, with most in the Northern Appalachian (15) and least in the Southern Appalachian Piedmont (3). Four species (three sensitive) were suitable for modeling. At the CBW scale, predictions did not vary greatly among deciles for the community or species analyses for 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. Most stream reaches did not vary in mean decile rank or in species occurrence between 2001 and 2016; however, the largest community changes occurred in large rivers in the Coastal Plains ecoregion and the largest species occurrence changes occurred in Torrent Suckers in medium-sized rivers. When compared, results from community analyses agreed for one sensitive species (Brook Trout) but not the other three, potentially due to regionally inappropriate tolerance assignment. Comparisons also demonstrated substantial variation among approaches suggesting a lack of redundancy. While each approach traditionally has its targeted audience and respective strengths and weaknesses, concurrent use of these approaches permits direct comparisons and may assuage shortcomings of each approach when considered separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108488","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K.O., Krause, K.P., Cashman, M.J., Daniel, W., Gressler, B.P., Wieferich, D.J., and Young, J.A., 2022, Using fish community and population indicators to assess the biological condition of streams and rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 134, 108488, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108488.","productDescription":"108488, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133787","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, Kevin P. 0000-0002-0255-7027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-7027","contributorId":218454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Matthew J. 0000-0002-6635-4309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-4309","contributorId":203315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniel, Wesley M. 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dwieferich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-7992","contributorId":176205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieferich","given":"Daniel","email":"dwieferich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5069,"text":"Office of the AD Core Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70226866,"text":"70226866 - 2022 - Institutional barriers to actionable science: Perspectives from decision support tool creators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T12:42:40.910629","indexId":"70226866","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-15T06:41:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Institutional barriers to actionable science: Perspectives from decision support tool creators","docAbstract":"Scholars have identified a ‘usability gap’ between science and its ability to inform real-world decisions as well as a range of factors that facilitate or impede attempts to span the usability gap with information products. However, most attention has focused on barriers related to information users; much less research focuses on the unique institutional and organizational barriers experienced by creators of decision support tools. To address this gap, we used semi-structured interviews to investigate the perspectives and experiences of practitioners holding scientific or technology roles, including their goals for their tools, their perceptions of success in meeting those goals, and the barriers and opportunities they encountered. We find that there is often a mismatch between what tool creators know is necessary to achieve success for their tools and what is actually possible given various constraints. Our results suggest that knowledge may be a less important barrier to conducting actionable science through creating decision support tools than the institutional context in which tool creators work.
Guided by the six elements of Translational Ecology (TE; i.e., decision-framing, collaboration, engagement, commitment, process, and communication), we showcase the first explicit example of a Translational Science Education (TSE) effort in the coastal redwood ecosystem of Humboldt County, CA. Using iNaturalist, a flexible and free citizen science/crowdsourcing app, we worked with students from grade school through college, and their teachers and community, to generate species lists for comparison among 19 school and non-profit locations spanning a range of urbanization. Importantly, this TSE effort resulted in both learning and data generation, highlighting the ability of a TSE framework to connect and benefit both students and researchers. Our data showed that, regardless of the age of the observers, holding organized BioBlitzes added substantially more species to local biodiversity lists than would have been generated without them. In support of current ecological theory, these data showed an urbanization gradient among sites, with rural sites containing fewer non-native species than urban ones. On the education side, qualitative assessments revealed students and educators remained engaged throughout the project. Future projects would also benefit by establishing quantifiable metrics for assessing student learning from project conception. Throughout the project, the fundamentals of TE were followed with repeated interactions and shared objectives developed over time within trusted community relationships. Such positive human interactions can lead new naturalists to think of themselves as champions of their local biodiversity (i.e., as land stewards). We anticipate that such newly empowered and locally expert naturalists will remain committed to land stewardship in perpetuity and that other scientists and educators are inspired to conduct similar work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433","usgsCitation":"Young, A.M., van Mantgem, E., Garretson, A., Noel, C., and Morelli, T.L., 2022, Translational science education through citizen science: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 9, 800433, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433.","productDescription":"800433, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134950","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.77\n ],\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.7\n ],\n [\n -123.84181204127015,\n 40.7\n ],\n [\n -123.84181204127015,\n 40.77\n ],\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.77\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Allison M.","contributorId":300069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Mantgem, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":300070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Elizabeth F.","affiliations":[{"id":65009,"text":"Sequoia Park Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garretson, Alexis","contributorId":300071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garretson","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noel, Christine","contributorId":300072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noel","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65009,"text":"Sequoia Park Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228764,"text":"70228764 - 2022 - Multimineral petrophysics of thermally immature Eagle Ford Group and Cretaceous mudstones, U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 research wellbore in central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T13:26:34.530633","indexId":"70228764","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-14T07:23:41","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multimineral petrophysics of thermally immature Eagle Ford Group and Cretaceous mudstones, U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 research wellbore in central Texas","docAbstract":"Traditional petrophysical methods to evaluate organic richness and mineralogy using gamma-ray and resistivity log responses are not diagnostic in source rocks. We have developed a deterministic, nonproprietary method to quantify formation variability in total organic carbon (TOC) and three key mudrock mineralogical components of nonhydrocarbon-bearing source rock strata of the Eagle Ford Group by developing a set of log-derived multimineral models calibrated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy core data from the research borehole U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 West Woodway. We determined that bulk density response is a reliable indicator of organic content in these thermally immature, water-bearing source rocks. Multimineral findings indicate that a high degree of laminae-scale mineralogical heterogeneity exists due to thinly interbedded carbonate cements amid clay-rich mudstone layers. The lower part of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average TOC content (4.7 wt%) and the highest average carbonate volume (64.1 vol%), making it the optimal target in thermally mature areas for source-rock potential and hydraulic-fracture placement. In contrast, the uppermost portion of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average volume of clay minerals (42.6 vol%), which increases the potential for wellbore stability issues. Petrophysical characterization reveals that porosity is approximately 30% in this relatively uncompacted formation. In this thermally immature source rock, water saturation is nearly 100% and no free hydrocarbons were observed on the resistivity logs. No evidence of borehole ellipticity was observed on the three-arm caliper log, and horizontal stresses are presumed to be directionally uniform in the vicinity of this near-surface wellbore. This shallow wellbore has a temperature gradient of 1.87°F/100 ft (16.3°C/km) and is likely influenced by earth surface heating.
Long distance, post-release movements of translocated wildlife can be a key factor limiting translocation success. Yet, for many species, we have little or no understanding of factors that influence post-release movements. Translocations have been important for recovering fisher Pekania pennanti populations across the southern portion of their North American range. However, little is known about the post-release movements of translocated fishers and how these movements may be influenced by demographic or translocation-process factors. To restore fishers in Washington State, we moved 90 fishers from central British Columbia and released them at nine sites in the Olympic Fisher Recovery Area on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington from 2008 to 2010. We evaluated post-release movements of 48 fishers to determine both the distance and duration of movements prior to home range establishment. Fishers moved extensively following their release. Multi-model selection indicated a high level of support for the hypothesis that post-release movements differed by fisher sex and age; whereas, year of release had no apparent effect on movements, and release date had only a marginal influence on male movements. Mean distance (± 95% CI) from a release site to a home range was greater for adult males (62.0 ± 19.6 km) than for juvenile males (31.4 ± 16.0 km), adult females (30.9 ± 21.1 km), and juvenile females (29.0 ± 13.5 km). Mean number of days from release until home range establishment was similar for the sexes, however the variance in movement duration was greater for females. Twenty-six of 27 females established home ranges over an 11-month period (December-October), while 19 of 21 males did so within a 4-month period (April-July). Mean home range sizes differed between males (128.3 ± 21.1 km2) and females (63.5 ± 9.0 km2) and were among the largest reported for the species. A greater proportion of females (18 of 27; 67%) than males (8 of 21; 38%) established home ranges within or partially within the recovery area. Six females left a previously established home range during the breeding season, presumably to find breeding males. Given the large distances that fishers can move following release, translocation success could be furthered by releasing individuals at fewer sites in the interior of large reintroduction areas to facilitate greater exposure to a recovery area and greater opportunity to interact with conspecifics and potential mates.
Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have displayed strong potential to improve model state and parameter estimation across several disciplines due to their computational efficiency, scalability, and ability to estimate uncertainty in the dynamic states and the parameters. However, a barrier to adoption of ensemble DA methods remains. Namely, there is currently a lack of available tools that enable efficient and scalable DA in a non-intrusive fashion and that support implementation flexibility. This paper presents an open-source software tool (PESTPP-DA) that implements a range of data assimilation methods—Ensemble Kalman filter, Ensemble Kalman Smoother and Ensemble Smoother—using the widely known PEST model-interface protocols, to interact with any model. Two iterative solutions can be used for nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian assimilation problems. To demonstrate the broad range of PESTPP-DA applications, two synthetic case studies are presented: (1) the Lorenz model and (2) a groundwater pumping test in the presence of a non-Gaussian hydraulic conductivity field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105284","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., White, J., Knowling, M., Hunt, R., and Fienen, M., 2022, A scalable model-independent iterative data assimilation tool for sequential and batch estimation of high dimensional model parameters and states: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 150, 105284, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105284.","productDescription":"105284, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135009","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":248830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","affiliations":[{"id":50032,"text":"GNS New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowling, Matthew 0000-0002-7273-3495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-3495","contributorId":251904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowling","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":16118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":245632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226856,"text":"70226856 - 2022 - Estimating the pelagic ocean’s benefits to humanity can enhance ocean governance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T19:26:46.560037","indexId":"70226856","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-13T06:57:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5220,"text":"Marine Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the pelagic ocean’s benefits to humanity can enhance ocean governance","docAbstract":"The human footprint on the global ocean is ever-increasing, particularly with new ways to grow food in the ocean, new technologies in marine energy production as a way to resolve climate change, and transport and commerce expanding across the ocean. Yet, human activities in the ocean have long been managed using a sectoral approach (e.g., fisheries, biodiversity protection, energy production, shipping) rather than a holistic integration of sector interactions, trade-offs, costs, and benefits. Coordination across sectors is now more critical than ever, not only because of the expanding human footprint but also because of climate change impacts on the ocean. Sustainable global ocean use can support the Blue Economy while also reversing negative climate impacts on the ocean. Advancements in science and technology, along with increasing momentum on global commitments to sound ocean governance, and science diplomacy internationally can support sustainable ocean use with accurate and timely information about the status and trends in the ocean’s ecosystem services (benefits) to society. Near-real time information about ecosystem services’ dynamics is critical to policymaking for a sustainable Blue Economy that works for nature and people in an ever-changing ocean. Here, we propose seven principles for ecosystem service assessments, essentially to international science diplomacy, for consideration by global marine policy communities.
Aeolian processes are fundamental to arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but modeling approaches are poorly developed for assessing impacts of management and environmental change on sediment transport rates over meaningful spatial and temporal scales. For model estimates to provide value, estimates of sediment flux that encapsulate intra- and inter-annual and spatial variability are needed. Further, it is important to quantify and communicate transparent estimates of model uncertainty to users. Here, we present a wind erosion and dust emission model parameterized for rangelands using a Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation framework. Modeled horizontal sediment flux was calibrated using data from five diverse grassland and shrubland sites from the USDA National Wind Erosion Research Network. Observations of wind speed, vegetation height, length of gaps between vegetation, and percent bare ground were used as model inputs. Horizontal sediment flux estimates from 10,000 independently selected parameter sets were compared to flux observations from 44 ∼ month-long collection periods to calculate a likelihood measure for each model. Results show good agreement for individual sampling periods across sites with few observations falling outside prediction bounds and a one-to-one relationship between median predictions and observations. Additionally, combined distributions of sediment flux estimates from all sample periods for a given site closely approximated the probability of observing a given flux at that site. These results suggest AERO effectively represents temporal variability in aeolian transport rates at rangeland sites and provides robust assessments suitable for assessing land health and better predicting changes in air quality and the impacts of land management activities.
Wild birds are common reservoirs of Salmonella enterica. Wild birds carrying resistant S. enterica may pose a risk to public health as they can spread the resistant bacteria across large spatial scales within a short time. Here, we whole-genome sequenced 375 S. enterica strains from wild birds collected in 41 U.S. states during 1978–2019 to examine bacterial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. We found that Typhimurium was the dominant S. enterica serovar, accounting for 68.3% (256/375) of the bird isolates. Furthermore, the proportions of the isolates identified as multi-antimicrobial resistant (multi-AMR: resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes) or multi-heavy metal resistant (multi-HMR: resistant to at least three heavy metals) were both 1.87% (7/375). Interestingly, all the multi-resistant S. enterica (n = 12) were isolated from water birds or raptors; none of them was isolated from songbirds. Plasmid profiling demonstrated that 75% (9/12) of the multi-resistant strains carried resistance plasmids. Our study indicates that wild birds do not serve as important reservoirs of multi-resistant S. enterica strains. Nonetheless, continuous surveillance for bacterial resistance in wild birds is necessary because the multi-resistant isolates identified in this study also showed close genetic relatedness with those from humans and domestic animals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Applied Microbiology","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.15865","usgsCitation":"Fu, Y., M’ikanatha, N., Whitehouse, C., Tate, H., Ottensen, A., Lorch, J., Blehert, D.S., Berlowski-Zier, B.M., and Dudley, E.G., 2022, Low occurrence of multi-antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in Salmonella enterica from wild birds in the United States: Environmental Microbiology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 1380-1394, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15865.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1380","endPage":"1394","ipdsId":"IP-133940","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n 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considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T16:24:14.850984","indexId":"70256721","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-11T11:17:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern reporting methods for angler tag-return studies:Trends in data quality, choice of method, and future considerations","docAbstract":"Angler tag-return studies are a cornerstone of fisheries research, providing insights into individual movements and estimates of exploitation, among many other applications. However, the data generated from these studies is dependent upon effective communication between anglers and scientists. As technological advances are adopted by anglers, little research has been directed at the potential benefits of incorporating modern tag reporting methods. We tagged stream-dwelling black bass Micropterus spp. and provided anglers a choice of reporting methods (telephone, email, iNaturalist app, or a “mixed-mode” combination thereof). Our objectives were to examine the fate of reported fish, quantify trends in data quality across reporting methods, and explore how geographic location and angler avidity may influence use of reporting methods. Ninety-four percent of tag reports involved the release of the fish with the tag still intact, creating opportunities for longer-term data collection. Telephone was the most commonly used reporting method; however, this method had significantly lower completeness scores (e.g., lack of photographs or specifying fate of fish) and less precise location information than other methods. In contrast, iNaturalist had the highest completeness and most precise location information but was seldom used and had increased lag times in reporting. We found no significant differences in the proportion of reporting methods used across stream locations in our study, and avid anglers appeared to be individualistic in their choice of method. Overall, our study suggests that the adoption of modern reporting methods, like email and smartphone apps, could benefit data collection efforts of angler tag-return studies. Fisheries scientists may wish to consider which reporting methods align with their specific study objectives and with the angling public of a given study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10738","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A., Pepper, A., Chapagain, B., Joshi, O., and Long, J.M., 2022, Modern reporting methods for angler tag-return studies:Trends in data quality, choice of method, and future considerations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 1, p. 189-199, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10738.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-131455","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Baron Fork, Caney Creek, Illinois River,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95,\n 36.333\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 35.666\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 35.666\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 36.333\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 36.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, A.T.","contributorId":286995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54572,"text":"University of Central Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepper, A.M.","contributorId":341695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pepper","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54572,"text":"University of Central Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapagain, B.","contributorId":280237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapagain","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joshi, O.","contributorId":280236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joshi","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255290,"text":"70255290 - 2022 - Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T13:59:50.755342","indexId":"70255290","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-11T08:52:14","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace","docAbstract":"Translocation is a management strategy that seeks to address threats to fish and wildlife populations by establishing new populations in ecologically suitable areas. Populations of Finescale Dace Chrosomus neogaeus in the Great Plains may benefit from translocation, as they exhibit a climate relict natural history that has led to a disjunct distribution and minimal dispersal opportunities. We assessed the translocation suitability of sites for Finescale Dace in the Belle Fourche River basin, Wyoming–South Dakota, using a ranking approach for output from multiple analyses. We used multivariate analysis to evaluate dissimilarity in fish occurrence and habitat between sites with and without Finescale Dace in contemporary surveys (2018–2019; n = 68). We further evaluated the capacity for sites to support Finescale Dace under base case and future climate change scenarios using the predicted probability of occurrence (P) from species distribution models (SDMs) fitted with basinwide fish occurrence data from surveys conducted in 2008–2019 (n = 124) and spatially continuous environmental variables, including forecasted stream temperature scenarios. Sites with Finescale Dace tended to occur close to standing waterbodies, contained emergent vegetation cover, and did not exhibit large overlap in species-space with either native or nonnative species. Predicted P of Finescale Dace exhibited nonlinear relationships with mean August stream temperature, channel slope, and base flow index. The amount of suitable habitat (i.e., high predicted P) declined with forecasted stream warming scenarios in the SDMs. This study highlights the utility of using field observations, historical data, and forecasted climate change scenarios to assess translocation site suitability and inform management of at-risk native fish populations, and the results may be transferable to other populations with limited data or restricted distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10348","usgsCitation":"Booher, E.C., and Walters, A.W., 2022, Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 151, no. 2, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10348.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-130982","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Belle Fourche River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.94329248147119\n ],\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.52690501428299\n ],\n [\n -103.23360960816484,\n 44.52690501428299\n ],\n [\n -103.23360960816484,\n 44.94329248147119\n ],\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.94329248147119\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booher, Evan C.J.","contributorId":339350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booher","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.J.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70225584,"text":"70225584 - 2022 - Lognormal distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T15:42:57.40285","indexId":"70225584","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-10T10:42:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lognormal distribution","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_441-1","usgsCitation":"Mateu-Figueras, M.G., and Olea, R., 2022, Lognormal distribution, chap. of Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_441-1.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-132757","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mateu-Figueras, M. Gloria 0000-0002-2477-2764","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-2764","contributorId":267951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mateu-Figueras","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gloria","affiliations":[{"id":55534,"text":"U. Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":224285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227751,"text":"70227751 - 2022 - The MODFLOW Application Programming Interface for simulationcontrol and software interoperability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T14:36:36.187512","indexId":"70227751","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-10T08:34:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7164,"text":"Environmental Modelling & Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The MODFLOW Application Programming Interface for simulationcontrol and software interoperability","docAbstract":"The MODFLOW API allows other programs to control MODFLOW and interactively change variables without having to modify the source code. The MODFLOW API is based on the Basic Model Interface (BMI), which is a set of conventions that define how to initialize a simulation, update the model state by advancing in time, and finalize the run. For many existing MODFLOW coupling applications, the information provided to MODFLOW must be updated multiple times in a time step. As this capability to modify variables within a time step is not defined by the BMI, an extension to BMI was developed. This eXtended Model Interface is part of the MODFLOW API and allows such a tight coupling to other models. Examples are included for a variety of use cases, including new flexibility for users to develop custom packages without modifying the MODFLOW source code and coupling MODFLOW with other models and optimization libraries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105257","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Russcher, M.J., Langevin, C.D., Morway, E.D., and McDonald, R.R., 2022, The MODFLOW Application Programming Interface for simulationcontrol and software interoperability: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 148, 105257, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105257.","productDescription":"105257, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130102","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russcher, Martijn J. 0000-0001-8799-6514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-6514","contributorId":272524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russcher","given":"Martijn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36257,"text":"Deltares","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227659,"text":"70227659 - 2022 - A review of algal toxin exposures on reserved federal lands and among trust species in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-21T16:31:50.809151","indexId":"70227659","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-10T07:03:32","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of algal toxin exposures on reserved federal lands and among trust species in the United States","docAbstract":"Associated health effects from algal toxin exposure are a growing concern for human and animal health. Algal toxin poisonings may occur from contact with or consumption of water supplies or from ingestion of contaminated animals. The U.S. Federal Government owns or holds in trust about 259 million hectares of land, in addition to the Trust species obligations. We completed the first comprehensive review of potential toxin-producing algal blooms in surface waters on Federal lands and Trust species exposed to algal toxins. Events were sorted into three tiers based on potentially toxic algae abundance or toxin concentration and related effects on animal morbidity and mortality. At least 11.1% of Federal lands are known to have been affected by algal events, but exposure is likely underreported. The occurrence of potential toxin producers and their toxins (Tier 1) have been documented 337 times, health advisory threshold exceedances (Tier 2) were reported 943 times, and 86 events involved animal sickness or death linked to cyanobacteria or marine toxins (Tier 3). Trust species exposed to cyano- or algal toxins included marine mammals, migratory birds, threatened and endangered species, and species of concern. We report numerous data gaps ranging from potential effects on human health from consuming intoxicated animals to the infrequency of measuring and reporting certain toxins. Improvements to field and laboratory methods, more consistent evaluation of toxin exposure, decreased latency on data analysis, delivery and interpretation will be necessary to improve response and management strategies for protecting human and animal health where issues persist.
We present an ergodic site response model with regional adjustments for use with subduction zone ground-motion models. The model predicts site amplification of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5% damped pseudo-spectral accelerations of the orientation-independent horizonal component for oscillator periods from 0.01 to 10 s. The model depends on the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30), basin depth, and region and is independent of subduction earthquake type. It has three components: a linear site-amplification term in the form of VS30-scaling, a nonlinear term that depends on VS30 and shaking intensity parameterized by peak ground acceleration at the reference-rock velocity condition of 760 m/s, and a basin sediment-depth term for Japan and Cascadia conditioned on the depth to the 2.5 km/s shear-wave velocity isosurface (Z2.5). A global VS30-scaling model is provided along with regional adjustments for Japan, Taiwan, South America, Alaska, and Cascadia. The nonlinear model is global, with a functional form that has often been used to fit nonlinear responses inferred from simulations, but here we calibrate it empirically. Relative to a prior model for shallow earthquakes in active tectonic regions, our subduction zone global VS30-scaling is comparable at short periods (<1.0 s) but weaker at long periods, while the nonlinear site response is generally less pronounced but extends to lower levels of shaking. Basin depth models are conditioned on the difference of the actual Z2.5 and a VS30-conditioned mean Z2.5. Sites with positive differential depths have increased long-period site responses and decreased short-period responses, with the opposite occurring for negative differential depths.
Palaeoceanographic changes can act as drivers of diversification and speciation, even in highly mobile marine organisms. Shearwaters are a group of globally distributed and highly mobile pelagic seabirds. Despite a recent well-resolved phylogeny, shearwaters have controversial species limits, and show periods of both slow and rapid diversification. Here, we explore the role of palaeoceanographic changes on shearwaters' diversification and speciation. We investigate shearwater biogeography and the evolution of a key phenotypic trait, body size, and we assess the validity of their current taxonomy.
Worldwide.
Shearwaters (Order Procellariiformes, Family Procellariidae, Genera Ardenna, Calonectris and Puffinus).
We generated genomic (ddRAD) data to infer a time-calibrated species tree for the shearwaters. We estimated ancestral ranges and evaluated the roles of founder events, vicariance and surface ocean currents in driving diversification. We performed phylogenetic generalised least squares to identify potential predictors of variability in body size along the phylogeny. To assess the validity of the current taxonomy, we analysed genomic patterns of recent shared ancestry and differentiation among shearwater taxa.
We identified a period of high dispersal and rapid speciation during the Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene. Species dispersal appears to be favoured by surface ocean currents, and founder events are supported as the main mode of speciation in these highly mobile pelagic seabirds. Body mass shows significant associations with life strategies and local conditions. The current taxonomy shows some incongruences with the patterns of genomic divergence.
A reduction of neritic areas during the Pliocene seems to have driven global extinctions of shearwater species, followed by a subsequent burst of speciation and dispersal probably promoted by Plio-Pleistocene climatic shifts. Our findings extend our understanding on the drivers of speciation and dispersal of highly mobile pelagic seabirds and shed new light on the important role of palaeoceanographic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14291","usgsCitation":"Ferrer-Obiol, J., James, H.F., Chesser, R., Bretagnolle, V., Gonzalez-Solis, J., Rozas, J., Welch, A., and Riutort, M., 2022, Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds: Journal of Biogeography, v. 49, no. 1, p. 171-188, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14291.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-123733","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14291","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer-Obiol, Joan","contributorId":279594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrer-Obiol","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50463,"text":"Univ. of Barcelona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Helen F.","contributorId":54414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bretagnolle, Vincent","contributorId":213757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bretagnolle","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38848,"text":"CNRS & Université de La Rochelle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob 0000-0002-8691-9397","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-9397","contributorId":252896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Solis","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50463,"text":"Univ. of Barcelona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rozas, Julio","contributorId":252897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rozas","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50463,"text":"Univ. of Barcelona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Welch, Andreanna J.","contributorId":79313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Andreanna J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riutort, Marta","contributorId":252898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riutort","given":"Marta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50463,"text":"Univ. of Barcelona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70227285,"text":"70227285 - 2022 - Towards a holistic sulfate-water-O2 triple oxygen isotope systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T14:45:52.074811","indexId":"70227285","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-08T08:44:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Towards a holistic sulfate-water-O2 triple oxygen isotope systematics","title":"Towards a holistic sulfate-water-O2 triple oxygen isotope systematics","docAbstract":"Triple oxygen isotope (∆17O with δ18O) signals of H2O and O2 found in sulfate of oxidative weathering origin offer promising constraints on modern and ancient weathering, hydrology, atmospheric gas concentrations, and bioproductivity. However, interpretations of the sulfate-water-O2 system rely on assuming fixed oxygen-isotope fractionations between sulfate and water, which, contrastingly, are shown to vary widely in sign and amplitude. Instead, here we anchor sulfate-water-O2 triple oxygen isotope systematics on the homogeneous composition of atmospheric O2 with empirical constraints and modeling. Our resulting framework does not require a priori assumptions of the O2- versus H2O‑oxygen ratio in sulfate and accounts for the signals of mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionation in the ∆17O and δ18O of sulfate's O2‑oxygen source. Within this framework, new ∆17O measurements of sulfate constrain ~2.3 Ga Paleoproterozoic gross primary productivity to between 6 and 160 times present-day levels, with important implications for the biological carbon cycle response to high CO2 concentrations prevalent on the early Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120678","usgsCitation":"Killingsworth, B.A., Cartigny, P., Hayles, J.A., Thomazo, C., Sansjofre, P., Pasquier, V., Lalonde, S.V., and Philippot, P., 2022, Towards a holistic sulfate-water-O2 triple oxygen isotope systematics: Chemical Geology, v. 588, 120678, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120678.","productDescription":"120678, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130808","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"588","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Killingsworth, Bryan Alan 0000-0001-6067-8604","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-8604","contributorId":270978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killingsworth","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartigny, Pierre","contributorId":270979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cartigny","given":"Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56238,"text":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, UMR 7154, CNRS-Université Paris Diderot","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayles, Justin A.","contributorId":270977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayles","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56237,"text":"Jacobs-JETS, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomazo, Christophe","contributorId":270980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomazo","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56239,"text":"UMR CNRS/uB 6282 Laboratoire Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté and Institut Universitaire de France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sansjofre, Pierre","contributorId":270981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sansjofre","given":"Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56240,"text":"CNRS-UMR6538 Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, European Institute for Marine Studies, Université de Bretagne Occidentale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pasquier, Virgil","contributorId":270982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasquier","given":"Virgil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56241,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lalonde, Stefan V.","contributorId":196839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lalonde","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Philippot, Pascal","contributorId":270983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philippot","given":"Pascal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56242,"text":"Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS-UMR 5243, Université de Montpellier and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, UMR 7154, CNRS-Université Paris Diderot","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70226846,"text":"70226846 - 2022 - What determines the effectiveness of Pinyon-Juniper clearing treatments? Evidence from the remote sensing archive and counter-factual scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T12:43:50.648799","indexId":"70226846","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-08T06:41:19","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What determines the effectiveness of Pinyon-Juniper clearing treatments? Evidence from the remote sensing archive and counter-factual scenarios","docAbstract":"In the intermountain western US, expansion of Pinyon (Pinus edulis) and Juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands (PJ) into grasslands and shrublands is a pervasive phenomenon, and an example of the global trend towards enhanced woody growth in drylands. Due to the perceived impacts of these expansions on ecosystem services related to biodiversity, hydrology, soil stability, fire prevention, and livestock forage, mechanical and chemical PJ reduction treatments have been a long-standing practice in the region. More recently, PJ reduction practices have come under enhanced public scrutiny, due to potential impacts on PJ-dependent wildlife, risk of erosion due to soil disturbance, and cost effectiveness due to variable rates of long-term success. Moreover, there is growing interest in understanding the biotic, abiotic, and management conditions under which PJ reduction treatments are effective. Here, we evaluated PJ reduction treatment outcomes leveraging large, curated databases of land treatments, new remotely sensed fractional cover time-series products, gridded climate and soils data, and analytical approaches adopted from the econometric literature. From 302 treatment events and 1569 distinct treatment polygons we found evidence that treatments reduced tree cover and largely increased shrub and perennial herbaceous cover for 10 or more years. However, treatments were also associated with increases in annual, likely non-native, herbaceous cover. Importantly, we noted treatment outcomes varied by landscape context, with some soil and geomorphic settings exhibiting consistent returns to pre-treatment conditions within 10–15 years, and others exhibiting more persistent changes in functional type composition. Despite the overall trends we observed, there was considerable unexplained variability in outcomes from treatment to treatment, highlighting the need for caution and attention to local geomorphic and biological context in planning future treatments.
We present a new catalog of calibrated earthquake relocations from the 2019–2020 Puerto Rico earthquake sequence related to the 7 January 2020 Mw 6.4 earthquake that occurred offshore of southwest Puerto Rico at a depth of 15.9 km. Utilizing these relocated earthquakes and associated moment tensor solutions, we can delineate several distinct fault systems that were activated during the sequence and show that the Mw 6.4 mainshock may have resulted from positive changes in Coulomb stress from earlier events. Seismicity and mechanisms define (1) a west–southwest (∼260°) zone of seismicity comprised of largely sinistral strike‐slip and oblique‐slip earthquakes that mostly occurs later in the sequence and to the west of the mainshock, (2) an area of extensional faulting that includes the mainshock and occurs largely within the mainshock’s rupture area, and (3) an north–northeast (∼30°)‐striking zone of seismicity, consisting primarily of dextral strike‐slip events that occurs before and following the mainshock and generally above (shallower than) the normal‐faulting events. These linear features intersect within the Mw 6.4 mainshock’s fault plane in southwest Puerto Rico. In addition, we show that earthquake relocations for M 4+ normal‐faulting events, when traced along their fault planes, daylight along east–west‐trending bathymetric features offshore of southwest Puerto Rico. Correlation of these normal‐faulting events with bathymetric features suggests an active fault system that may be a contributor to previously uncharacterized seismic hazards in southwest Puerto Rico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220210238","usgsCitation":"Cromwell, C., Furlong, K., Bergman, E., Benz, H.M., Yeck, W.L., and Herman, M., 2022, Seismotectonic analysis of the 2019–2020 Puerto Rico sequence: The value of absolute earthquake relocations in improved interpretations of active tectonics: Seismological Research Letters, v. 93, no. 2A, p. 544-554, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210238.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"554","ipdsId":"IP-134220","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/bcab2da9-cc04-48f1-bb6e-1718e56f4b31","text":"External Repository"},{"id":392671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herman, M.","contributorId":269946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":56050,"text":"California State University-Bakersfield","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70227170,"text":"70227170 - 2022 - Quantifying the influence of different biocrust community states and their responses to warming temperatures on soil biogeochemistry in field and mesocosm studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T16:58:16.370099","indexId":"70227170","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-07T10:47:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the influence of different biocrust community states and their responses to warming temperatures on soil biogeochemistry in field and mesocosm studies","docAbstract":"Biocrusts influence soil biogeochemistry by fixing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and through leachate inputs to soils. Functional rates can vary among biocrust community states and in response to edaphic properties, heterotrophic microbial activity, and global change. Using soils and biocrusts from the Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA, we aimed to quantify the influence of early-successional (ES) and late-successional (LS) biocrust community states on soil biogeochemistry. In a field setting, we found soil was less “fertile” under ES than LS biocrust, but ES biocrust had a relative influence 1.3 times greater than LS biocrust on soil fertility. Leachate collected from LS biocrust had, on average, 6 times more organic C and 1.7 times more dissolved N than ES biocrust, but concentrations of phosphorus (P) and inorganic N did not differ among the two biocrust types. To disentangle influences of biocrusts and soil properties on biogeochemical pools, we constructed mesocosms from homogenized soil and left the surface bare or covered with ES or LS biocrust, before assignment to ambient or warmed (+5 °C) temperature treatments for 3 months. Multivariate biogeochemical properties differed among cover types, yet all exhibited losses of P, N, and organic C and nearly half of the biogeochemical variables considered did not differ among cover types. Mesocosms with LS biocrust retained more dissolved N, supported 8 additional, significant correlations among biogeochemical pools of the biocrust and mineral soil layer on average, and lost fewer of these correlations under warming. Overall, while soils under LS biocrusts were more fertile (i.e., had higher nutrient concentrations) than under ES, we did not find evidence implicating leachate as the primary driver of this difference. Biocrust influences on soil fertility were greater when mineral soil nutrients were in lower concentrations, highlighting the value of even incipient biocrusts for dryland functioning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115633","usgsCitation":"Ferrrenberg, S., Tucker, C.L., Reibold, R.H., Howell, A.J., and Reed, S., 2022, Quantifying the influence of different biocrust community states and their responses to warming temperatures on soil biogeochemistry in field and mesocosm studies: Geoderma, v. 409, 115633, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115633.","productDescription":"115633, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133236","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1977162","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.764404296875,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 37.34395908944491\n ],\n [\n -109.764404296875,\n 37.34395908944491\n ],\n [\n -109.764404296875,\n 36.4433803110554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrrenberg, Scott","contributorId":270736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56204,"text":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Colin L","contributorId":270737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":56205,"text":"U.S. National Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI 49931","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reibold, Robin H. 0000-0002-3323-487X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-487X","contributorId":207499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reibold","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, Armin J. 0000-0003-1243-0238 ahowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0238","contributorId":196798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Armin","email":"ahowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228218,"text":"70228218 - 2022 - Empirically validated drought vulnerability mapping in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T16:51:31.185083","indexId":"70228218","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-07T09:33:20","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirically validated drought vulnerability mapping in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"Severe droughts are predicted to become more frequent in the future, and the consequences of such droughts on forests can be dramatic, resulting in massive tree mortality, rapid change in forest structure and composition, and substantially increased risk of catastrophic fire. Forest managers have tools at their disposal to try to mitigate these effects but are often faced with limited resources, forcing them to make choices about which parts of the landscape to target for treatment. Such planning can greatly benefit from landscape vulnerability assessments, but many existing vulnerability analyses are unvalidated and not grounded in robust empirical datasets. We combined robust sets of ground-based plot and remote sensing data, collected during the 2012–2016 California drought, to develop rigorously validated tools for assessing forest vulnerability to drought-related canopy tree mortality for the mixed conifer forests of the Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks and potentially for mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada as a whole. Validation was carried out using a large external dataset. The best models included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, and species identity. Models indicated that tree survival probability decreased with greenness (as measured by NDVI) and elevation, particularly if trees were growing slowly. Overall, models showed good calibration and validation, especially for Abies concolor, which comprise a large majority of the trees in many mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Our models tended to overestimate mortality risk for Calocedrus decurrens and underestimate risk for pine species, in the latter case probably due to pine bark beetle outbreak dynamics. Validation results indicated dangers of overfitting, as well as showing that the inclusion of trees already under attack by bark beetles at the time of sampling can give false confidence in model strength, while also biasing predictions. These vulnerability tools should be useful to forest managers trying to assess which parts of their landscape were vulnerable during the 2012–2016 drought, and, with additional validation, may prove useful for ongoing assessments and predictions of future forest vulnerability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2514","usgsCitation":"Das, A., Slaton, M.R., Mallory, J., Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., and Hardwick, P., 2022, Empirically validated drought vulnerability mapping in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada: Ecological Applications, v. 32, no. 2, e2514, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2514.","productDescription":"e2514, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131799","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P6JKJW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Calibration and Validation Data and Model Coefficients for Mixed Conifer Vulnerability Project from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park 2015 to 2019"},{"id":395619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":201236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slaton, Michele R","contributorId":274868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaton","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallory, Jeffrey","contributorId":274869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallory","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Roberta E.","contributorId":201234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Roberta","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hardwick, Paul","contributorId":261559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardwick","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226860,"text":"70226860 - 2022 - Complex demographic responses to contrasting climate drivers lead to divergent population trends across the range of a threatened alpine plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T12:53:03.866205","indexId":"70226860","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-07T06:51:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex demographic responses to contrasting climate drivers lead to divergent population trends across the range of a threatened alpine plant","docAbstract":"Alpine plants are likely to be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their restricted distributions and sensitivity to rapid environmental shifts occurring in high-elevation ecosystems. The well-studied Haleakalā silversword (‘āhinahina, Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum) already exhibits substantial climate-associated population decline, and offers the opportunity to understand the ecological and demographic mechanisms that underlie ongoing and predicted range shifts. We use nearly four decades of demographic monitoring for this threatened Hawaiian species, in combination with other biological, ecological and climate data to explore demographic responses across its entire range. We construct and independently validate population models for two elevation zones representing the species’ lower trailing and higher stable regions. Differences in population growth rate (lambda) between trailing and stable regions were influenced most strongly by lower survival of juvenile and small adult size classes, as well as by lower recruitment and lower survival of seedlings and large adults in the trailing region. Furthermore, seed production appears to have decreased from the 1980’s to present in the trailing region, and is now significantly less than in the stable region. Lambda and several underlying vital rates were significantly associated with wetter dry season conditions in the lower trailing region, indicating water limitation. In the higher elevation stable region, in contrast, lambda and vital rates were associated with warmer air temperatures, indicating cold limitation. These contrasting demographic patterns and climate dependencies lead to a high probability of extinction over the next century in the lower region, where most plants occur, but zero probability of the same in the higher region, according to stochastic population projections. Drier future scenarios further increase the probability of extinction at low elevations. The combined results illustrate the complexity in the demographic response and future viability that can occur across the range of a single species.