Stable isotopic ratios of C and H in dissolved CH4 and C in dissolved inorganic C in the ground water of a crude-oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, support the concept of CH4production by acetate fermentation with a contemporaneous increase in HCO3−concentration. Methane concentrations in the saturated zone decrease from 20.6 mg L−1 to less than 0.001 mg L−1 along the investigated flow path. Dissolved N2 and Ar concentrations in the ground water below the oil plume are 25 times lower than background; this suggests that gas exsolution is removing dissolved CH4 (along with other dissolved gases) from the ground water. Oxidation of dissolved CH4 along the flow path seems to be minimal because no measurable change in isotopic composition of CH4 occurs with distance from the oil body. However, CH4 is partly oxidized to CO2 as it diffuses upward from the ground water through a 5- to 7-m thick unsaturated zone; theδ13C of the remaining CH4 increases, theδ13C of the CO2 decreases, and the partial pressure of CO2 increases.
Calculations of C fluxes in the saturated and unsaturated zones originating from the degradation of the oil plume lead to a minimum estimated life expectancy of 110 years. This is a minimum estimate because the degradation of the oil body should slow down with time as its more volatile and reactive components are leached out and preferentially oxidized. The calculated life expectancy is an order of magnitude estimate because of the uncertainty in the average linear ground-water velocities and because of the factor of 2 uncertainty in the calculation of the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Coplen, T.B., Baedecker, M.J., and Glynn, P.D., 1995, Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 505-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"505","endPage":"516","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.34952381511167\n ],\n [\n -94.62455749511719,\n 47.34952381511167\n ],\n [\n -94.62455749511719,\n 47.5996813120644\n ],\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.5996813120644\n ],\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.34952381511167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary J.","contributorId":189605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18902,"text":"ofr94357 - 1995 - Geohydrologic framework, historical development of the ground-water system, and general hydrologic and water-quality conditions in 1990, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr94357","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-357","title":"Geohydrologic framework, historical development of the ground-water system, and general hydrologic and water-quality conditions in 1990, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94357","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., and Leighton, D.A., 1995, Geohydrologic framework, historical development of the ground-water system, and general hydrologic and water-quality conditions in 1990, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-357, vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94357.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0357/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0357/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leighton, David A.","contributorId":95493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20772,"text":"ofr94317 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr94317","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-317","title":"Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water year 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94317","usgsCitation":"Savard, C.S., 1995, Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-317, iv, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94317.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savard, Charles S. cssavard@usgs.gov","contributorId":3538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"Charles","email":"cssavard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26391,"text":"wri874136 - 1995 - A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T21:24:50.516375","indexId":"wri874136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4136","title":"A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were evaluated from four areas of western Pennsylvania to estimate the minimum depth of well surface casing needed to prevent contamination of most of the fresh gr6unct-water resources by oil and gas wells. The areas are representative of the different types of oil and gas activities and of the ground-water hydrology of most sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province in western Pennsylvania. Approximate delineation of the base of the fresh ground-water system was attempted by interpreting the following hydrologic data: (1) reports of freshwater and saltwater in oil and gas well-completion reports; (2) water well-completion reports, (3) geophysical logs; and (4) chemical analyses of well water.
Because of the poor quality and scarcity of ground-water data, the altitude of the base of the fresh ground-water system in the four study areas cannot be accurately delineated. Consequently, minimum surface-casing depths for oil and gas wells cannot be estimated with confidence. Conscientious and reliable reporting of freshwater and saltwater during drilling of oil and gas wells would expand the existing data base. Reporting of field specific conductance of ground water would greatly enhance the value of the reports of ground water in oil and gas well-completion records.
Water-bearing zones in bedrock are controlled mostly by the presence of secondary openings. The vertical and horizontal discontinuity of secondary openings may be responsible, in part, for large differences in altitudes of freshwater zones noted on completion records of adjacent oil and gas wells. In upland and hilltop topographies, maximum depths of fresh ground water are reported from several hundred feet below land surface to slightly more than 1,000 feet, but the few deep reports are not substantiated by results of laboratory analyses of dissolved-solids concentrations.
Past and present drillers for shallow oil and gas wells commonly install surface casing to below the base of readily observed fresh ground water. Casing depths are selected generally to maximize drilling efficiency and to stop freshwater from entering the well and subsequently interfering with hydrocarbon recovery . The depths of surface casing generally are not selected with ground-water protection in mind. However, on the basis of existing hydrologic data, most freshwater aquifers generally are protected with current casing depths. Minimum surface-casing depths for deep gas wells are prescribed by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources regulations and appear to be adequate to prevent ground-water contamination, in most respects, for the only study area with deep gas fields examined in Crawford County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874136","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., and Squillace, P.J., 1995, A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4136, Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874136.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_87_4136.bmp"},{"id":55185,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/pdf/wri874136.pdf"},{"id":394118,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46800.htm","text":"Geneva quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465907,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46801.htm","text":"Hazen & Reynoldsville quadrangles","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465908,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46802.htm","text":"Pittsburgh East quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465909,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46803.htm","text":"Warren quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -80.1167,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -80.1167,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, T. F.","contributorId":58671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185321,"text":"70185321 - 1995 - Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:12:15","indexId":"70185321","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland","docAbstract":"The history and fate of groundwater nitrate (NO3−) contamination were compared in 2 small adjacent agricultural watersheds in the Atlantic coastal plain by combined use of chronologic (CCl2F2, 3H), chemical (dissolved solids, gases), and isotopic (δ15N,δ13C, δ34S) analyses of recharging groundwaters, discharging groundwaters, and surface waters. The results demonstrate the interactive effects of changing agricultural practices, groundwater residence times, and local geologic features on the transfer of NO3− through local flow systems. Recharge dates of groundwaters taken in 1990–1992 from the surficial aquifer in the Chesterville Branch and Morgan Creek watersheds near Locust Grove, Maryland, ranged from pre-1940 to the late 1980’s. When corrected for localized denitrification by use of dissolved gas concentrations, the dated waters provide a 40-year record of the recharge rate of NO3−, which increased in both watersheds by a factor of 3–6, most rapidly in the 1970's. The increase in groundwater NO3− over time was approximately proportional to the documented increase in regional N fertilizer use, and could be accounted for by oxidation and leaching of about 20–35% of the fertilizer N. Groundwaters discharging upward beneath streams in both watersheds had measured recharge dates from pre-1940 to 1975, while chemical data for second-order reaches of the streams indicated average groundwater residence times in the order of 20+ years. At the time of the study, NO3− discharge rates were less than NO3− recharge rates for at least two reasons: (1) discharge of relatively old waters with low initial NO3− concentrations, and (2) local denitrification. In the Chesterville Branch watershed, groundwaters remained oxic throughout much of the surficial aquifer and discharged relatively unaltered to the stream, which had a relatively high NO3−concentration (9–10 mg/L as N). In the Morgan Creek watershed, groundwaters were largely reduced and denitrified before discharging to the stream, which had a relatively low NO3−concentration (2–3 mg/L as N). Chemical and isotopic data indicate that quantitative denitrification occurred within buried calcareous glauconitic marine sediments that are present at relatively shallow depths beneath the Morgan Creek watershed. NO3− removal by forests, wetlands, and shallow organic-rich soils in near-stream environments was largely avoided by groundwaters that followed relatively deep flow paths before converging and discharging rapidly upward to the streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01584","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Denver, J.M., 1995, Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2319-2339, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01584.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"2319","endPage":"2339","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Locust Grove watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -76.1517333984375,\n 39.44043541908485\n ],\n [\n -76.2506103515625,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 39.13432124527173\n ],\n [\n -75.7781982421875,\n 39.46588451142044\n ],\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185314,"text":"70185314 - 1995 - Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:05:19","indexId":"70185314","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","title":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","docAbstract":"This paper addresses the problem of 14C age dating of groundwaters in a confined regional aquifer affected by methanogenesis. Increasing CH4 concentrations along the groundwater flow system and 13C and 14C isotopic data for dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and CH4 clearly show the effect of methanogenesis on groundwater chemistry. Inverse reaction path modeling using NETPATH indicates the predominant geochemical reactions controlling the chemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer are incongruent dissolution of dolomite, ion exchange, methanogenesis, and oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Modeling of groundwater 14C ages using NETPATH indicates that a significant part of groundwater in the Alliston aquifer is less than 13,000 years old; however, older groundwater in the range of 15,000–23,000 years is also present in the aquifer. This paper demonstrates that 14C ages calculated using NETPATH, incorporating the effects of methanogenesis on the carbon pools, provide reasonable groundwater ages that were not possible by other isotopic methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01271","usgsCitation":"Aravena, R., Wassenaar, L.I., and Plummer, N., 1995, Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2307-2317, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01271.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2307","endPage":"2317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f6739b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6841,"text":"fs13895 - 1995 - The Mirror Lake fractured-rock research site: A multidisciplinary research effort in characterizing ground-water flow and chemical transport in fractured rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:31:20","indexId":"fs13895","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"138-95","title":"The Mirror Lake fractured-rock research site: A multidisciplinary research effort in characterizing ground-water flow and chemical transport in fractured rock","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13895","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Hsieh, P.A., and Winter, T.C., 1995, The Mirror Lake fractured-rock research site: A multidisciplinary research effort in characterizing ground-water flow and chemical transport in fractured rock: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 138-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13895.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.90689086914062,\n 43.90185050527358\n ],\n [\n -71.18179321289062,\n 43.90185050527358\n ],\n [\n -71.18179321289062,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -71.90689086914062,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -71.90689086914062,\n 43.90185050527358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20294,"text":"ofr95111 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for the Mesilla ground-water basin, 1987 through 1992 water years, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T17:17:14.381788","indexId":"ofr95111","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-111","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the Mesilla ground-water basin, 1987 through 1992 water years, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas","docAbstract":"The Mesilla ground-water basin monitoring program was established in 1987 to document hydrologic conditions and establish a long-term, continuous data base to permit future quantitative evaluation of the ground-water flow system and stream/aquifer relations. Data collection is divided into three program elements. These are the (1) Mesilla ground- water basin observation-well program; (2) Mesilla Valley hydrologic sections; and (3) Rio Grande seepage investigations. This report is a compilation of hydrologic data collected for the Mesilla ground- water basin monitoring program during the 1987 through 1992 water years. Hydrologic data presented in the report include well records and water levels for 181 wells; mean daily river stage and ground- water levels at 37 sites; seepage investigations of the Rio Grande from Radium Springs, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas; and chemical analyses of 29 water samples collected from the Rio Grande.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95111","usgsCitation":"Nickerson, E.L., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for the Mesilla ground-water basin, 1987 through 1992 water years, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-111, x, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95111.","productDescription":"x, 123 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0111/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18399.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","county":"Doña Ana County, El Paso County","otherGeospatial":"Mesilla ground-water basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.92169189453125,\n 31.76904009837115\n ],\n [\n -106.48223876953125,\n 31.76904009837115\n ],\n [\n -106.48223876953125,\n 32.44604389085962\n ],\n [\n -106.92169189453125,\n 32.44604389085962\n ],\n [\n -106.92169189453125,\n 31.76904009837115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8b2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nickerson, Edward L.","contributorId":45335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickerson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21019,"text":"ofr95101 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:45:24","indexId":"ofr95101","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-101","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","docAbstract":"This report contains selected hydrologic data collected in Juab Valley, Utah, from 1935 to 1994. The study area is in eastern Juab County in central Utah. The area is bounded on the east by the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains and on the west by Long Ridge and West Hills. A ground-water divide exists south of Levan Ridge, a topographic divide that separates the valley into northern and southern parts. The area is in the Basin and Range Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931) and includes about 171 square miles of basin-fill deposits (pl. 1).
Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Bjorklund (1967) and Bjorklund and Robinson (1968). Some well-location names have been changed from those published previously because new larger-scale maps allow location to be plotted more accurately. The changes are footnoted in the tables.
The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the water resources of the area and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Selected well, spring, surface-water, and rock-sample data are reported in tables 1 to 10. Selected data, including well depth and water level, are reported for 283 wells, and results of chemical analyses are reported for samples from 74 wells, 15 springs, and 7 surface-water sites. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic data sites is shown in figure 1. Locations of the hydrologic-data sites and the rock-sample site are shown on plate 1. Discharge-measurement sites on Salt Creek, on selected canals, and in the West Creek area are shown in figure 2.
These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities that permitted access to their wells, springs, and property.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-101, Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95101.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in","numberOfPages":"89","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19374,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50593,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5618,"text":"fs13495 - 1995 - South Florida Ecosystem Program of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T16:33:23.531301","indexId":"fs13495","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134-95","displayTitle":"South Florida Ecosystem Program of the U.S. Geological Survey","title":"South Florida Ecosystem Program of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The South Florida Ecosystem Program is one of several study areas within the USGS Ecosystem Program. The Ecosystem Program was established to enable the USGS to enhance its scientific assistance to resource managers who require an improved scientific information base to resolve or prevent complex resource conflicts or environmental problems in specific ecosystem sites. Through 3-5-year efforts in each ecosystem site, USGS intensifies its provision of scientific information tailored to the specific management needs of that ecosystem. The information is designed to have a direct, significant, and immediate impact on management and policy decisions. It addresses regional or subregional issues that involve environmental resources such as water, minerals, and land. The sites may have as their focus such issues as water quality or water supply, environmental effects of mineral or energy use or extraction, effects of alterations in land use or land cover.
Initially, the Ecosystem Program focussed on two ecosystems: San Francisco Bay and south Florida. Chesapeake Bay was added in FY 1996. Activities in each site last from three to five years, and additional ecosystem sites will be added as funding becomes available.
The program is multidisciplinary and brings together scientists from appropriate disciplines to apply their diverse expertise to common problems. Disciplines in the present suite of ecosystems include land characterization, surface modeling, geospatial database management, ground- and surface-water hydrology, geophysics, ecology, geochemistry, paleontology, hydrologic modeling, and contaminant, sediment, and nutrient dynamics.
The South Florida Ecosystem Program is an intergovernmental effort to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decisionmaking. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides scientific information as part of the USGS South Florida Ecosystem Program. The Program, which was begun in fiscal year 1995, provides multidisciplinary hydrologic, cartographic, and geologic data that relates to the mainland of south Florida, the Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems. The Program complements ongoing USGS work, such as the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, the Federal-State Cooperative Program, Marine and Coastal Geology Program and Regional Geology Program, and topographic mapping and digital cartography.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13495","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., Higer, A.L., Gerould, S., and Kantrowitz, I.H., 1995, South Florida Ecosystem Program of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 134-95, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13495.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32122,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0134/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995-134"},{"id":121276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 24.37712083961039\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 24.37712083961039\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 26.735799020431674\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 26.735799020431674\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 24.37712083961039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
This report describes a three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque Basin, which comprises the Santa Fe Group (late Oligocene to middle Pleistocene age) and overlying valley and basin-fill deposits (Pleistocene to Holocene age). The model is designed to be flexible and adaptive to new geologic and hydrologic information as it becomes available, by using a geographic information system as a data-base manager to interface with the model. The aquifer system was defined and quantified in the model consistent with the current (July 1994) understanding of the structural and geohydrologic framework of the basin. Rather than putting the model through a rigorous calibration process, discrepancies between simulated and measured responses in hydraulic head were taken to indicate that the understanding of a local part of the aquifer system was incomplete or incorrect.
The model simulates ground-water flow over an area of about 2,400 square miles to a depth of 1,730 to about 2,020 feet below the water table with 244 rows, 178 columns, and 11 layers. Of the 477,752 cells in the model, 310,376 are active. The top four model layers approximate the 80- foot thickness of alluvium in the incised and refilled valley of the Rio Grande to provide detail of the effect of ground-water withdrawals on the surface-water system. Away from the valley, these four layers represent the interval within the Santa Fe Group aquifer system between the computed predevelopment water table and a level 80 feet below the grade of the Rio Grande. The simulations include initial conditions (steady-state), the 1901-1994 historical period, and four possible ground-water withdrawal scenarios from 1994 to 2020.
The model indicates that for the year ending in March 1994, net surface-water loss in the basin resulting from the City of Albuquerque's ground-water withdrawal totaled about 53,000 acre-feet. The balance of the about 123,000 acre-feet of withdrawal came from aquifer storage depletion (about 67,800 acre-feet) and captured or salvaged evapotranspiration (about 2,500 acrefeet).
In the four scenarios projected from 1994 to 2020, City of Albuquerque annual withdrawals ranged from about 98,700 to about 177,000 acre-feet by the year 2020. The range of resulting surface-water loss was from about 62,000 to about 77,000 acre-feet. The range of aquifer storage depletion was from about 33,400 to about 95,900 acre-feet. Captured evapotranspiration and drain-return flow remained nearly constant for all scenarios. From 1994 to 2020, maximum projected declines in hydraulic head in the primary water-production zone of the aquifer (model layer 9) for the four scenarios ranged from 55 to 164 feet east of the Rio Grande and from 91 to 258 feet west of the river. Average declines in a 383.7-square-mile area around Albuquerque ranged from 28 to 65 feet in the production zone for the same period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944251","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., McAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4251, Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944251.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6686,"text":"fs13795 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Allegheny-Monongahela River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:41:19","indexId":"fs13795","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137-95","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Allegheny-Monongahela River Basin","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The three major objectives of the NAWQA program are to provide a consistent description of current water-quality conditions for a large part of the Nation's water resources, define long-term trends in water quality, and identify, describe, and explain the major factors that affect water-quality conditions and trends. The program produces water-quality information that is useful to policy makers and managers at the National, State, and local levels.
The program will be implemented through 60 separate investigations of river basins and aquifer systems called study units. These study-unit investigations will be conducted at the State and local level and will form the foundation on which national- and regional-level assessments are based. The 60 study units are hydrologic systems that include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems. The study-unit areas range from 1,000 to more than 60,000 square miles and include about 60 to 70 percent of the Nation's water use and population served by public water supplies. Twenty studyunit investigations were started in 1991, 20 started in 1994, and 20 more are planned to start in 1997. The Allegheny-Monongahela River Basin was selected to begin assessment activities as a NAWQA study unit in 1994. The study team will work from the office of the USGS in Pittsburgh, Pa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13795","usgsCitation":"McAuley, S.D., 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Allegheny-Monongahela River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 137-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13795.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34087,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0137/fs19950137.pdf","text":"Report","size":"99.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0137/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Meteorological data were collected during 1992-94 at the Port of Redwood City, California, to support hydrologic studies in southern San Francisco Bay. The meteorological variables that were measured were air temperature, atmospheric pressure, quantum flux (insolation), and four parameters of wind speed and direction: scalar mean horizontal wind speed, (vector) resultant horizontal wind speed, resultant wind direction, and standard deviation of the wind direction. Hourly mean values based on measurements at five-minute intervals were logged at the site, then transferred to a portable computer monthly. Daily mean values were computed for temperature, insolation, pressure, and scalar wind speed. Hourly- mean and daily-mean values are presented in time- series plots and daily variability and seasonal and annual cycles are described. All data are provided in ASCII files on an IBM-formatted disk. Observations of temperature and wind speed at the Port of Redwood City were compared with measurements made at the San Francisco International Airport. Most daily mean values for temperature agreed within one- to two-tenths of a degree Celsius between the two locations. Daily mean wind speeds at the Port of Redwood City were typically half the values at the San Francisco International Airport. During summers, the differences resulted from stronger wind speeds at the San Francisco International Airport occurring over longer periods of each day. A comparison of hourly wind speeds at the Palo Alto Municipal Airport with those at the Port of Redwood City showed that values were similar in magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95327","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., 1995, Supporting data for hydrologic studies in San Francisco Bay, California: Meteorological measurements at the Port of Redwood City during 1992-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-327, Report: iv, 34 p.; Application Site, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95327.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277695,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0327/application.zip"},{"id":50339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0327/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19665,"text":"ofr95106 - 1995 - Hydrologic data for the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri, 1988-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr95106","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-106","title":"Hydrologic data for the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri, 1988-93","docAbstract":"Background hydrologic data were collected from 1988 to 1993 in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest. Water-quality data collected from area streams, springs, and wells were analyzed using trilinear diagrams, stiff diagrams, boxplots, and summary statistics. The water is a calcium- magnesium-bicarbonate type. Streams generally have slightly larger potassium, barium, and total organic carbon concentrations than spring or well water. Well water has larger bicarbonate and zinc concen- trations and larger variability in sodium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations than stream and spring water samples. The bulk mineralogy for streambed material is primarily coarse grain quartz. Quantitative elemental (chemistry) analysis on the less than 63 micrometer fraction of bulk material was performed. The heavy mineral concentrate in the streambed material was analyzed using semi- quantitative optical mineralogy and 37-element semi- quantitative emission spectrography. Water levels were measured in 57 area wells in the spring and fall from 1990 to 1993 to determine ground-water level fluctuations. Ground-water fluctuations ranged from less than 1.0 to 205.1 feet in these wells. Continuous water-level recorders were installed on three area wells. Depth to water ranged from 289.68 to 333.39 feet in the lower Eleven Point well, which is completed in the Ozark aquifer. Depth to water ranged from 78.73 to 90.20 feet in Ozark Lead Well 1 which is completed in the Ozark aquifer and St. Francois confining unit. Depth to water ranged from 127.53 to 135.67 feet in Ozark Lead Well 2, which is completed in the St. Francois confining unit and the St. Francois aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95106","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M.J., and Sutley, S.J., 1995, Hydrologic data for the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri, 1988-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-106, v, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95106.","productDescription":"v, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db60832d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19922,"text":"ofr95110 - 1995 - Dissolved pesticide data for the San Joaquin River at Vernalis and the Sacramento River at Sacramento, California, 1991-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-11T17:03:08.256074","indexId":"ofr95110","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-110","title":"Dissolved pesticide data for the San Joaquin River at Vernalis and the Sacramento River at Sacramento, California, 1991-94","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from sites on the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers, California and were analyzed for dissolved organic pesticides. This data collection and analysis are a part of an ongoing project by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Contaminants Hydrology program to determine the fate and transport of organic pesticides that enter the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Concentrations of selected pesticides were measured in filtered water samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey organic chemistry laboratory in Sacramento.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95110","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D.E., Crepeau, K.L., and Kuivila, K., 1995, Dissolved pesticide data for the San Joaquin River at Vernalis and the Sacramento River at Sacramento, California, 1991-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-110, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95110.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49432,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0110/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03039550781249,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -121.76696777343749,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -121.76696777343749,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -123.03039550781249,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -123.03039550781249,\n 37.32648861334206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":181742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25901,"text":"wri944207 - 1995 - Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:34:06","indexId":"wri944207","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4207","title":"Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91","docAbstract":"Selected water-quality constituents were determined in water from 5 surface-water sites and 29 wells in Dakota County, Minnesota, to search for possible relations to selected physical factors, including waste-water discharge, agricultural land, Quaternary deposits, bedrock, soil-leaching potential, and water-table depth. All surface-water samples were from the Vermillion River Basin, whose hydrologic setting was studied to determine its relation to the ground-water flow in the surrounding surficial sand aquifer. Each site was sampled from 1 to 12 times during 1990- 91. A total of 198 samples were collected; selected samples were analyzed for major inorganic ions, nutrients, and triazine content. Physical factors within the area of land assumed to be contributing water to each sampling site were determined from existing mapped or digitized sources. Nitrate concentrations in ground water were related to agricultural land and soil-leaching potential. Nitrate concentrations were large (median 13.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) where the percentage of agricultural land in the contributing area was large (equal to or greater than 75 percent) and where the soils had a large soil-leaching potential. Nitrate concentrations were small (median 3.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) where the soils had a small soil-leaching potential, despite a large percentage of agricultural land. The statistical relation was not particularly strong, however: the null hypothesis that sites with different soil-leaching potentials had the same nitrate concentrations in ground water was rejected by the Kruskal-Wallis test at only the probability P = 0.15 level. Water-table depth was not an important factor in the relation between nitrate concentrations in ground water and agricultural land. Discharge from a waste-water treatment plant provided most of the downstream loading of nitrate into the Vermillion River mainstem. Triazines were found in small concentrations (less than 2 micrograms per liter) in the Vermillion River and its tributaries. No relation was apparent between selected water-quality constituents and either Quaternary deposits or bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources and the Dakota County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Almendinger, J., and Mitton, G., 1995, Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4207, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944207.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Dakota County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.023,44.8838],[-93.0199,44.8747],[-93.0186,44.8615],[-93.0188,44.8469],[-93.0182,44.8382],[-93.0202,44.824],[-93.0229,44.8108],[-93.0242,44.804],[-93.0275,44.7976],[-93.0205,44.7825],[-93.0141,44.7738],[-93.0013,44.7719],[-92.9878,44.7742],[-92.9691,44.7727],[-92.9595,44.7663],[-92.9473,44.7663],[-92.9415,44.7713],[-92.9356,44.7776],[-92.9324,44.779],[-92.9254,44.7785],[-92.9183,44.778],[-92.9093,44.7771],[-92.8964,44.7761],[-92.8907,44.7742],[-92.8804,44.7701],[-92.8759,44.7678],[-92.8696,44.7618],[-92.8619,44.7517],[-92.8511,44.7494],[-92.8414,44.748],[-92.8254,44.7484],[-92.8138,44.7442],[-92.81,44.7433],[-92.8081,44.7424],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7799,44.7342],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7613,44.7261],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.753,44.7224],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.737,44.7173],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9552,44.5127],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.2782,44.6326],[-93.3193,44.6332],[-93.3203,44.7176],[-93.3261,44.7176],[-93.3285,44.791],[-93.3253,44.7933],[-93.3201,44.7938],[-93.3143,44.7937],[-93.3086,44.7942],[-93.3028,44.7965],[-93.2996,44.7983],[-93.295,44.8001],[-93.2937,44.8001],[-93.2905,44.8005],[-93.2854,44.8028],[-93.2834,44.806],[-93.2802,44.8078],[-93.2725,44.8087],[-93.2719,44.8087],[-93.2654,44.8096],[-93.2596,44.8096],[-93.2545,44.8119],[-93.248,44.816],[-93.2435,44.8187],[-93.2396,44.8205],[-93.2364,44.8242],[-93.2325,44.8274],[-93.23,44.8283],[-93.2267,44.8296],[-93.2229,44.8315],[-93.2228,44.836],[-93.2209,44.8392],[-93.2164,44.841],[-93.2119,44.8415],[-93.208,44.8451],[-93.2061,44.8497],[-93.2041,44.8529],[-93.1989,44.8583],[-93.1989,44.8615],[-93.2008,44.8647],[-93.1976,44.8665],[-93.1931,44.8702],[-93.1892,44.8752],[-93.1834,44.8829],[-93.1827,44.8866],[-93.1782,44.8911],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0294,44.8966]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dakota\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendinger, J.E.","contributorId":82357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendinger","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitton, G.B.","contributorId":104517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17666,"text":"ofr95104 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:40:53","indexId":"ofr95104","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-104","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic data collected during 1991-93 in the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley study area of western Utah. These data were collected in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, as part of a study to investigate possible salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats. The Bonneville Salt Flats and adjacent Pilot Valley are located in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in Utah, near the Nevada border. The Bonneville Salt Flats playa has a thick, perennial salt crust and the Pilot Valley playa has a thin, ephemeral salt crust. Well-completion data, including well depth and screened intervals, are presented in this report for selected shallow and deep monitoring wells. Water-level measurements are reported with corresponding specfic-gravity and temperature measurements. Results of chemical analyses are reported for brine collected from wells and pore fluids extracted from cores.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., Brothers, W.C., Gerner, L.J., and Muir, P.S., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-104, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95104.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0104/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Salt Flats, Pilot Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, William C.","contributorId":68891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, Linda J.","contributorId":54250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muir, Pamela S.","contributorId":51769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29051,"text":"wri944230 - 1995 - Simulated monthly hydrologic data and estimated flood characteristics for Cherry Creek at a proposed reservoir site near Terry, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T13:46:18","indexId":"wri944230","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4230","title":"Simulated monthly hydrologic data and estimated flood characteristics for Cherry Creek at a proposed reservoir site near Terry, Montana","docAbstract":"Methods used to simulate a monthly hydrologic budget for water years 1937-92 for the proposed Cherry Creek Reservoir (maximum volume about 14,100 acre-feet) are described and monthly results of the simulation are presented. The budget is based on recorded and estimated streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and estimated reservoir seepage. The budget also includes water diversions from the Yellowstone River whenever the reservoir depth was less than 20 feet (minimum operating level of 2,260 feet) and outflows whenever the reservoir elevation exceeded a maximum operating level of 2,290 feet. Monthly suspended sediment and dissolved-solids concentrations in the reservoir were estimated from regression relations between logarithms of concentration and streamflow for Cherry Creek and for the Yellowstone River near Sidney, Montana.
The results of the reservoir simulation indicate that flows from Cherry Creek, an intermittent stream having a drainage area of about 360 square miles, generally were adequate to maintain the reservoir elevation above the minimum operating level if no seepage loss occurred. With a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second, flow diversions from the Yellowstone River were required for 34 percent of the months to maintain the reservoir elevation at minimum operating level. The reservoir elevation generally was maintained near maximum operating level for a seepage loss of 0 cubic feet per second, but generally was close to minimum operating level for a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second. Cumulative sediment deposition for the 56-year period was estimated to be about 138 acre-feet from Cherry Creek alone and only slightly more (149 acre-feet) when additional water was imported from the Yellowstone River.
The simulated concentration of dissolved solids in the reservoir showed a slightly increasing trend over time, interrupted by several large decreases, for no reservoir seepage loss. The maximum concentration for no seepage loss reached a maximum value of about 2,500 milligrams per liter in 1982. For a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second, water was imported from the Yellowstone River, and the concentration generally ranged from about 500 to about 1,200 milligrams per liter throughout the period.
Flood hydrographs and volumes for flood discharges having 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals were estimated from synthetic 24-hour duration storms having total storm depths with recurrence intervals of 25, 50, and 100 years. These synthetic storms were used in a rainfall-runoff model (HEC-1) based on the Clark unit-hydrograph method to develop flood hydrographs from which volumes were computed. The peak discharges of the 25-, 50-, and 100-year flood hydrographs determined from the rainfallrunoff model compared closely to the 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges determined from regional equations developed by the U. S. Geological Survey. The volume of the 100-year hydrograph developed from the HEC-1 model was about 11,250 acre-feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri944230","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Johnson, D., 1995, Simulated monthly hydrologic data and estimated flood characteristics for Cherry Creek at a proposed reservoir site near Terry, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4230, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944230.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4230/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Prairie County","city":"Terry","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.4013,47.1824],[-105.3211,47.1826],[-105.324,46.9937],[-105.3241,46.9767],[-105.2415,46.9773],[-105.2202,46.9774],[-105.1936,46.9773],[-105.1942,46.9194],[-105.1736,46.919],[-105.153,46.9192],[-105.0679,46.9186],[-105.0672,46.9029],[-105.048,46.9026],[-105.0484,46.8888],[-105.0286,46.8881],[-105.0283,46.86],[-104.7963,46.8597],[-104.7744,46.8598],[-104.7525,46.8598],[-104.7112,46.8599],[-104.666,46.8598],[-104.6003,46.8597],[-104.5997,46.8284],[-104.6031,46.8277],[-104.603,46.8148],[-104.603,46.8001],[-104.6029,46.7858],[-104.6036,46.7712],[-104.6035,46.7427],[-104.6034,46.6985],[-104.6033,46.6847],[-104.604,46.6701],[-104.6039,46.6563],[-104.6278,46.6559],[-104.649,46.6559],[-104.6696,46.6554],[-104.708,46.6552],[-104.7299,46.6552],[-104.7298,46.641],[-104.7297,46.612],[-104.7708,46.6119],[-104.792,46.6119],[-104.7973,46.6116],[-104.8576,46.6114],[-104.8578,46.5857],[-104.858,46.5673],[-104.8983,46.5681],[-104.9816,46.5691],[-104.9814,46.5554],[-104.9814,46.5402],[-105.0694,46.5401],[-105.0905,46.54],[-105.113,46.54],[-105.1328,46.5403],[-105.1533,46.5401],[-105.1996,46.5401],[-105.2161,46.5403],[-105.238,46.5402],[-105.2375,46.554],[-105.2376,46.5691],[-105.2588,46.569],[-105.28,46.5694],[-105.3666,46.569],[-105.3832,46.5691],[-105.4043,46.5695],[-105.4083,46.5692],[-105.4255,46.5698],[-105.4493,46.5698],[-105.4501,46.5845],[-105.451,46.5992],[-105.4721,46.5995],[-105.4907,46.5993],[-105.4911,46.6117],[-105.4906,46.6259],[-105.4908,46.6411],[-105.4909,46.6576],[-105.5313,46.6568],[-105.5764,46.6566],[-105.5767,46.6708],[-105.5774,46.6869],[-105.5778,46.7003],[-105.5781,46.7141],[-105.5784,46.7453],[-105.6182,46.7449],[-105.6217,46.8314],[-105.7074,46.8316],[-105.7658,46.8314],[-105.7871,46.8316],[-105.8276,46.8316],[-105.8288,46.8606],[-105.8554,46.8606],[-105.876,46.8608],[-105.8972,46.8606],[-105.9185,46.8604],[-105.9391,46.8607],[-105.9604,46.8604],[-106.0235,46.8602],[-106.0447,46.86],[-106.0653,46.8597],[-106.0872,46.86],[-106.0866,46.9188],[-106.0865,46.9307],[-106.0853,47.007],[-106.0857,47.0208],[-106.0854,47.035],[-106.0861,47.0938],[-106.0876,47.1808],[-105.9574,47.1821],[-105.9575,47.0938],[-105.8308,47.0937],[-105.8311,47.1093],[-105.8313,47.1241],[-105.8317,47.1383],[-105.8319,47.182],[-105.7044,47.1813],[-105.4013,47.1824]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Prairie\",\"state\":\"MT\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20787,"text":"ofr95326 - 1995 - Measurements of salinity, temperature, and tides in south San Francisco Bay, California, at Dumbarton Bridge: 1990-93 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T13:57:38.12693","indexId":"ofr95326","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-326","title":"Measurements of salinity, temperature, and tides in south San Francisco Bay, California, at Dumbarton Bridge: 1990-93 water years","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey measures salinity, temperature, and water levels (tides) in southern San Francisco Bay at Dumbarton Bridge as part of a cooperative program with the California State Department of Water Resources. During water years 1990-93, measurements were made at 15-minute intervals with electonic sensors located approximately one meter above the substrate in approximately six meters of water (at mean water level). During March and April of 1991 and 1992, salinity and temperature also were measured with a self-contained system floating one meter below the surface of the water. Sections of the data set were selected to illustrate influences of tidal currents, weather events, and seasonal and interannual variations in climate on salinity, temperature, and water levels at this location. The edited data are provided on high-density disks in comma-delimited, ASCII text files.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95326","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., 1995, Measurements of salinity, temperature, and tides in south San Francisco Bay, California, at Dumbarton Bridge: 1990-93 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-326, Report: 62 p.; Application Site, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95326.","productDescription":"Report: 62 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0326/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277698,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0326/application.zip"},{"id":152253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0326/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.36579146999664\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 37.36579146999664\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.36579146999664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6112d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44703,"text":"wri944233 - 1995 - Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri944233","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4233","title":"Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report provides a general assessment of effects that the current and potential mining activities during the next 5 years may have on the water resources in each of the 34 hydrographic areas in the Humboldt River Basin of northern Nevada. Nearly 40 active gold mines are operating in the basin; of these, 15 are large-scale, open-pit mines. The potential effects of mining were assessed for seven water-resource characteristics or features at various distances from the mining operations. These characteristics are ground-water levels, springs, perennial streams, shallow ground-water areas, sediment transport, agricultural irrigation, and fish and wildlife habitat. The characteristics and features were evaluated at two distances; local (within 2 miles of the operation) and areal (from 2 to 6 miles away from the operation). Additionally, ground-water levels were evaluated at the regional distances: local (with 2 miles of the operation) and areal (from 2 to 6 miles away from the operation). Additionally, ground-water levels were levels were evaluated at the regional distance (more than 6 miles away from the operation). A numerical ranking scale, ranging from a large change expected to no change expected, was developed for each characteristic and feature. For each hydrographic area in the basin, a single value was assigned for each characteristic at each distance. This value represents the greatest change expected to occur in that hydrographic area. The study results show that the greatest changes are expected in two hydro- graphic areas: Pumpernickel Valley and Kelly Creek Area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944233","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E.J., 1995, Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4233, 3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 38 x 38 cm., on sheet 97 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 ancillary sheet (ill., maps ; 97 x 112 cm.)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944233.","productDescription":"3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 38 x 38 cm., on sheet 97 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 ancillary sheet (ill., maps ; 97 x 112 cm.).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82000,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4233/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82001,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4233/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.16666666666667,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.16666666666667,43 ], [ -115.4,43 ], [ -115.4,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.16666666666667,38.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. James","contributorId":78771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17887,"text":"ofr95105 - 1995 - Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T15:42:08","indexId":"ofr95105","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-105","title":"Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95","docAbstract":"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum utilization and management of the Nation's water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States. This report describes water-resources activities of the Water Resources Division in North Dakota in fiscal year 1994. Information on each project includes objectives, approach, progress, plans for fiscal year 1995, and completed and planned report products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95105","usgsCitation":"1995, Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-105, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95105.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ada7","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Martin, Cathy R.","contributorId":87951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Cathy R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730817,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25473,"text":"wri944022 - 1995 - Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T15:52:22","indexId":"wri944022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4022","title":"Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study unit and the factors that affect water quality are described in this report. The primary natural and cultural features that affect water- quality characteristics and the potential for future water-quality problems are described. These environmental features include climate, physio- graphy, geology, soils, population, land use, water use, and surface- and ground-water flow systems. The study-unit area is approximately 47,600 square miles and includes most of the Ozark Plateaus Province and parts of the adjacent Osage Plains and Mississippi Alluvial Plain in parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The geology is characterized by basement igneous rocks overlain by a thick sequence of dolomites, limestones, sandstones, and shales of Paleozoic age. Land use in the study unit is predominantly pasture and forest in the southeastern part, and pasture and cropland in the northwestern part. All or part of the White, Neosho-lllinois, Osage, Gasconade, Meramec, St. Francis, and Black River Basins are within the study unit. Streams in the Boston Mountains contain the least mineralized water, and those in the Osage Plains contain the most mineralized water. The study unit contains eight hydrogeologic units including three major aquifers--the Springfield Plateau, Ozark, and St. Francois aquifers. Streams and aquifers in the study unit generally contain calcium or calcium-magnesium bicarbonate waters. Ground- and surface-water interactions are greatest in the Salem and Springfield Plateaus and least in the Boston Mountains and Osage Plains. Geology, land use, and population probably are the most important environmental factors that affect water quality.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944022","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J.C., Petersen, J., Freiwald, D.A., and Davis, J., 1995, Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4022, vi, 69 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944022.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4022.jpg"},{"id":1843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri944022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}