Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inhabiting many state and national parks and suburban areas have grown to the point that they conflict with human activities. Conflicts range from destruction of vegetation through browsing to public perception that diseases carried by deer pose threats to human health. Traditional modes of hunting to control populations are inappropriate in many of these areas because of intense human development and activity. This article explores an alternative approach for population reduction based on deer social organization. Female white-tailed deer are highly philopatric and female offspring remain near their dams for life. This suggests that a population expands slowly as a series of overlapping home ranges in a form analogous to the petals on a rose. Incorporating the rose petal concept into a model of population growth shows that removal of deer by family unit can potentially alleviate conflicts in localized areas for as many as 10–15 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02394818","usgsCitation":"Porter, W., Mathews, N., Underwood, H., Sage, R., and Behrend, D., 1991, Social organization in deer: Implications for localized management: Environmental Management, v. 15, no. 6, p. 809-814, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394818.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathews, N.E.","contributorId":45807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":43896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Behrend, D.F.","contributorId":31498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrend","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222960,"text":"5222960 - 1991 - Trace elements and organochlorines in surf scoters from San Francisco Bay, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:50:32.732668","indexId":"5222960","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elements and organochlorines in surf scoters from San Francisco Bay, 1985","docAbstract":"Surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) were collected from 6 locations in San Francisco Bay during January and March 1985. Overall, mean concentrations of cadmium and zinc were higher in livers of scoters from the southern region of the Bay, whereas mean iron and lead were higher in those from the northern Bay region. Mean concentrations of arsenic, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum (January only) and iron (January) also differed among individual locations. Mean concentrations of copper and zinc increased, arsenic decreased, and cadmium remained the same between January and March. Selenium and mercury concentrations in scoter livers were not significantly correlated (P>0.05), but cadmium concentrations in livers and kidneys were positively correlated (P<0.0001), and body weight was negatively related to mercury concentration in the liver (P<0.05). Body weight differed among locations but not between January and March. Body weight was correlated with lipid content (P<0.0001). DDE and PCBs were each detected in 34 of 36 scoter carcasses. DDE increased significantly between January and March at Richmond Harbor, but BCBs did not differ between January and March at the 3 locations that could be tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394973","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Marois, K.C., Lowe, R.W., Harvey, T.E., and Kelly, P., 1991, Trace elements and organochlorines in surf scoters from San Francisco Bay, 1985: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 18, no. 2, p. 105-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394973.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marois, Katherine C.","contributorId":10000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marois","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Thomas E.","contributorId":38089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, P.R.","contributorId":82640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223017,"text":"5223017 - 1991 - Effects of pesticides on songbird productivity in conjunction with pecan cultivation in southern Georgia: A multiple-exposure experimental design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:27:03.403026","indexId":"5223017","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pesticides on songbird productivity in conjunction with pecan cultivation in southern Georgia: A multiple-exposure experimental design","docAbstract":"A prototypic experimental design was used to assess sublethal effects of multiple and varied organophosphates and carbamates on reproduction in birds. The design allowed for classification of pesticide exposure according to toxicity of applied compounds and type and frequency of applications. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of nests, eggs, and nestlings were determined for northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum), and northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) nesting along edges of pecan orchards and row crops in southern Georgia. Egg and nestling DSRs for all species combined varied inversely (P < 0.05) with exposure. Nestling weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing exposure levels in northern mockingbirds and brown thrashers. Parenting behavior in northern cardinal and northern mockingbird did not differ (P > 0.05) among three exposure levels. Brain cholinesterase activities were age-dependent and substantiated adult, but not nestling, exposure. Results suggest that increasing exposure to pesticides may reduce songbird productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620101113","usgsCitation":"Patnode, K., and White, D.H., 1991, Effects of pesticides on songbird productivity in conjunction with pecan cultivation in southern Georgia: A multiple-exposure experimental design: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 10, no. 11, p. 1479-1486, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620101113.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1486","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620101113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patnode, K.A.","contributorId":99242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patnode","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221605,"text":"5221605 - 1991 - Effects of maternal and grandmaternal nutrition on deer mass and vulnerability to wolf predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T00:45:08.923699","indexId":"5221605","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of maternal and grandmaternal nutrition on deer mass and vulnerability to wolf predation","docAbstract":"In a Minnesota ecosystem, mass of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and adults, and survival of adult females in the face of wolf (Canis lupus) predation, were directly related to maternal nutrition during gestation. Mass of single male fawns produced by 2-year-old females, and survival of yearlings to 2 years of age were related directly to the nutrition of their grandmothers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381989","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Nelson, M., and McRoberts, R., 1991, Effects of maternal and grandmaternal nutrition on deer mass and vulnerability to wolf predation: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 72, no. 1, p. 146-151, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381989.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McRoberts, R.E.","contributorId":56749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRoberts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221162,"text":"5221162 - 1991 - Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in Minnesota wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T11:18:42.664634","indexId":"5221162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in Minnesota wolves","docAbstract":"Serum samples (n = 457) from wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Minnesota were collected from 1972 through 1986 and were tested for antibodies against Leptospira interrogans using a microtiter agglutination test. Twelve serovars included in the study were: australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, pyrogenes, and tarassovi. Fifty-two (11%) sera had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 against one or more serovars of L. interrogans. The seroprevalence of different serovars in decreasing order was: grippotyphosa, bratislava, autumnalis, canicola, pomona, ballum, pyrogenes, hardjo, and copenhageni. No antibodies were found against australis, bataviae, and tarassovi. These results indicate that L. interrogans infection may occur in wolves of Minnesota.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.248","usgsCitation":"Khan, M., Goyal, S., Diesch, S., Mech, L., and Fritts, S.H., 1991, Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in Minnesota wolves: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 27, no. 2, p. 248-253, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.248.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479662,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khan, M.A.","contributorId":81916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diesch, S.L.","contributorId":47492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diesch","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritts, S. H.","contributorId":50233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222708,"text":"5222708 - 1991 - Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T00:19:31.060261","indexId":"5222708","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","docAbstract":"Organochlorine pesticides have been found in Arctic fish, marine mammals, birds, and plankton for some time. The lack of local sources and remoteness of the region imply long-range transport and deposition of contaminants into the Arctic from sources to the south. While on the third Soviet-American Joint Ecological Expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas (August 1988), high-volume air samples were taken and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated camphenes, and chlordane (listed in order of abundance, highest to lowest) were quantified. The air-sea gas exchange of HCH was estimated at 18 stations during the cruise. Average alpha-HCH concentrations in concurrent atmosphere and surface water samples were 250 pg m-3 and 2.4 ng L-1, respectively, and average gamma-HCH concentrations were 68 pg m-3 in the atmosphere and 0.6 ng L-1 in surface water. Calculations based on experimentally derived Henry's law constants showed that the surface water was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere at most stations (alpha-HCH, average 79% saturation; gamma-HCH, average 28% saturation). The flux for alpha-HCH ranged from -47 ng m-2 day-1 (sea to air) to 122 ng m-2 d-1 (air to sea) and averaged 25 ng m-2 d-1 air to sea. All fluxes of gamma-HCH were from air to sea, ranged from 17 to 54 ng m-2 d-1, and averaged 31 ng m-2 d-1.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90JC02642","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, D., Bidleman, T., and Rice, C., 1991, Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. C4, p. 7201-7213, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JC02642.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"7201","endPage":"7213","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agu.org/journals/jc/v096/iC04/90JC02642/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66912e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, D.A.","contributorId":29084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bidleman, T.F.","contributorId":84021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidleman","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, C.P.","contributorId":81065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222579,"text":"5222579 - 1991 - Introgression of coyote mitochondrial DNA into sympatric North American gray wolf populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T16:30:24","indexId":"5222579","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introgression of coyote mitochondrial DNA into sympatric North American gray wolf populations","docAbstract":"Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes of gray wolves and coyotes from localities throughout North America were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Of the 13 genotypes found among the wolves, 7 are clearly of coyote origin, indicating that genetic transfer of coyote mtDNA into wolf populations has occurred through hybridization. The transfer of mtDNA appears unidirectional from coyotes into wolves because no coyotes sampled have a wolf-derived mtDNA genotype. Wolves possessing coyote-derived genotypes are confined to a contiguous geographic region in Minnesota, Ontario, and Quebec, and the frequency of coyote-type mtDNA in these wolf populations is high (>50%). The ecological history of the hybrid zone suggests that hybridization is taking place in regions where coyotes have only recently become abundant following conversion of forests to farmlands. Dispersing male wolves unable to find conspecific mates may be pairing with female coyotes in deforested areas bordering wolf territories. Our results demonstrate that closely related species of mobile terrestrial vertebrates have the potential for extensive genetic exchange when ecological conditions change suddenly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.2307/2409486","usgsCitation":"Lehman, N., Eisenhawer, A., Hansen, K., Mech, L.D., Peterson, R.O., Gogan, P., and Wayne, R.K., 1991, Introgression of coyote mitochondrial DNA into sympatric North American gray wolf populations: Evolution, v. 45, no. 1, p. 104-119, https://doi.org/10.2307/2409486.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Niles","contributorId":106506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Niles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eisenhawer, Andrew","contributorId":102589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenhawer","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Kimberly","contributorId":1588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Rolf O.","contributorId":166963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J.P.","contributorId":91205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5222838,"text":"5222838 - 1991 - Movements and survival of American black duck and mallard broods on Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T06:35:50","indexId":"5222838","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and survival of American black duck and mallard broods on Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"We attached radio transmitters to day-old American black duck (Anas rubripes) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) ducklings and monitored duckling habitat use, brood movements, and survival rates for 30 days. Ducklings moved an average of 2.3 km within the first 24 hours and another 1.5 km thereafter. After the initial move, broods usually moved once more. No differences in initial movement distance, subsequent movement distance, or total number of movements were found between black duck and mallard broods. There was some evidence that broods in more human developed areas moved more than broods in less human-developed areas. Black duck duckling survival rates were greater than mallard survival rates in 1 of 2 study years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., and Pendleton, G., 1991, Movements and survival of American black duck and mallard broods on Chesapeake Bay: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 45, p. 156-166.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=7443","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.8441162109375,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 39.614152077002664\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 39.51251701659638\n ],\n [\n -76.739501953125,\n 39.25352462727606\n ],\n [\n -77.0306396484375,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -77.0416259765625,\n 38.26406296833961\n ],\n [\n -76.827392578125,\n 37.48793540168987\n ],\n [\n -76.673583984375,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -76.146240234375,\n 36.74328605437939\n ],\n [\n -75.7232666015625,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n -75.74523925781249,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -75.8441162109375,\n 39.58875727696545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222573,"text":"5222573 - 1991 - Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T09:13:53","indexId":"5222573","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese","docAbstract":"Population ecologists have devoted disproportionate attention to the estimation and study of birth and death rates and far less effort to rates of movement. Movement and fidelity to wintering areas have important ecological and evolutionary implications for avian populations. Previous inferences about movement among and fidelity to wintering areas have been restricted by limitations of data and methodology. We use multiple observation data from a large-scale capture-resighting study of Canada Geese in the Atlantic flyway to estimate probabilities of returning to previous wintering locations and moving to new locations. Mark-resight data from 28,849 Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) banded woth individually coded neck bands in the mid-Atlantic (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey), Chesapeake (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia), and Carolinas (North and South Carolina) were used to estimate movement and site-fidelity. Two three-sample mark-resight models were developed and programmed using SURVIV to estimate the probability of moving among or remaining within these three wintering regions. The model (MV2) that incorporated tradition' or memory of previous wintering regions fit the data better than the model (MV1) that assumes that a first-order Markov chain described movement among regions. Considerable levels of movement occurred among regions of the Atlantic flyway. The annual probability of remaining in the same region for two successive winters, used as a measure of site fidelity, was 0.710 plus or minus 0.016 (estimated mean plus or minus SE, 0.889 plus or minus 0.006, and 0.562 plus or minus 0.025, for the mid-Atlantic, Chesapeake, and Carolinas, respectively. The estimated probability of moving between years corresponded to changes in winter harshness. In warm years, geese moved north and in cold years, they moved south. Geese had a high probability of moving to and remaining in the Chesapeake. Annual changes in the movement probabilities did not correspond to annual changes in the United States Fish and Wildlife midwinter survey. Considerable numbers of geese from the Carolinas appeared to be wintering in more northerly locations (short-stopped) in subsequent winters.
","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/2937193","usgsCitation":"Hestbeck, J., Nichols, J., and Malecki, R., 1991, Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese: Ecology, v. 72, no. 2, p. 523-533, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937193.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222662,"text":"5222662 - 1991 - The first experimental reintroduction of captive-reared Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) into Colombia, South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5222662","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3137,"text":"Proceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The first experimental reintroduction of captive-reared Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) into Colombia, South America","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lieberman, A., Wiley, J.W., Rodriguez, J., and Paez, J., 1991, The first experimental reintroduction of captive-reared Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) into Colombia, South America: Proceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, v. 1991, p. 129-136.","productDescription":"129-136","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1991","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65db75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lieberman, A.","contributorId":100102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieberman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, J.V.","contributorId":97216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paez, J.M.","contributorId":10899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paez","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222665,"text":"5222665 - 1991 - Testing the Wildlink activity-detection system on wolves and white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:56:24.071735","indexId":"5222665","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the Wildlink activity-detection system on wolves and white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"We tested the reliability and predictive capabilities of the activity meter in the new Wildlink Data Acquisition and Recapture System by comparing activity counts with concurrent observations of captive wolf (Canis lupus) and free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) activity. The Wildlink system stores activity data in a computer within a radio collar with which a biologist can communicate. Three levels of activity could be detected. The Wildlink system provided greater activity discrimination and was more reliable, adaptable, and efficient and was easier to use than conventional telemetry activity systems. The Wildlink system could be highly useful for determining wildlife energy budgets.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z91-347","usgsCitation":"Kunkel, K.E., Chapman, R.C., Mech, L., and Gese, E., 1991, Testing the Wildlink activity-detection system on wolves and white-tailed deer: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 9, p. 2466-2469, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-347.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2466","endPage":"2469","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68482d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Richard C.","contributorId":50234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, E.M.","contributorId":94757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222974,"text":"5222974 - 1991 - Accumulation of trace elements and organochlorines by surf scoters wintering in the Pacific northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5222974","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of trace elements and organochlorines by surf scoters wintering in the Pacific northwest","docAbstract":"Selenium, cadmium, mercury, copper, manganese, zinc, aluminum, lead, PCBs and DDE were accumulated by segments of the surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) population that winters in the Pacific Northwest, but whether the uptake occurred on breeding and/or wintering grounds was uncertain for some contaminants. Surf scoters collected in Puget Sound and San Francisco Bay (in another study) during the same period (January 1985) contained similar concentrations of cadmium, but Alsea Bay scoters contained more. Cadmium was inversely related to both liver and body weights of Northwest scoters in January; similar weight losses were reported in experimental laboratory studies. Northwest and north San Francisco Bay scoters contained similar mercury concentrations, but those in south San Francisco Bay contained higher concentrations. San Francisco Bay scoters contained higher arsenic and selenium concentrations than those in the Northwest; however, the 43.4 ppm (geometric mean, dry wt) selenium in livers at Commencement Bay in January was above levels associated with the reproductive problems in aquatic birds at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge. Even higher concentrations of some elements may be found in surf scoters in March, because a later collection (March) at San Francisco Bay yielded higher concentrations than found there in January. Trace element concentrations in birds at a given wintering location are variable among species and may be influenced by diet, breeding grounds, and physiology (e.g., at Commencement Bay surf scoters with a sediment-associated diet contained 50X more cadmium in their kidneys than did fish-eating western grebes [Aechmophorus occidentalis]). The numerous wildlife species that live on estuaries require further attention.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., Grove, R.A., and Thompson, S., 1991, Accumulation of trace elements and organochlorines by surf scoters wintering in the Pacific northwest: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 43-60.","productDescription":"43-60","startPage":"43","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16312,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3536800","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6978ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, S.P.","contributorId":66731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222983,"text":"5222983 - 1991 - Factors affecting winter distribution and migration distance of wood ducks from southern breeding populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:21:57.183521","indexId":"5222983","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting winter distribution and migration distance of wood ducks from southern breeding populations","docAbstract":"We used direct band-recovery records of Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) banded 1 April-15 September (1960-1987) in the southern and southeastern reference areas of Bowers and Martin (1975) to test whether winter distribution and migration distance were age- and sex-specific. Effects of variation in early-autumn temperature and precipitation conditions on winter distribution patterns also were studied. Latitude and longitude of winter band recoveries did not differ by age and sex in the southern reference area; but adult Wood Ducks tended to migrate shorter distances than young. In the southeastern reference area, recovery distributions of males and females also did not differ; but adults were distributed north and east of young birds, and migrated shorter distances. We predicted that Wood Ducks would move farther south in winter when early-autumn (October-November) temperature and spring-summer (April-September) precipitation were below normal. Adults were recovered farther south when precipitation was below average, but deviations from average temperatures were not associated with winter distribution. Young Wood Ducks occurred farther south when rainfall in spring-summer was less than normal and when average November temperature was colder than normal. We conclude that winter distributions of male and female Wood Ducks did not differ, but that adults migrated shorter distances than young. Variation in winter distribution was associated with early-autumn habitat suitability.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/3247723","usgsCitation":"Hepp, G.R., and Hines, J., 1991, Factors affecting winter distribution and migration distance of wood ducks from southern breeding populations: Condor, v. 93, no. 4, p. 884-891, https://doi.org/10.2307/3247723.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"891","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f874c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222849,"text":"5222849 - 1991 - Radio tracking Puerto Rican parrots: assessing triangulation accuracy in an insular rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222849","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1185,"text":"Caribbean Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio tracking Puerto Rican parrots: assessing triangulation accuracy in an insular rain forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4115_Lindsey.pdf","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, G., and Arendt, W., 1991, Radio tracking Puerto Rican parrots: assessing triangulation accuracy in an insular rain forest: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 46-53.","productDescription":"46-53","startPage":"46","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16323,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/VOL27/P046-053.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649da9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, G.D.","contributorId":75648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arendt, W.J.","contributorId":72479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222586,"text":"5222586 - 1991 - Poisoning of Canada geese in Texas by parathion sprayed for control of Russian wheat aphid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:17:37.703721","indexId":"5222586","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:50","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poisoning of Canada geese in Texas by parathion sprayed for control of Russian wheat aphid","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) died at a playa lake in the Texas Panhandle shortly after a winter wheat field in the basin adjacent to the lake was treated with parathion to control newly invading Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia). No evidence of infectious disease was diagnosed during necropsies of geese. Brain ChE activities were depressed up to 77% below normal. Parathion residues in GI tract contents of geese ranged from 4 to 34 ppm. Based on this evidence, parathion was responsible for the goose mortalities. Parathion applications to winter wheat will undoubtedly increase if parathion is applied for control of both Russian wheat aphids and greenbugs (Schizaphis graminum). Geese may potentially be exposed to widespread applications of parathion from fall to spring, essentially their entire wintering period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.265","usgsCitation":"Flickinger, E.L., Juenger, G., Roffe, T.J., Smith, M.R., and Irwin, R.J., 1991, Poisoning of Canada geese in Texas by parathion sprayed for control of Russian wheat aphid: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 27, no. 2, p. 265-268, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.265.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.265","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":194189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Playa Lakes, Texas panhandle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.106689453125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -99.964599609375,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -99.964599609375,\n 34.551811369170494\n ],\n [\n -103.216552734375,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -103.106689453125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juenger, Gary","contributorId":8948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juenger","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roffe, Thomas J.","contributorId":56596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Milton R.","contributorId":14272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, Roy J.","contributorId":140054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irwin","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5220933,"text":"5220933 - 1991 - The Bodie-Pea Island Christmas bird count: A 25-year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"5220933","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:26","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1207,"text":"Chat","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bodie-Pea Island Christmas bird count: A 25-year summary","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chat","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1991, The Bodie-Pea Island Christmas bird count: A 25-year summary: Chat, v. 54, no. 4, p. 41-52.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6820de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221097,"text":"5221097 - 1991 - Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:18:26","indexId":"5221097","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Twoyearold male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) received a control diet (0.2 ppm Se) or diets containing 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 ppm Se as selenomethionine for 14 wk. Se accumulated readily in the liver in a dosedependent manner, reaching a mean concentration of 29 ppm (wet weight) in the 32 ppm group. Dietary Se of 2 ppm or greater increased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Mortality (10%) and histopathological effects, including bile duct hyperplasia and hemosiderin pigmentation of the liver and spleen, occurred in the 32 ppm group. These histopathological effects were accompanied by lower hemoglobin concentrations (16 and 32 ppm groups) and hematocrit (32 ppm group), and elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (32 ppm group) indicative of cholestatic liver inJury. Other manifestations of hepatotoxicity included significant linear dose responses for hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations and ratio of GSSG to reduced glutathione (GSH). Means for both of these responses differed from controls in groups receiving 832 ppm Se. Mean hepatic GSH and malondialdehyde (a measure of lipid peroxidation) concentrations were significantly elevated in the 16 and 32 ppm groups. Subchronic effects of selenomethionine, which occurs in vegetation, are of particular interest with respect to the health of wild aquatic birds in seleniferous locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287399109531495","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., LeCaptain, L.J., Bunck, C., and Green, D.E., 1991, Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 32, no. 4, p. 449-464, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399109531495.","productDescription":"449-464","startPage":"449","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269447,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399109531495"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016680,"text":"70016680 - 1991 - Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:26:21.714894","indexId":"70016680","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","docAbstract":"At ocean margins where two plates converge, the oceanic plate sinks or is subducted beneath an upper one topped by a layer of terrestrial crust. This crust is constructed of continental or island arc material. The subduction process either builds juvenile masses of terrestrial crust through arc volcanism or new areas of crust through the piling up of accretionary masses (prisms) of sedimentary deposits and fragments of thicker crustal bodies scraped off the subducting lower plate. At convergent margins, terrestrial material can also bypass the accretionary prism as a result of sediment subduction, and terrestrial matter can be removed from the upper plate by processes of subduction erosion. Sediment subduction occurs where sediment remains attached to the subducting oceanic plate and underthrusts the seaward position of the upper plate's resistive buttress (backstop) of consolidated sediment and rock. Sediment subduction occurs at two types of convergent margins: type 1 margins where accretionary prisms form and type 2 margins where little net accretion takes place. At type 2 margins (∼19,000 km in global length), effectively all incoming sediment is subducted beneath the massif of basement or framework rocks forming the landward trench slope. At accreting or type 1 margins, sediment subduction begins at the seaward position of an active buttress of consolidated accretionary material that accumulated in front of a starting or core buttress of framework rocks. Where small-to-medium-sized prisms have formed (∼16,300 km), approximately 20% of the incoming sediment is skimmed off a detachment surface or decollement and frontally accreted to the active buttress. The remaining 80% subducts beneath the buttress and may either underplate older parts of the frontal body or bypass the prism entirely and underthrust the leading edge of the margin's rock framework. At margins bordered by large prisms (∼8,200 km), roughly 70% of the incoming trench floor section is subducted beneath the frontal accretionary body and its active buttress. In rounded figures the contemporary rate of solid-volume sediment subduction at convergent ocean margins (∼43,500 km) is calculated to be 1.5 km³/yr. Correcting type 1 margins for high rates of terrigenous seafloor sedimentation during the past 30 m.y. or so sets the long-term rate of sediment subduction at 1.0 km³/yr. The bulk of the subducted material is derived directly or indirectly from continental denudation. Interstitial water currently expulsed from accreted and deeply subducted sediment and recycled to the ocean basins is estimated at 0.9 km³/yr. The thinning and truncation caused by subduction erosion of the margin's framework rock and overlying sedimentary deposits have been demonstrated at many convergent margins but only off northern Japan, central Peru, and northern Chile has sufficient information been collected to determine average or long-term rates, which range from 25 to 50 km³/m.y. per kilometer of margin. A conservative long-term rate applicable to many sectors of convergent margins is 30 km³/km/m.y. If applied to the length of type 2 margins, subduction erosion removes and transports approximately 0.6 km³/yr of upper plate material to greater depths. At various places, subduction erosion also affects sectors of type 1 margins bordered by small- to medium-sized accretionary prisms (for example, Japan and Peru), thus increasing the global rate by possibly 0.5 km³/yr to a total of 1.1 km³/yr. Little information is available to assess subduction erosion at margins bordered by large accretionary prisms. Mass balance calculations allow assessments to be made of the amount of subducted sediment that bypasses the prism and underthrusts the margin's rock framework. This subcrustally subducted sediment is estimated at 0.7 km³/yr. Combined with the range of terrestrial matter removed from the margin's rock framework by subduction erosion, the global volume of subcrustally subducted material is estimated to range from 1.3 to 1.8 km³/yr. Subcrustally subducted material is either returned to the terrestrial crust by arc-related igneous processes or crustal underplating or is lost from the crust by mantle absorption. Geochemical and isotopic data support the notion that upper mantle melting returns only a small percent of the subducted material to the terrestrial crust as arc igneous rocks. Limited areal exposures of terrestrial rocks metamorphosed at deep (>20–30 km) subcrustal pressures and temperatures imply that only a small fraction of subducted material is reattached via deep crustal underplating. Possibly, therefore much of the subducted terrestrial material is recycled to the mantle at a rate near 1.6 km³/yr, which is effectively equivalent to the commonly estimated rate at which the mantle adds juvenile igneous material to the Earth's layer of terrestrial rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91RG00969","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., and Scholl, D., 1991, Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 29, no. 3, p. 279-316, https://doi.org/10.1029/91RG00969.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, Shumagin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.0551905132251,\n 55.6277837301117\n ],\n [\n -161.5116239712764,\n 54.13525573677265\n ],\n [\n -153.57834311210746,\n 55.40375253480332\n ],\n [\n -151.29611269478102,\n 57.13479856490234\n ],\n [\n -151.64404848361454,\n 58.94375713478402\n ],\n [\n -162.0551905132251,\n 55.6277837301117\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a70e4b0c8380cd7417d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200123,"text":"5200123 - 1991 - Cyanide Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:45:13","indexId":"5200123","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 23 ; Biological Report 85(1.23)","title":"Cyanide Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1991, Cyanide Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 23 ; Biological Report 85(1.23), iii, 55.","productDescription":"iii, 55","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_23_Cyanide.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":202910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230225,"text":"5230225 - 1991 - Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5230225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 9","title":"Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","docAbstract":"We examined the use of 87 palustrine and lacustrine wetlands by nongame water birds in central and eastern Maine using 3,527 h of observation (1,501 visits) made during April-August, 1977-85. Wetlands used by 15 species of water birds were distinguished from those not used, according to 20 habitat features. The species were the common loon (Gavia immer) , pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), green-backed heron (Butorides striatus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), Virgima rail (Rallus limicola), sora (Porzana carolina), spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), herring gull (Larus argentatus), and belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon). Predictive models of habitat use were developed for each species. Water birds were classified by similarity of habitats used, and species use was contrasted by wetland type. Smaller, isolated wetlands were used by fewer (P < 0.05) species than larger wetlands in complexes; many species had large area-requirements (pied-billed grebe, common loon, herring gull, double-crested cormorant, bald eagle) or preferred to use wetlands near other wetlands (common loon, herring gull, great blue heron, spotted sandpiper, osprey, bald eagle). Wetland area contributed more to overall variation in species richness on wetlands than wetland isolation, although on small wetlands (<3.6 ha) isolation was a better predictor of species richness than wetland area. Wetlands with intermediate amounts (33-66%) of emergent vegetation supported more species (P< 0.05) than closed (>66%) or open (<33%) wetlands. Low pH typified wetlands used by large-bodied piscivores (common loon, cormorant, osprey). Other water birds were associated with more densely vegetated, chemically buffered wetlands. Habitat features associated with wetland use by each waterbird species are reported, as are numerical responses of waterbird populations to wetland features and estimates of annual variation in habitat occupancy. Lacustrine wetlands supported a distinct, low diversity community of water birds, including most fish-eating species. Waterbird diversity at forested palustrine wetlands was intermediate between lacustrine communities and more species-rich assemblages at palustrine emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands. Regional variation in wetland characteristics and water bird use was associated with surficial geology, soils, and management practices. Management for nongame water birds in Maine should consider providing emergent and aquatic-bed vegetation with variable cover-to-water ratios, accommodating species-specific habitat needs, focusing on species of restricted distribution and low abundance, and maintaining wetland complexes. Bird use and habitat information from 87 wetlands and models of habitat selection for each species are provided in appendixes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., and Ringelman, J., 1991, Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine: Fish and Wildlife Research No. 9, iii, 57.","productDescription":"iii, 57","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5200201,"text":"5200201 - 1991 - Demography and natural history of the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":214,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 511","title":"Demography and natural history of the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama","docAbstract":"Bats were marked and monitored on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, to study seasonal and annual variation in distribution, abundance, and natural history from 1975 through 1980. Data gathered advances our knowledge about flocking; abundance; feeding strategies; social behavior; species richness; population structure and stability; age and sex ratios; life expectancy and longevity; nightly, seasonal, and annual movements; synchrony within and between species in reproductive activity; timing of reproductive cycles; survival and dispersal of recruits; intra-and inter-specific relationships; and day and night roost selection. Barro Colorado Island (BCI) harbors large populations of bats that feed on the fruit of canopy trees, especially figs. These trees are abundant, and the individual asynchrony of their fruiting rhythms results in a fairly uniform abundance of fruit. When figs are scarce, a variety of other fruits is available to replace them. This relatively dependable food supply attracts a remarkably rich guild of bats. Although we marked all bats caught, we tried to maximize the number of Artibeus jamaicensis netted, because it is abundant (2/3 of the total catch of bats on BCI), easily captured by conventional means (mist nets set at ground level), and responds well to handling and marking. An average Artibeus jamaicensis is a 45 g frugivore that eats roughly its weight in fruit every night. These bats prefer figs and often seek them out even when other types of fruit they might eat are far more abundant. They commute several hundred meters to feeding trees on the average, feeding on fruit from one to four trees each night, and returning to a single fruiting tree an average of four nights in succession. The bats tend to fly farther when fewer fig trees are bearing ripe fruit, and they feed from fewer trees, on the average, when the moon is nearly full. These bats, like their congeners, do not feed in the fruiting tree itself. Instead, they select a fruit and carry it to a feeding roost typically about 100 m away before eating it. We utilized radio telemetry to assess feeding rates from the number of ?feeding passes??transits between fruit tree and feeding roost. Bats are often netted while carrying fruit, revealing their diet. Feces also reveal dietary information. Adult female A. jamaicensis live in harems of three to 30 individuals with a single adult male. On BCI the harem groups roost during the day in hollow trees. There is presumably a large population of surplus males that roost together with nonadults of both sexes in foliage. Females commute an average of 600 m from their day roosts to feeding sites, and harem males travel less than 300 m. Twice a year most females give birth to a single young, once in March or April, and again in July or August; active gestation averages about 19 weeks. Juveniles are first netted when they are about ten weeks old, and females usually first bear young in March or April following their year of birth.","language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"NTIS Accession Number: PB92-173673 ","usgsCitation":"Smithsonian Institution, 1991, Demography and natural history of the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 511, iii, 173.","productDescription":"iii, 173","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92155,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0511.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ecdc"} ,{"id":5200097,"text":"5200097 - 1991 - Winter nutrition and population ecology of white-tailed deer in the central Superior National Forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NC-147.","title":"Winter nutrition and population ecology of white-tailed deer in the central Superior National Forest","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G., Nelson, M., and Mech, L., 1991, Winter nutrition and population ecology of white-tailed deer in the central Superior National Forest: General Technical Report NC-147., 16.","productDescription":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91869,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nc147.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/10211","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df9a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, G. D.","contributorId":33415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"G. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200101,"text":"5200101 - 1991 - Restoration of Wolves in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":223,"text":"Technical Review","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"91-1","title":"Restoration of Wolves in North America","language":"English","publisher":"Technical Advisory Committee on Wolf Reintroduction, The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"OCLC 23979293","usgsCitation":"Peek, J., Brown, D., Kellert, S., Mech, L., Shaw, J., and Van Ballenberghe, V., 1991, Restoration of Wolves in North America: Technical Review 91-1, ii, 21.","productDescription":"ii, 21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279a7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gill, J.D.","contributorId":51480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505786,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Peek, J.M.","contributorId":34889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, D.E.","contributorId":91879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kellert, S.R.","contributorId":8589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellert","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaw, J.H.","contributorId":87261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Ballenberghe, V.","contributorId":24039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Ballenberghe","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200195,"text":"5200195 - 1991 - The birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"N.S. 65.","title":"The birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., Foster, M., Barrowclough, G., Dickerman, R., Cannell, P., Coats, S., Cracraft, J., and O’Neill, J., 1991, The birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, iv, 85.","productDescription":"iv, 85","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, D.E.","contributorId":99234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrowclough, G.F.","contributorId":92784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrowclough","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickerman, R.W.","contributorId":24474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cannell, P.F.","contributorId":101366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannell","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coats, S.L.","contributorId":75255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cracraft, J.L.","contributorId":86079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cracraft","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Neill, J.P.","contributorId":107392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}