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,{"id":5210633,"text":"5210633 - 1991 - Redhead Aythya americana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210633","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Redhead Aythya americana","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Annapolis, MD","collaboration":"Prepared for Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program ; prepared by Habitat Objectives Workgroup, Living Resources Subcommittee [and] Chesapeake Research Consortium.  OCLC: 27898242","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., 1991, Redhead Aythya americana, chap. <i>of</i> Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources, p. 18.1-18.10.","startPage":"18.1","endPage":"18.10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funderburk, Steven L.","contributorId":114008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506839,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Stephen J.","contributorId":113356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506838,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mihursky, Joseph A.","contributorId":111754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihursky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506836,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, David","contributorId":112122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506837,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210559,"text":"5210559 - 1991 - Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210559","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Moorhead, D., Hodges, J., and Reinecke, K.J., 1991, Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, p. 710-721.","productDescription":"xii, 868","startPage":"710","endPage":"721","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3ae6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coleman, S.S.","contributorId":112663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neary, D. G.","contributorId":112363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neary","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moorhead, D.J.","contributorId":20869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorhead","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, J.D.","contributorId":44643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210634,"text":"5210634 - 1991 - Canvasback Aythya valisineria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210634","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Canvasback Aythya valisineria","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Annapolis, MD","collaboration":"Prepared for Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program ; prepared by Habitat Objectives Workgroup, Living Resources Subcommittee [and] Chesapeake Research Consortium.  OCLC: 27898242","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., 1991, Canvasback Aythya valisineria, chap. <i>of</i> Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources, p. 17.1-17.10.","startPage":"17.1","endPage":"17.10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6aef","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funderburk, Steven L.","contributorId":114008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506843,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Stephen J.","contributorId":113356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506842,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mihursky, Joseph A.","contributorId":111754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihursky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506840,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, David","contributorId":112122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506841,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210622,"text":"5210622 - 1991 - Management of powerline rights-of-way for botanical and wildlife value in metropolitan areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210622","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management of powerline rights-of-way for botanical and wildlife value in metropolitan areas","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Conservation in Metropolitan Environments.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Institute for Urban Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","collaboration":"Conference held Nov. 11-14, 1990 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.","usgsCitation":"Obrecht, H., Fleming, W.J., and Parsons, J., 1991, Management of powerline rights-of-way for botanical and wildlife value in metropolitan areas, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife Conservation in Metropolitan Environments.","productDescription":"viii, 264","startPage":"255","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, Lowell W.","contributorId":37655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leedy, Daniel L.","contributorId":37787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leedy","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, J.H.","contributorId":55120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210564,"text":"5210564 - 1991 - Managing suburban forest fragments for birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing suburban forest fragments for birds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Challenges in the Conservation of Biological Resources:  A Practitioner's Guide","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Westview Press","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1991, Managing suburban forest fragments for birds, chap. <i>of</i> Challenges in the Conservation of Biological Resources:  A Practitioner's Guide, p. 253-264.","productDescription":"xxix, 402","startPage":"253","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abf6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Decker, Daniel J.","contributorId":114044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506690,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krasny, Marianne E.","contributorId":112416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasny","given":"Marianne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506687,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, Gary R.","contributorId":113403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Charles R.","contributorId":111808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506686,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, David W.","contributorId":112603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210565,"text":"5210565 - 1991 - Feeding habitat use by wading birds: some management issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210565","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Feeding habitat use by wading birds: some management issues","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Nongame Workshop: 10-12 September, 1991, Gainesville, Florida ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Information Transfer","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., 1991, Feeding habitat use by wading birds: some management issues, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Nongame Workshop: 10-12 September, 1991, Gainesville, Florida , p. 57-58.","productDescription":"xxviii, 186","startPage":"57","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210600,"text":"5210600 - 1991 - Breeding Bird Survey and bird banding data: Applications to raptor research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210600","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Breeding Bird Survey and bird banding data: Applications to raptor research and management","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) are sources of information for raptor biologists.  The BBS has been conducted each year since 1966 in the United States and Canada; historical bird banding records extend back to the early 20th century. BBS data can be used to document population trends and breeding distributions of many bird species.  Banding data are generally collected for specific and local studies of bird populations or behavior.  Past use of these data has been limited by their volume and relative inaccessibility. In this paper, we present an overview of BBS and BBL raptor data and their uses, limitations and availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Midwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4163_Sauer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Droege, S., and Bystrak, D., 1991, Breeding Bird Survey and bird banding data: Applications to raptor research and management, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Midwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop, p. 125-133.","productDescription":"xii, 287","startPage":"125","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210616,"text":"5210616 - 1991 - American black duck Anas rubripes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210616","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"American black duck Anas rubripes","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Annapolis, MD","collaboration":"Prepared for Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program ; prepared by Habitat Objectives Workgroup, Living Resources Subcommittee [and] Chesapeake Research Consortium.  OCLC: 27898242","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., 1991, American black duck Anas rubripes, chap. <i>of</i> Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources, p. 16.1-16.7.","startPage":"16.1","endPage":"16.7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868f6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funderburk, Steven L.","contributorId":114008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506806,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Stephen J.","contributorId":113356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506805,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mihursky, Joseph A.","contributorId":111754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihursky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506803,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, David","contributorId":112122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506804,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210533,"text":"5210533 - 1991 - Contaminants in the coastal environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210533","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contaminants in the coastal environment","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Nongame Workshop: 10-12 September, 1991, Gainesville, Florida","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Information Transfer","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO.","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 1991, Contaminants in the coastal environment, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Nongame Workshop: 10-12 September, 1991, Gainesville, Florida, p. 172-176.","productDescription":"xxviii, 186","startPage":"172","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699db9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210643,"text":"5210643 - 1991 - Area-occupied survey technique for nesting woodland raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210643","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Area-occupied survey technique for nesting woodland raptors","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Midwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Iverson, G., and Fuller, M., 1991, Area-occupied survey technique for nesting woodland raptors, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Midwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop, p. 118-124.","productDescription":"xii, 287","startPage":"118","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6739dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, G.C.","contributorId":30590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210632,"text":"5210632 - 1991 - Wood Duck Aix sponsa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210632","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wood Duck Aix sponsa","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Annapolis, MD","collaboration":"Prepared for Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program ; prepared by Habitat Objectives Workgroup, Living Resources Subcommittee [and] Chesapeake Research Consortium.  OCLC: 27898242","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., 1991, Wood Duck Aix sponsa, chap. <i>of</i> Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources, p. 15.1-15.11.","startPage":"15.1","endPage":"15.11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e7c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funderburk, Steven L.","contributorId":114008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506835,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Stephen J.","contributorId":113356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506834,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mihursky, Joseph A.","contributorId":111754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihursky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506832,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, David","contributorId":112122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506833,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210541,"text":"5210541 - 1991 - Demography of eastern population tundra swans, Cygnus columbianus columbianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210541","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Demography of eastern population tundra swans, Cygnus columbianus columbianus","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Third IWRB International Swan Symposium: Oxford, England, 9-13 December 1989","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust and the International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau","publisherLocation":"Slimbridge, England","collaboration":"OCLC: 28515262","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Limpert, R., Earnst, S., Sladen, W., Hines, J., and Rothe, T., 1991, Demography of eastern population tundra swans, Cygnus columbianus columbianus, chap. <i>of</i> Third IWRB International Swan Symposium: Oxford, England, 9-13 December 1989, p. 178-184.","productDescription":"400","startPage":"178","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"400","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed0e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sears, Jane","contributorId":111974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506633,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Philip J.","contributorId":112028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Limpert, R.","contributorId":28707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limpert","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earnst, S.","contributorId":60352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sladen, W.","contributorId":75661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rothe, T.","contributorId":104870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothe","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5210555,"text":"5210555 - 1991 - Overview of the neotropical migratory bird problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210555","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Overview of the neotropical migratory bird problem","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program, Second Annual Meeting, October 21-23","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Madison, Wisconsin","collaboration":"Meeting date October 21-23, 1991, Madison, WS","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1991, Overview of the neotropical migratory bird problem, chap. <i>of</i> The Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program, Second Annual Meeting, October 21-23, p. 12-14.","productDescription":"84","startPage":"12","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210126,"text":"5210126 - 1991 - Use of Andean condors to enhance success of California condor reintroduction to the wild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of Andean condors to enhance success of California condor reintroduction to the wild","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici 22: Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-9 December 1990, volume IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board","publisherLocation":"Wellington","usgsCitation":"Wallace, M., and Wiley, J., 1991, Use of Andean condors to enhance success of California condor reintroduction to the wild, chap. <i>of</i> Acta Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici 22: Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-9 December 1990, volume IV, p. 2417-2422.","productDescription":"1953-2568","startPage":"2417","endPage":"2422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, M.P.","contributorId":66816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, J.","contributorId":35041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200219,"text":"5200219 - 1991 - The Way of the Wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5200219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The Way of the Wolf","language":"English","publisher":"Voyageur Press","publisherLocation":"Stillwater, MN","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 1991, The Way of the Wolf, 120.","productDescription":"120","numberOfPages":"120","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6498d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200192,"text":"5200192 - 1991 - Colonial Waterbird Information Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T19:37:20.232675","indexId":"5200192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Colonial Waterbird Information Service","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colonial Waterbird Society in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Hanners, L.A., Kinkel, L.K., and Clapp, R.B., 1991, Colonial Waterbird Information Service, 124 p.","productDescription":"124 p","numberOfPages":"124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanners, L. A.","contributorId":12585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanners","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinkel, L. K.","contributorId":25260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200105,"text":"5200105 - 1991 - Oil spills and living organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T21:04:46","indexId":"5200105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Oil spills and living organisms","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Agricultural Extension Service","publisherLocation":"College Station, Texas","collaboration":"OCLC:  26283371","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 1991, Oil spills and living organisms, 9.","productDescription":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267832,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/oilinla/pdfs/4014_Albers.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008153,"text":"1008153 - 1991 - Dolphin swimming: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-08T16:01:58.376761","indexId":"1008153","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2651,"text":"Mammal Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dolphin swimming: A review","docAbstract":"<p><span>Research into dolphin swimming has historically been guided by false assumptions of ‘effortless’, ‘high-speed’ swimming. These assumptions have instigated the development of drag-reduction hypotheses but tests of these hypotheses have generally had little success. The autecological approach has dominated recent efforts and has been more successful. In this review we summarize results of decades of research efforts to study these creatures. (1) Drag is minimized primarily by the streamlined shape of the body and appendages, with no known contributions from compliant dampening, dermal ridges, secretions, boundary layer heating, or skin folds. All indications are that the boundary layer is turbulent. (2) Muscles for the upstroke and downstroke of swimming dolphins provide approximately equal power. (3) Output force is enhanced by insertions occurring on the long processes of the vertebrae and on the subdermal connective tissue sheath. (4) Measured swimming speeds are lower than previously believed, with maximum reported routine speeds being approximately 3 m/s. (5) Porpoising behaviour appears to be the most energetically conservative manner in which to breathe when swimming at high speed. (6) Riding surf and wind waves involves the balance between the wave slope and the weight of the animal whereas riding the bow wave involves the interaction of the pressure wave in front of a ship and the drag of the dolphin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00292.x","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.E., and Hui, C.A., 1991, Dolphin swimming: A review: Mammal Review, v. 21, no. 4, p. 181-195, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00292.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b449d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, Frank E.","contributorId":23893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039452,"text":"70039452 - 1991 - Earth Science Information Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T11:32:28","indexId":"70039452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Earth Science Information Center","docAbstract":"An ESIC? An Earth Science Information Center. Don't spell it. Say it. ESIC. It rhymes with seasick. You can find information in an information center, of course, and you'll find earth science information in an ESIC. That means information about the land that is the Earth, the land that is below the Earth, and in some instances, the space surrounding the Earth. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of Earth Science Information Centers that sell earth science products and data. There are more than 75 ESIC's. Some are operated by the USGS, but most are in other State or Federal agencies. Each ESIC responds to requests for information received by telephone, letter, or personal visit. Your personal visit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039452","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Earth Science Information Center, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039452.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261586,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039452/report.pdf"},{"id":261587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039452/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0496e4b0c8380cd50a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039498,"text":"70039498 - 1991 - FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039498","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T09:55:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":358,"text":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","docAbstract":"The FOLD data base lists all Landsat scenes held by participating agencies. Duplicate scene listings are maintained when more than one agency holds identical scenes; this permits the user to select the most convenient site to obtain a copy. Copies of the listing are distributed by EDC to contributing agencies and other selected offices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","doi":"10.3133/70039498","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991: FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, vii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039498.","productDescription":"vii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"279","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261628,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report.pdf"},{"id":261629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7be4b0c8380cd5349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80068,"text":"ofr91594D - 1991 - Part D: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr91594D","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-594","chapter":"D","title":"Part D: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure.\r\n\r\nThe low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes.\r\n\r\nA pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth.\r\n\r\nThe geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr91594D","collaboration":"This research was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs in cooperation with the Hualapai Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., and Wenrich, K.J., 1991, Part D: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-594, Geochemical Data Files on 1 Diskette (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91594D.","productDescription":"Geochemical Data Files on 1 Diskette (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,34 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -109,37 ], [ -109,34 ], [ -115,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db698ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenrich, Karen J.","contributorId":19177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80067,"text":"ofr91594C - 1991 - Part C: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr91594C","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-594","chapter":"C","title":"Part C: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure.\r\n\r\nThe low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes.\r\n\r\nA pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth.\r\n\r\nThe geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr91594C","collaboration":"This research was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs in cooperation with the Hualapai Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., and Wenrich, K.J., 1991, Part C: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-594, Geochemical Data Files on 1 Diskette (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91594C.","productDescription":"Geochemical Data Files on 1 Diskette (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,34 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -109,37 ], [ -109,34 ], [ -115,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenrich, Karen J.","contributorId":19177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016499,"text":"70016499 - 1991 - Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T16:31:51.6434","indexId":"70016499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2732,"text":"Microchemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infrared spectroscopy has shown for the first time that the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite can absorb urea, (NH</span><sub>2</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO, under ambient conditions from either aqueous or ethanolic solutions. The two strongest NH stretching bands at 3441 and 3344 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in pure, solid urea shift to higher frequency (about 3504 and 3401 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) after absorption. Two of the four urea bands in the 1800-1300 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;range (at 1683 and 1467 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) undergo marked downward shifts to about 1670 and 1445 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The other two bands show little change in frequency. The strong band at 1602 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, however, diminishes in intensity to little more than an ill-defined shoulder on the 1626-cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;peak. When clinoptilolite is heated to 450 °C and then treated with molten urea (ca. 140 °C) for several minutes, and finally washed twice with ethanol to remove excess unreacted urea, further changes become apparent in the spectrum of the urea-treated clinoptilolite. The two NH stretching bands broaden without significant change in frequency. Two new bands appear in the midfrequency range at 1777 (weak) and 1719 (medium strong) cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Of the four original midfrequency peaks, the one at 1602 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;is now absent. Two others (1627 and 1440 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) exhibit little change, while the fourth has broadened and shifted down to 1663 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, where it appears as a shoulder on the band at 1627 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Both treatments clearly induce interaction between urea and the zeolite which seems to result in significant modifications in the nature of the hydrogen bonding of the substrate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0026-265X(91)90090-C","issn":"0026265X","usgsCitation":"Byler, D., Gerasimowicz, W., Stockette, V., and Eberl, D.D., 1991, Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite: Microchemical Journal, v. 44, no. 2, p. 130-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-265X(91)90090-C.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bc5e4b0c8380cd62822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byler, D.M.","contributorId":72134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byler","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerasimowicz, W.V.","contributorId":64810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerasimowicz","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockette, V.M.","contributorId":103797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockette","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016802,"text":"70016802 - 1991 - Dating lacustrine episodes in the eastern Sahara by the epimerization of isoleucine in ostrich eggshells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T16:26:35.645983","indexId":"70016802","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating lacustrine episodes in the eastern Sahara by the epimerization of isoleucine in ostrich eggshells","docAbstract":"<p><span>The eggshell of the African ostrich,&nbsp;</span><i>Struthio camelus</i><span>, closely approximates a closed system for the retention of indigenous proteinaceous residues. Epimerization of the protein amino acid isoleucine follows linear first-order kinetics in laboratory simulations nearly to racemic equilibrium, and the variation in D/L ratio within a single fragment, or between fragments of the same age, is significantly less than in other carbonate systems. These observations suggest that the extent of isoleucine epimerization (aIle/Ile ratio) in ostrich eggshell offers the potential for high-resolution geochronology of Quaternary deposits. From the simulation experiments, and dated early Holocene samples for which we have in situ mean annual sediment temperature measurements, Arrhenius parameters have been calculated; the activation energy is 30.33 kcal mol</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, similar to that of other carbonate systems.</span></p><p><span>We have measured the aIle/Ile ratio in ostrich eggshell associated with lacustrine episodes at Bir Tarfawi and Bir Sahara East, two depressions in what is currently the hyperarid eastern Sahara. The ratios can be used directly to indicate qualitatively the time represented by each series of lake sediment, and to correlate disjunct lacustrine deposits within and between the basins. Uranium-series disequilibrium dating of algal mats contained within some of the lake beds indicate that a major wet interval occurred about 130 ka ago. Using the U-series date for calibration, the amino acid ratios are used to date the most recent lacustrine interval to about 100 ka B.P., and two older intervals, one about 200 ± 25 ka B.P., and an older interval that occurred prior to 250 ka ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(91)90043-Q","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Miller, G.H., Wendorf, F., Ernst, R., Schild, R., Close, A., Friedman, I., and Schwarcz, H., 1991, Dating lacustrine episodes in the eastern Sahara by the epimerization of isoleucine in ostrich eggshells: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 84, no. 1-4, p. 175-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(91)90043-Q.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bir Sahara East, Bir Tarfawi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              21.86988861295208,\n              36.14380221724686\n            ],\n            [\n              21.86988861295208,\n              24.429848079456605\n            ],\n            [\n              37.00541334566299,\n              24.429848079456605\n            ],\n            [\n              37.00541334566299,\n              36.14380221724686\n            ],\n            [\n              21.86988861295208,\n              36.14380221724686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde0e4b0c8380cd4e9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G. 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