(1) Linear regression was used to relate snow accumulation during single and consecutive winters with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn:doe ratios, moose (Alces alces) twinning rates and calf:cow ratios, and annual changes in deer and moose populations. Significant relationships were found between snow accumulation during individual winters and these dependent variables during the following year. However, the strongest relationships were between the dependent variables and the sums of the snow accumulations over the previous three winters. The percentage of the variability explained was 36 to 51.
(2) Significant relationships were also found between winter vulnerability of moose calves and the sum of the snow accumulations in the current, and up to seven previous, winters, with about 49% of the variability explained.
(3) No relationship was found between wolf numbers and the above dependent variables.
(4) These relationships imply that winter influences on maternal nutrition can accumulate for several years and that this cumulative effect strongly determines fecundity and/or calf and fawn survivability. Although wolf (Canis lupus L.) predation is the main direct mortality agent on fawns and calves, wolf density itself appears to be secondary to winter weather in influencing the deer and moose populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/5072","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., McRoberts, R., Peterson, R.O., and Page, R., 1987, Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 56, no. 2, p. 615-627, https://doi.org/10.2307/5072.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6347fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McRoberts, R.E.","contributorId":56749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRoberts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, R. O.","contributorId":62175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, R.E.","contributorId":13714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222171,"text":"5222171 - 1987 - Blastomycosis in wild wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T17:16:22","indexId":"5222171","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blastomycosis in wild wolves","docAbstract":"Blastomycosis was fatal to a wild wolf in Minnesota, and serologic evidence of blastomycosis was found in a Wisconsin wolf. No unusual movements were detected in the Minnesota animal from October 1983 through October 1985. However, by early December 1985, this wolf was weak and debilitated, and it perished on 14 December after approaching a human residence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-23.2.321","usgsCitation":"Thiel, R.P., Mech, L.D., Ruth, G.R., Archer, J.R., and Kaufman, L., 1987, Blastomycosis in wild wolves: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 23, no. 2, p. 321-323, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-23.2.321.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-23.2.321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, 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\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a4e4b07f02db5c0cd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiel, Richard P.","contributorId":198181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruth, George R.","contributorId":45425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruth","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archer, John R.","contributorId":99262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, Leo","contributorId":69643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Leo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27265,"text":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":335696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222170,"text":"5222170 - 1987 - Cave gate designs for use in protecting endangered bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222170","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cave gate designs for use in protecting endangered bats","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and Seginak, J., 1987, Cave gate designs for use in protecting endangered bats: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 15, no. 3, p. 445-449.","productDescription":"445-449","startPage":"445","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17813,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782556","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222179,"text":"5222179 - 1987 - Ecology, behavior, and conservation of the Maui parrotbill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:15:21.269288","indexId":"5222179","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology, behavior, and conservation of the Maui parrotbill","docAbstract":"The distribution, habitat response, sexual dimorphism, foraging, breeding, and flocking behavior of Maui Parrotbills (Pseudonestor xanthophrys ) were studied over a five year period. The species' present range is confined to montane rainforest on eastern Maui, but dry lowland habitats on Maui and Molokai were occupied before Polynesian contact. Birds occurred from 1,250 to 2,150 m elevation, becoming most abundant at 1,750 to 2,000 m. In Kipahulu Valley, birds moved to lower elevations in some seasons. Birds tended to forage in the subcanopy and understory, with 66% of the prey captured 1 to 5 m above ground. Plant species use deviated from expectations based on availability. The most frequent means of prey capture was excavation for timber-boring insects in dead branches on live plants. Foraging accounted for 39% of the diurnal time budget; an average prey item appeared to account for 1% of the daily energy intake. The principal limiting factors appeared to be habitat loss, avian disease, habitat degradation, predation, and competition from exotic species. Control of pig populations is a needed management action.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368757","usgsCitation":"Mountainspring, S., 1987, Ecology, behavior, and conservation of the Maui parrotbill: Condor, v. 89, no. 1, p. 24-39, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368757.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol89/iss1/2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":196160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountainspring, Stephen","contributorId":22450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountainspring","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222164,"text":"5222164 - 1987 - Primary molt of California condors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:16:35.896559","indexId":"5222164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary molt of California condors","docAbstract":"Primary molt of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was studied intensively from 1982 through 1985, using repeated flight photographs of the remaining individuals in the wild population as a basis for most analyses. On the average, wild condors replaced 4.4 of the 8 emarginated primaries on each wing each year. The sepcific primaries molted were generally the ones missed in the previous year and were usually well-distributed among the eight possibilities, with a tendency for low-numbered primaries to molt earlier than high-numbered primaries. Within individuals, molt of one wing was commonly very different from that of the other wing. Primarily molt of captive juveniles was similar to that of wild juveniles. The interval from loss to full replacement of individual primary feathers was normally 3 1/2 to 4 months, with the primaries closest to the leading edge of the wing growing most slowly. Most primarities were shed between 1 February and 1 September. Primaries lost in late fall and early winter were not replaced until the following summer, indicating interrupted molt over the winter. In general, primary molt of the condor differs from that of smaller cathartids in being highly seasonal, highly variable in sequence, highly asymmetric between wings, and in following a roughly 2-year cycle. Molt of the condor shows many similarities to that of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) and to that of large accipitrid vultures.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368637","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Johnson, E., and Clendenen, D., 1987, Primary molt of California condors: Condor, v. 89, no. 3, p. 468-485, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368637.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503124,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol89/iss3/3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, E.V.","contributorId":39080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clendenen, D.A.","contributorId":90426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clendenen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222177,"text":"5222177 - 1987 - Nest-box use by prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) in riverine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5222177","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-box use by prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) in riverine habitat","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Petit, L.J., Fleming, W.J., Petit, K., and Petit, D.R., 1987, Nest-box use by prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) in riverine habitat: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 99, no. 3, p. 485-488.","productDescription":"485-488","startPage":"485","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17804,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v099n03/p0485-p0488.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petit, L. J.","contributorId":22053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petit, K.E.","contributorId":40298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petit","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petit, D. R.","contributorId":97865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224510,"text":"5224510 - 1987 - Snail kite nesting ecology in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T18:29:33.012218","indexId":"5224510","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1668,"text":"Florida Field Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snail kite nesting ecology in Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1987, Snail kite nesting ecology in Florida: Florida Field Naturalist, v. 15, no. 3, p. 57-70.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421465,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/134165"},{"id":198149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221543,"text":"5221543 - 1987 - Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T11:15:37.473456","indexId":"5221543","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381570","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Seal, U., 1987, Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 68, no. 4, p. 871-873, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381570.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6692a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220781,"text":"5220781 - 1987 - Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T17:35:30.40534","indexId":"5220781","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"Subsurface agricultural drainage waters from western San Joaquin Valley, California, were found to contain elevated concentrations of the element selenium in the form of selenate. In 1978, these drainage waters began to replace previous input to Kesterson Reservoir, a pond system within Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge; this substitution was completed by 1982. In the 1983 nesting season, unusual rates of deformity and death in embryos and hatchlings of wild aquatic birds (up to 64% of eared grebe and American coot nests) occurred at the refuge and were attributed to selenium toxicosis. Features necessary for contamination to have taken place included geologic setting, climate, soil type, availability of imported irrigation water, type of irrigation, and the unique chemical properties of selenium. The mechanisms of biogeochemical cycling raise questions about other ecosystems and human exposure.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01867247","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Ohlendorf, H.M., 1987, Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA: Environmental Management, v. 11, no. 6, p. 805-821, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867247.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"821","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -120.28930664062499,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 35.71975793933433\n ],\n [\n -119.43237304687499,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -118.99291992187499,\n 34.97600151317588\n ],\n [\n -118.707275390625,\n 35.380092992092145\n ],\n [\n -118.68530273437501,\n 35.79108281624994\n ],\n [\n -119.13574218749999,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 39.85072092501597\n ],\n [\n -122.01416015625,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -122.662353515625,\n 40.12009038025332\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 39.76632525654491\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -121.827392578125,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 37.91820111976663\n ],\n [\n -120.860595703125,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -120.50903320312501,\n 37.16907157713011\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, T. 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A total of 10,811 adult female Culiseta melanura were collected in light traps during 1985 from four locations in Maryland. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from 5 of 495 mosquito pools in African green monkey kidney and baby hamster kidney cell cultures. All five virus-infected pools were detected by the EIA, and all 490 uninfected pools were correctly scored as not containing virus. The EIA did not produce false positive or false negative results. Results support the assertion of previous researchers that the antigen detection EIA is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and simple alternative to traditional bioassays for the detection of EEE virus in mosquitoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Scott, T., Olson, J., Lewis, T., Carpenter, J.W., Lorenz, L., Lembeck, L., Joseph, S., and Pagac, B., 1987, A prospective field evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay: Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen in pools of Culiseta melanura: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, v. 3, no. 3, p. 412-417.","productDescription":"412-417","startPage":"412","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, T.W.","contributorId":84028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, J.G.","contributorId":14074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, T.E.","contributorId":55926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, J. 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Ambiguities arise when statistical designs are unbalanced, and in particular when not all combinations of design factors are represented in the data. This paper clarifies the relationship among hypothesis testing, statistical modelling and computing procedures in ANOVA for unbalanced data. A simple two-factor fixed effects design is used to illustrate three common parametrizations for ANOVA models, and some associations among these parametrizations are developed. Biologically meaningful hypotheses for main effects and interactions are given in terms of each parametrization, and procedures for testing the hypotheses are described. The standard statistical computing procedures in ANOVA are given along with their corresponding hypotheses. Throughout the development unbalanced designs are assumed and attention is given to problems that arise with missing cells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/asm.3150030403","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1987, The use of analysis of variance procedures in biological studies: Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, v. 3, no. 4, p. 207-226, https://doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150030403.","productDescription":"207-226","startPage":"207","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17817,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150030403","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223652,"text":"5223652 - 1987 - Apparent triploidy in the unisexual Brahminy blind snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T15:04:45","indexId":"5223652","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":739,"text":"American Museum Novitates","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent triploidy in the unisexual Brahminy blind snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wynn, A., Cole, C., and Gardner, A.L., 1987, Apparent triploidy in the unisexual Brahminy blind snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus: American Museum Novitates, v. 2868, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2868","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, A.H.","contributorId":24473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, C.J.","contributorId":23256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221524,"text":"5221524 - 1987 - Industrial, agricultural, and petroleum contaminants in cormorants wintering near the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-19T15:06:02.392748","indexId":"5221524","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial, agricultural, and petroleum contaminants in cormorants wintering near the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus ) collected in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA, in November shortly after their fall migration contained residues of several industrial, agricultural, and petroleum contaminants including polychlorinated styrenes (PCS's), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), DDE, and petroleum hydrocarbons. PCS concentrations in over-wintering birds collected in late February were three times higher than those in birds collected in November. PCB and petroleum concentrations remained at about the same level throughout the 3-month winter period. Petroleum hydrocarbons were present in all cormorants and residues in some individuals exceeded 25 ppm (wet weight). Mean DDE residues in samples collected in November and February were less than 1 ppm. Low concentrations of five other organochlorine compounds, not detected in cormorants collected in November, were recovered in birds collected in February.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521236","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., Stafford, C.J., Cain, B.W., Mueller, A., and Hall, H., 1987, Industrial, agricultural, and petroleum contaminants in cormorants wintering near the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 10, no. 1, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521236.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston Ship Channel","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eeacd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, B. W.","contributorId":89989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, A.J.","contributorId":40687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, H.D.","contributorId":18469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221546,"text":"5221546 - 1987 - Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T15:43:24.646979","indexId":"5221546","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater","docAbstract":"From 1981 to 1983, concentrations dfof metals were determined in mink Mustela vison, muskrats Ondatra zibethica, and small mammals at one contaminated site in Idaho and at two less contaminated sites in Idaho and Washington. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd occurred in samples from the Coeur d'Alene River system near or downstream from an extensive mining—smelting complex in northern Idaho. Maximum concentrations of Pb in the liver of a mink (22 μg g−1) and in pooled liver samples of both voles (Microtus spp., 5·8 μg g−1) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, 10·5 μg g−1) were higher than those inducing serious problems, including mortality, in experimental mammals on Pb-contaminated diets. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were generally low. Declines in certain mammal populations have probably occurred in northern Idah as a result of direct toxicity of metals and associated secondary effects on cover and food supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(87)90206-5","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Mulhern, B., 1987, Concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from Washington and Idaho: Environmental Pollution, v. 44, no. 4, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90206-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 48.9951277328021\n ],\n [\n -123.32647606906357,\n 48.9951277328021\n ],\n [\n -123.55199498635324,\n 46.8432758892566\n ],\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 47.1451929440245\n ],\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 48.9951277328021\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a489a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulhern, B.M.","contributorId":98683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221526,"text":"5221526 - 1987 - Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T00:04:15.170321","indexId":"5221526","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock","docAbstract":"Since 1982 when secondary poisoning of a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was documented following the recommended use of famphur applied topically to cattle, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has tested dead birds of prey for poisoning by famphur and other pouron organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity was first determined, then if ChE was depressed ≥50%, stomach and/or crop contents were evaluated for anti-ChE compounds. This report presents the circumstances surrounding the OP-caused deaths of eight bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), two red-tailed hawks, and one great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) between March 1984 and March 1985. OP poisoning of raptors by pour-on insecticides in the United States is widespread, but its magnitude is unknown.
The 24-h LD50 of Orthener̀ (active ingredient acephate, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, CAS 30560-19–1) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) was high (> 1,500 mg acephate/kg) and at least several times greater than the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (720 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after dosing, all surviving mice appeared behaviorally normal, but 9 of 30 surviving bats could not right themselves when placed on their backs. When dead and incapacitated bats were combined to calculate an ED50 (median effective dose), the resultant estimate (687 mg/kg) did not differ (p > 0.05) from the LD50 for mice. Serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity in control bats was 3.2 times greater than in mice. The relationship between this naturally high level of ChE and the relative tolerance of bats to organophosphorus insecticides is unexplained. Toxicity of Orthene was clearly less than that reported elsewhere for methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid o,o-dimethyl o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester, CAS 298–00-0). This finding may be useful in selection of a chemical for agricultural use, but conclusions about the safety of Orthene to this bat species, or to others, must remain tentative until confirmed by studies under field conditions. Because bats are long-lived with low reproductive rates and slow recruitment, any additional mortality in the wild could be critical to population survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620060908","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Rattner, B., 1987, Orthene® toxicity to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, coordination loss, and mortality: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 6, no. 9, p. 705-708, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620060908.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"708","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221530,"text":"5221530 - 1987 - Populations of trap-nesting wasps near a major source of fluoride emissions in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:50","indexId":"5221530","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Populations of trap-nesting wasps near a major source of fluoride emissions in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"Trap-nesting wasps were collected from eight sites at distances of from 1.2-33.0 km from an aluminum reduction plant in western Tennessee. The sites had similar topographies, soils, and vegetation, but differed in their exposure to fluoride, which was emitted in large quantities from the plant. It was postulated that if fluoride emissions had greatly changed the insect community then relative densities of their predators would have varied accordingly. However, the degree of fluoride pollution was unrelated to the relative densities of the wasps and to the number of cells provisioned with prey. Monobia quadridens, Trypargilum clavatum, and T. lactitarse were found to have two complete generations in western Tennessee. Trypargilum collinum rubrocinctum has at least two generations, and Euodynerus megaera probably has three generations. Six other wasp species and a megachilid bee were also collected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Miller, G., and Fleming, W.J., 1987, Populations of trap-nesting wasps near a major source of fluoride emissions in western Tennessee: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 89, no. 3, p. 478-482.","productDescription":"478-482","startPage":"478","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G.W.","contributorId":92377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220613,"text":"5220613 - 1987 - Analysis of survival data from telemetry projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:34","indexId":"5220613","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of survival data from telemetry projects","docAbstract":"Telemetry is an increasingly popular method for studying animal movements and habitat use. Telemetry provides a means for studying survival and causes of mortality. This paper describes some statistical techniques which can provide valid estimates of survival rates based on data from telemetry studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bunck, C., 1987, Analysis of survival data from telemetry projects: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 21, no. 4, p. 132-134.","productDescription":"132-134","startPage":"132","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17763,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v021n04/p00132-p00134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220618,"text":"5220618 - 1987 - Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T14:05:50","indexId":"5220618","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines","docAbstract":"1. A variety of biochemical measurements were taken periodically in captive northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus L.), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula L.) to determine whether baseline values remain sufficiently stable throughout the year for general clinical use in the absence of concurrent control specimens.
2. Variables included whole blood hemotacrit and hemoglobin, plasma lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alinine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, albumin, total protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and brain acetylcholinesterase. Butyrl- and acetylcholinesterase were included because of their specific uses in toxicology.
3. Significant seasonal differences were detected for each of the variables except brain acetylcholinesterase in at least one of the species. Significant species differences were detected during at least one season for all of the variables measured.
4. All species were maintained outdoors, but only northern bobwhites came into reproductive condition and showed sex-differences in the clinical variables during their normal breeding season.
5. It was concluded that reference values for the 18 clinical variables measured could be calculated from our data for adult specimens of the species studied, and that results for one species cannot be extrapolated with certainty to any other species.
6. Estimated normal bounds for each of the 18 variables measured by commonly used clinical procedures are presented for reproductively quiescent northern bobwhites, European starlings, red-winged blackbirds, and common grackles.
Pairs of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 1, 2, 4 or 8 ppm selenium in the form of seleno-DL-methionine. Ducklings from these pairs were fed an untreated diet from hatching through 6 d of age, at which time their avoidance of a fright stimulus was tested. Selenium had no effect on the ducklings' response to the fright stimulus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620061106","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., and Gold, L.G., 1987, Behavior of mallard ducklings from adults exposed to selenium: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 6, no. 11, p. 863-865, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620061106.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gold, Lyn G.","contributorId":12132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Lyn","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222187,"text":"5222187 - 1987 - Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T23:34:53.772755","indexId":"5222187","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Known reproductive problems, including congenital malformations and poor hatching success, exist for the state endangered Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Twenty Forster's tern eggs were collected from separate nests at (i) a natural colony with documented reproductive problems, situated at Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and (ii) an inland colony at Lake Poygan (control) where reproduction was documented as normal. Eggs from the two locations were placed in the same laboratory incubator and candled throughout incubation. Hatching success of Green Bay eggs was 52% of that for controls. Several early embryonic deaths occurred, but most mortality occurred close to the time of hatching. Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was elevated approximately threefold in Green Bay hatchlings compared to controls. Green Bay terns that hatched weighed less than controls, had an increased liver to body weight ratio, and had a shorter femur length. Two Green Bay embryos that failed to hatch had anomalies, one with a crossed beak and one with poor ossification of the foot. One Green Bay hatchling had an abnormally ossified ilium. These effects were observed in eggs where there were measureable levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducers including polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80019-1","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B.A., Sileo, L., Docherty, D., and Kubiak, T.J., 1987, Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan: Environmental Research, v. 42, no. 1, p. 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80019-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.42669677734375,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -86.7095947265625,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 44.984227835166486\n ],\n [\n -87.44842529296875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -88.01422119140625,\n 44.459270203098846\n ],\n [\n -88.165283203125,\n 44.53959000445632\n ],\n [\n -88.03619384765625,\n 44.78768327030475\n ],\n [\n -87.84942626953125,\n 45.02500920723146\n ],\n [\n -87.6214599609375,\n 45.26135531683856\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -87.10784912109375,\n 45.80391388619765\n ],\n [\n -87.0172119140625,\n 45.94542053059532\n ],\n [\n -86.8963623046875,\n 45.95878764035642\n ],\n [\n -86.5338134765625,\n 45.95878764035642\n ],\n [\n -86.4129638671875,\n 45.891919851282076\n ],\n [\n -86.42669677734375,\n 45.85176048817254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222200,"text":"5222200 - 1987 - Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:35:01.902679","indexId":"5222200","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","title":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","docAbstract":"Starlings were collected from 129 sites throughout the contiguous United States in the fall of 1982 and analyzed for organochlorine compounds as part of a nationwide monitoring program. Residues of 14 organochlorine compounds were found. Only DDE, polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide occurred in more than 50% of the 10-starling pools. Geographical variation in the occurrence of seven organochlorine compounds was noted. Mean DDE levels were higher in the southwestern United States. Mean PCB levels were higher in the eastern United States. The occurrence frequency of most organochlorines in 1982 was similar to that which was reported in the previous nationwide study in 1979. A slight increase in occurrence was noted for trans-nonachlor. Mean DDE level in 1982 was similar to that of 1979. Mean PCB level in 1982 was lower than the 1979 mean, but this change may not reflect a decrease in environmental PCB levels.
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