{"pageNumber":"4285","pageRowStart":"107100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165901,"records":[{"id":5210387,"text":"5210387 - 1987 - Genetic management of endangered species at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210387","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Genetic management of endangered species at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","docAbstract":"Summary: The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center conducts one of the world's largest and best-known research programs for captive propagation of endangered wildlife.  In order to be effective and to ensure the long-term survival of species, researchers at Patuxent attempt to manage captive populations according to the principles of population genetics.  This includes the use of estimated inbreeding levels for mate selections in Masked Bobwhites and biochemical analyses to measure extant genetic material and determine relationships among Whooping Cranes. As added insurance against catastrophic losses, or even random losses of key individuals representing unique lineages, cryopreservation of semen has been studied and used for some species.  Artificial insemination, using either stored or fresh semen, is used to improve fertility rates, thereby increasing the chances for survival of unique genetic lines.  Finally, a periodic influx of unrelated stock occurs, when feasible, in order to enhance the genetic base of captive populations.  The application of these techniques will ensure that future releases utilize genetically viable animals, thereby improving the potential for successful reintroductions into the wild.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds","publisherLocation":"North Hollywood, CA","collaboration":"OCLC: 15648917; 16639097; 35494588","usgsCitation":"Gabel, R.R., and Gee, G., 1987, Genetic management of endangered species at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the 2nd Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity. , p. 1-8.","productDescription":"xviii, 571","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aead8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabel, R. R.","contributorId":70500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210383,"text":"5210383 - 1987 - Distribution and effects of acidic deposition on wildlife and ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210383","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distribution and effects of acidic deposition on wildlife and ecosystems","docAbstract":"Acidic deposition occurs over most of the United States and the deposition patterns and theoretical vulnerabilities of aquatic ecosystems to chemical changes can be   delineated, but few data exist on concomitant biological effects. Hypothetical direct effects are limited primarily to toxicity of various heavy metals mobilized at reduced pH. Results of studies in Scandinavia suggest that aluminum interferes with avian reproduction near acidified lakes. Some amphibian populations located on acid-vulnerable substrates may be adversely affected by reduced pH in the vernal pools used for egg laying and larval growth. Indirect effects on populations are difficult to detect because few historical data exist for wildlife populations and trophic relationships in vulnerable areas. Current research in the U.S.A. focuses on measuring habitat characteristics, food availability, and avian use of  vulnerable wetland habitats. Results of Scandinavian studies suggest that some species of waterfowl may prefer acidified, I fish-free habitats because invertebrates essential for meeting nutritional requirements are more easily obtained in the absence of competition from fish. However, avian species dependent on fish would be absent from these habitats. Alteration of either the vegetative structure or primary productivity of wetlands might indirectly affect avian populations by causing decreased invertebrate productivity and consequent food limitations for birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983).  ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Veterinary Medicine","publisherLocation":"Ko?ice, Czechoslovakia","collaboration":"Actually published in 1987.  Only meeting year given on publication.","usgsCitation":"Stromborg, K., and Longcore, J.R., 1987, Distribution and effects of acidic deposition on wildlife and ecosystems, chap. <i>of</i> Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983).  , p. 221-232.","productDescription":"273","startPage":"221","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"273","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f5f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kaemar, Peter","contributorId":113783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemar","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506384,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legath, J.","contributorId":112511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legath","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506383,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210008,"text":"5210008 - 1987 - Trends in American kestrel counts from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Trends in American kestrel counts from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"A 15-year summary of the BBS data suggests that continental numbers of American Kestrels have increased during 1966-1979. According to analyses of physiographic and state/province strata, some areas are largely responsible for the increase in the U.S. and southern Canada and that only in Illinois and Arkansas have kestrels declined. BBS data are too few in Florida to detect trends concerning F. s. paulus.  Surveying on special Raptor Routes, on which volunteers looked specifically for raptors while retracing their BBS route, did not significantly increase the kestrel counts, but did improve detection rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Ancestral Kestrel:  Proceedings of a Symposium on Kestrel Species, St. Louis, Missouri, December 1st, 1983","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. and MacDonald Raptor Research Centre of McGill University","publisherLocation":"Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 3452_Fuller.pdf","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M., Bystrak, D., Robbins, C., and Patterson, R., 1987, Trends in American kestrel counts from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. <i>of</i> The Ancestral Kestrel:  Proceedings of a Symposium on Kestrel Species, St. Louis, Missouri, December 1st, 1983, p. 22-27.","productDescription":"vii, 178","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62678d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bird, David M.","contributorId":113524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505903,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Reed","contributorId":113045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"Reed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505902,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, R.M.","contributorId":102889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210092,"text":"5210092 - 1987 - Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes: Principles of treatment and prevention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T16:16:15","indexId":"5210092","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes: Principles of treatment and prevention","docAbstract":"<p>Little is known of the incidence and pathogenic effects of infectious and parasitic diseases in the world's 15 crane species. in addition to being a primary cause of crane morality, diseases increase the susceptibility of an animal to depredation, malnutrition, accidents, and other mortality factors and reduces its chances of survival during times of stress. Although the treatment and control of diseases of wild cranes is difficult, the management of captive cranes is becoming more and more successful through the use of intensive husbandry, preventative medicine, and parasite control programs. this paper describes some of the infectious and parasitic diseases of wild and captive cranes and outlines management principles for their control, especially in confinement.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1983 International Crane Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Crane Workshop","conferenceDate":"February, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Held in Bharatpur, India","language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","publisherLocation":"Baraboo, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., and Derrickson, S.R., 1987, Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes: Principles of treatment and prevention, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 1983 International Crane Workshop, Held in Bharatpur, India, February, 1983, p. 539-553.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"553","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/education/library/proceedings/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee9ac","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Archibald, George W.","contributorId":73705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505986,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pasquier, Roger F.","contributorId":112846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquier","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505987,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, James W.","contributorId":91518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derrickson, Scott R.","contributorId":102590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derrickson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210005,"text":"5210005 - 1987 - The use of kestrels in toxicology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The use of kestrels in toxicology","docAbstract":"Various species of kestrels have become important bioindicators of environmental quality and test species for comparative toxicology in captivity.  At least 7 species of kestrels have been used to document the presence of environmental contamination primarily organochlorines and metals, in at least 15 countries.  Captive kestrels have been used in studies involving a wide variety of environmental contaminants and toxicants examining: bioaccumulation; lethal toxicity using acute, chronic, and secondary exposures; effects on reproduction, eggshell thickness, and related enzyme systems; and effects on a wide variety of physiological and biochemical parameters.  Field studies have examined the response of kestrels to exposure to insecticides.  Kestrels should continue to play a vital role as a bioindicator and raptorial 'white mouse', especially because of their relationship to other falconiformes, several of which have been shown to be extremely sensitive to environmental changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Ancestral Kestrel: Proceedings of a Symposium on Kestrel Species, St. Louis, Missouri, December 1st, 1983","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. and MacDonald Raptor Research Centre of McGill University","publisherLocation":"Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 3546_Wiemeyer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., and Lincer, J., 1987, The use of kestrels in toxicology, chap. <i>of</i> The Ancestral Kestrel: Proceedings of a Symposium on Kestrel Species, St. Louis, Missouri, December 1st, 1983, p. 165-178.","productDescription":"vii, 178","startPage":"165","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62d0ae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bird, David M.","contributorId":113524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505899,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Reed","contributorId":112562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Reed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505898,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lincer, J.L.","contributorId":25262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lincer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210230,"text":"5210230 - 1987 - Winter movements of American black ducks in relation to natural and impounded wetlands in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Winter movements of American black ducks in relation to natural and impounded wetlands in New Jersey","docAbstract":"Radio telemetry was used to follow the movements and habitat use of female American Black ducks (Anas rubripes) trapped at Brigantine Division. Edwin B. Forsythe NWR (BNW) during three field seasons (1983-1896).  Use of the BNWR impoundments was strongly associated with open vs. closed hunting seasons and with presence or absence of ice cover. Black ducks primarily used the impoundments for daytime roost sites and fed in saltmarsh areas at night during the hunting season.    Following the hunting season use generally dispersed to saltmarsh and inland freshwater habitats. Freeze-up of the impoundments resulted in dispersal of black ducks to saltmarsh, inland freshwater, or areas to the south of New Jersey. We conclude that the BNWR impoundments only partially meet the habitat requirements of wintering black ducks.  Access to saltmarsh habitats for feeding, and to inland freshwater habitats during periods of hard freeze, may be critical. The utility of the BNWR impoundments to black ducks, needs to be considered in conjunction with the availability of these other important habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl and Wetlands Symposium:  Proceedings of a Symposium on Waterfowl and Wetlands Management in the Coastal Zone of the Atlantic Flyway","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Delaware Coastal Management Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Coastal Control","publisherLocation":"Dover, Delaware","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., Costanzo, G., and Stotts, D.B., 1987, Winter movements of American black ducks in relation to natural and impounded wetlands in New Jersey, chap. <i>of</i> Waterfowl and Wetlands Symposium:  Proceedings of a Symposium on Waterfowl and Wetlands Management in the Coastal Zone of the Atlantic Flyway, p. 31-45.","productDescription":"v, 522","startPage":"31","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e30fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Whitman, William R.","contributorId":111631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meredith, William H.","contributorId":113637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"William H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costanzo, G.R.","contributorId":17960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanzo","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210090,"text":"5210090 - 1987 - Waterfowl of Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T15:39:41.341637","indexId":"5210090","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Waterfowl of Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminant problems and management of living Chesapeake Bay resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, Pa.","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1987, Waterfowl of Chesapeake Bay, chap. <i>of</i> Contaminant problems and management of living Chesapeake Bay resources, p. 94-114.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.8770751953125,\n              39.6606850221923\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5911865234375,\n              39.44891948347229\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8328857421875,\n              39.07037913108751\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3492431640625,\n              38.732661120482334\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4591064453125,\n              38.33734763569314\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1844482421875,\n              37.97451499202459\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              37.861844098370945\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3931884765625,\n              37.470498470798724\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4261474609375,\n              37.33522435930639\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.75048828125,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7669677734375,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0418701171875,\n              36.760891249565624\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.47607421875,\n              37.87051721701939\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              38.758366935612784\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.970458984375,\n              39.031986028740086\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              39.54217596171196\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8770751953125,\n              39.6606850221923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4baa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, L.W. Jr.","contributorId":114089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"L.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505983,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, H.M.","contributorId":113724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew 0000-0001-6452-9534 mperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":179173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":327766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210229,"text":"5210229 - 1987 - Seasonal metabolic and reproductive cycles in wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210229","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Seasonal metabolic and reproductive cycles in wolves","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"W. Junk Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, The Netherlands","collaboration":"OCLC:  13903284.  Based on an international conference hosted by University of Michigan, Flint, Oct. 1981.","usgsCitation":"Seal, U., Plotka, E., Mech, L., and Packard, J., 1987, Seasonal metabolic and reproductive cycles in wolves, chap. <i>of</i> Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research, p. 109-125.","productDescription":"xviii, 439","startPage":"109","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc40c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Frank, Harry","contributorId":114049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plotka, E.D.","contributorId":89248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotka","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Packard, J.M.","contributorId":59752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210002,"text":"5210002 - 1987 - Acid rain effects on waterfowl: Use of black duck broods to assess food resources of experimentally acidified wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Acid rain effects on waterfowl: Use of black duck broods to assess food resources of experimentally acidified wetlands","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Value of Birds.  ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Council for Bird Preservation","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, England","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Chu, D.S., 1987, Acid rain effects on waterfowl: Use of black duck broods to assess food resources of experimentally acidified wetlands, chap. <i>of</i> The Value of Birds.  , p. 173-181.","productDescription":"vi, 276","startPage":"173","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2543","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Diamond, A.W.","contributorId":113317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505893,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filion, F.L.","contributorId":111710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filion","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505892,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Diane S.","contributorId":7378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170458,"text":"70170458 - 1987 - Arkansas black bear hunter survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T19:28:58","indexId":"70170458","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arkansas black bear hunter survey","docAbstract":"<p>Questionnaires were mailed to black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) hunters in Arkansas following the 1980-84 bear seasons to determine participation, hunter success, and number of bears observed by hunters. Man-days of hunting to harvest a bear ranged from 148 to 671 and hunter success ranged from 0.4% to 2.2%. With the exception of 1980, number of permits issued, man-days of bear hunting, and bears harvested appear affected by hunting permit cost.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Pharris, L.D., and Clark, J.D., 1987, Arkansas black bear hunter survey: Ursus, v. 7, p. 373-375.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol7"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a834e4b0ef3b7caba49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pharris, Larry D.","contributorId":168790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pharris","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039411,"text":"70039411 - 1987 - Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039411","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-23T13:26:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1987","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039411","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1987: General Information Product, iv, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039411.","productDescription":"iv, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261562,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039411/report.pdf"},{"id":261563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039411/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd170e4b08c986b32f41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80370,"text":"fwsobs82_10_141 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Snapping turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:53:48.720408","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_141","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.141","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Snapping turtle","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Graves, B.M., and Anderson, S.H., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Snapping turtle: FWS/OBS 82/10.141, viii, 18 p.","productDescription":"viii, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Brent M.","contributorId":101338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Stanley H.","contributorId":68361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80352,"text":"fwsobs82_10_154 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Osprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:57:44.037457","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_154","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.154","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Osprey","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the osprey (Pandion haliaetus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Vana-Miller, S.L., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Osprey: FWS/OBS 82/10.154, viii, 46 p.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ec07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vana-Miller, Sandra L.","contributorId":61105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vana-Miller","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80354,"text":"fwsobs82_10_135 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":36561,"text":"fwsobs82_10_19 - 1982 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_19","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":80354,"text":"fwsobs82_10_135 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_135","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:55:58.953345","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_135","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.135","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat\r\nSuitability Index (HSI) model for the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gray squirrel: FWS/OBS 82/10.135, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64994e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80341,"text":"fwsobs82_10_137 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lark bunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:10:20.788861","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_137","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.137","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lark bunting","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Finch, D.M., Anderson, S.H., and Hubert, W.A., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lark bunting: FWS/OBS 82/10.137, vii, 16 p.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64986a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, Deborah M.","contributorId":59894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Stanley H.","contributorId":68361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":80349,"text":"fwsobs82_10_145 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:58:42.878177","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_145","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.145","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the northern pintail (Anas acuta). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Suchy, W.J., and Anderson, S.H., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail: FWS/OBS 82/10.145, viii, 23 p.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchy, Willie J.","contributorId":22054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchy","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Stanley H.","contributorId":68361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80346,"text":"fwsobs82_10_155 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Moose, Lake Superior region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:07:56.325508","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_155","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.155","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Moose, Lake Superior region","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the moose (Alces alces). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., Jordan, P.A., and Terrell, J.W., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Moose, Lake Superior region: FWS/OBS 82/10.155, viii, 47 p.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Peter A.","contributorId":61527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":80347,"text":"fwsobs82_10_148 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskellunge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:59:15.704952","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_148","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.148","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskellunge","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy Mitchell). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cook, M., and Solomon, R.C., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Muskellunge: FWS/OBS 82/10.148, vi, 33 p.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Mark F.","contributorId":106587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Mark F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, R. Charles","contributorId":32585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80345,"text":"fwsobs82_10_139 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Marsh wren","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:09:47.193388","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_139","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.139","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Marsh wren","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K.J., and Anderson, S.H., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Marsh wren: FWS/OBS 82/10.139, viii, 13 p.","productDescription":"viii, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, Kevin J.","contributorId":101923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Stanley H.","contributorId":68361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80313,"text":"fwsobs82_10_131 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Forster's tern (breeding) - Gulf and Atlantic coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:12:07.745464","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_131","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.131","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Forster's tern (breeding) - Gulf and Atlantic coasts","docAbstract":"<p>The nesting range of Forster's terns hosts three allopatric breeding populations. The first and most important breeding area, in terms of the number of nes t i ng pairs, includes the western guIf coas t from the Louisiana-Mississippi border to northern Tamaulipas, Mexico (American Ornithologists' Union [AOUJ 1983). In addition, small numbers of Forster's terns have nested in Mobile County, Alabama (Imhof 1976). Although this species has not been recorded nesting in Mississippi (J. Jackson, Mississippi State University, Starkville; pers. comm.), it is observed in the coastal regions of that State every summer, and several thousand nest in adjacent Louisiana (Portnoy 1977; Clapp et ale 1983). The two largest colonies of Forster's terns documented in the literature were both in Louisiana: one of 2,750 pairs in Lake Borgne on the Louisiana-Mississippi border and one of 2,263 pairs in Calcasieu Lake (Portnoy 1977).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Martin, R.P., and Zwank, P.J., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Forster's tern (breeding) - Gulf and Atlantic coasts: FWS/OBS 82/10.131, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64988e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Richard P.","contributorId":7372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwank, Phillip J.","contributorId":11287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80322,"text":"fwsobs82_10_140 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Greater sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:11:29.926389","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_140","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.140","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Greater sandhill crane","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, M.J., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Greater sandhill crane: FWS/OBS 82/10.140, v. 82, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Idaho, Montana","county":"WISCONSIN","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.77001953125,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34228515625,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.99072265625,\n              42.342305278572816\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4853515625,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.4521484375,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.51806640624999,\n              46.027481852486645\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8916015625,\n              46.118941506107056\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1552734375,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0341796875,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75830078125,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              48.60385760823255\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27294921875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.48193359375,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.77001953125,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              44.902577996288876\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58593749999999,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.12695312499999,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.42431640625,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8310546875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8310546875,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.42431640625,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.42431640625,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64985f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Michael J.","contributorId":16884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80312,"text":"fwsobs82_10_142 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Plains sharp-tailed grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:12:41.824263","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_142","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.142","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Plains sharp-tailed grouse","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the plains sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Prose, B.L., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Plains sharp-tailed grouse: FWS/OBS 82/10.142, viii, 31 p.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64979c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Bart L.","contributorId":29521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Bart","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80324,"text":"fwsobs82_10_146 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hairy woodpecker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:10:55.343943","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_146","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.146","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hairy woodpecker","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sousa, P.J., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Hairy woodpecker: FWS/OBS 82/10.146, vi, 19 p.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sousa, Patrick J.","contributorId":19206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sousa","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015249,"text":"70015249 - 1987 - The phytoplankton component of seston in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T16:11:32.512977","indexId":"70015249","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2853,"text":"Netherlands Journal of Sea Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The phytoplankton component of seston in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phytoplankton biomass (as carbon) was estimated from chlorophyll&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;concentrations (Chl</span><i>a</i><span>) and a mean value for the ratio of phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;in San Francisco Bay. The ratio was determined as the slope of a Model II regression of POC' against (Chl</span><i>a</i><span>), where POC' is total particulate organic carbon minus sediment-associated non-phytoplankton carbon. Samples from 30 fixed sites in the channel and lateral shoals of San Francisco Bay were collected once or twice a month from April to November 1980, and at irregular intervals in South Bay during 1984 and 1985. For all data the calculated mean value of phytoplankton C:Chl</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;was 51 (95% confidence interval = 47–54). No significant differences were found in the C:Chl</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;ratio between shallow and deep sites (where light availability differs) or between northern and southern San Francisco Bay (where phytoplankton community composition differs). Using the mean C:Chl</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;ratio of 51, we calculated that phytoplankton biomass constitutes about one third of seston carbon under most circumstances, but this fraction ranges from about 95% during phytoplankton blooms to less than 20% during spring periods of low phytoplankton biomass and high suspended sediment concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0077-7579(87)90020-2","issn":"00777579","usgsCitation":"Wienke, S., and Cloern, J., 1987, The phytoplankton component of seston in San Francisco Bay: Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, v. 21, no. 1, p. 25-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(87)90020-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75688629121268,\n              38.13697712688091\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75688629121268,\n              37.41058731586716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70443147007661,\n              37.41058731586716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70443147007661,\n              38.13697712688091\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75688629121268,\n              38.13697712688091\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae99e4b08c986b3241e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wienke, S.M.","contributorId":89902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wienke","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014794,"text":"70014794 - 1987 - North American nonmarine climates and vegetation during the Late Cretaceous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T15:47:34.921436","indexId":"70014794","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American nonmarine climates and vegetation during the Late Cretaceous","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analyses of physiognomy of Late Cretaceous leaf assemblages and of structural adaptations of Late Cretaceous dicotyledonous woods indicate that megathermal vegetation was an open-canopy, broad-leaved evergreen woodland that existed under low to moderate amounts of rainfall evenly distributed through the year, with a moderate increase at about 40–45°N. Many dicotyledons were probably large, massive trees, but the tallest trees were evergreen conifers. Megathermal climate extended up to paleolatitude 45–50°N. Mesothermal vegetation was at least partially an open, broad-leaved evergreen woodland (perhaps a mosaic of woodland and forest), but the evapotranspirational stress was less than in megathermal climate. Some dicotyledons were large trees, but most were shrubs or small trees; evergreen conifers were the major tree element. Some mild seasonality is evidenced in mesothermal woods; precipitational levels probably varied markedly from year to year. Northward of approximately paleolatitude 65°N, evergreen vegetation was replaced by predominantly deciduous vegetation. This replacement is presumably related primarily to seasonality of light. The southern part of the deciduous vegetation probably existed under mesothermal climate. Comparisons to leaf and wood assemblages from other continents are generally consistent with the vegetational-climatic patterns suggested from North American data. Limited data from equatorial regions suggest low rainfall.</span></p><p><span>Late Cretaceous climates, except probably those of the Cenomanian, had only moderate change through time. Temperatures generally appear to have warmed into the Santonian, cooled slightly into the Campanian and more markedly into the Maastrichtian, and then returned to Santonian values by the late Maastrichtian. The early Eocene was probably warmer than any period of the Late Cretaceous. Latitudinal temperature gradients were lower than at present. For the Campanian and Maastrichtian, a gradient of about 0.3°C/1° latitude is inferred. Equability was high: a mean annual range of temperature of about 8°C is inferred for paleolatitude 51–56°N during the Campanian.</span></p><p><span>Most Late Cretaceous plants evolved in a climate characterized by absence of freezing and low to moderate amounts of precipitation. A brief, low-temperature excursion and a major, long-lasting increase in precipitation occurred at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. In megathermal climates, these events selected for plants that could exist in rainforest environments. In mesothermal climates, deciduousness and contamitant structural adaptations were selected. The events at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary had a major and long-lasting impact on the evolution of land plants and their ecosystems.</span></p><p><span>Low precipitation at low to middle Late Cretaceous latitudes is suggested to be the result of high levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, which, in turn, are probably related to inability of warm, saline oceans to store large amounts of carbon. Conditions appear to have rapidly changed at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, when oceanic circulation and stratification may have been fundamentally altered. After the boundary, the oceans were apparently able to store much greater amounts of carbon, and the oceans withdrew large amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;from the atmosphere. In turn, more precipitation fell at low to middle latitudes; the resulting high-biomass vegetation formed a second major carbon reservoir to keep atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;low relative to the Late Cretaceous. Changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation probably resulted from some factor external to the ocean-atmosphere system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(87)90040-X","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., and Upchurch, G., 1987, North American nonmarine climates and vegetation during the Late Cretaceous: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 61, p. 33-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(87)90040-X.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67e8e4b0c8380cd73517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upchurch, G.R. Jr.","contributorId":70546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upchurch","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}