Benthic macrofauna were collected during September 1986 to evaluate locations for long-term monitoring stations as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Effects Monitoring Program in San Francisco Bay, California. Three to ten replicate samples were collected with a modified Van Veen sampler (0.05 m2 area) at ten locations. One box core sample (0.06 m2 area) was collected at seven to the ten locations. Six of the box core samples were split into an upper 10 cm sample and a deeper sample before analysis. Macrofauna specimens were identified to the lowest possible taxon, usually genus and species, then counted. An average of 88 percent of the benthic macrofauna specimens were identified to the species level. The fraction identified varied among stations from 54 to 98 percent. Nematodes and oligochaetes accounted for most of the unidentified specimens. Relative to the total number of species identified in five replicates at each location, an average of 90 percent of the species were collected with three replicates. In general, species with high to moderate abundances were present in all replicates, and species collected only after three or more replicates averaged less than one specimen per replicate. Results from the box cores showed that the dominant species were most abundant in the upper 10 cm, the depth of sediment that can be adequately sampled with a modified Van Veen sampler. On the basis of the number of species and their abundances at each location, seven of the ten locations were selected for sampling in the regular program, which began in March 1987.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95291","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., Thompson, J., Harmon, J., and Yost, B.T., 1995, Benthic macrofauna data for San Francisco Bay, California, September 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-291, iii, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95291.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46032,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0291/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.83288574218749,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.83288574218749,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.38761749978395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3ae4b07f02db61dffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, J.G.","contributorId":90753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yost, B. T.","contributorId":19178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yost","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185714,"text":"70185714 - 1995 - Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:30:11","indexId":"70185714","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river","docAbstract":"Organochlorine contaminants sequestered in lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were compared to those found in tangential-flow ultrafilter permeates as part of a pilot study at 10 sites in the Upper Mississippi River system. Caged and feral fish from three primary sites were also analyzed for comparison. Concentrated organochlorine (OC) compounds were readily extracted from the SPMDs by dialysis into hexane, and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Fish and water samples were processed by conventional methods. Reasonable agreement was found between analyte SPMD-derived water concentrations and measured values of ultrafilter permeates; however, concentrations of the same analytes in caged fish did not appear to be proportional to water concentrations derived from SPMDs and ultrafilter permeates. The greatest number of OC compounds was detected in SPMDs; fewer were detected in caged fish and feral fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620141109","usgsCitation":"Ellis, G.S., Rostad, C.E., Huckins, J.N., Schmitt, C.J., and MacCarthy, P., 1995, Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 11, p. 1875-1884, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620141109.","productDescription":"10 p. 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cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacCarthy, Patrick","contributorId":29027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185325,"text":"70185325 - 1995 - An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:56:08","indexId":"70185325","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate","docAbstract":"We present an empirical model that describes the ratio of phytoplankton chlorophyll a to carbon, Chl: C, as a function of temperature, daily irradiance, and nutrient-limited growth rate. Our model is based on 219 published measurements of algal cultures exposed to light-limited or nutrient-limited growth conditions. We illustrate an approach for using this estimator of Chl: C to calculate phytoplankton population growth rate from measured primary productivity. This adaptive Chl: C model gives rise to interactive light-nutrient effects in which growth efficiency increases with nutrient availability under low-light conditions. One implication of this interaction is the enhancement of phytoplankton growth efficiency, in addition to enhancement of biomass yield, as a response to eutrophication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Grenz, C., and Vidergar-Lucas, L., 1995, An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1313-1321, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1321","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grenz, Christian","contributorId":189559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenz","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidergar-Lucas, Lisa","contributorId":189560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidergar-Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185316,"text":"70185316 - 1995 - Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:06:58","indexId":"70185316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","docAbstract":"A mathematical model is presented that simulates the transport and reaction of any number of gaseous phase constituents (e.g. CO2, O2, N2, and hydrocarbons) in unsaturated porous media. The model was developed as part of a method to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation associated with natural cleansing at petroleum product spill sites. The one-dimensional model can be applied to analyze data from column experiments or from field sites where gas transport in the unsaturated zone is approximately vertical. A coupled, non-Fickian constitutive relation between fluxes and concentration gradients, together with the capability of incorporating heterogeneity with respect to model parameters, results in model applicability over a wide range of experimental and field conditions. When applied in a calibration mode, the model allows for the determination of constituent production/consumption rates as a function of the spatial coordinate. Alternatively, the model can be applied in a predictive mode to obtain the distribution of constituent concentrations and fluxes on the basis of assumed values of model parameters and a biodegradation hypothesis. Data requirements for the model are illustrated by analyzing data from a column experiment designed to determine the aerobic degradation rate of toluene in sediments collected from a gasoline spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02077","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 1995, Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2877-2882, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02077.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2877","endPage":"2882","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185355,"text":"70185355 - 1995 - Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:55:21","indexId":"70185355","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments","docAbstract":"A plausible and consistent model is developed to obtain a quantitative description of the gradual disappearance of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from groundwater in a small-scale field tracer test and in batch kinetic experiments using aquifer sediments under similar chemical conditions. The data exhibit three distinct timescales. Fast reduction occurs in well-stirred batch reactors in times much less than 1 hour and is followed by slow reduction over a timescale of the order of 2 days. In the field, reduction occurs on a timescale of the order of 8 days. The model is based on the following hypotheses. The chemical reduction reaction occurs very fast, and the longer timescales are caused by diffusion resistance. Diffusion into the secondary porosity of grains causes the apparent slow reduction rate in batch experiments. In the model of the field experiments, the reducing agent, heavy Fe(II)-bearing minerals, is heterogeneously distributed in thin strata located between larger nonreducing sand lenses that comprise the bulk of the aquifer solids. It is found that reducing strata of the order of centimeters thick are sufficient to contribute enough diffusion resistance to cause the observed longest timescale in the field. A one-dimensional advection/dispersion model is formulated that describes the major experimental trends. Diffusion rates are estimated in terms of an elementary physical picture of flow through a stratified medium containing identically sized spherical grains. Both reduction and sorption reactions are included. Batch simulation results are sensitive to the fraction of reductant located at or near the surface of grains, which controls the amount of rapid reduction, and the secondary porosity, which controls the rate of slow reduction observed in batch experiments. Results of Cr(VI) transport simulations are sensitive to the thickness and relative size of the reducing stratum. Transport simulation results suggest that nearly all of the reductant must be located in the reducing stratum. Within this context and as long as there is adequate reductive capacity present, the transport simulation results are insensitive to the parameters important for the batch simulations. The results illustrate how a combination of field measurements and batch laboratory studies can be used to improve predictive modeling of contaminant transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02104","usgsCitation":"Friedly, J., Davis, J., and Kent, D., 1995, Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2783-2794, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02104.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"2783","endPage":"2794","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedly, J.C.","contributorId":189596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedly","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18375,"text":"ofr95372 - 1995 - Characterizing water quality in the North Fork-Fall Creek Hydrologic Unit Area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T19:12:13.256494","indexId":"ofr95372","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-372","title":"Characterizing water quality in the North Fork-Fall Creek Hydrologic Unit Area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The North Fork-Fall Creek Watershed in Bedford County, Tennessee is a karst terrain with a complex interconnection between ground water and the surface water-drainage network. Multiple sources of agricultural and domestic contamination make the effective design of best management practices difficult. Ongoing investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey and several county, State, and Federal agricultural agencies are attempting to refine source identification and improve the effectiveness of best management practices in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95372","usgsCitation":"Byl, T., and Mattraw, H., 1995, Characterizing water quality in the North Fork-Fall Creek Hydrologic Unit Area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-372, 2 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95372.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1098,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr_95-372/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byl, Thomas Duane","contributorId":65491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattraw, H. C.","contributorId":45712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"H. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16988,"text":"ofr95156 - 1995 - Collection of short papers on Beaver Creek watershed studies in West Tennessee, 1989-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T15:29:53.205243","indexId":"ofr95156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-156","title":"Collection of short papers on Beaver Creek watershed studies in West Tennessee, 1989-94","docAbstract":"In 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey began a scientific investigation to evaluate the effect of agricultural activities on water quality and the effectiveness of agricultural best management practices in the Beaver Creek watershed, West Tennessee. The project is being conducted jointly with other Federal, State, county agencies, the farming community, and academic institutions, in support of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Hydrologic Unit Area program. The Beaver Creek project has evolved into a long-term watershed assessment and monitoring program. In 1991, a grant was received to develop and evaluate sampling strategies for higher order streams. During the summer of 1992, a reconnaissance of water-quality conditions for the shallow aquifers in Shelby, Tipton, Fayette, and Haywood Counties was conducted and included 89 domestic wells in the Beaver Creek watershed. Results from this effort lead to the development of a 1-year program to evaluate cause- and-effect relations that can explain the observed water-quality conditions for the shallow aquifers in the watershed. In 1992 the USGS, in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service and the Shelby County Soil Conservation District, began an evaluation of in-stream processes and in-stream resource-management systems. In 1993, a biomonitoring program was established in the watershed. This collection of eight articles and abstracts was originally published in the American Water Resources Association National Symposium on Water Quality Proceedings for the national conference held in Chicago in 1994 and describes what has been learned in the study to date.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95156","usgsCitation":"Doyle, W.H., and Baker, E.G., 1995, Collection of short papers on Beaver Creek watershed studies in West Tennessee, 1989-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-156, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95156.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr_95-156/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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(compiler)","contributorId":71997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"Harry.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Eva G.","contributorId":12867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Eva","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185366,"text":"70185366 - 1995 - Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:52:15","indexId":"70185366","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river","docAbstract":"More than 95% of the water in the South Platte River downstream from the largest wastewater treatment plant serving the metropolitan Denver, Colorado, area consists of treated effluent during some periods of low flow. Fluctuations in effluent-discharge rates caused daily changes in river stage that promoted exchange of water between the river and bottom sediments. Groundwater discharge measurements indicated fluxes of water across the sediment-water interface as high as 18 m3 s−1 km−1. Laboratory experiments indicated that downward movement of surface water through bottom sediments at velocities comparable to those measured in the field (median rate ≈0.005 cm s−1) substantially increased dissolved oxygen uptake rates in bottom sediments (maximum rate 212 ± 10 μmol O2 L−1 h−1) compared with rates obtained when no vertical advective flux was generated (maximum rate 25 ± 8.8 μmol O2 L−1 h−1). Additions of dissolved ammonium to surface waters generally increased dissolved oxygen uptake rates relative to rates measured in experiments without ammonium. However, the magnitude of the advective flux through bottom sediments had a greater effect on dissolved oxygen uptake rates than did the availability of ammonium. Results from this study indicated that efforts to improve dissolved oxygen dynamics in effluent-dominated rivers might include stabilizing daily fluctuations in river stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02106","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Tindall, J., Collins, J., Lull, K., and Nuttle, J., 1995, Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2561-2569, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02106.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"2561","endPage":"2569","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.86587524414062,\n 39.953964380766394\n ],\n [\n -104.84527587890625,\n 39.93343343839839\n ],\n [\n -104.78622436523436,\n 40.0013199623656\n ],\n [\n -104.8037338256836,\n 40.14161503577775\n ],\n [\n -104.80236053466795,\n 40.25463862134722\n ],\n [\n -104.85523223876953,\n 40.270881732382215\n ],\n [\n -104.88372802734375,\n 40.27533480732468\n ],\n [\n -104.87926483154297,\n 40.25542466812209\n ],\n [\n -104.85694885253905,\n 40.16995417975561\n ],\n [\n -104.86587524414062,\n 39.953964380766394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f8290e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, J.A.","contributorId":72412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lull, K.J.","contributorId":19591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lull","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nuttle, J.R.","contributorId":189602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185380,"text":"70185380 - 1995 - A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:46:11","indexId":"70185380","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","docAbstract":"An aerial spray droplets' transport model has been developed by applying recent advances in Lagrangian stochastic simulation of heavy particles. A two-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic model was adopted to simulate the spray droplet dispersion in atmospheric turbulence by adjusting the Lagrangian integral time scale along the drop trajectory. The other major physical processes affecting the transport of spray droplets above a forest canopy, the aircraft wingtip vortices and the droplet evaporation, were also included in each time step of the droplets' transport.
The model was evaluated using data from an aerial spray field experiment. In generally neutral stability conditions, the accuracy of the model predictions varied from run-to-run as expected. The average root-mean-square error was 24.61 IU cm−2, and the average relative error was 15%. The model prediction was adequate in two-dimensional steady wind conditions, but was less accurate in variable wind condition. The results indicated that the model can simulate successfully the ensemble; average transport of aerial spray droplets under neutral, steady atmospheric wind conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., and McManus, M.L., 1995, A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yansen","contributorId":189613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yansen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David R.","contributorId":189614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25429,"text":"wri944191 - 1995 - Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T12:48:57","indexId":"wri944191","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4191","title":"Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944191","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Barber, L.B., Rostad, C., and Noyes, T., 1995, Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4191, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944191.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -92.7685546875,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noyes, T.I.","contributorId":54971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31715,"text":"ofr95316 - 1995 - Hydrologic basins and hydrologic-monitoring sites of Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr95316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-316","title":"Hydrologic basins and hydrologic-monitoring sites of Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95316","usgsCitation":"Cartier, K.D., Peltz, L.A., and Long, K., 1995, Hydrologic basins and hydrologic-monitoring sites of Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-316, 1 map :col. ;114 x 56 cm., on sheet 127 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95316.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;114 x 56 cm., on sheet 127 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":59941,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0316/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68392e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartier, Kenn D.","contributorId":39766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartier","given":"Kenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":206795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, K.F.","contributorId":58318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26764,"text":"wri954012 - 1995 - A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T11:17:19","indexId":"wri954012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4012","title":"A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","docAbstract":"This report introduces MACPUMP (Version 1.0), an aquifer-test-analysis package for use with Macintosh4 computers. The report outlines the input- data format, describes the solutions encoded in the program, explains the menu-items, and offers a tutorial illustrating the use of the program. The package reads list-directed aquifer-test data from a file, plots the data to the screen, generates and plots type curves for several different test conditions, and allows mouse-controlled curve matching. MACPUMP features pull-down menus, a simple text viewer for displaying data-files, and optional on-line help windows. This version includes the analytical solutions for nonleaky and leaky confined aquifers, using both type curves and straight-line methods, and for the analysis of single-well slug tests using type curves. An executable version of the code and sample input data sets are included on an accompanying floppy disk.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954012","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Person, M., and Konikow, L.F., 1995, A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4012, iv, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954012.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21386,"text":"ofr95123 - 1995 - Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:53:40","indexId":"ofr95123","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-123","title":"Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Two approaches were used to estimate future lake-level probabilities for Devils Lake. The first approach is based on an annual lake-volume model, and the second approach is based on a statistical water mass-balance model that generates seasonal lake volumes on the basis of seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow.
Autoregressive moving average models were used to model the annual mean lake volume and the difference between the annual maximum lake volume and the annual mean lake volume. Residuals from both models were determined to be uncorrelated with zero mean and constant variance. However, a nonlinear relation between the residuals of the two models was included in the final annual lake-volume model.
Because of high autocorrelation in the annual lake levels of Devils Lake, the annual lakevolume model was verified using annual lake-level changes. The annual lake-volume model closely reproduced the statistics of the recorded lake-level changes for 1901-93 except for the skewness coefficient However, the model output is less skewed than the data indicate because of some unrealistically large lake-level declines.
The statistical water mass-balance model requires as inputs seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for Devils Lake. Analysis of annual precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for 1950-93 revealed no significant trends or long-range dependence so the input time series were assumed to be stationary and short-range dependent.
Normality transformations were used to approximately maintain the marginal probability distributions; and a multivariate, periodic autoregressive model was used to reproduce the correlation structure. Each of the coefficients in the model is significantly different from zero at the 5-percent significance level. Coefficients relating spring inflow from one year to spring and fall inflows from the previous year had the largest effect on the lake-level frequency analysis.
Inclusion of parameter uncertainty in the model for generating precipitation, evaporation, and inflow indicates that the upper lake-level exceedance levels from the water mass-balance model are particularly sensitive to parameter uncertainty. The sensitivity in the upper exceedance levels was caused almost entirely by uncertainty in the fitted probability distributions of the quarterly inflows. A method was developed for using long-term streamflow data for the Red River of the North at Grand Forks to reduce the variance in the estimated mean.
Comparison of the annual lake-volume model and the water mass-balance model indicates the upper exceedance levels of the water mass-balance model increase much more rapidly than those of the annual lake-volume model. As an example, for simulation year 5, the 99-percent exceedance for the lake level is 1,417.6 feet above sea level for the annual lake-volume model and 1,423.2 feet above sea level for the water mass-balance model. The rapid increase is caused largely by the record precipitation and inflow in the summer and fall of 1993. Because the water mass-balance model produces lake-level traces that closely match the hydrology of Devils Lake, the water mass-balance model is superior to the annual lake-volume model for computing exceedance levels for the 50-year planning horizon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95123","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., and Vecchia, A.V., 1995, Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-123, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95123.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17873,"text":"ofr95194 - 1995 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr95194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-194","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995","docAbstract":"Water-resources programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana consist principally of hydrologic-data collection and investigative studies that address water-resource issues. The work is supported by direct Federal funding, by transfer of funds from other Federal agencies, and by joint funding agreements with State or local agencies. The Montana District of the Geological Survey's Water Resources Division conducts its hydrologic work through a District Office in Helena and Field Headquarters in Helena, Billings, Kalispell, and Fort Peck. Thirty-two projects currently are being conducted. As outlined in this report, these projects are operated under the general categories of data-collection programs and investigative studies. This report describes the projects funded for fiscal years 1994 and 1995. The report also describes the operations of the Montana District, general hydrology of Montana, activities in addition to regular programs, and sources of publications and information. It also lists reports published or released during the preceding 5 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95194","usgsCitation":"Harksen, C.J., and Midtlyng, K.S., 1995, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-194, iv, 71 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95194.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harksen, C. J. (compiler)","contributorId":79908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harksen","given":"C.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midtlyng, Karen S.","contributorId":10443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19558,"text":"ofr95278 - 1995 - Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr95278","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-278","title":"Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for two small adjacent wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, were collected from December 1991 through November 1992. One of the wetlands was natural and the other was constructed to replace a wetland disturbed by the construction of a road embankment. Water levels were monitored in five 7-inch-diameter wells, approximately 5 feet deep. Water-level recorders on these wells provided continuous records of stage during periods of wetland inundation, and of water-table depths during periods when the wetlands were not inundated. Water levels also were measured periodically in 20 smaller diameter, shallow wells installed in the wetlands. A recording rain gage was installed in the constructed wetland, and a continuous stage recorder was installed on Town Creek, which forms the eastern border of the wetlands. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 75 percent of the study period, depending on the well. Additionally, water levels were not more than 1.5 feet below land surface for 57 to 85 percent of the time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95278","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., and Brede, L.M., 1995, Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-278, iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95278.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_95-278","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60739f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brede, Lawrence M.","contributorId":97518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brede","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21160,"text":"ofr93464 - 1995 - Sources of geologic and hydrologic information pertinent to ground-water resources in Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T18:43:31.248526","indexId":"ofr93464","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-464","title":"Sources of geologic and hydrologic information pertinent to ground-water resources in Rhode Island","docAbstract":"This report summarizes sources of geologic and hydrologic information useful to water managers and others involved in the investigation, appraisal, development, and protection of ground-water resources in Rhode Island. The geographic scope of the report includes Rhode Island and small adjoining areas of Massachusetts and Connecticut, where drainage basins are shared with these States. The information summarized is found in maps and reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and published by either the U.S. Geological Survey or by the State of Rhode Island. Information sources are presented in maps and tables. \r\n\r\nReference maps show drainage divides, town lines, and the 7.5-minute grid of latitude and longitude for the State. Maps show availability of surficial geologic maps, bedrock geologic maps, and ground-water studies by 7.5-minute quadrangle, and show availability of ground-water studies by drainage basin, subbasin, and special study area. \r\n\r\nSources of geologic and hydrologic information for the thirty-seven 7.5-minute quadrangles covering Rhode Island have been compiled based on the following information categories: surficial geology, bedrock geology, subsurface materials, altitude of bedrock surface, water-table altitudes, water-table contours, saturated thickness, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, drainage divides, recharge areas, ground-water reservoirs, induced infiltration, and ground-water quality. A table for each of the 37 quadrangles lists the major categories of information available for that quadrangle, provides references to the publications in which the information can be found, and indicates the format, scale, and other pertinent attributes of the information. A table organized by report series gives full citations for publications prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey pertaining to the geology and hydrology of Rhode Island. To facilitate location of information for particular municipalities, a table lists cities and towns in the State and the quadrangles that cover each municipality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93464","usgsCitation":"Trench, E., 1995, Sources of geologic and hydrologic information pertinent to ground-water resources in Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-464, v, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93464.","productDescription":"v, 98 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12750.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr93464/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-71.383586,41.464782],[-71.389284,41.460605],[-71.390275,41.455043],[-71.399568,41.448596],[-71.40056,41.46094],[-71.395927,41.492215],[-71.386511,41.493071],[-71.378914,41.504948],[-71.391005,41.514578],[-71.392137,41.524468],[-71.384478,41.556736],[-71.379021,41.567772],[-71.373618,41.573214],[-71.370194,41.573963],[-71.36356,41.57086],[-71.359868,41.556308],[-71.363292,41.501952],[-71.360403,41.483121],[-71.380947,41.474561],[-71.383586,41.464782]]],[[[-71.326769,41.491286],[-71.325365,41.487601],[-71.327822,41.482985],[-71.343013,41.495615],[-71.341122,41.498598],[-71.326769,41.491286]]],[[[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.136867,41.493942],[-71.141093,41.489937],[-71.140224,41.485855],[-71.167345,41.471405],[-71.170131,41.463974],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.194967,41.459037],[-71.196857,41.461116],[-71.196607,41.464756],[-71.190016,41.478275],[-71.190167,41.484285],[-71.19939,41.491769],[-71.199692,41.495511],[-71.206382,41.499215],[-71.200788,41.514371],[-71.213563,41.545818],[-71.20865,41.571028],[-71.20778,41.60066],[-71.212656,41.610072],[-71.212417,41.61829],[-71.212004,41.62299],[-71.21616,41.62549],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.2436,41.587508],[-71.23613,41.574767],[-71.236642,41.535852],[-71.234775,41.532538],[-71.227989,41.528297],[-71.229444,41.521544],[-71.240614,41.500557],[-71.238586,41.486845],[-71.237175,41.486546],[-71.236751,41.483369],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.246703,41.47196],[-71.245992,41.481302],[-71.252692,41.485902],[-71.264793,41.488902],[-71.285639,41.487805],[-71.295111,41.48435],[-71.304394,41.454502],[-71.311394,41.450802],[-71.312694,41.451402],[-71.312718,41.454597],[-71.32141,41.4556],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.351096,41.450802],[-71.362743,41.460379],[-71.36152,41.464831],[-71.34707,41.47123],[-71.335992,41.469647],[-71.316519,41.47756],[-71.317414,41.488776],[-71.323125,41.503088],[-71.327804,41.504258],[-71.330694,41.507699],[-71.330831,41.518364],[-71.313079,41.534672],[-71.310533,41.54692],[-71.303652,41.559925],[-71.294363,41.571416],[-71.288376,41.573274],[-71.285142,41.577127],[-71.273445,41.60699],[-71.272412,41.615041],[-71.275234,41.619444],[-71.271862,41.623986],[-71.251082,41.63878],[-71.212136,41.641945],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.140588,41.605102]]],[[[-71.3312,41.580318],[-71.335949,41.585898],[-71.337048,41.594688],[-71.333751,41.605859],[-71.329559,41.609097],[-71.326609,41.616114],[-71.325877,41.623988],[-71.333305,41.629536],[-71.34657,41.632229],[-71.362869,41.651457],[-71.366165,41.66098],[-71.348402,41.663727],[-71.338696,41.658782],[-71.336182,41.647961],[-71.337048,41.646146],[-71.342514,41.644791],[-71.343666,41.6399],[-71.330711,41.632992],[-71.314889,41.630398],[-71.30555,41.622523],[-71.303352,41.606591],[-71.307381,41.597984],[-71.317474,41.583187],[-71.326103,41.578583],[-71.3312,41.580318]]],[[[-71.281571,41.648207],[-71.278171,41.647309],[-71.274315,41.638125],[-71.283791,41.637797],[-71.286755,41.642725],[-71.283005,41.644434],[-71.281571,41.648207]]],[[[-71.58955,41.196557],[-71.580228,41.204837],[-71.577301,41.21471],[-71.576661,41.224434],[-71.573785,41.228436],[-71.561093,41.224207],[-71.555006,41.216822],[-71.554067,41.212957],[-71.557459,41.204542],[-71.564119,41.195372],[-71.565752,41.184373],[-71.560969,41.176186],[-71.550226,41.166787],[-71.544446,41.164912],[-71.543872,41.161321],[-71.547051,41.153684],[-71.551953,41.151718],[-71.5937,41.146339],[-71.599993,41.146932],[-71.611706,41.153239],[-71.613133,41.160281],[-71.605565,41.182139],[-71.594994,41.188392],[-71.58955,41.196557]]],[[[-71.797649,41.928556],[-71.797922,41.935395],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.341797,41.8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Island\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trench, Elaine C.","contributorId":69550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"Elaine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20635,"text":"ofr95109 - 1995 - Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri; 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T22:54:29.892047","indexId":"ofr95109","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-109","title":"Hydrologic data for the 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95109","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., 1995, Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri; 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-109, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95109.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.486,\n 38.92\n ],\n [\n -92.486,\n 38.8\n ],\n [\n -92.38,\n 38.8\n ],\n [\n -92.38,\n 38.92\n ],\n [\n -92.486,\n 38.92\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18284,"text":"ofr95285 - 1995 - A selected bibliography of water-related research in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:54:54","indexId":"ofr95285","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-285","title":"A selected bibliography of water-related research in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"A bibliography containing 165 selected references was compiled to assist local, State, and Federal agencies that have ongoing water-related research interests in the Upper Klamath Basin. 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