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Tooele Valley is a typical basin of the Basin and Range Province located about 30 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. It is roughly 15 miles long and 10 miles wide and has a population of about 7,000. Bordered on the west by the Stansbury Range, on the east by the Oquirrh Range, and on the south by South Mountain, it opens northward to Great Salt Lake. The bordering mountain ranges are formed by Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Lower Cambrian to Pennsylvanian but with the Ordovician and Silurian periods unrepresented. There is no sedimentary record of the interval between Pennsylvanian and Tertiary times, and the Tertiary, Quaternary, and Recent sediments are of continental origin. These continental deposits play the dominant role in the ground-water hydrology of the basin, and were mapped and studied in detail. Pleistocene sediments are of major importance because they form the surface rock over most of the area, and give rise to conditions which yield water by artesian flow in the lower part of the valley.

The development of the present land forms in this area began with the folding of Paleozoic and probably Mesozoic sediments during the Laramide revolution. The cycle of highland erosion and lowland deposition thus initiated has continued through recurrent uplift along Basin-Range faults to the present day. The principal physiographic subdivisions of the valley were developed as a result of the Basin-Range faulting, which began early in the Tertiary and has continued to Recent times.

There are about 1,100 wells in Tooele Valley, about 90 per cent of which yield or have yielded water by artesian flow. Most of them are located in the lower part of the valley below an altitude of 4,400 feet. These wells and many of the springs derive their water from the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments, which include discontinuous, lenticular and commonly elongated bodies of sand, clay, gravel, and boulders of alluvial origin alternating and inter-fingered with lacustrine beds of the same materials which are more regularly stratified and better assorted. The larger springs are intimately related to the bedding planes and faults in the bedrock and alluvial formations. The well assorted sands and gravels deposited along the shore lines of Lake Bonneville are important as recharge areas for the artesian reservoir.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Twenty-fifth biennial report of the State Engineer to the Governor of Utah: 1944-1946","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1946, Ground water in Tooele Valley, Tooele County, Utah: Technical Publication 4, 148 p.","productDescription":"148 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"148","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333875,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-369","text":"Utah State Engineer's 25th Biennial Report (larger work)"},{"id":331484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w9200083.pdf"},{"id":331483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Tooele Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.796630859375,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -112.796630859375,\n 40.94048973170136\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.94048973170136\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -112.796630859375,\n 40.37584377696013\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468aefe4b04fc80e5236df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16373,"text":"ofr4629 - 1946 - General statement on the Cedar Creek slide, Montrose, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T12:43:26","indexId":"ofr4629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"46-29","title":"General statement on the Cedar Creek slide, Montrose, Colorado","docAbstract":"

The Cedar Creek slide is located about ten miles east of Montrose in southwestern Colorado, along the Denver Rio Grande and Western Railroad. It occupies an area about 1,000 feet square and has a maximum height above the railroad grade of more than 300 feet. The slide occurred on the north edge of a large undulated mesa composed of massive to thin-layered Mancos shale capped by 15 to 25 feet of coarse boulder gravels.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4629","usgsCitation":"Varnes, H., 1946, General statement on the Cedar Creek slide, Montrose, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 46-29, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4629.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287135,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1946/0029/report.pdf"},{"id":287136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1946/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Montrose","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek Slide","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.924288,38.42147 ], [ -107.924288,38.524337 ], [ -107.783794,38.524337 ], [ -107.783794,38.42147 ], [ -107.924288,38.42147 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varnes, Helen D.","contributorId":9117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"Helen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":576,"text":"wsp1002 - 1946 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1944, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp1002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1002","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1944, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1002","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1946, Surface water supply of the United States, 1944, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1002, ix, 552 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1002.","productDescription":"ix, 552 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25139,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2813,"text":"wsp993 - 1946 - Geology and ground-water resources of Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Iron County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T14:10:59","indexId":"wsp993","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"993","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Iron County, Utah","docAbstract":"

Cedar City Valley and Parowan Valley are situated in the eastern part of Iron County, in southwestern Utah. Both valleys are traversed by United States Highway 91, which skirts the west base of the High Plateaus of Utah. The sparse population of the valleys is chiefly dependent upon agricultural products for its livelihood. The climate of the region ranges from arid to semiarid, and the agricultural products are dependent upon irrigation by surface streams and, to an increasing extent during recent years, by water pumped from wells.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington. D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp993","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., and Taylor, G., 1946, Geology and ground-water resources of Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Iron County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 993, Report: vii, 210 p.; 21 Plates: 33.50 x 39.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp993.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 210 p.; 21 Plates: 33.50 x 39.50 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"234","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29357,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-17.pdf","text":"Plate 23","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Parowan Valley showing approximate position of highest artesian-pressure surface in September 1940"},{"id":29358,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-18.pdf","text":"Plate 24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of a part of Parowan Valley showing locations of wells and springs and approximate decline of the highest piezometric surface between about March 15 and September 10, 1940"},{"id":29359,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-19.pdf","text":"Plate 25","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Parowan Valley showing location of wells and springs and positions of highest piezometric surface with respect to land surface in 1940"},{"id":29360,"rank":419,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-20.pdf","text":"Plate 26","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Profile along the south boundary of T. 35 S., showing position of the highest piezometric surface in April and September 1940"},{"id":138821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29350,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-10.pdf","text":"Plate 16","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"North-south profile approximately through the center of Tps. 34 and 35 S., R. 11 W., showing positions of the water surface during 1932, 1936, and 1939"},{"id":29341,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Index map of Utah showing areas covered by ground-water investigations"},{"id":29342,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Sketch map showing the principal physiographic features of the Cedar City-Parowan Valley area"},{"id":29343,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-03.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Utah"},{"id":29344,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-04.pdf","text":"Plate 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of a part of Cedar City Valley, showing locations of wells for which drillers' logs are available"},{"id":29345,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-05.pdf","text":"Plate 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Well sections based on drillers' logs for several wells that form two crooked but roughly parallel profiles along the Coal Creek fan in Cedar City Valley"},{"id":29346,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-06.pdf","text":"Plate 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrographs of six wells that are located along a line extending northwestward across secs. 27, 21, 17, and 8, T. 35 S., R. 11 W"},{"id":29347,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-07.pdf","text":"Plate 13","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":" Map of Cedar City Valley showing ground-water contours about April 1, 1940, and subdivisions of the ground-water reservoir"},{"id":29348,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-08.pdf","text":"Plate 14","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Cedar City Valley showing ground-water contours about April 1 and September 15, 1939"},{"id":29349,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-09.pdf","text":"Plate 15","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of part of Cedar City Valley showing decline of groundwater levels between April 1 and September 15, 1939"},{"id":29361,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-21.pdf","text":"Plate 27","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing ground-water districts in Parowan Valley"},{"id":29362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29351,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-11.pdf","text":"Plate 17","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Cedar City Valley showing lines of equal depth to water below land surface, September 1939"},{"id":29352,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-12.pdf","text":"Plate 18","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Cedar City Valley showing location»of wells, maximum area of artesian flow, and areas of artesian flow in September 1939"},{"id":29353,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-13.pdf","text":"Plate 19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrographs of five wells in which the seasonal fluctuations of static level are caused chiefly by flow from artesian wells"},{"id":29354,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-14.pdf","text":"Plate 20","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrographs of four wells located along a north-south line through the pumping district in Parowan Valley"},{"id":29355,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-15.pdf","text":"Plate 21","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrographs of six wells in Parowan Valley that are remote from areas of intensive ground-water development"},{"id":29356,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0993/plate-16.pdf","text":"Plate 22","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Parowan Valley showing highest and lowest observed artesian-pressure surface in March 1940"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Iron County","otherGeospatial":"Cedar City valley, Parowan valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, G.H.","contributorId":85158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207265,"text":"70207265 - 1946 - Appalachian drainage and the highland border sediments of the Newark series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:56:13","indexId":"70207265","displayToPublicDate":"1946-12-31T08:41:53","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appalachian drainage and the highland border sediments of the Newark series","docAbstract":"

The highland border fanglomerates of the Newark basin in New York, New Jersey, and eastern Pennsylvania show no extraordinary correlation with present drainage either in distribution or lithologic character and degree of rounding of their gravels. The writer found no evidence of deposition of any of the fanglomerates by major streams and no evidence that any of the present streams enter the basin through Triassic-filled remnants of Triassic valleys. Available evidence indicates that streams which deposited the Newark fanglomerates were relatively short and steep, consequent on the northwest border fault scarp or flexure. Variations in lithologic character of the fanglomerates were due largely to the rock types exposed along the margin of the northwest highland block. The lithologic character of the Newark sediments and particularly of the basal Stockton supports this hypothesis. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1946)57[997:ADATHB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Carlston, C., 1946, Appalachian drainage and the highland border sediments of the Newark series: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 57, no. 11, p. 997-1032, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1946)57[997:ADATHB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1032","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlston, C.W.","contributorId":26062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlston","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222083,"text":"70222083 - 1946 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:24:01.910966","indexId":"70222083","displayToPublicDate":"1946-11-01T16:27:50","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"1","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"

U. S. Geological Survey Party No. 4 covered the area between 68° 30' and 69° 08' N. latitude and between 154° and 155°20' W. longitude during the period May 18 to September 2. Traverses were confined mainly to the valleys of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers inasmuch as very little rock is exposed in the interstream areas. This report is limited to the Colville River valley area between the Kura and Killik Rivers, and to a stratigraphic section exposed. on the Kurupa 7-12 miles south of the Colville.

A final report will be prepared by April 1, 1947, on the total area and will include discussions of the stratigraphy and structure of Upper Cretaceous formations A through D on the Oolamnagavik and Kurupa, the stratigraphy of Formation D on the Colville, and the Lower Cretaceous and Triassic rocks. Separation and identification of heavy minerals from the sandstones and conglomerates, binocular and petrographic microscope examinations of specimens, identification of megafossils, and separation and identification of microfossils, if any, will be undertaken. Detailed examination of all aerial photos will be made to trace out structures and formations in the adjacent areas to the east, north, and west. It seems probable that close correlation between this area, the Killik River area, and Maybe Creek area will be possible by extrapolating field and aerial photo data. It is possible also to trace structures and some formation westward from the Kurupa River.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222083","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R., and Thurrell, R.F., 1946, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 1, Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 51.68 x 36.09 inches and 9.71 x 31.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222083.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 51.68 x 36.09 inches and 9.71 x 31.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74562.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.25,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Robert M.","contributorId":81888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214508,"text":"70214508 - 1946 - Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:34:12.53488","indexId":"70214508","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T14:21:42","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey","docAbstract":"

Artificial recharge by water spreading is practiced in several places in New Jersey. Rates of recharge ranging from 3,000 to 125,000 gallons per acre per day have been measured at the Perth Amboy Water Works, where artificial recharge of the Old Bridge sand, of upper Cretaceous age, has been practiced for more than 40 years. At the Duhernal development, which also draws from the Old Bridge sand, four or five million gallons daily is now derived from artificial recharge. This rate will probably increase with further lowering of the water table near the lake. For many years the Princeton Water Company has pumped water from a stream for recharging the Stockton sandstone, of Triassic age. The Lake Mohawk-Sparta Water Company spreads water underground by means of covered, gravel-filled ditches to recharge a shallow aquifer in its well field. The City of East Orange spreads the water from several small streams over parts of the intake area of the Quaternary beds supplying its wells. The estimated total recharge there is about two million gallons daily. Closely related to artificial recharge are those instances wherein well sites are chosen to take advantage of potential recharge from existing bodies of surface water. At the Borough of Manville no water spreading operations are conducted, but about three quarters of the water from its wells is derived by recharge from the Raritan River. The silting of water spreading areas may impair their effectiveness considerably. In some instances the growth of aquatic vegetation seems to reduce the ill effects of silting.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.7.726","usgsCitation":"Barksdale, H., and DeBuchananne, G., 1946, Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 7, p. 726-737, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.7.726.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"737","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Perth Amboy Water Works","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 40.66813955408042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barksdale, H.C.","contributorId":65912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBuchananne, G.D.","contributorId":91166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBuchananne","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047958,"text":"tei25 - 1946 - Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T12:59:30","indexId":"tei25","displayToPublicDate":"1946-01-22T15:13:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"

A significant content of radioactive material was recognized in a few placer concentrates from Sweepstakes and Rube Creeks in the Koyuk district of eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, when old collections were scanned for radioactivity in the spring of 1945. Subsequent field investigations with a Geiger-Mueller counter were made of the creek gravels and the placer-gold paystreak on the bench ground of Sweepstakes Creek and its tributaries, the syenite stock of Granite Mountain to the north, of Sweepstakes Creek, and the creek gravels of Rube and Anzac Creeks which are tributaries of the Peace River east of the syenite stock.

\n
\n

The content of radioactive minerals in the gravels and in the placer-gold paystreak was found to be disappointingly low. There concentration ratios were between 45 and 169 to 1, the content of concentrates from the creek gravels is only .001 to .016 percent equivalent uranium the average content of the creek gravels in place is computed as .0001 percent equivalent uranium. The placer-gold paystreak was not accessible in place, but the content was computed as .0003 percent equivalent uranium from the sluice-box concentrates and tailings at Winder's open-cut,the only active placer mine in the area in 1945. The radioactive minerals are relatively abundant in such gravity concentrates as the sluice-box concentrates, and are particularly abundant in certain size fractions of these sluice concentrates Thus the concentrates from the aluiee-fcex, after screening through 20-mesh, showed 0.04 percent equivalent uranium. An even greater concentration of radioactive minerals is\nobtained in the \"blowings,\" which represent a further cleaning of the sluice-box concontrates, one saample showing 14.20 percent equivalent uranium.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tei25","usgsCitation":"Gault, H.R., Black, R.F., and Lyons, J.B., 1946, Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 25, Report: 30 p.; 2 Plates: 20.68 x 27.36 inches and 20.85 x 41.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei25.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 2 Plates: 20.68 x 27.36 inches and 20.85 x 41.34 inches","numberOfPages":"33","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279912,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/report.pdf"},{"id":279913,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":279914,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/plate-3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anzac Creek;Seward Peninsula;Sweepstakes Creek;Rube Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 168.6072,63.9760 ], [ 168.6072,66.6878 ], [ -159.1589,66.6878 ], [ -159.1589,63.9760 ], [ 168.6072,63.9760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522f2579e4b091aa92f494d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, H. Richard","contributorId":60109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Robert F.","contributorId":12504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, John B.","contributorId":68801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160867,"text":"70160867 - 1946 - Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T22:07:12.867365","indexId":"70160867","displayToPublicDate":"1946-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Hawaii, the largest island in the Hawaiian group, is 93 miles long, 76 miles wide, and covers 4,030 square miles. Mauna Loa Volcano is 13,680 feet high and Mauna Kea is 13,784 feet high. Plate 1 shows the geology, wells, springs, and water-development tunnels. Plate 2 is a map and description of points of geologic interest along the main highways. Plate 3 (same sheet as plate 2) shows highways and points of geologic interest in Hawaii National Park area. The volcanic terms used in the report are defined.

\n

Hawaii was built by five volcanoes. All the rocks are volcanic, except for minor amounts of sedimentary rock derived from them. Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes erupt often; Hualalai Volcano last erupted in 1801; Mauna Kea has had Recent but no historic eruptions; Kohala Mountain has long been extinct.

\n

Kohala Mountain constitutes the northern end of the island. It is built largely of rocks of the Pololu volcanic series which are dominantly olivine basalt with a few thin intercalated beds of vitric basaltic ash. After the eruption of this series, Kohala Volcano was deeply eroded on the windward (northeastern) side, and a deep soil formed on its other slopes. Later, oligoclase andesite and trachyte lava flows, named the Hawi volcanic series, were erupted. They rest on soil at the top of the Pololu series, and lie in the valleys cut into the Pololu lavas on the windward slope. Both the Pololu and Hawi volcanics were erupted from three rift zones trending N. 35° W., S. 65° E., and S. 50° W. from the summit of the mountain. The rift zones are marked at the surface by rows or cinder cones, and beneath the surface by innumerable dikes. A caldera occupied the summit of the mountain at the beginning of the eruption of the Hawi lavas, and for a time confined the flows. It was gradually filled and the lava escaped northeastward into the large valleys. Some of the caldera faults can still be traced. A shallow graben indents the summit now.

\n

South of Kohala Mountain lies the much larger volcano of Mauna Kea. The early rocks of Mauna Kea constitute the Hamakua volcanic series. The lower member of this series consists chiefly of olivine basalt flows with intercalated thin beds of vitric basaltic ash. The olivine basalt of the lower member changes gradationally into the upper member, in which basalt and olivine basalt arc still abundant, but andesite also is present. Lavas of the upper member interfinger with Hawi lavas of Kohala Mountain. The Hamakua volcanic series is mantled with Pahala ash 5 to 20 feet thick, above which lie the rocks of the Laupahoehoe volcanic series. Locally the two series are separated by erosional unconformity, The Laupahoehoe lavas are dominantly andesite. The andesites erupted after the last glacial epoch are mapped separately on plate 1. The Laupahoehoe volcanic series, and probably also the Hamakua volcanic series, were erupted principally from three rift zones, trending west, northeast and south-southeast from the summit of the mountain. The upper slopes are studded with many large cinder cones, lying principally along the rift zones. Late in its geologic history, Mauna Kea was capped by a small glacier, presumably contemporaneous with the Wisconsin stage of glaciation in North America, which left conspicuous terminal, lateral, and ground moraines. Deposits exposed in canyons on the southern slope, formerly believed to be of glacial origin, are now believed to be volcanic explosion breccias.

\n

The main bulk of Hualalai Volcano is built of basalts of the Hualalai volcanic series. One flow of andesite has been found. The cinder and spatter cones lie principally along three rift zones which trend northwest, north, and southeast from the summit. On the northern slope of Hualalai Volcano lies the large trachyte pumice cone of Puu Waawaa, and its thick flow of trachyte. These are grouped together as the Waawaa volcanics. They are partly buried by later basalts from both Hualalai and Mauna Loa. The last eruption of Hualalai Volcano, in 1800–1801, produced olivine basalt.

\n

The earliest exposed rocks of Mauna Loa comprise the Ninole volcanic series. Several beds of altered vitric ash are intercalated with the lavas. Following eruption of the Ninole series, a long period or quiescence occurred, during which deep amphitheater-headed valleys were cut. This was followed by the eruption of the Kahuku volcanic series, consisting mostly of lavas with some thin beds of ash. The Rahuku series is overlain by the Pahala ash, which overlies also the Hilina volcanic series on Kilauea, the Hamakua volcanic series on Mauna Kea, and the Hawi volcanic series on Kohala, providing a rough datum for correlation of the lavas of the four mountains. Deposition of the Pahala ash was followed on Mauna Loa by eruption of the Kau volcanic series, which has continued until the present time. The historic and flaws of the Kau series are mapped separately on plate 1. The historic eruptions and volcanic activity of Mauna Loa are briefly described. The western and southern slopes of Mauna Loa are cut by normal faults along which the lower flanks of the mountain have slipped seaward.

\n

The Kau volcanic series and presumably also the Kahuku and Ninole volcanic series were erupted principally from vents along two rift zones which extend northeast and southwest from the summit caldera. The lavas of all three series are preponderantly olivine basalt. Many of the lavas contain small amounts of hypersthene.

\n

The Pahala ash on the northeastern and eastern slopes of Mauna Loa was derived largely from Mauna Kea. West and south of Kilauea Caldera, however, it was derived principally from Kilauea. Minor amounts were contributed by eruptions of Mauna Loa. It is a vitric basaltic ash, now generally altered to palagonite.

\n

The earliest exposed lavas and thin intercalated ash beds of Kilauea Volcano comprise the Hilina volcanic series. These are capped by the Pahala ash, which in turn, is overlain by the lavas and thin ash beds of the Puna volcanic series. The volcanics of both series were erupted along two rift zones, one extending southwestward from Kilauea Caldera, and the other extending southeastward for 5 miles and then bending sharply east by north. The lavas of both series are very largely olivine basalt. A few flows contain hypersthene. Augite phenocrysts are common in Mauna Loa lavas, but rare in those of Kilauea, indicating that crystallization has not progressed as far in the magma chamber of Kilauea Volcano as in that of Mauna Loa. Eruption of the Puna volcanic series has continued until the present time, the historic flows being separated from the prehistoric ones on plate 1. The historic eruptions and volcanic activity of Kilauea are briefly described.

\n

Kilauea Volcano originated on the southern slope of Mauna Loa where faults intersected the Eastern Fundamental Fissure of the Hawaiian Archipelago. The southern flank of Kilauea is cut by normal faults, along which the southern part is sliding seaward.
The volcanoes of the island of Hawaii are believed to have started their activity in the Tertiary period. The great erosional period which followed deposition of the Pololu and Ninole volcanic series is placed near the end of the Pliocene. The Hilina and Hamakua volcanic series were probably erupted in the late Pliocene and earlier Pleistocene. The Hawi volcanic series and the Waawaa volcanics are probably early or middle Pleistocene in age. The main period of deposition of the Pahala ash was probably late in the middle Pleistocene or early in the upper Pleistocene. The Laupahoehoe volcanic series is late Pleistocene and Recent in age, most of the flows antedating the Wisconsin glaciation. The Hualalai volcanic series probably extends from Tertiary to historic time, and the Kau and Puna volcanic series from late Pleistocene to the present. A chapter is devoted to the petrography of the rocks in which are listed all reliable chemical rock analyses.

\n

The rocks of the island are highly permeable. Most of the rainfall sinks quickly into the ground. Perennial streams are present only on the windward slopes of Kohala Mountain and Mauna Kea. Most of the water sinks rapidly to the basal water table, where it floats on salt water according to the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. Basal water escapes in springs at or near sea level all along the coast. Only a very small proportion of it is recovered in wells. Along the windward coasts the basal water is of good quality and large supplies await development. Along the leeward coasts most of the basal water is brackish.

\n

In Kohala Mountain, much water is perched on ash beds in the Pololu volcanic series and on ash and soil at the base of the Hawi volcanic series. It escapes in perched springs in the big valleys and along the windward sea cliff and is recovered in tunnels. Along the windward slope of Mauna Keu, small amounts of water are perched by ash beds and dense lava flows in the Hamakua volcanic series. Small perched springs issue from these structures and water is recovered by tunnels. In the Kau District ash beds perch considerable water, which is recovered by many tunnels. On the southern slope of Mauna Kea small springs are perched by beds of hill wash.
Dikes in the rift zones are relatively impermeable, but enclose masses of permeable rock. Water is confined at high level in the interdike compartments in Kohala Mountain, and probably in the other volcanoes. It escapes in high-level springs in the deep valleys on Kohala Mountain; some of it is recovered by tunnels.

\n

It is estimated that an average of about 13,085 million gallons of water a day falls as rain over the whole island. Of this only about 2.5 percent is visibly discharged from wells, tunnels, and springs. Large supplies of basal groundwater await development. Projects for development of additional water for the city of Hilo and the Kona District are described.

\n

Chemical analyses of water, water supplies of towns and villages, descriptions of wells, springs, and tunnels, and discharge records of numerous springs and tunnels are given in tabulated form.

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-155.1104736328125,\n 19.877808848505918\n ],\n [\n -155.13519287109375,\n 19.91267470522604\n ],\n [\n -155.18325805664062,\n 19.947532877989353\n ],\n [\n -155.2093505859375,\n 19.968185942489765\n ],\n [\n -155.24642944335938,\n 19.997869983765433\n ],\n [\n -155.27252197265625,\n 20.014645445341365\n ],\n [\n -155.31784057617188,\n 20.030128899024707\n ],\n [\n -155.3741455078125,\n 20.059801254410598\n ],\n [\n -155.43457031249997,\n 20.0933371611593\n ],\n [\n -155.4949951171875,\n 20.111391984160917\n ],\n [\n -155.55679321289062,\n 20.128155311797183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ba5d1e4b0e7594ee7768d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stearns, Harold T.","contributorId":65831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, Gordon A.","contributorId":52273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Gordon A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198526,"text":"70198526 - 1945 - Industrial limestones and dolomites in Virginia: northern and central parts of the Shenandoah Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T16:49:43","indexId":"70198526","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T16:47:16","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Industrial limestones and dolomites in Virginia: northern and central parts of the Shenandoah Valley","docAbstract":"

The area described in this report includes the northern and central parts of Shenandoah Valley in Virginia extending from the West Virginia line southwestward to the vicinity of Greenville, Augusta County. It contains extensive deposits of high-calcium limestone averaging more than 97 per cent calcium carbonate. The Mosheim limestone, composed largely of high-calcium limestone, is the important \"quarry rock\" of the area. Other formations containing high-calcium limestone include locally a part of the Lenoir, the upper part of the Chambersburg in the western belts of Shenandoah County, and relatively thin units in the Beekmantown along the eastern side of the Massanutten Mountain syncline north of Rockingham County. Some of the thickest deposits of high-calcium limestone near railroads are in Frederick, Shenandoah, Rockingham, and Augusta counties.

Extensive exposures of the Tomstown (Shady) dolomite, containing more than 42 per cent magnesium carbonate, occur in the eastern part df Clarke County. Locally near the North Mountain fault in parts of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties, 80 feet or more of brecciated dolomite in the Elbrook formation contains about 43.5 per cent magnesium
carbonate and generally less than 2 per cent silica. Most of the sampled dolomite units in the Elbrook, Conococheague, and Beekmantown formations contain less than 40 per cent magnesium carbonate.

Special study was made of the carbonate rocks suitable for chemical use and favorably located near railroads. Limestones, containing less than 95 per cent calcium carbonate, were studied locally in some detail. Descriptions of the belts of industrial limestone and dolomite are supplemented by geologic maps and sections, and chemical analyses.

","largerWorkTitle":"Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin","publisher":"Virginia Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Charlottesville, VA","usgsCitation":"Edmundson, R., 1945, Industrial limestones and dolomites in Virginia: northern and central parts of the Shenandoah Valley, v. 65, 195 p.","productDescription":"195 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commercedocs/BUL_65.pdf","text":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","volume":"65","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmundson, R.S.","contributorId":206778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmundson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":566,"text":"wsp972 - 1945 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1943, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp972","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"972","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1943, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp972","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1945, Surface water supply of the United States, 1943, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 972, viii, 503 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp972.","productDescription":"viii, 503 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0972/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0972/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69728e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23175,"text":"ofr4537 - 1945 - A study of secondary recovery possibilities of the Hogshooter field, Washington County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T07:00:14","indexId":"ofr4537","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-37","title":"A study of secondary recovery possibilities of the Hogshooter field, Washington County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"

The Hogshooter field, located in east central Washington County, Oklahoma, was first developed during the period 1906 to 1913. The field was extended later during the period 1918 to 1922. The principal producing horizon is the Bartlesville sand, found at an average depth of 1,150 feet. To January 1, 1944, the Bartlesville sand has produced 7,566,000 barrels of oil from 5,610 productive acres and 871 oil wells. Peak production, averaging 2,025 barrels per day for the year, was attained in the year 1910. The accumulation of oil in the Bartlesville sand is not related to structure.

\n
\n

The total recovery from the Bartlesville sand in the Hogshooter field to January 1, 1944, is estimated to represent 10.3 per cent of the original oil in place, and the total residual oil is estimated to average 11,776 barrels per acre. Widespread application of vacuum, started in 1915, has had little beneficial effect on production. Some gas-repressuring in recent years has increased recovery to a small extent.

\n
\n

Conservatively estimated water-flood recovery possibilities are: 3,500 barrels per acre for an area consisting of 1,393 acres (4,875,000 barrels total) with a reasonable profit at the present price of crude oil, and 2,500 barrels per acre for an area of 2,248 acres (5,620,000 barrels total), with no profit indicated under existing conditions. The latter area would show a profit equal to the first-mentioned area only with an increase in price of crude oil of forty-five cents per barrel.

\n
\n

Subsurface waters at depths of 1,400 to 1,700 feet are indicated as a satisfactory source for use in water-flooding operations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4537","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fox, I.W., Thigpen, C.H., Ginter, R.L., and Alden, G.P., 1945, A study of secondary recovery possibilities of the Hogshooter field, Washington County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 45-37, iii, 68, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4537.","productDescription":"iii, 68","numberOfPages":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0037/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Washington County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.0013,36.4235 ], [ -96.0013,36.9995 ], [ -95.7867,36.9995 ], [ -95.7867,36.4235 ], [ -96.0013,36.4235 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a619b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, I. William","contributorId":12882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thigpen, Claude H.","contributorId":35651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thigpen","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginter, Roy L.","contributorId":73240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginter","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alden, George P.","contributorId":69600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alden","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2666,"text":"wsp967B - 1945 - Flood of July 5, 1939 in eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:59:23.085963","indexId":"wsp967B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"967","chapter":"B","title":"Flood of July 5, 1939 in eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp967B","usgsCitation":"Schrader, F.F., 1945, Flood of July 5, 1939 in eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 967, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp967B.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24694.htm"},{"id":29007,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0967b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0967b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -82.650146484375,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -82.650146484375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -84.342041015625,\n 36.62434536776987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Floyd F.","contributorId":36535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55461,"text":"ofr45100 - 1945 - Geology and coal resources of the western part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55461,"text":"ofr45100 - 1945 - Geology and coal resources of the western part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","indexId":"ofr45100","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and coal resources of the western part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33691,"text":"b1016 - 1956 - The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b1016","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":33691,"text":"b1016 - 1956 - The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b1016","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T14:32:00.012101","indexId":"ofr45100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-100","title":"Geology and coal resources of the western part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The lower Matanuska Valley coal field is in southern Alaska 45 miles northeast of the city of Anchorage (fig. 1). The field is in an area bounded on the south by the Matanuska River, on the north by the foothills of the Talkeetna Mountains, and includes on the east and west, respectively, the valleys of Eska Creek and Moose Creek, which head in the Talkeetna Mountains and flow southward to the Matanuska River. The western boundary of the area described is about 8 miles north of Palmer, which is in the heart of an agricultural district. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr45100","usgsCitation":"Payne, T.G., and Hopkins, D., 1945, Geology and coal resources of the western part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 45-100, Report: 22 p.; 7 Plates: 54.20 x 40.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr45100.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 7 Plates: 54.20 x 40.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419091,"rank":9,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419090,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419089,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-4.pdf","text":"FIgure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419088,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419087,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-6.pdf","text":"Figure 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":419084,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419085,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/table-1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419086,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0100/figure-7.pdf","text":"Figure 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Matanuska Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.44622914265352\n ],\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.25140929117251\n ],\n [\n -150.21898719123269,\n 61.25140929117251\n ],\n [\n -150.21898719123269,\n 61.44622914265352\n ],\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.44622914265352\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68629e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Thomas G.","contributorId":60653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, David M.","contributorId":37409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":55463,"text":"ofr45102 - 1945 - Geology and coal resources of the eastern part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55463,"text":"ofr45102 - 1945 - Geology and coal resources of the eastern part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","indexId":"ofr45102","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and coal resources of the eastern part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33691,"text":"b1016 - 1956 - The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b1016","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":33691,"text":"b1016 - 1956 - The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska","indexId":"b1016","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"The Wishbone Hill district, Matanuska coal field, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T21:07:36.550984","indexId":"ofr45102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-102","title":"Geology and coal resources of the eastern part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The lower Matanuska Valley coal field is in south-central Alaska near the head of Cook Inlet, about 60 miles by railroad northeast of Anchorage (fig. 1). It occupies an area roughly 7 miles long and 1 1/2 miles wide that trends northeastward parallel to the front of the Talkeetna Mountains to the north. The eastern part of the field is considered in this report. The western part has recently been described.

The two operating coal mines in the area, the Government-owned Eska mine and the privately owned Evan Jones mine, are served by a 23-mile branch line of the Alaska Railroad. The Glenn Highway, a year-round gravel-surfaced road connecting Anchorage with the Richardson Highway and the interior of Alaska, passes about 2 miles south of the mines.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr45102","usgsCitation":"Barnes, F., and Byers, F., 1945, Geology and coal resources of the eastern part of the lower Matanuska Valley coal field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 45-102, Report: 21 p.; 9 Plates: 38.90 x 25.02 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr45102.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 9 Plates: 38.90 x 25.02 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419121,"rank":11,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419120,"rank":10,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419119,"rank":9,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419118,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419117,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419116,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419115,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419114,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/figure-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419113,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419112,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/table-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0102/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Matanuska Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.44622914265352\n ],\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.25140929117251\n ],\n [\n -150.21898719123269,\n 61.25140929117251\n ],\n [\n -150.21898719123269,\n 61.44622914265352\n ],\n [\n -150.34527578019785,\n 61.44622914265352\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6862c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, F.F.","contributorId":87198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"F.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, F.M. Jr.","contributorId":78338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68855,"text":"om26 - 1945 - Geology of Santa Rosa Hills, eastern Purisima Hills district, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T17:23:24","indexId":"om26","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":329,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Map","code":"OM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Geology of Santa Rosa Hills, eastern Purisima Hills district, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/om26","usgsCitation":"Woodring, W., Loofbourow, J.S., and Bramlette, M., 1945, Geology of Santa Rosa Hills, eastern Purisima Hills district, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 26, Map: 38.93 x 43.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/om26.","productDescription":"Map: 38.93 x 43.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":105008,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5384.htm"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.2833,\n 35.4542\n ],\n [\n -120.0958,\n 35.4542\n ],\n [\n -120.0958,\n 35.7500\n ],\n [\n -120.2833,\n 35.7500\n ],\n [\n -120.2833,\n 35.4542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodring, W. P.","contributorId":48230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodring","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loofbourow, John S.","contributorId":81114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loofbourow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bramlette, M. N.","contributorId":105727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bramlette","given":"M. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":55519,"text":"ofr4555 - 1945 - The Arcadia zinc area, Scott County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T22:26:36.594186","indexId":"ofr4555","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-55","title":"The Arcadia zinc area, Scott County, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Arcadia zinc area in the southeastern part of Scott County, Va., about 1 1/2 mile north of the village of Arcadia, Tenn., and in the eastern part of the Indian Springs topographic map area. According to Secrist prospects were opened in 1906 by Mr. Frank Bowman and were worked sporadically until the fall of 1917. A small Joplin type mill was erected in 1948 and 25 tones of concentrates was produced.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.3133/ofr4555","usgsCitation":"Gladstone, I., Nelson, V.E., and Kent, D., 1945, The Arcadia zinc area, Scott County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 45-55, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4555.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":287113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1945/0055/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Scott County","otherGeospatial":"Arcadia Zinc Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,36.5 ], [ -83.0,37.0 ], [ -82.25,37.0 ], [ -82.25,36.5 ], [ -83.0,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladstone, Irvine","contributorId":101563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladstone","given":"Irvine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Vincent E.","contributorId":9915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, Deane F.","contributorId":23210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Deane F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215110,"text":"70215110 - 1945 - Stratigraphy and structure of west-central Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T17:14:52.33429","indexId":"70215110","displayToPublicDate":"1945-10-07T12:00:39","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and structure of west-central Vermont","docAbstract":"

The lithologic units recognizable in the fossiliferous succession along southern Lake Champlain are structurally continuous with and traceable eastward into the “marble belt” of west-central Vermont immediately west of the Green Mountain Front. They are also traceable northward through west-central Vermont into a succession in northwestern Vermont bounded on the east and west by major thrusts, where they pass laterally northeastward into fossiliferous shales, the faunal zones of which are correlated with those along southern Lake Champlain and in the Hudson and Mohawk valleys. The Cambrian strata are traced into west-central from northwestern Vermont whereas the Ordovician correlation is with rocks in the Mohawk-Hudson-Champlain region. Certain of the Upper Cambrian strata can be correlated with established formations of this age in both of the outlying areas.

The structural pattern reflects movements dependent upon the original distribution of sedimentary facies. Interbedded Carnbro-Ordovician limestones and dolomites grade westward into foreland sandstones and eastward into geosynclinal shales. Cambrian and early Ordovician sandstone tongues extend far to the east. Later Ordovician strata of the shale facies overlie the calcareous and sandy succession and are locally unconformable on it. In the Taconic Range allochthonous Cambrian strata of shale facies are superposed upon the autochthonous Ordovician beds. The rocks of the klippe were derived from a zone at least 50 miles east of the present westernmost exposures, arriving there by movements confined largely to the shale facies. Flexural folding and thrusting, effects of alternating competency and incompetency of the foreland sequence, affected the latter succession and possibly the Taconic Allochthone. Breaking of competent strata in the flexures initiated the thrusts; thrusting continued by the stripping of competent from incompetent beds. This was accompanied by counterclockwise rotation of the thrust slices around pivotal zones bordering on a foreland massif to the southwest. Thus rock cropping out in the north-south thrust slices originally extended northeast-southwest. The thrusts are concentric to the Adirondack crystallines and are cut by the Adirondack normal faults; probably they were warped during normal faulting and uplift of the Adirondacks.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[515:SASOWV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cady, W., 1945, Stratigraphy and structure of west-central Vermont: GSA Bulletin, v. 56, no. 5, p. 515-588, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[515:SASOWV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"West central vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3062744140625,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -72.83935546875,\n 43.82660134505382\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -73.3062744140625,\n 44.296332880058706\n ],\n [\n -73.4051513671875,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -73.4161376953125,\n 43.92559366355069\n ],\n [\n -73.4161376953125,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -73.3062744140625,\n 43.830564195198264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, Wallace M.","contributorId":146958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"Wallace M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215108,"text":"70215108 - 1945 - Petrography, structures, and petrofabrics of the Pinckneyville quartz diorite, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T16:45:01.736183","indexId":"70215108","displayToPublicDate":"1945-10-07T11:39:18","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography, structures, and petrofabrics of the Pinckneyville quartz diorite, Alabama","docAbstract":"

The Pinckneyville quartz diorite complex underlies an area in eastern Alabama extending from the Coosa River in northwest Elmore County northeast through Coosa and Tallapoosa counties into Clay County.

Dark-gray, coarse-grained quartz diorite gneiss constitutes the major part of the complex, but there are smaller amounts of granodiorite and granite gneiss. Hornblende-biotite gneisses also occur and are considered to represent metamorphosed basic sills and dikes intruded before the quartz diorite complex. Schist septa lie within the complex and are usually parallel to the regional strike. The sequence of intrusion as interpreted from inclusions and petrographic data is (1) quartz diorite, (2) granodiorite, (3) granite. Small but persistent amounts of allanite and epidote are characteristic of the rocks of the complex. The texture is subporphyritic and shows evidence of protoclastic deformation.

A northeast-southwest trend of inclusions, foliation, lineation, and contacts dominates. Primary flow structures are shown in the orientation of inclusions and micas. Secondary structures were superposed on the original flow structures shortly after intrusion and prior to complete consolidation. A prominent secondary structure is a lineation in b. Stretching in b is indicated by boudinage structures, the lineation, and small displacements of dikes. The intensity of the planar structures in the gneiss grades from strong to indistinct or lacking from east to west. Structures in schist inclusions indicate that some folding had taken place prior to intrusion.

Thin pegmatite, granodiorite, and granite dikes are common. Most of them are essentially parallel to the regional strike.

The petrographic boundary between gneiss and schist is always sharp. On a large scale, the gneiss structures are essentially parallel to the contacts, but slight to marked discordant relations occur at many localities. The schist structures usually parallel the contacts.

Petrofabric analysis confirms the structural field observations. The mica fabrics are ac-girdles and are most complete where the foliation is weakest. Microscopic s-planes do not always coincide with the observed foliation. The quartz fabrics are also ac-girdles but are not so well developed as the mica girdles. Quartz orientations cannot always be related to known s-planes.

It is concluded that the Pinckneyville quartz diorite complex represents a syntectonic intrusion—that is, that intrusion took place while external or regional forces were still active. The shape of the intrusion was controlled largely by the wall-rock structures which had developed earlier. The rocks show both igneous and metamorphic characteristics because the intrusion took place under regional metamorphic conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[181:PSAPOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gault, H., 1945, Petrography, structures, and petrofabrics of the Pinckneyville quartz diorite, Alabama: GSA Bulletin, v. 56, no. 2, p. 181-246, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[181:PSAPOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"84 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"246","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Pinckeyville Quartz Diorite Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.352783203125,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -86.275634765625,\n 33.293803558346596\n ],\n [\n -86.671142578125,\n 32.90726224488304\n ],\n [\n -86.451416015625,\n 32.519026027827515\n ],\n [\n -86.187744140625,\n 32.37068286611427\n ],\n [\n -85.572509765625,\n 32.55607364492026\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 32.96258644191747\n ],\n [\n -85.220947265625,\n 33.054716488042736\n ],\n [\n -85.352783203125,\n 33.669496972795535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, H.R.","contributorId":39042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215107,"text":"70215107 - 1945 - Explosion‐breccia in the Wrangell district, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T16:34:16.025048","indexId":"70215107","displayToPublicDate":"1945-10-07T11:25:51","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosion‐breccia in the Wrangell district, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Unusual breccias were noted at several places in the vicinity of Groundhog and Glacier Basins, about 13 miles east of Wrangell on the mainland of southeastern Alaska, in 1942 and 1943. They are similar in some respects to the clastic dikes in Colorado described by Burbank [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] and Haff [2], and to some explosion breccias in the Samoan Islands described by Stearns [3].

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR026i003p00389","usgsCitation":"Gault, H., 1945, Explosion‐breccia in the Wrangell district, southeastern Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 26, no. 3, p. 389-390, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR026i003p00389.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"390","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.4010009765625,\n 54.303704439898084\n ],\n [\n -129.92431640625,\n 54.303704439898084\n ],\n [\n -129.92431640625,\n 56.93898127004867\n ],\n [\n -135.4010009765625,\n 56.93898127004867\n ],\n [\n -135.4010009765625,\n 54.303704439898084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, H.R.","contributorId":39042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57116,"text":"ofr45106 - 1945 - Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Carlsbad, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T10:52:42","indexId":"ofr45106","displayToPublicDate":"1945-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-106","title":"Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Carlsbad, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The area included in this investigation lies in Eddy County, New Mexico, largely between the foothills of the Guadalupe Mountains on the west and the Pecos River on the east, and extends from Carlsbad southward to Black River. The Pecos River drains the entire area, and in the growing season when water is diverted at Avalon Dam for irrigation its flow in this locality is maintained largely by the numerous springs emerging in the river channel north of Carlsbad. Carlsbad and vicinity depend on ground water fro a domestic water supply as the waters of the Pecos River are too highly mineralized for domestic use. About 1,120 acres of land was irrigation by ground water in the vicinity of Carlsbad in 1940.

\n
\n

Valley fill, of Quaternary age, extends over most of the area, largely as a thin veneer, but it has a maximum known thickness of 256 feet. It is made up largely of clay with lenses of conglomerate, gravel, and sand. The Rustler formation, of upper Permian age, underlies the fills and is composed of gypsum and red beds with one persistent bed of limestone. The Salado formation, which is composed chiefly of halite (common salt), underlies the Rustler formation elsewhere buy it is absent over most of the area described in this paper. This Castile formations, which is predominantly anhydrite, underlies the Salado and overlies the Delaware Mountain group, of middle Permian age, which is deeply buried in most of the area. The upper part of the Delaware Mountain group grades into the Capitan and Carlsbad limestones to the north, east, and west, the latter being exposed near Carlsbad and in the foothills of the Guadalupe Mountain. The Carlsbad limestone in turn grades into the upper part of the Chalk Bluff formation.

\n
\n

Ground water apparently moves eastward from the Guadalupe Mountains through the Carlsbad limestone to recharge the aquifers in the Delaware Mountain, Castile, and Salado units. In these formations the water soon becomes too highly mineralized for domestic or irrigation use. A large part of the water in the Carlsbad limestone emerges in the spring area north of Carlsbad, and a part of it moves into the valley fill in Dark Canyon Arroyo. The water in the fill of Dark Canyon Arroyo moves laterally into the limestone of the Rustier formation. The water moving eastward in the valley fill and Rustier limestone becomes progressively more mineralized and in the farmland area in the Carlsbad Irrigation Dstrict it is unfit for domestic use. In addition, highly mineralized water seeping from the farmlands and canals in the Carlsbad Irrigation District commingles with the water from the west, and the resulting mixture is undesirable even for watering stock, although if necessity it is much used for that purpose.

\n
\n

Water occurs in channels of the Carlsbad limestone, and wells drilled into it generally obtain large yields id hard but potable water. The municipal supply of the city of Carlsbad is derived from 4 wells (1940) in the Carlsbad limestone. The aquifer has a high transmissibility in the vicinity of Carlsbad, as was shown by a test made on one of the wells owned by Southwestern Public Service Co. This well has a specific capacity of 275 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. The present withdrawal of water from wells penetrating the aquifers in the Carlsbad limestone averages about 4 second-feet (about 2,600,00 gallons a day). The average flow emerging in the spring area in the Pacos River north of Carlsbad is about 60 second-feet (about 40 million gallons a day). It appears that about 12 second-feet of this flow (about 8 million gallons a day) comes from aquifers in the Carlsbad limestone and that the remainder represents leakage from Lake Avalon and the canal system.

\n
\n

The valley fill is less permeable than the Carlsbad limestone but in some places sufficient yields are obtained for irrigation purposes. A test made on a well in the fill just south of Carlsbad showed the aquifer in that locality to have a transmissibility of about 60,000.

\n
\n

Contamination of the household wells in West Carlsbad does not appear to be taking place at the present time although the juxtaposition of cesspools and outhouses on the one hand and poorly cased wells for domestic water supply on the other makes the situation dangerous.

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R.H.","contributorId":73308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, C.C.","contributorId":17724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilke, F.","contributorId":93994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilke","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170437,"text":"70170437 - 1945 - The floods of May 1943 in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T12:04:25","indexId":"70170437","displayToPublicDate":"1945-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1945","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"The floods of May 1943 in Illinois","docAbstract":"

In May 1943, Illinois was subjected to a series of flood that reached major intensities in the central part of the state but decreased to minor intensity--less than the maximum for the year--in the northwestern and extreme southern part. All records were broken on lower Illinois River and on its triibutaries entering from the east, from Sangamon River south, as well as on Kaskaskia River. These floods were the result of rain during the storm period May 6-21. At no place did it rain continuously for 24 hours and in most places the limit was about half a day. An appropriate description is a series of showers that produced a series of floods on small streams. As the rains continued, the ground became more nearly saturated and the ratio of runoff to rainfall increased. As the small streams entered larger ones, with their peaks arriving at different times, the channel storage of the larger streams smoothed out the minor peaks so that the very large streams had only one peak. The magnitude of channel storage in Illinois River and its adjoining lakes is emphasized by the fact that the peak discharge at Meredosia, lasting about 44 hours, was no greater than the peak discharge of Sangamon River at Oakford, 123,000 second-feet, that lasted about an hour.

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V.","contributorId":43838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, L.B.","contributorId":37014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57042,"text":"b936R - 1944 - Manganese Deposits in the Artillery Mountains Region, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57042,"text":"b936R - 1944 - Manganese Deposits in the Artillery Mountains Region, Mohave County, Arizona","indexId":"b936R","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"chapter":"R","title":"Manganese Deposits in the Artillery Mountains Region, Mohave County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33568,"text":"b936JR - 1944 - Strategic mineral investigations, 1942, short papers and preliminary reports: Part 2, J-R","indexId":"b936JR","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"chapter":"J-R","title":"Strategic mineral investigations, 1942, short papers and preliminary reports: Part 2, J-R"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33568,"text":"b936JR - 1944 - Strategic mineral investigations, 1942, short papers and preliminary reports: Part 2, J-R","indexId":"b936JR","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic mineral investigations, 1942, short papers and preliminary reports: Part 2, J-R"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T09:32:20","indexId":"b936R","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"936","chapter":"R","title":"Manganese Deposits in the Artillery Mountains Region, Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The manganese deposits of the Artillery Mountains region lie within an area of about 25 square miles between the Artillery and Rawhide Mountains, on the west side of the Bill Williams River in west-central Arizona. The richest croppings are on the northeast side of this area, among the foothills of the Artillery Mountains. They are 6 to 10 miles from Alamo. The nearest shipping points are Congress, about 50 miles to the east, and Aguila, about 50 miles to the southeast.\r\n\r\nThe principal manganese deposits are part of a sequence of alluvial fan and playa material, probably of early Pliocene age, which were laid down in a fault basin. They are overlain by later Pliocene (?) basalt flows and sediments and by Quaternary basalt and alluvium. The Pliocene (?) rocks are folded into a shallow composite S1ncline ttat occupies the valley between the Artillery and Rawhide Mountains, and the folded rocks along either side of the valley, together with the overlying Quaternary basalt, are broken by faults that have produced a group of horsts, grabens, and step-fault blocks.\r\n\r\nThe manganiferous beds, lie at two zones, 750 to 1,000 feet apart stratigraphically, each of which is locally as much as 300 to 400 feet thick. The main, or upper, zone contains three kinds of ore - sandstone ore, clay ore, and 'hard' ore. The sandstone and clay ores differ from the associated barren sandstone and clay, with which they are interlayered and into which they grade, primarily in containing a variable proportion of amorphous manganese oxides, besides iron oxides and clayey material such as are present in the barren beds. The 'hard' ore is sandstone that has been impregnated with opal and calcite and in which the original amorphous manganese oxides have been largely converted to psilomelane and manganite. The average manganese content of the sandstone and clay ores is between 3 and 4 percent and that of the 'hard' ore is between 6 and 7 percent. The ore contains an average of 3 percent of iron, 0.08 percent of phosphorus, 1.1 percent of barium, and minute quantities of copper, lead, and zinc. Although the manganese content of the sandstone and clay ore may change abruptly from bed to bed, the content within any individual bed changes gradually, and for any large volume of ore both the nanganese and iron content are remarkably uniform.\r\n\r\nExplorations to June 1941 consisted chiefly of 49 holes diamond-drilled in the upper zone on the Artillery Mountains side of the area.\r\n\r\nThe district is estimated to contain an assured minimum of 200,000,000 tons of material having an average manganese content of 3 to 4 percent. About 20,000,000 tons of this total contains 5 percent or more of manganese, and 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 tons contains 10 percent or more. To what extent these deposits can be utilized is a metallurgical and economic problem. Although the clay and sandstone ores, as well as the 'hard' ore, are present in large tonnages, the 'hard' ore is the only kind that combines minable tonnage with promising grade. About 15,000,000 tons of 'hard' ore is present; about 500,000 tons of this contains 15 percent or more of manganese and averages 17 percent, and somewhat over 2,000,000 tons contains 10 percent or more and averages nearly 13 percent.\r\n\r\nExcept for closer drilling to determine such things as the tonnage, grade, spacing, and form of the richer shoots with greater accuracy before beginning to mine them, further explorations are not recommended, for any new ore found is likely to be similar, both in grade and kind, to that already discovered.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategic mineral investigations, 1942, short papers and preliminary reports","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b936R","usgsCitation":"Lasky, S., and Webber, B., 1944, Manganese Deposits in the Artillery Mountains Region, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 936, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b936R.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":100596,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0936r/plate-63.pdf","size":"4780","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100595,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0936r/plate-62.pdf","size":"4401","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0936r/report.pdf","size":"4967","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0936r/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Mohave","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,31 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -109,37 ], [ -109,31 ], [ -115,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasky, S.G.","contributorId":16493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasky","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webber, B.N.","contributorId":93334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}