![\"Math](\"http://www.fsijournal.org/cms/attachment/2085453690/2073866098/si1.gif\")
The hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2HVSMOW-SLAP) of USGS42 and USGS43 human hair stable isotopic reference materials, normalized to the VSMOW (Vienna-Standard Mean Ocean Water)–SLAP (Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, was originally determined with a high temperature conversion technique using an elemental analyzer (TC/EA) with a glassy carbon tube and glassy carbon filling and analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method can produce inaccurate δ2HVSMOW-SLAPresults when analyzing nitrogen-bearing organic substances owing to the formation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), leading to non-quantitative conversion of a sample into molecular hydrogen (H2) for IRMS analysis. A single-oven, chromium-filled, elemental analyzer (Cr-EA) coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability of hydrogen isotopic analysis of hydrogen- and nitrogen-bearing organic material because hot chromium scavenges all reactive elements except hydrogen. USGS42 and USGS43 human hair isotopic reference materials have been analyzed with the Cr-EA IRMS method, and the δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values of their non-exchangeable hydrogen fractions have been revised:
![\"Math](\"http://www.fsijournal.org/cms/attachment/2085453690/2073866099/si2.gif\")
where mUr = 0.001 = ‰. On average, these revised δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values are 5.7 mUr more positive than those previously measured. It is critical that readers pay attention to the δ2HVSMOW-SLAP of isotopic reference materials in publications as they may need to adjust the δ2HVSMOW–SLAP measurement results of human hair in previous publications to ensure all results are on the same isotope-delta scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.029","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Qi, H., 2016, A revision in hydrogen isotopic composition of USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair stable isotopic reference materials for forensic science: Forensic Science International, v. 266, p. 222-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.029.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-075581","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"266","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f3e4b014cc3a3ba4a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184317,"text":"70184317 - 2016 - Mapping changing distributions of dominant species in oil-contaminated salt marshes of Louisiana using imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:15:12","indexId":"70184317","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping changing distributions of dominant species in oil-contaminated salt marshes of Louisiana using imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was the largest coastal spill in U.S. history. Monitoring subsequent change in marsh plant community distributions is critical to assess ecosystem impacts and to establish future coastal management priorities. Strategically deployed airborne imaging spectrometers, like the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), offer the spectral and spatial resolution needed to differentiate plant species. However, obtaining satisfactory and consistent classification accuracies over time is a major challenge, particularly in dynamic intertidal landscapes.
Here, we develop and evaluate an image classification system for a time series of AVIRIS data for mapping dominant species in a heavily oiled salt marsh ecosystem. Using field-referenced image endmembers and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), we classified 21 AVIRIS images acquired during the fall of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Classification results were evaluated using ground surveys that were conducted contemporaneously to AVIRIS collection dates. We analyzed changes in dominant species cover from 2010 to 2012 for oiled and non-oiled shorelines.
CDA discriminated dominant species with a high level of accuracy (overall accuracy = 82%, kappa = 0.78) and consistency over three imaging dates (overall2010 = 82%, overall2011 = 82%, overall2012 = 88%). Marshes dominated by Spartina alterniflora were the most spatially abundant in shoreline zones (≤ 28 m from shore) for all three dates (2010 = 79%, 2011 = 61%, 2012 = 63%), followed by Juncus roemerianus (2010 = 11%, 2011 = 19%, 2012 = 17%) and Distichlis spicata (2010 = 4%, 2011 = 10%, 2012 = 7%).
Marshes that were heavily contaminated with oil exhibited variable responses from 2010 to 2012. Marsh vegetation classes converted to a subtidal, open water class along oiled and non-oiled shorelines that were similarly situated in the landscape. However, marsh loss along oil-contaminated shorelines doubled that of non-oiled shorelines. Only S. alterniflora dominated marshes were extensively degraded, losing 15% (354,604 m2) cover in oiled shoreline zones, suggesting that S. alterniflora marshes may be more vulnerable to shoreline erosion following hydrocarbon stress, due to their landscape position.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.024","usgsCitation":"Beland, M., Roberts, D.A., Peterson, S.H., Biggs, T.W., Kokaly, R., Piazza, S., Roth, K.L., Khanna, S., and Ustin, S.L., 2016, Mapping changing distributions of dominant species in oil-contaminated salt marshes of Louisiana using imaging spectroscopy: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 182, p. 192-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.024.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"207","ipdsId":"IP-069176","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81m5219m","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","volume":"182","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f3e4b014cc3a3ba4a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beland, Michael","contributorId":139569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beland","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Seth H.","contributorId":139568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggs, Trent W.","contributorId":187592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biggs","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piazza, Sarai 0000-0001-6962-9008 piazzas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":169024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai","email":"piazzas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roth, Keely L.","contributorId":187593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roth","given":"Keely","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Khanna, Shruti","contributorId":74287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanna","given":"Shruti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ustin, Susan L.","contributorId":52878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70184319,"text":"70184319 - 2016 - Accommodation space in a high-wave-energy inner-shelf during the Holocene marine transgression: Correlation of onshore and offshore inner-shelf deposits (0–12 ka) in the Columbia River littoral cell system, Washington and Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:08:31","indexId":"70184319","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accommodation space in a high-wave-energy inner-shelf during the Holocene marine transgression: Correlation of onshore and offshore inner-shelf deposits (0–12 ka) in the Columbia River littoral cell system, Washington and Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"The Columbia River Littoral Cell (CRLC), a high-wave-energy littoral system, extends 160 km alongshore, generally north of the large Columbia River, and 10–15 km in across-shelf distance from paleo-beach backshores to about 50 m present water depths. Onshore drill holes (19 in number and 5–35 m in subsurface depth) and offshore vibracores (33 in number and 1–5 m in subsurface depth) constrain inner-shelf sand grain sizes (sample means 0.13–0.25 mm) and heavy mineral source indicators (> 90% Holocene Columbia River sand) of the inner-shelf facies (≥ 90% fine sand). Stratigraphic correlation of the transgressive ravinement surface in onshore drill holes and in offshore seismic reflection profiles provide age constraints (0–12 ka) on post-ravinement inner-shelf deposits, using paleo-sea level curves and radiocarbon dates. Post-ravinement deposit thickness (1–50 m) and long-term sedimentation rates (0.4–4.4 m ka− 1) are positively correlated to the cross-shelf gradients (0.36–0.63%) of the transgressive ravinement surface. The total post-ravinement fill volume of fine littoral sand (2.48 × 1010 m3) in the inner-shelf represents about 2.07 × 106 m3 year− 1 fine sand accumulation rate during the last 12 ka, or about one third of the estimated middle- to late-Holocene Columbia River bedload or sand discharge (5–6 × 106 m3 year− 1) to the littoral zone. The fine sand accumulation in the inner-shelf represents post-ravinement accommodation space resulting from 1) geometry and depth of the transgressive ravinement surface, 2) post-ravinement sea-level rise, and 3) fine sand dispersal in the inner-shelf by combined high-wave-energy and geostrophic flow/down-welling drift currents during major winter storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.007","usgsCitation":"Peterson, C.D., Twichell, D.C., Roberts, M.C., Vanderburgh, S., and Hostetler, S.W., 2016, Accommodation space in a high-wave-energy inner-shelf during the Holocene marine transgression: Correlation of onshore and offshore inner-shelf deposits (0–12 ka) in the Columbia River littoral cell system, Washington and Oregon, USA: Marine Geology, v. 379, p. 140-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-075517","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_fac/96","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","volume":"379","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f1e4b014cc3a3ba495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, C. D.","contributorId":187596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, D. C.","contributorId":187597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, M. C.","contributorId":187598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanderburgh, S.","contributorId":187599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderburgh","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182077,"text":"70182077 - 2016 - Evidence for wild waterfowl origin of H7N3 influenza A virus detected in captive-reared New Jersey pheasants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:28:42","indexId":"70182077","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":892,"text":"Archives of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for wild waterfowl origin of H7N3 influenza A virus detected in captive-reared New Jersey pheasants","docAbstract":"In August 2014, a low-pathogenic H7N3 influenza A virus was isolated from pheasants at a New Jersey gamebird farm and hunting preserve. In this study, we use phylogenetic analyses and calculations of genetic similarity to gain inference into the genetic ancestry of this virus and to identify potential routes of transmission. Results of maximum-likelihood (ML) and maximum-clade-credibility (MCC) phylogenetic analyses provide evidence that A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 (H7N3) had closely related H7 hemagglutinin (HA) and N3 neuraminidase (NA) gene segments as compared to influenza A viruses circulating among wild waterfowl in the central and eastern USA. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestry (TMRCA) between the pheasant virus and those most closely related from wild waterfowl was early 2013 for both the H7 HA and N3 NA gene segments. None of the viruses from waterfowl identified as being most closely related to A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 at the HA and NA gene segments in ML and MCC phylogenetic analyses shared ≥99 % nucleotide sequence identity for internal gene segment sequences. This result indicates that specific viral strains identified in this study as being closely related to the HA and NA gene segments of A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014 were not the direct predecessors of the etiological agent identified during the New Jersey outbreak. However, the recent common ancestry of the H7 and N3 gene segments of waterfowl-origin viruses and the virus isolated from pheasants suggests that viral diversity maintained in wild waterfowl likely played an important role in the emergence of A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00705-016-2947-z","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Kim Torchetti, M., Poulson, R.L., Carter, D.L., Reeves, A.B., Link, P., Walther, P., Lebarbenchon, C., and Stallknecht, D.E., 2016, Evidence for wild waterfowl origin of H7N3 influenza A virus detected in captive-reared New Jersey pheasants: Archives of Virology, v. 161, no. 9, p. 2519-2526, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2947-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2519","endPage":"2526","ipdsId":"IP-073296","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11302360","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"161","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c832e4b025c46428628c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00705-016-2947-z","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2947-z","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Ramey Andrew M., Kim Torchetti Mia, Poulson Rebecca L., Carter Deborah, Reeves Andrew B., Link Paul, Walther Patrick, Lebarbenchon Camille, Stallknecht David E.","journalName":"Archives of Virology","publicationDate":"7/2/2016","auditedOn":"2/8/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim Torchetti, Mia","contributorId":139355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim Torchetti","given":"Mia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12747,"text":"USDA APHIS VS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulson, Rebecca L.","contributorId":68669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Deborah L.","contributorId":87473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Link, Paul","contributorId":22707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walther, Patrick","contributorId":42153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lebarbenchon, Camille","contributorId":140670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebarbenchon","given":"Camille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":20230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70175051,"text":"70175051 - 2016 - Validation of the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model version 3 over the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T18:08:58","indexId":"70175051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5650,"text":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","onlineIssn":"2194-9034","printIssn":"1682-1750","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Validation of the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model version 3 over the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 3 (GDEM v3) was evaluated over the conterminous United States in a manner similar to the validation conducted for the original GDEM Version 1 (v1) in 2009 and GDEM Version 2 (v2) in 2011. The absolute vertical accuracy of GDEM v3 was calculated by comparison with more than 23,000 independent reference geodetic ground control points from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey. The root mean square error (RMSE) measured for GDEM v3 is 8.52 meters. This compares with the RMSE of 8.68 meters for GDEM v2. Another important descriptor of vertical accuracy is the mean error, or bias, which indicates if a DEM has an overall vertical offset from true ground level. The GDEM v3 mean error of −1.20 meters reflects an overall negative bias in GDEM v3. The absolute vertical accuracy assessment results, both mean error and RMSE, were segmented by land cover type to provide insight into how GDEM v3 performs in various land surface conditions. While the RMSE varies little across cover types (6.92 to 9.25 meters), the mean error (bias) does appear to be affected by land cover type, ranging from −2.99 to +4.16 meters across 14 land cover classes. These results indicate that in areas where built or natural aboveground features are present, GDEM v3 is measuring elevations above the ground level, a condition noted in assessments of previous GDEM versions (v1 and v2) and an expected condition given the type of stereo-optical image data collected by ASTER. GDEM v3 was also evaluated by differencing with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) dataset. In many forested areas, GDEM v3 has elevations that are higher in the canopy than SRTM. The overall validation effort also included an evaluation of the GDEM v3 water mask. In general, the number of distinct water polygons in GDEM v3 is much lower than the number in a reference land cover dataset, but the total areas compare much more closely.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: XXIII ISPRS Congress, Commission IV (Volume XLI-B4)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXIII ISPRS Congress","conferenceDate":"July 12-19, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Prague, Czech Republic","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-143-2016","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., Danielson, J.J., and Meyer, D., 2016, Validation of the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model version 3 over the conterminous United States, in Proceedings: XXIII ISPRS Congress, Commission IV (Volume XLI-B4), v. XLI-B4, Prague, Czech Republic, July 12-19, 2016, p. 143-148, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-143-2016.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"148","ipdsId":"IP-075782","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-143-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"XLI-B4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f953","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Halounova, 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free water by nesting lesser prairie-chickens","docAbstract":"The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a grassland grouse of semiarid regions. Use of free water has been hypothesized as necessary for egg formation during drought. We assessed the use of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, δ2H) to determine if female lesser prairie-chickens use and incorporate free water during egg formation by testing the relationship between isotope ratios in available free water and eggshells. We collected eggshells from 124 nests and 282 free water samples from three sites in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. Eggshells had δ2H values similar to free water in the year of severe drought but were dissimilar the year with lessened drought severity. With an established link between lesser prairie-chicken eggshells and free water during severe drought, we have identified a mechanism behind observations of lesser prairie-chicken water use. We have demonstrated that hydrogen isotopes can be used to test research questions related to use of free water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.187","usgsCitation":"Robinson, S.G., Haukos, D.A., Sullins, D.S., and Plumb, R.T., 2016, Use of free water by nesting lesser prairie-chickens: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 187-193, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.187.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-071375","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dee4b077fc20250e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Samantha G.","contributorId":172786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullins, Daniel S.","contributorId":166689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plumb, Reid T.","contributorId":172787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumb","given":"Reid","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178354,"text":"70178354 - 2016 - Biochemical and clinical responses of Common Eiders to implanted satellite transmitters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-15T12:02:59","indexId":"70178354","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical and clinical responses of Common Eiders to implanted satellite transmitters","docAbstract":"Implanted biologging devices, such as satellite-linked platform transmitter terminals (PTTs), have been used widely to delineate populations and identify movement patterns of sea ducks. Although in some cases these ecological studies could reveal transmitter effects on behavior and mortality, experiments conducted under controlled conditions can provide valuable information to understand the influence of implanted tags on health and physiology. We report the clinical, mass, biochemical, and histological responses of captive Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) implanted with PTTs with percutaneous antennas. We trained 6 individuals to dive 4.9 m for their food, allowed them to acclimate to this dive depth, and implanted them with PTTs. We collected data before surgery to establish baselines, and for 3.5 mo after surgery. The first feeding dive took place 22 hr after surgery, with 5 of 6 birds diving to the bottom within 35 hr of surgery. Plumage waterproofing around surgical sites was reduced ≤21 days after surgery. Mass; albumin; albumin:globulin ratio; aspartate aminotransferase; β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins; creatine kinase; fecal glucocorticoid metabolites; heterophil:lymphocyte ratio; and packed cell volume changed from baseline on one or more of the postsurgery sampling dates, and some changes were still evident 3.5 mo after surgery. Our findings show that Common Eiders physiologically responded for up to 3.5 mo after surgical implantation of a PTT, with the greatest response occurring within the first few weeks of implantation. These responses support the need for postsurgery censor periods for satellite telemetry data and should be considered when designing studies and analyzing information from PTTs in sea ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-7.1","usgsCitation":"Latty, C.J., Hollmen, T.E., Petersen, M.R., Powell, A., and Andrews, R.D., 2016, Biochemical and clinical responses of Common Eiders to implanted satellite transmitters: The Condor, v. 118, no. 3, p. 489-501, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-7.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"501","ipdsId":"IP-076365","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-7.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MR0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Common Eider Blood Chemistry Data, Alaska, 2005"},{"id":331010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582c2ce5e4b0c253be072c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latty, Christopher J.","contributorId":146588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latty","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollmen, Tuula E.","contributorId":106077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"Tuula","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, Russel D.","contributorId":146589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Russel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16211,"text":"Alaska SeaLife Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182776,"text":"70182776 - 2016 - Associations of stream health to altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:52:47","indexId":"70182776","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of stream health to altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Alteration of streamflow and thermal conditions may adversely affect lotic invertebrate communities, but few studies have assessed these phenomena using indicators that control for the potentially confounding influence of natural variability. We designed a study to assess how flow and thermal alteration influence stream health – as indicated by the condition of invertebrate communities. We studied thirty streams in the Sierra Nevada, California, that span a wide range of hydrologic modification due to storage reservoirs and hydroelectric diversions. Daily water temperature and streamflows were monitored, and basic chemistry and habitat conditions were characterized when invertebrate communities were sampled. Streamflow alteration, thermal alteration, and invertebrate condition were quantified by predicting site-specific natural expectations using statistical models developed using data from regional reference sites. Monthly flows were typically depleted (relative to natural expectations) during fall, winter, and spring. Most hydrologically altered sites experienced cooled thermal conditions in summer, with mean daily temperatures as much 12 °C below natural expectations. The most influential predictor of invertebrate community condition was the degree of alteration of March flows, which suggests that there are key interactions between hydrological and biological processes during this month in Sierra Nevada streams. Thermal alteration was also an important predictor – particularly at sites with the most severe hydrological alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1703","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Nelson, S.M., and May, J., 2016, Associations of stream health to altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California: Ecohydrology, v. 9, no. 6, p. 930-941, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1703.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"941","ipdsId":"IP-068697","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba7e4b01ccd5500bb0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. Mark","contributorId":139081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":12646,"text":"BOR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":184174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174861,"text":"70174861 - 2016 - Three-dimensional numerical modeling of mixing at the junction of the Calumet-Sag Channel and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal: A comparison between density-driven and advection-driven mixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T10:14:22","indexId":"70174861","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three-dimensional numerical modeling of mixing at the junction of the Calumet-Sag Channel and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal: A comparison between density-driven and advection-driven mixing","docAbstract":"The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) includes the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) and the Calumet-Sag Channel (Cal-Sag), the two primary, man-made connections between the Mississippi River Basin and the Great Lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors diversion of Great Lakes water at a streamgage just downstream of the confluence of the CSSC and Cal-Sag (known as Sag Junction). Previous studies have explored the complex hydrodynamics in the CAWS near Sag Junction and at the USGS streamgage near Lemont, Illinois. The current study explores the mixing at Sag Junction which can be purely advection-driven or driven by density differences between the two branches. The current study simulates and analyzes two cases: 1) the density of water in CSSC is greater than in the Cal-Sag, 2) the density of the CSSC water is less than in the Cal-Sag. The density difference between the branches was found to play a major role in influencing the mixing process compared with purely advection-driven mixing. Density differences created near-bed gravity currents, some of which\r\nintruded upstream into the CSSC or Cal-Sag creating bi-directional flows. The phenomenon of double plunging was observed, along with formation of a recirculation zone between the two plunging fronts. Local mixing at the confluence was enhanced by density differences between the two channels, but mixing downstream from the confluence was impeded due to formation of a stabilizing stratification.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016)","conferenceDate":"July 11-14, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Iowa City, IA","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781138029132","usgsCitation":"Wang, D., Dudda, S., Jackson, P., and Garcia, M., 2016, Three-dimensional numerical modeling of mixing at the junction of the Calumet-Sag Channel and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal: A comparison between density-driven and advection-driven mixing, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016), Iowa City, IA, July 11-14, 2016, p. 1587-1595.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1595","ipdsId":"IP-072509","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325420,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/River-Flow-2016-Iowa-City-USA-July-11-14-2016/Constantinescu-Garcia-Hanes/p/book/9781138029132"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f94e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Constantinescu, George","contributorId":174167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constantinescu","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7241,"text":"IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648318,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648319,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, Dan","contributorId":174168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanes","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12995,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648320,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Dongchen","contributorId":172975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Dongchen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27130,"text":"UIUC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudda, Som","contributorId":172976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dudda","given":"Som","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27130,"text":"UIUC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan pjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":169284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","email":"pjackson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174862,"text":"70174862 - 2016 - Seiche-induced unsteady flows in the Huron-Erie Corridor: Spectral analysis of oscillations in stage and discharge in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T09:47:50","indexId":"70174862","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seiche-induced unsteady flows in the Huron-Erie Corridor: Spectral analysis of oscillations in stage and discharge in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers","docAbstract":"Animations of highly dynamic water-surface profiles through the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers have identified transient disturbances propagating from Lakes Huron and Erie into the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, respectively. To determine any relation to seiche and tidal oscillations on Lakes Huron\r\nand Erie, a spectral analysis was performed on stage and discharge data from the Huron-Erie Corridor. There is excellent agreement between the observed oscillations in stage and discharge in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers and the documented frequencies of oscillations in Lakes Huron and Erie. The fundamental seiche, some higher-order seiche modes, and the semidiurnal tide from Lakes Huron and Erie are evident in the stage and discharge records at gages along the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, respectively. Lake St. Clair appears to act as a damper in the system. If not accounted for, these oscillations may complicate monitoring, modeling, and restoration of this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016)","conferenceDate":"July 11-14, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Iowa City, IA","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"978-1-138-02913-2","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., 2016, Seiche-induced unsteady flows in the Huron-Erie Corridor: Spectral analysis of oscillations in stage and discharge in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flows 2016), Iowa City, IA, July 11-14, 2016, p. 235-241.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"241","ipdsId":"IP-073930","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325421,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/River-Flow-2016-Iowa-City-USA-July-11-14-2016/Constantinescu-Garcia-Hanes/p/book/9781138029132"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f942","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Contantinescu, G.","contributorId":174465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contantinescu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, M.","contributorId":45187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648309,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, D.","contributorId":174466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. 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The Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) is globally threatened and the most vulnerable goose species endemic to East Asia due to its small and rapidly declining population. To address a current knowledge gap in demographic parameters of the Swan Goose, available datasets were compiled from neck-collar resighting and telemetry studies, and two different models were used to estimate their survival rates. Results of a mark-resighting model using 15 years of neck-collar data (2001–2015) provided age-dependent survival rates and season-dependent encounter rates with a constant neck-collar retention rate. Annual survival rate was 0.638 (95% CI: 0.378–0.803) for adults and 0.122 (95% CI: 0.028–0.286) for first-year juveniles. Known-fate models were applied to the single season of telemetry data (autumn 2014) and estimated a mean annual survival rate of 0.408 (95% CI: 0.152–0.670) with higher but non-significant differences for adults (0.477) vs. juveniles (0.306). Our findings indicate that Swan Goose survival rates are comparable to the lowest rates reported for European or North American goose species. Poor survival may be a key demographic parameter contributing to their declining trend. Quantitative threat assessments and associated conservation measures, such as restricting hunting, may be a key step to mitigate for their low survival rates and maintain or enhance their population.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0307","usgsCitation":"Choi, C., Lee, K., Poyarkov, N.D., Park, J., Lee, H., Takekawa, J.Y., Smith, L.M., Ely, C.R., Wang, X., Cao, L., Fox, A.D., Goroshko, O., Batbayar, N., Prosser, D.J., and Xiao, X., 2016, Low survival rates of Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) estimated from neck-collar resighting and telemetry: Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 3, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0307.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-075702","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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features of climate and the spatial heterogeneity of climate change. This review summarizes available information from diverse Holocene paleoenvironmental records across eastern Beringia (Alaska, westernmost Canada and adjacent seas), and it quantifies the primary trends of temperature- and moisture-sensitive records based in part on midges, pollen, and biogeochemical indicators (compiled in the recently published Arctic Holocene database, and updated here to v2.1). The composite time series from these proxy records are compared with new summaries of mountain-glacier and lake-level fluctuations, terrestrial water-isotope records, sea-ice and sea-surface-temperature analyses, and peatland and thaw-lake initiation frequencies to clarify multi-centennial- to millennial-scale trends in Holocene climate change. To focus the synthesis, the paleo data are used to frame specific questions that can be addressed with simulations by Earth system models to investigate the causes and dynamics of past and future climate change. This systematic review shows that, during the early Holocene (11.7–8.2 ka; 1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP), rather than a prominent thermal maximum as suggested previously, temperatures were highly variable, at times both higher and lower than present (approximate mid-20th-century average), with no clear spatial pattern. Composited pollen, midge and other proxy records average out the variability and show the overall lowest summer and mean-annual temperatures across the study region during the earliest Holocene, followed by warming over the early Holocene. The sparse data available on early Holocene glaciation show that glaciers in southern Alaska were as extensive then as they were during the late Holocene. Early Holocene lake levels were low in interior Alaska, but moisture indicators show pronounced differences across the region. The highest frequency of both peatland and thaw-lake initiation ages also occurred during the early Holocene. During the middle Holocene (8.2–4.2 ka), glaciers retreated as the regional average temperature increased to a maximum between 7 and 5 ka, as reflected in most proxy types. Following the middle Holocene thermal maximum, temperatures decreased starting between 4 and 3 ka, signaling the onset of Neoglacial cooling. Glaciers in the Brooks and Alaska Ranges advanced to their maximum Holocene extent as lakes generally rose to modern levels. Temperature differences for averaged 500-year time steps typically ranged by 1–2 °C for individual records in the Arctic Holocene database, with a transition to a cooler late Holocene that was neither abrupt nor spatially coherent. The longest and highest-resolution terrestrial water isotope records previously interpreted to represent changes in the Aleutian low-pressure system around this time are here shown to be largely contradictory. Furthermore, there are too few records with sufficient resolution to identify sub-centennial-scale climate anomalies, such as the 8.2 ka event. The review concludes by suggesting some priorities for future paleoclimate research in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021","usgsCitation":"Kaufman, D.S., Axford, Y.L., Henderson, A.C., McKay, N.P., Oswald, W., Saenger, C., Anderson, R., Bailey, H.L., Clegg, B., Gajewski, K., Hu, F.S., Jones, M.C., Massa, C., Routson, C.C., Werner, A., Wooller, M.J., and Yu, Z., 2016, Holocene climate changes in eastern Beringia (NW North America) – A systematic review of multi-proxy evidence: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 147, p. 312-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"339","ipdsId":"IP-068458","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a0e4b0764e6c60e7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S.","contributorId":192787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axford, Yarrow L.","contributorId":192788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axford","given":"Yarrow","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Andrew C.G.","contributorId":192789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKay, Nicolas P.","contributorId":192790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Nicolas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oswald, W. 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Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bailey, Hannah L.","contributorId":192793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clegg, Benjamin","contributorId":192794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gajewski, Konrad","contributorId":192795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gajewski","given":"Konrad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hu, Feng Sheng","contributorId":192796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Feng","email":"","middleInitial":"Sheng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Massa, Charly","contributorId":192797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massa","given":"Charly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Routson, Cody C. 0000-0001-8694-7809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-7809","contributorId":187600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Routson","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Werner, Al","contributorId":192798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Al","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":192799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70195835,"text":"70195835 - 2016 - Estimating microcystin levels at recreational sites in western Lake Erie and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T10:40:01","indexId":"70195835","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating microcystin levels at recreational sites in western Lake Erie and Ohio","docAbstract":"Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and associated toxins, such as microcystin, are a major global water-quality issue. Water-resource managers need tools to quickly predict when and where toxin-producing cyanoHABs will occur. This could be done by using site-specific models that estimate the potential for elevated toxin concentrations that cause public health concerns. With this study, samples were collected at three Ohio lakes to identify environmental and water-quality factors to develop linear-regression models to estimate microcystin levels. Measures of the algal community (phycocyanin, cyanobacterial biovolume, and cyanobacterial gene concentrations) and pH were most strongly correlated with microcystin concentrations. Cyanobacterial genes were quantified for general cyanobacteria, general Microcystis and Dolichospermum, and for microcystin synthetase (mcyE) for Microcystis, Dolichospermum, and Planktothrix. For phycocyanin, the relations were different between sites and were different between hand-held measurements on-site and nearby continuous monitor measurements for the same site. Continuous measurements of parameters such as phycocyanin, pH, and temperature over multiple days showed the highest correlations to microcystin concentrations. The development of models with high R2values (0.81–0.90), sensitivities (92%), and specificities (100%) for estimating microcystin concentrations above or below the Ohio Recreational Public Health Advisory level of 6 μg L−1 was demonstrated for one site; these statistics may change as more data are collected in subsequent years. This study showed that models could be developed for estimates of exceeding a microcystin threshold concentration at a recreational freshwater lake site, with potential to expand their use to provide relevant public health information to water resource managers and the public for both recreational and drinking waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2016.07.003","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Brady, A.M., Ecker, C.D., Graham, J.L., Stelzer, E.A., Struffolino, P., and Loftin, K.A., 2016, Estimating microcystin levels at recreational sites in western Lake Erie and Ohio: Harmful Algae, v. 58, p. 23-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.07.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-068433","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","volume":"58","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee98be4b0da30c1bfc568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, Amie M.G. 0000-0002-7414-0992 amgbrady@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-0992","contributorId":2544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie","email":"amgbrady@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ecker, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0353-5855 cdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-5855","contributorId":149530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ecker","given":"Christopher","email":"cdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Struffolino, Pamela","contributorId":202922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Struffolino","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192761,"text":"70192761 - 2016 - Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:58:56","indexId":"70192761","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality","docAbstract":"Natural resource managers are seeking appropriate chemical eradication and control protocols for infestations of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1769), and quagga mussels. D. rostiformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) that have limited effect on non-target species. Applications of low concentrations of potassium salt (as potash) have shown promise for use where the infestation and treatment can be contained or isolated. To further our understanding of such applications and obtain data that could support a pesticide registration, we conducted studies of the acute and chronic toxicity of potassium chloride to dreissenid mussels in four different water sources from infested and non-infested locations (ground water from northern Idaho, surface water from the Snake River, Idaho, USA, surface water from Lake Ontario, Ontario, Canada, and surface water from the Colorado River, Arizona, USA). We found short term exposure of veligers (< 24 h) to concentrations of 960 mg/L KCl produced rapid mortality in water from three locations, but veligers tested in Colorado River water were resistant. We used probit models to compare the mortality responses, predicted median lethal times and 95% confidence intervals. In separate experiments, we explored the sensitivity of byssal stage mussels in chronic exposures (>29 d) at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L KCl. Rapid mortality occurred within 10 d of exposure to concentrations of 200 mg/L KCl, regardless of water source. Kaplan-Meier estimates of mean survival of byssal mussels in 100 mg/L KCl prepared in surface water from Idaho and Lake Ontario were 4.9 or 6.9 d, respectively; however, mean survival of mussels tested in the Colorado River water was > 23 d. The sodium content of the Colorado River water was nearly three times that measured in waters from the other locations, and we hypothesized sodium concentrations may affect mussel survival. To test our hypothesis, we supplemented Snake River and Lake Ontario water with NaCl to equivalent conductivity as the Colorado River, and found mussel survival increased to levels observed in tests of veliger and byssal mussels in Colorado River water. We recommend KCl disinfection and eradication protocols must be developed to carefully consider the water quality characteristics of treatment locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., Stockton-Fiti, K.A., and Claudi, R., 2016, Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 3, p. 257-268, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-073121","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9dbe4b09af898c8cc5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockton-Fiti, Kelly A.","contributorId":200103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockton-Fiti","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claudi, Renata","contributorId":171420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claudi","given":"Renata","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26908,"text":"RNT Consulting Inc., Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176178,"text":"70176178 - 2016 - Safety of the molluscicide Zequanox (R) to nontarget macroinvertebrates Gammarus lacustris (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) and Hexagenia spp. (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T16:05:18","indexId":"70176178","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Safety of the molluscicide Zequanox (R) to nontarget macroinvertebrates Gammarus lacustris (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) and Hexagenia spp. (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)","docAbstract":"Zequanox® is a commercial formulation of the killed bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A), that was developed to control dreissenid mussels. In 2014, Zequanox became the second product registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for use in open water environments as a molluscicide. Previous nontarget studies demonstrated the safety and selectivity of P. fluorescens CL154A, but the database on the toxicity of the formulation (Zequanox) is limited for macroinvertebrate taxa and exposure conditions. We evaluated the safety of Zequanox to the amphipod Gammarus lacustris lacustris, and nymphs of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia spp. at the maximum approved concentration (100 mg/L active ingredient, A.I.) and exposure duration (8 h). Survival of animals was assessed after 8 h of exposure and again at 24 and 96 h post-exposure. Histopathology of the digestive tract of control and treated animals was compared at 96 h post-exposure. The results showed no significant effect of Zequanox on survival of either species. Survival of G. lacustris exceeded 85% in all concentrations at all three sampling time points. Survival of Hexagenia spp. ranged from 71% (control) to 91% at 8 h, 89–93% at 24 h post-exposure, and 70–73% at 96 h post-exposure across all treatments. We saw no evidence of pathology in the visceral organs of treated animals. Our results indicate that application of Zequanox at the maximum approved concentration and exposure duration did not cause significant mortality or treatment-related histopathological changes to G. lacustris and Hexagenia spp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre - REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.06","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Luoma, J.A., and Erickson, R.A., 2016, Safety of the molluscicide Zequanox (R) to nontarget macroinvertebrates Gammarus lacustris (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) and Hexagenia spp. (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae): Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 3, p. 269-280, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.06.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-071502","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.06","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1ade4b0f2f0cebf11b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175411,"text":"sir20165034 - 2016 - Regional chloride distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:24:36","indexId":"sir20165034","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5034","title":"Regional chloride distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","docAbstract":"The aquifers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain are the principal source of water supply for the region’s nearly 20 million residents. Water quality and water levels in the aquifers, and maintenance of streamflow, are of concern because of the use of this natural resource for water supply and because of the possible effects of climate change and changes in land use on groundwater. The long-term sustainability of this natural resource is a concern at the local community scale, as well as at a regional scale, across state boundaries. In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a regional assessment of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers. An important part of this assessment is a regional interpretation of the extent of saltwater and the proximity of saltwater to fresh-groundwater resources and includes samples and published interpretations of chloride concentrations newly available since the last regional chloride assessment in 1989. This updated assessment also includes consideration of chloride samples and refined interpretations that stem from the 1994 discovery of the buried 35 million year old Chesapeake Bay impact structure that has substantially altered the understanding of the hydrogeologic framework and saltwater distribution in eastern Virginia.
\nIn this study, the regional area of concern for the chloride samples and interpretations extends from the Fall Line in the west to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf in the east and from the eastern tip of Long Island in the north to about halfway down the North Carolina coast in the south. Discussions of chloride distribution are presented for each of the 10 regional aquifer layers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, including the offshore extents. Maps of interpreted lines of equal concentration or isochlors were manually prepared for nine of the regional aquifers; a map was not prepared for the surficial regional aquifer. The isochlor interpretations include the offshore extent of the nine regional aquifers and are presented on a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Vertically, the chloride samples and interpretations range from deepest (oldest) to shallowest (youngest)—Potomac-Patuxent, Potomac-Patapsco, Magothy, Matawan, Monmouth-Mount Laurel, Aquia, Piney Point, Lower Chesapeake, and Upper Chesapeake regional aquifers.
\nThe approach of this study maximizes the overall density of chloride information and data by assessing relevant published interpretations, all USGS chloride samples, and all relevant offshore samples in one comprehensive interpretation. Published isochlors, where they were interpreted by regional aquifer, were used as much as possible for this regional isochlor assessment. Publication dates for the isochlors used range from 1982 to 2015, and the scales for the isochlors range from local (county or municipality) to state (sub-regional) to regional. The USGS National Water Information System database provided well sample data for the parts of aquifers that are mainly beneath the land areas and yielded 37,517 water-quality records for 1903 through 2011. Published data reports from four phases of research-related offshore coring (1976, 1993, 1997, 2009) were the main source of water-quality data for the parts of aquifers from the shoreline to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf and yielded samples from multiple depths of each of 13 cores. This study also used interpretations and offshore core data from the last regional chloride assessment (1989) which, in addition to 7 offshore cores, included water-quality data from about 500 wells, and borehole geophysics interpretations from a subset of 11 wells. All published information and data that were used in this study were considered time independent and did not assess the published interpretations or data for temporal trends. The approach used here examined only published interpretations and available chloride data, and did not directly use supplemental techniques that can provide insight into the distribution of saltwater, such as geochemical characterization, borehole geophysical information, and geochronology.
\nIsochlor maps for this study are limited to manual interpretations of the 250-milligram per liter (mg/L) and 10,000-mg/L boundaries developed for 9 of the 10 regional aquifers that constitute the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. For a given aquifer, the approach was to initially consider published isochlor interpretations, where available, then to modify the published interpretations, if necessary, to the extent indicated by the well and core samples. The final step was to interpolate isochlors to the full extent of each aquifer layer in areas with sufficient samples or cited interpretations, or to extrapolate isochlors in areas with no samples or where samples were sparse.
\nThe principal limitation of this study is that, because of its regional extent, data and information density can vary greatly, and thus confidence in interpretations can vary widely for onshore and offshore areas across the study area. In areas of sparse data, some samples of elevated chloride could be misinterpreted as being part of a regional elevated chloride trend, and in other cases, an elevated concentration could be misinterpreted as being of only local importance. The interpretive work of this study was applied to a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Locations of isochlors, wells, cores, political boundaries, and shorelines are meant to be considered approximate.
\nThe isochlors presented in this study were manually interpreted for each aquifer unit as a conceptual representation of an equal concentration line approximately in the middle of an aquifer’s thickness. Differences in chloride concentration lines between the top and bottom of an aquifer could be substantial, especially for the thick parts of aquifers, but that information is not presented in this regional assessment.
\nAlthough additional offshore chloride data are available compared to 27 years ago (1989), the offshore information remains sparse, resulting in less confidence in the offshore interpretations than in the onshore interpretations. Regionally, the 250- and 10,000-mg/L isochlors tend to map progressively eastward from the deepest to the shallowest aquifers across the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system but with some exceptions. The additional data, conceptual understanding, and interpretations in the vicinity of the buried Chesapeake Bay impact structure in eastern Virginia resulted in substantial refinement of isochlors in that area. Overall, the interpretations in this study are updates of the previous regional study from 1989 but do not comprise major differences in interpretation and do not indicate regional movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface since then.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165034","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., 2016, Regional chloride distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034, 37 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165034.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Appendixes: 1 and 2; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068551","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326322,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326323,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326321,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":327881,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1 - 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Groundwater is the Nation’s principal reserve of freshwater. It provides about half our drinking water, is essential to food production, and facilitates business and industry in developing economic well-being. Groundwater is also an important source of water for sustaining the ecosystem health of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries throughout the country. The decreases in groundwater levels and other effects of pumping that result from large-scale development of groundwater resources have led to concerns about the future availability of groundwater to meet all our Nation’s needs. Assessments of groundwater availability provide the science and information needed by the public and decision makers to manage water resources and use them responsibly.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability as part of its ongoing assessments of the principal aquifers of the Nation. These regional studies are intended to provide citizens, communities, and natural resource managers with knowledge of the status of the Nation’s groundwater resources and how changes in land use, water use, and climate have affected and are likely to affect those resources now and in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163046","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., and Pope, J.P., 2016, Sustainability of groundwater supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3046, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163046.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071395","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326349,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326348,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326347,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326346,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"FS 2016-3046","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3046/fs20163046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3046"},{"id":326344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3046/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326845,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326846,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":327885,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
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The U.S. Geological Survey began a multiyear regional assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system in 2010 as part of its ongoing regional assessments of groundwater availability of the principal aquifers of the Nation. The goals of this national assessment are to document effects of human activities on water levels and groundwater storage, explore climate variability effects on the regional water budget, and provide consistent and integrated information that is useful to those who use and manage the groundwater resource. As part of this nationwide assessment, the USGS evaluated available groundwater resources within the NACP aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province depends heavily on groundwater to meet agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs. The groundwater assessment of the NACP aquifer system included an evaluation of how water use has changed over time; this evaluation primarily used groundwater budgets and development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends.
This assessment focused on multiple spatial and temporal scales to examine changes in groundwater pumping, storage, and water levels. The regional scale provides a broad view of the sources and demands on the system with time. The sub-regional scale provides an evaluation of the differing response of the aquifer system across geographic areas allowing for closer examination of the interaction between different aquifers and confining units and the changes in these interactions under pumping and recharge conditions in 2013 and hydrologic stresses as much as 45 years in the future. By focusing on multiple scales, water-resource managers may utilize this study to understand system response to changes as they affect the system as a whole.
The NACP aquifer system extends from Long Island to northeastern North Carolina, and includes aquifers primarily within New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The seaward-dipping sedimentary wedge that underlies the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province forms a complex groundwater system. Although the NACP aquifer system is recognized by the U.S. Geological Survey as one of the smallest of the 66 principal aquifer systems in the Nation, it ranks 13th overall in terms of total groundwater withdrawals and is 7th in population served. Despite abundant precipitation [about 45 inches per year (in/yr)], the supply of fresh surface water in this region is limited because many of the surface waters in this area are brackish estuaries, contributing to why many communities in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province rely heavily on groundwater to meet their water needs.
Increases in population and changes in land use during the past 100 years have resulted in diverse increased demands for freshwater throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province with groundwater serving as a vital source of drinking water for the nearly 20 million people who live in the region. Total groundwater withdrawal in 2013 was estimated to be about 1,300 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) and accounts for about 40 percent of the drinking water supply with the densely populated areas tending to have the highest rates of withdrawals and, therefore, being most susceptible to effects from these withdrawals over time.
Water levels in many of the confined aquifers are decreasing by as much as 2 feet per year (ft/yr) in response to extensive development and subsequent increased withdrawals throughout the region. Total water-level decreases (drawdowns) are more than 100 feet (ft) in some aquifers from their predevelopment (before 1900) levels. These drawdowns extend across state lines and under the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, creating the potential for interstate aquifer management issues. Regional water-resources managers in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province face challenges beyond competing local domestic, industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands for water. Large changes in regional water use have made the State-level management of aquifer resources more difficult because of hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated to partially consolidated sediments that are typically thousands of feet thick along the coastline with a maximum thickness of about 10,000 ft near the edge of the continental shelf. The NACP aquifer system consists of nine confined aquifers and nine confining units capped by an unconfined surficial aquifer that is bounded laterally from the west by the contact between Coastal Plain sediments and the upland Piedmont bedrock. This aquifer system extends to the east to the limit of the Continental Shelf, however, the boundary between fresh and saline groundwater is considered to be much closer to the shoreline and varies vertically by aquifer.
Precipitation over the region for average conditions from 2005 to 2009 is about 61,800 Mgal/d, but about 70 percent of it is lost to evapotranspiration resulting in an inflow of about 19,600 Mgal/d entering the groundwater system as aquifer recharge. Most of this recharge enters the aquifer system and flows through the shallow unconfined aquifer and either discharges to streams or directly to coastal waters without reaching the deep, confined aquifer system. In addition to recharge from precipitation, other sources of water include the return of wastewater from domestic septic systems of about 240 Mgal/d, about 60 Mgal/d of water released from storage in the confined system, and about 30 Mgal/d of lateral inflow at the boundary between freshwater and saltwater in response to pumping for conditions in 2013.
The outflow needed to balance the inflows was subdivided between streamflow, discharge to tidal portions of streams, and coastal discharge. The hydrologic budget developed for current [2013] conditions determined that 93 percent of the total outflow was to surface waters with about 70 percent divided evenly between streamflow and shallow coastal discharge and 23 percent as discharge to tidal waters. The remaining 7 percent of the total outflow components include withdrawals from both the surficial and confined aquifers of the groundwater system.
The groundwater availability assessment of the NACP aquifer system highlights the importance of analyses at both the regional and local scales to understand how changes in land use, water use, and climate have affected groundwater resources and how these resources may change in the future. The investigation included assessments of the regional changes in water levels and budgets across State lines, the importance of considering storage change in the confining units, the response of the aquifer system to a continuation of current [2013] hydrologic stresses into the future, and the potential effects of climate change and sea-level rise on the aquifer system.
The Potomac aquifer group includes two of the most widely used aquifers in the NACP aquifer system, the Potomac-Patapsco and Potomac-Patuxent regional aquifers, providing about 24 percent of the total groundwater used in the region. Withdrawals from large pumping centers in this deep, confined aquifer group have resulted in substantial decreases in water-levels across state lines, particularly between southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina as well as between southern New Jersey and northern Delaware where water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer have decreased by as much as 200 ft and 50 ft, respectively from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. This response in water levels also is reflected in changes in water budgets where, for example, about 20 percent of the total response to pumping in Virginia is met by inducing flow from adjacent States. Understanding and quantifying these hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries is critical for the State- and regional-level management of aquifer resources.
The cumulative storage loss from the intervening confining units throughout the entire NACP aquifer system was about 35 percent of the total storage loss from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. In geographic areas such as Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, and New Jersey, the water released from storage in the confining units makes up the majority of the total storage release from the groundwater system and is becoming proportionally more important over time as the surficial aquifer approaches equilibrium with respect to pumping and recharge stresses as of 2013.
Storage loss from the confining units is of particular concern because, unlike in the sands that comprise the confined aquifers, water removed from the clayey confining unit sediments cannot be replenished as these units gradually compress. This non-recoverable storage loss, if great enough, can result in land subsidence where these units are thick and the release from storage is relatively large and contributes to increased concerns for sea-level rise in areas such as the lower portion of the Chesapeake Bay.
Groundwater usage increased dramatically in the NACP aquifer system during post-World War II era from the mid-1940s to early the 1980s, with withdrawals increasing from about 400 Mgal/d to more than 1,300 Mgal/d. Although groundwater withdrawals have been relatively constant since the early 1980s, about half of the total groundwater withdrawn from the NACP aquifer system since 1900 was withdrawn in the past 30 years. An analysis of the response of the groundwater system to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping for an additional 30 years into the future shows that the flow system continues to adjust in terms of changes in water budget components, water levels, and the boundary between freshwater and saltwater as it approaches equilibrium. The largest change in water budget components is the reduction in the amount of water released from storage.
Across the entire NACP aquifer system, the reduction of storage release from 7 to 4 percent of the total water budget change is accounted for by reductions in groundwater discharge to streams and coastal waters. Locally, a similar response is calculated for each of the geographic areas except for Virginia where the amount of water released from storage accounts for about 25 percent of the total change in water budget. This finding suggests that the groundwater flow system in Virginia is not approaching equilibrium under the current [2013] stresses and, therefore, water levels will continue to decrease even if the pumping remains constant.
An analysis of the change in water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer as pumping is continued 30 years into the future reveals that the largest decreases in water levels throughout the NACP aquifer system will occur in the southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina parts of the study area. It is these areas that also see the greatest potential for increased lateral movement of saline groundwater in the deep, confined portion of the groundwater flow system in response to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping rates.
The potential effects of long-term climate change and variability on the hydrologic system and availability of water resources in the NACP aquifer system continue to be of serious societal concern. These concerns include the effects of changes in aquifer recharge and in sea-level rise on the groundwater flow system. An assessment of the potential effects of a prolonged drought during current [2013] pumping conditions indicated that the reductions in recharge associated with droughts, including additional irrigation withdrawals required to meet increased crop water demand, have the greatest effects on water levels and streamflows in the surficial aquifer, and changes in water levels in the confined aquifers primarily resulted from the increased withdrawals associated with increased irrigation pumping; this response was most apparent in the Delmarva Peninsula. These results suggest that water levels may not be susceptible to the effects of droughts in the confined aquifers of the NACP aquifer system not used for irrigation, unlike in the unconfined surficial aquifer.
A second analysis also was conducted to assess the effects of sea-level rise on the groundwater system throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province because recent analyses of the relative rates of sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast indicate that the Mid-Atlantic region represents a hot spot with anomalously higher rates of sea-level rise than observed elsewhere in the United States. Groundwater levels rose from 0 to 3 ft in response to a 3-ft simulated change in sea-level position, with the largest response occurring along the shoreline and away from non-tidal streams. About 37 percent (or 10,000 square miles) of the area of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience about a 0.5-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position, whereas about 18 percent (almost 5,000 square miles) of land of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience a 2-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position.
These increases in the water table are of particular concern in low-lying areas where the unsaturated (vadose) zone is already thin, thus creating concerns for groundwater inundation of subsurface infrastructure, such as basements, septic systems, and subway systems. This increase in the water table also will likely alter the distribution of groundwater discharge to surface-water bodies thus increasing groundwater flow to streams that would have otherwise discharged directly to coastal waters. Throughout the NACP aquifer system, this redistribution of groundwater discharge results in an additional 2 percent of base flow in streams. Although the increases in groundwater discharge to streams (and corresponding decreases in discharge to coastal waters) calculated for the entire NACP aquifer system and its geographic areas represent only a small increase compared with current [2013] conditions, this redistribution of groundwater discharge from the coast to streams locally can alter the delivery of freshwater input to coastal receiving waters and have ecohydrological implications on the sensitive ecosystems which rely on a balance of groundwater discharge and surface-water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1829","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack, Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1829, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1829.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 76 p.; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067132","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326315,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326316,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326318,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System"},{"id":326317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/pp1829.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1829"},{"id":326886,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327883,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326885,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
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150 National Center
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The U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability of the area and included an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time from stresses related to human uses and climate trends. The assessment was necessary because of the substantial dependency on groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs in this area.
The three-dimensional, groundwater flow model developed for this investigation used the numerical code MODFLOW–NWT to represent changes in groundwater pumping and aquifer recharge from predevelopment (before 1900) to future conditions, from 1900 to 2058. The model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and geospatial information to represent the aquifer system geometry, boundaries, and hydraulic properties of the 19 separate regional aquifers and confining units within the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system and was calibrated using an inverse modeling parameter-estimation (PEST) technique.
The parameter estimation process was achieved through history matching, using observations of heads and flows for both steady-state and transient conditions. A total of 8,868 annual water-level observations from 644 wells from 1986 to 2008 were combined into 29 water-level observation groups that were chosen to focus the history matching on specific hydrogeologic units in geographic areas in which distinct geologic and hydrologic conditions were observed. In addition to absolute water-level elevations, the water-level differences between individual measurements were also included in the parameter estimation process to remove the systematic bias caused by missing hydrologic stresses prior to 1986. The total average residual of –1.7 feet was normally distributed for all head groups, indicating minimal bias. The average absolute residual value of 12.3 feet is about 3 percent of the total observed water-level range throughout the aquifer system.
Streamflow observation data of base flow conditions were derived for 153 sites from the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset Plus and National Water Information System. An average residual of about –8 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 21 cubic feet per second for a range of computed base flows of about 417 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 122 sites from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus. An average residual of about 10 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 34 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 568 flow measurements in the 31 sites obtained from the National Water Information System for a range in computed base flows of about 1,141 cubic feet per second.
The numerical representation of the hydrogeologic information used in the development of this regional flow model was dependent upon how the aquifer system and simulated hydrologic stresses were discretized in space and time. Lumping hydraulic parameters in space and hydrologic stresses and time-varying observational data in time can limit the capabilities of this tool to simulate how the groundwater flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses, particularly at the local scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165076","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076, 70 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165076.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070585","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":332513,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":326839,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":327889,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326840,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/sir20165076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 23, 2016","publicComments":"Version 1.1","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
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We assess erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico by identifying interdependencies among oceanographic drivers and probabilistically modeling the resulting potential for coastal change. Wave and water level observations are used to determine relationships between six hydrodynamic parameters that influence total water level and therefore erosion and flooding, through consideration of a wide range of univariate distribution functions and multivariate elliptical copulas. Using these relationships, we explore how different our interpretation of the present-day erosion/flooding risk could be if we had seen more or fewer extreme realizations of individual and combinations of parameters in the past by simulating 10,000 physically and statistically consistent sea-storm time series. We find that seasonal total water levels associated with the 100 year return period could be up to 3 m higher in summer and 0.6 m higher in winter relative to our best estimate based on the observational records. Impact hours of collision and overwash—where total water levels exceed the dune toe or dune crest elevations—could be on average 70% (collision) and 100% (overwash) larger than inferred from the observations. Our model accounts for non-stationarity in a straightforward, non-parametric way that can be applied (with little adjustments) to many other coastlines. The probabilistic model presented here, which accounts for observational uncertainty, can be applied to other coastlines where short record lengths limit the ability to identify the full range of possible wave and water level conditions that coastal mangers and planners must consider to develop sustainable management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JC011482","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Wahl, T., and Long, J.W., 2016, Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 121, no. 5, p. 3029-3043, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011482.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3043","ipdsId":"IP-070871","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393754/2/pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1abe4b0f2f0cebf11ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, Thomas","contributorId":141017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13653,"text":"University South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176157,"text":"70176157 - 2016 - Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:27:59","indexId":"70176157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","docAbstract":"Quantification of streamflow characteristics in ungauged catchments remains a challenge. Hydrological modeling is often used to derive flow time series and to calculate streamflow characteristics for subsequent applications that may differ from those envisioned by the modelers. While the estimation of model parameters for ungauged catchments is a challenging research task in itself, it is important to evaluate whether simulated time series preserve critical aspects of the streamflow hydrograph. To address this question, seven calibration objective functions were evaluated for their ability to preserve ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics of the average annual hydrograph using a runoff model, HBV-light, at 27 catchments in the southeastern United States. Calibration trials were repeated 100 times to reduce parameter uncertainty effects on the results, and 12 ecological flow characteristics were computed for comparison. Our results showed that the most suitable calibration strategy varied according to streamflow characteristic. Combined objective functions generally gave the best results, though a clear underprediction bias was observed. The occurrence of low prediction errors for certain combinations of objective function and flow characteristic suggests that (1) incorporating multiple ecological flow characteristics into a single objective function would increase model accuracy, potentially benefitting decision-making processes; and (2) there may be a need to have different objective functions available to address specific applications of the predicted time series.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydro-ecological modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","isbn":"978-3-03842-212-9","usgsCitation":"Vis, M., Knight, R., Poole, S., Wolfe, W.J., and Seibert, J., 2016, Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics, chap. of Hydro-ecological modeling, p. 256-281.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-079269","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328058,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/215"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1aae4b0f2f0cebf11ab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Breuer, Lutz","contributorId":174162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuer","given":"Lutz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Philipp","contributorId":174163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"Philipp","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Vis, Marc","contributorId":174146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vis","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Rodney 0000-0001-9588-0167 rrknight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0167","contributorId":152422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, Sandra","contributorId":174147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":174054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seibert, Jan","contributorId":176322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seibert","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176280,"text":"70176280 - 2016 - Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T12:42:34","indexId":"70176280","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2948,"text":"Open Fish Science Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed","docAbstract":"Understanding the habitat requirements of salmonids in streams is an important component of fisheries management. We examined the summer and autumn habitat use of yearling Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to available habitat in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed. Little interstream variation in trout habitat use was observed; the variation that did occur was largely due to differences between streams in available habitat in the autumn. In both streams, yearling Rainbow Trout utilized pool habitat and during periods of high stream discharge were associated with larger substrate that may provide a velocity barrier. These findings may assist resource managers in their efforts to protect and restore habitat for migratory Rainbow Trout in the Lake Ontario watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers","doi":"10.2174/1874401X01609010045","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McKenna, J., and Chalupnicki, M., 2016, Summer-autumn habitat use of yearling rainbow trout in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed: Open Fish Science Journal, v. 9, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401X01609010045.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-075868","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01609010045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Grout Brook, Orwell Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.71296638907414\n ],\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.80295793799244\n ],\n [\n -76.23310089111328,\n 42.80295793799244\n ],\n [\n -76.23310089111328,\n 42.71296638907414\n ],\n [\n -76.29592895507812,\n 42.71296638907414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.5107129908437\n ],\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.611471040985286\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 43.611471040985286\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 43.5107129908437\n ],\n [\n -76.02573394775389,\n 43.5107129908437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a40e4b0571647cf8e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, James E. 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In this study, we evaluate loads and associated errors to determine the best load estimation technique among three methods (a period-weighted approach, the regression-model method, and the composite method) based on a solute's concentration dynamics and sampling frequency. We evaluated a broad range of varying concentration dynamics with stream flow and season using four dissolved solutes (sulfate, silica, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon) at five diverse small watersheds (Sleepers River Research Watershed, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Biscuit Brook Watershed, NY; Panola Mountain Research Watershed, GA; and Río Mameyes Watershed, PR) with fairly high-frequency sampling during a 10- to 11-yr period. Data sets with three different sampling frequencies were derived from the full data set at each site (weekly plus storm/snowmelt events, weekly, and monthly) and errors in loads were assessed for the study period, annually, and monthly. For solutes that had a moderate to strong concentration–discharge relation, the composite method performed best, unless the autocorrelation of the model residuals was <0.2, in which case the regression-model method was most appropriate. For solutes that had a nonexistent or weak concentration–discharge relation (modelR2 < about 0.3), the period-weighted approach was most appropriate. The lowest errors in loads were achieved for solutes with the strongest concentration–discharge relations. Sample and regression model diagnostics could be used to approximate overall accuracies and annual precisions. For the period-weighed approach, errors were lower when the variance in concentrations was lower, the degree of autocorrelation in the concentrations was higher, and sampling frequency was higher. The period-weighted approach was most sensitive to sampling frequency. For the regression-model and composite methods, errors were lower when the variance in model residuals was lower. For the composite method, errors were lower when the autocorrelation in the residuals was higher. Guidelines to determine the best load estimation method based on solute concentration–discharge dynamics and diagnostics are presented, and should be applicable to other studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1298","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Burns, D.A., Shanley, J.B., Yanai, R.D., Bae, K., Wild, A., Yang, Y., and Yi, D., 2016, Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watershed: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 6, e01298; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1298.","productDescription":"e01298; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-065579","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1298","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a3e4b0f2f0cebf119f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yanai, Ruth D.","contributorId":59720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bae, Kikang","contributorId":174183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bae","given":"Kikang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wild, Adam","contributorId":174184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wild","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, Yang","contributorId":174185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yi, Dong","contributorId":174186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yi","given":"Dong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27381,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176162,"text":"70176162 - 2016 - Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:21:53","indexId":"70176162","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region","docAbstract":"How closely do plant communities track climate? Research suggests that plant species converge toward similar environmental tolerances relative to the environments that they experience. Whether these patterns apply to severe environments or scale up to plant community-level patterns of relative climatic tolerances is poorly understood. Using estimates of species' climatic tolerances acquired from occurrence records, we determined the contributions of individual species' climatic niche breadths and environmental filtering to the relationships between community-average climatic tolerances and the local climates experienced by those communities.
Southwestern United States drylands.
Interspecific variation in niche breadth was assessed as a function of species' climatic optima (median climatic niche value). The relationships between climatic optima and tolerances were used as null expectations for the relationship between abundance-weighted mean climatic tolerances of communities and the local climate of that community. Deviations from this null expectation indicate that species with greater or lesser climatic tolerances are favoured relative to co-occurring species. The intensity of environmental filtering was estimated by comparing the range of climatic tolerances within each community to a null distribution generated from a random assembly algorithm.
The temperature niches of species were consistently symmetrical and of similar breadths, regardless of their temperature optima. In contrast, precipitation niches were skewed toward wetter conditions, and niche breadth increased with increasing precipitation optima. At the community level, relationships with climate were much stronger for temperature than for precipitation. Furthermore, cold and heat were stronger assembly filters than drought or precipitation, with the intensity of environmental filtering increasing at both ends of climatic gradients. Community-average climatic tolerances did deviate significantly from null expectations, indicating that species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances were favoured under certain conditions.
Despite strong water limitation of plant performance in dryland ecosystems, communities tracked variation in temperature much more closely, intimating strong responses to anticipated temperature increases. Furthermore, abundance distributions were biased toward species with higher or lower relative climatic tolerances under different climatic conditions, but predictably so, indicating the need for assembly models that include processes other than simple environmental filtering.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Vegetation Science","publisherLocation":"Uppsala, Sweden","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12440","usgsCitation":"Butterfield, B.J., and Munson, S.M., 2016, Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 27, no. 5, p. 938-947, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12440.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"947","ipdsId":"IP-060796","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1afe4b0f2f0cebf11b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175747,"text":"70175747 - 2016 - Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T13:13:07","indexId":"70175747","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions","docAbstract":"Models of groundwater systems help to integrate knowledge about the natural and human system covering different spatial and temporal scales, often from multiple disciplines, in order to address a range of issues of concern to various stakeholders. A model is simply a tool to express what we think we know. Uncertainty, due to lack of knowledge or natural variability, means that there are always alternative models that may need to be considered. This chapter provides an overview of uncertainty in models and in the definition of a problem to model, highlights approaches to communicating and using predictions of uncertain outcomes and summarises commonly used methods to explore uncertainty in groundwater management predictions. It is intended to raise awareness of how alternative models and hence uncertainty can be explored in order to facilitate the integration of these techniques with groundwater management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated groundwater management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28","isbn":"978-3-319-23575-2","usgsCitation":"Guillaume, J.H., Hunt, R.J., Comunian, A., Fu, B., and Blakers, R.S., 2016, Methods for exploring uncertainty in groundwater management predictions, chap. of Integrated groundwater management, p. 711-737, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"737","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057337","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_28","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a9e4b0f2f0cebf11a9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, Anthony J. 0000-0001-5282-2215","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-2215","contributorId":173848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakeman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17939,"text":"The Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barreteau, Olivier","contributorId":173849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreteau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27301,"text":"IRSTEA - UMR G-EAU (France)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinaudo, Jean-Daniel","contributorId":173850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinaudo","given":"Jean-Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27302,"text":"BRGM (France)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, Andrew","contributorId":173851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13328,"text":"UNESCO-IHE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647608,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Guillaume, Joseph H. A.","contributorId":173856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillaume","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H. A.","affiliations":[{"id":6718,"text":"Aalto University, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comunian, Alessandro","contributorId":173857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comunian","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27304,"text":"University of New South Wales","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fu, Baihua 0000-0003-2494-0518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-0518","contributorId":174165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Baihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakers, Rachel S","contributorId":173858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blakers","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":27305,"text":"Australia National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}