Trace-element concentrations in 541 streambed-sediment samples collected from 20 study areas across the conterminous United States were examined as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Sediment samples were sieved and the <63-μm fraction was retained for determination of total concentrations of trace elements. Aluminum, iron, titanium, and organic carbon were weakly or not at all correlated with the nine trace elements examined: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Four different methods of accounting for background/baseline concentrations were examined; however, normalization was not required because field sieving removed most of the background differences between samples. The sum of concentrations of trace elements characteristic of urban settings - copper, mercury, lead, and zinc - was well correlated with population density, nationwide. Median concentrations of seven trace elements (all nine examined except arsenic and selenium) were enriched in samples collected from urban settings relative to agricultural or forested settings. Forty-nine percent of the sites sampled in urban settings had concentrations of one or more trace elements that exceeded levels at which adverse biological effects could occur in aquatic biota.
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monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:19:03","indexId":"70021235","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of trace element concentrations in tissue of common carp and implications for monitoring","docAbstract":"Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from four sites in the Red River of the North in 1994 were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), selenium (So), and zinc (Zn). Concentrations differed among liver, muscle, and whole body. Generally, trace element concentrations were the greatest in livers while concentrations in whole bodies were greater than those in muscle for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and concentrations in muscle were similar to whole body for As and Se. Concentrations of Cr were lower in liver than either muscle or whole body. Correlations between liver and whole body concentrations were stronger than those between liver and muscle concentrations, but the strongest correlations were between muscle and whole body concentrations. Examination of tissue concentrations by collection sites suggested that, for a general survey, the whole body may be the most effective matrix to analyze.
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M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021711,"text":"70021711 - 1999 - Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals in Arizona: Implications for the sources of plutons and metals in porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T15:10:15.28992","indexId":"70021711","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals in Arizona: Implications for the sources of plutons and metals in porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"Porphyry copper deposits in Arizona are genetically associated with Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous complexes that consist of older intermediate volcanic rocks and younger intermediate to felsic intrusions. The igneous complexes and their associated porphyry copper deposits were emplaced into an Early Proterozoic basement characterized by different rocks, geologic histories, and isotopic compositions. Lead isotope compositions of the Proterozoic basement rocks define, from northwest to southeast, the Mojave, central Arizona, and southeastern Arizona provinces. Porphyry copper deposits are present in each Pb isotope province. Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons, together with those of sulfide minerals in porphyry copper deposits and of Proterozoic country rocks, place important constraints on genesis of the magmatic suites and the porphyry copper deposits themselves. The range of age-corrected Pb isotope compositions of plutons in 12 Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous complexes is 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 17.34 to 22.66, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.43 to 15.96, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 37.19 to 40.33. These Pb isotope compositions and calculated model Th/U are similar to those of the Proterozoic rocks in which the plutons were emplaced, thereby indicating that Pb in the younger rocks and ore deposits was inherited from the basement rocks and their sources. No Pb isotope differences distinguish Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous complexes that contain large economic porphyry copper deposits from less rich or smaller deposits that have not been considered economic for mining. Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons and sulfide minerals from 30 metallic mineral districts, furthermore, require that the southeastern Arizona Pb province be divided into two subprovinces. The northern subprovince has generally lower 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and higher model Th/U, and the southern subprovince has higher 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and lower model Th/U. These Pb isotope differences are inferred to result from differences in their respective post-1.7 Ga magmatic histories. Throughout Arizona, Pb isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons and associated sulfide minerals are distinct from those of Jurassic plutons and also middle Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals. These differences most likely reflect changes in tectonic setting and magmatic sources. Within Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous complexes that host economic porphyry copper deposits, there is commonly a decrease in Pb isotope composition from older to younger plutons. This decrease in Pb isotope values with time suggests an increasing involvement of crust with lower U/Pb than average crust in the source(s) of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary magmas. Lead isotope compositions of the youngest porphyries in the igneous complexes are similar to those in most sulfide minerals within the associated porphyry copper deposit. This Pb isotope similarity argues for a genetic link between them. However, not all Pb in the sulfide minerals in porphyry copper deposits is magmatically derived. Some sulfide minerals, particularly those that are late stage, or distal to the main orebody, or in Proterozoic or Paleozoic rocks, have elevated Pb isotope compositions displaced toward the gross average Pb isotope composition of the local country rocks. The more radiogenic isotopic compositions argue for a contribution of Pb from those rocks at the site of ore deposition. Combining the Pb isotope data with available geochemical, isotopic, and petrologic data suggests derivation of the young porphyry copper-related plutons, most of their Pb, and other metals from a hybridized lower continental crustal source. Because of the likely involvement of subduction-related mantle-derived basaltic magma in the hybridized lower crustal source, an indiscernible mantle contribution is probable in the porphyry magmas. Clearly, in addition, Pb was contributed from the local country rocks. This is most evident in sulfide minerals in veins that are late stage, hosted in Proterozoic gneiss, and/or peripheral to the porphyry copper deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.94.2.211","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Bouse, R.M., Ruiz, J., Titley, S., Tosdal, R., and Wooden, J.L., 1999, Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals in Arizona: Implications for the sources of plutons and metals in porphyry copper deposits: Economic Geology, v. 94, no. 2, p. 211-244, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.2.211.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45bfe4b0c8380cd674a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titley, S.R.","contributorId":60602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titley","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2001110,"text":"2001110 - 1999 - Selenium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001110,"text":"2001110 - 1999 - Selenium","indexId":"2001110","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Selenium"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T11:43:38","indexId":"2001110","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Selenium","docAbstract":"Selenium is a naturally occurring element that is present in some soils. Unlike mercury and lead, which also are natural environmental components, selenium is an essential nutrient in living systems. The amount of dietary selenium required by animals depends upon many factors, including the availability of certain other metals such as zinc and copper, as well as vitamin E and other nutrients. Muscle damage results if dietary selenium is deficient, but dietary excess can be toxic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., 1999, Selenium: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=347","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7d12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021454,"text":"70021454 - 1999 - Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70021454","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon","docAbstract":"During 1996 and 1997, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) fawns on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) located in southeastern Oregon (USA). As part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. Physiological parameters related to nutrition and/or disease were studied. No abnormalities were found in the complete blood cell counts of adults (n = 40) or fawns (n = 44 to 67). Serum total protein and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were lower compared to other pronghorn populations. Does had mean BUN values significantly lower (P < 0.001) in December 1996 than March 1997. Serum copper (Cu) levels in does (range 0.39 to 0.74 ppm) were considered marginal when compared to domestic animals and other wild ungulates. Fawns had low (0.28 ppm) Cu levels at birth and reached the does' marginal values in about 3 days Whole blood, serum and liver selenium (Se) levels were considered marginal to low in most segments of the pronghorn population. However, serum levels of vitamin E (range 1.98 to 3.27 ??g/ml), as determined from the does captured in March, were apparently sufficient to offset any signs of Se deficiency. No clinical signs of Cu or Se deficiency were observed. Fifty-five of 87 dead fawns were necropsied. Trauma, due to predation by coyotes (Canis latrans), accounted for 62% of the mortality during mid-May to mid-July of each year. Other causes included predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) (4%), dystocia (2%), septicemic pasteurellosis (4%), starvation (5%), and unknown (23%). Adult females were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies to Brucella spp. (n = 20, negative), Leptospira interrogans (n = 20, negative), bluetongue virus (n = 20, 35% positive), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (n = 20, 30% positive), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 18, negative), parainfluenza virus type 3 (n = 18, 67% positive), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (n = 18, negative), and bovine viral diarrhea (n = 18, negative). Considering the parameters examined, we found no apparent predisposing factors to mortality including those killed by coyotes, but some nutritional parameters suggest that pronghorns on HMNAR exist on a diet low in protein and Se and marginal in Cu. The effect these factors have on the population is not known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, M., Velarde, R., Gregg, M., and Bray, M., 1999, Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 35, no. 3, p. 496-510.","startPage":"496","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fd9e4b0c8380cd5d136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, M.R.","contributorId":101404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velarde, Roser","contributorId":79647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velarde","given":"Roser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, M.A.","contributorId":31930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bray, M.","contributorId":41169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021623,"text":"70021623 - 1999 - The effects of copper on blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021623","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of copper on blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Metals are released into aquatic systems from many sources, often at sublethal concentrations. The effects of sublethal concentrations of metals on fish are not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical effects of a range of copper concentrations (6.4, 16.0, 26.9 ??g Cu/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) over a prolonged period of time. Trout were exposed to copper, and, at intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma glucose, and plasma cortisol levels were elevated in trout exposed to 26.9 ??g Cu/L at day 3 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. Plasma protein and lactate levels were not significantly altered in trout from any copper treatment. Hepatic copper concentration and hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression were consistently elevated in trout exposed to 26.9 ??g Cu/L. Both of these parameters stabilized by day 3, with only hepatic copper concentration showing a further increase at day 21. Hepatic copper concentration and hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression appear to be robust indicators of copper exposure. Most blood-based parameters evaluated appear to be associated with a transitory, nonspecific stress response. The return of elevated hematological and biochemical parameters to control levels after 3 days and thestabilization of hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression and copper concentration over a similar time period suggested acclimation to dissolved copper at 26.9 ??g/L. Further analysis of the data on blood-based parameters indicated that certain parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma glucose, plasma cortisol) may be useful in field monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/PL00006614","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Dethloff, G., Schlenk, D., Khan, S., and Bailey, H., 1999, The effects of copper on blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00006614.","startPage":"415","endPage":"423","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006614"},{"id":229474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab72e4b08c986b322e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dethloff, G.M.","contributorId":78047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethloff","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlenk, D.","contributorId":67681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlenk","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khan, S.","contributorId":30393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, H.C.","contributorId":14590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021632,"text":"70021632 - 1999 - Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:40:00","indexId":"70021632","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","docAbstract":"A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as a surface with a temporally constant solid concentration. Limited contact between solutes in the water column and the static surface is considered using a pseudokinetic approach. A dynamic surface (e.g., freshly precipitated metal oxides) has a temporally variable solid concentration and is in equilibrium with the water column. Transport and deposition of solute mass sorbed to the dynamic surface is represented in the stream transport equations that include precipitate settling. The model is applied to a pH-modification experiment in an acid mine drainage stream. Dissolved copper concentrations were depressed for a 3 hour period in response to the experimentally elevated pH. After passage of the pH front, copper was desorbed, and dissolved concentrations returned to ambient levels. Copper sorption is modeled by considering sorption to aged hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) on the streambed (static surface) and freshly precipitated HFO in the water column (dynamic surface). Comparison of parameter estimates with reported values suggests that naturally formed iron oxides may be more effective in removing trace metals than synthetic oxides used in laboratory studies. The model's ability to simulate pH, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between trace metal chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900259","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999, Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3829-3840, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900259.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3829","endPage":"3840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9589e4b0c8380cd81a9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021679,"text":"70021679 - 1999 - Influence of substrate rocks on Fe-Mn crust composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70021679","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of substrate rocks on Fe-Mn crust composition","docAbstract":"Principal Component and other statistical analyses of chemical and mineralogical data of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crusts and their underlying rock substrates in the central Pacific indicate that substrate rocks do not influence crust composition. Two ridges near Johnston Atoll were dredged repetitively and up to seven substrate rock types were recovered from small areas of similar water depths. Crusts were analyzed mineralogically and chemically for 24 elements, and substrates were analyzed mineralogically and chemically for the 10 major oxides. Compositions of crusts on phosphatized substrates are distinctly different from crusts on substrates containing no phosphorite. However, that relationship only indicates that the episodes of phosphatization that mineralized the substrate rocks also mineralized the crusts that grew on them. A two-fold increase in copper contents in crusts that grew on phosphatized clastic substrate rocks, relative to crusts on other substrate rock types, is also associated with phosphatization and must have resulted from chemical reorganization during diagenesis. Phosphatized crusts show increases in Sr, Zn, Ca, Ba, Cu, Ce, V, and Mo contents and decreases in Fe, Si, and As contents relative to non-phosphatized crusts. Our statistical results support previous studies which show that crust compositions reflect predominantly direct precipitation from seawater (hydrogenetic), and to lesser extents reflect detrital input and diagenetic replacement of parts of the older crust generation by carbonate fluorapatite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00097-1","issn":"09670637","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., and Morgan, C., 1999, Influence of substrate rocks on Fe-Mn crust composition: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 46, no. 5, p. 855-875, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00097-1.","startPage":"855","endPage":"875","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206205,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00097-1"},{"id":229112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b80e4b0c8380cd625ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, C.L.","contributorId":89296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020940,"text":"70020940 - 1999 - Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T11:20:19.729633","indexId":"70020940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling","docAbstract":"A thorough understanding of the fate and transport of metals in Lake Superior is necessary in order to predict the ability of Lake Superior to recover from anthropogenic perturbations (copper mining). Sediment cores were collected from nearshore and offshore sites in Lake Superior and used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in copper loading associated with mining-related activities. Although both settings have been strongly affected by anthropogenic releases of copper, copper concentrations in nearshore cores are significantly greater than those found in offshore cores, implying that nearshore copper loading is dominated by simple deposition and burial of sediment generated from mining activities. Temporal variations in copper profiles in sediments from nearshore environments closelymimic copper production rates. Conversely, copper loading histories derived from offshore sediments are not well correlated to production rates. The offshore sediment cores, when compared with analogous cores from Lakes Ontario and Michigan, show that the average, lake-wide intensity of copper loading in Lake Superior is comparable to the other two lakes, despite the fact that Lake Superior has received the largest total burden of anthropogenic copper. Cu/Zn ratios, used to evaluate the amount of copper loading derived from mining discharges, vary strongly in nearshore environments in response to loading. Cu/Zn ratios in offshore sediments are much less variable, implying that copper loading may be regulated by additional mechanisms (solution chemistry and/or biologic uptake). Study of trace metal partitioning within Lake Superior sediments indicates that the organic fraction of the sediment contains the majority of the copper. Copper concentrations in offshore sediments are significantly correlated to organic carbon content of the sediment whereas copper concentrations in nearshore sediments are not. These findings support the model that transport and deposition of particles released from mining discharges dominate copper loading in nearshore sediments, whereas biologic uptake and settling of particulate organic matter may regulate copper loading in offshore sediments.
One hundred four neonatal (fawns) and 40 adult female (does) pronghorn antelope (pronghorns) (Antilocapra americana) were captured on the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) in Lake County, southeastern Oregon, between 13 May 1996 and 26 May 1997. Blood and fecal samples were taken for an investigation of low fawn survival that may be due to disease and/or poor nutrition. No abnormalities were found in hematological parameters of adult does (n = 40) or fawns (n = 44 to 67). In general, there were lower serum total proteins (TP) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in this population than in other populations from Alberta, Canada; Idaho; and Baker City, Oregon. Mean BUN values in does were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in December than March. The duration of this apparently low protein content of the December diet may affect the weight of the newborn and consequent survivability if it should continue into late gestation (March-May). Serum copper (Cu) levels in does (range 0.39 to 0.74 ppm) were considered marginal when compared to domestic animals and some wild ungulates. Fawns had low but apparently normal Cu levels at birth and reached the does' marginal values in about three days. Whole blood and serum Selenium (Se) levels (<100 ng/ml) were considered to be marginal to low in most segments of the pronghorn population in this study. However, serum levels of vitamin E (range 1.98 - 3.27 pg/ml), as determined from the does captured in March, are apparently sufficient to offset any signs of deficiency due to low Se levels. No clinical signs of Cu or Se deficiency were observed. Does captured in December 1996 were tested for neutralizing antibodies to Brucella spp. (n = 20, neg.), Leptospira spp. (n = 20, neg.), bluetongue virus (n = 20, 35% pos.), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (n = 20, 30% pos.), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 18, neg.), parainfluenza virus type 3 (n = 18, 67% pos.), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (n = 18, neg.), and bovine viral diarrhea (n = 18, neg.). Seventeen fawns (9F,8M), nine in 1996 and eight in 1997, survived until at least mid-July each year. Fifty-five of 87 dead fawns were necropsied. Predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) accounted for the majority of fawn mortality (62%), as determined by necropsy, during the two combined summer periods. Other causes of mortality for the combined years included predation by eagle (4%), dystocia (2%), septicemic pasteurellosis (5%), starvation/weak fawn syndrome
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, M.R., and Velarde, R., 1998, Health evaluation of pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in southeastern Oregon, 1996-1997.: NWHC Technical Report 98-01, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.36370849609375,\n 42.66022161324799\n ],\n [\n -119.36508178710936,\n 42.75104599038353\n ],\n [\n -119.53948974609374,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -119.5477294921875,\n 42.721794868255714\n ],\n [\n -119.58480834960936,\n 42.717759147911806\n ],\n [\n -119.64797973632811,\n 42.63597933867727\n ],\n [\n -119.79354858398438,\n 42.533856237848504\n ],\n [\n -119.80453491210936,\n 42.51057709842409\n ],\n [\n -119.80316162109374,\n 42.46703196400574\n ],\n [\n -119.81277465820312,\n 42.44474133638783\n ],\n [\n -119.83062744140625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -119.83200073242188,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -119.84710693359375,\n 42.40115038362433\n ],\n [\n -119.86770629882811,\n 42.387965757279154\n ],\n [\n -119.84710693359375,\n 42.367676308265196\n ],\n [\n -119.85122680664061,\n 42.351440029174164\n ],\n [\n -119.83337402343749,\n 42.3280930282246\n ],\n [\n -119.80728149414064,\n 42.34027515373573\n ],\n [\n -119.78530883789062,\n 42.338244963350846\n ],\n [\n -119.79080200195311,\n 42.32200108060303\n ],\n [\n -119.78530883789062,\n 42.31083097788358\n ],\n [\n -119.72076416015625,\n 42.31489306281694\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 42.273244264402734\n ],\n [\n -119.65347290039062,\n 42.282389042899574\n ],\n [\n -119.56832885742186,\n 42.24275208539065\n ],\n [\n -119.55734252929689,\n 42.247835139120575\n ],\n [\n -119.52438354492186,\n 42.24376872890019\n ],\n [\n -119.50515747070311,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -119.5037841796875,\n 42.30778424213693\n ],\n [\n -119.48867797851562,\n 42.313877566161864\n ],\n [\n -119.48867797851562,\n 42.386951440524854\n ],\n [\n -119.48043823242189,\n 42.39405131362432\n ],\n [\n -119.47357177734375,\n 42.65214190481525\n ],\n [\n -119.45022583007812,\n 42.65921170710379\n ],\n [\n -119.36370849609375,\n 42.66022161324799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fdae4b0c8380cd5d140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, Michael R.","contributorId":42935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velarde, Roser","contributorId":79647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velarde","given":"Roser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200199,"text":"5200199 - 1998 - Copper hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: a synoptic review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T09:23:30","indexId":"5200199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 33 ; Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR--1997-0002.","title":"Copper hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: a synoptic review","docAbstract":"Selective review and synthesis of the technical literature on copper and copper salts in the environment and their effects primarily on fishes, birds, mammals, terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, and other natural resources. The subtopics include copper sources and uses; chemical and biochemical properties; concentrations of copper in field collections of abiotic materials and living organisms; effects of copper deficiency; lethal and sublethal effects on terrestrial plants and invertebrates, aquatic organisms, birds and mammals, including effects on survival, growth, reproduction, behavior, metabolism, carcinogenicity, matagenicity, and teratogenicity; proposed criteria for the protection of human health and sensitive natural resources; and recommendations for additional research.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1998, Copper hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: a synoptic review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 33 ; Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR--1997-0002., iv, 99 p.","productDescription":"iv, 99 p.","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_33_Copper.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, Ronald","contributorId":101303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29190,"text":"wri984227 - 1998 - Watershed trend analysis and water-quality assessment using bottom-sediment cores from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri984227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4227","title":"Watershed trend analysis and water-quality assessment using bottom-sediment cores from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"An examination of Cheney Reservoir bottom sediment was conducted in August 1997 to describe long-term trends and document the occurrence of selected constituents at concentrations that may be detrimental to aquatic organisms. Average concentrations of total phosphorus in bottom-sediment cores ranged from 94 to 674 milligrams per kilogram and were statistically related to silt- and (or) clay-size particles. Results from selected sampling sites in Cheney Reservoir indicate an increasing trend in total phosphorus concentrations. This trend is probably of nonpoint-source origin and may be related to an increase in fertilizer sales in the area, which more than doubled between 1965 and 1996, and to livestock production. Few organochlorine compounds were detected in bottom-sediment samples from Cheney Reservoir. DDT, its degradation products DDD and DDE, and dieldrin had detectable concentrations in the seven samples that were analyzed. DDT and DDD were each detected in one sample at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.65 microgram per kilogram, respectively. By far, the most frequently detected organochlorine insecticide was DDE, which was detected in all seven samples, ranging in concentration from 0.31 to 1.3 micrograms per kilogram. A decreasing trend in DDE concentrations was evident in sediment-core data from one sampling site. Dieldrin was detected in one sample from each of two sampling sites at concentrations of 0.21 and 0.22 micrograms per kilogram. Polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected in any bottom-sediment sample analyzed. Selected organophosphate, chlorophenoxy-acid, triazine, and acetanilide pesticides were analyzed in 18 bottom-sediment samples. Of the 23 pesticides analyzed, only the acetanilide herbicide metolachlor was detected (in 22 percent of the samples). Seven bottom-sediment samples were analyzed for major metals and trace elements. The median and maximum concentrations of arsenic and chromium, the maximum concentration of copper, and all concentrations of nickel in the seven samples were in the range where adverse effects to aquatic organisms occasionally occur. No time trends in trace elements were discernable in the August 1997 data. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984227","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., 1998, Watershed trend analysis and water-quality assessment using bottom-sediment cores from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4227, iv, 24 p. :col. ill, col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984227.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :col. ill, col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2355,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.98-4227.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4227/report.pdf","size":"9155","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Larry M.","contributorId":93455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25813,"text":"wri984158 - 1998 - Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:09:11","indexId":"wri984158","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4158","title":"Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93","docAbstract":"The quality of urban stormwater is characterized with respect to 188 properties and constituents. Event-mean concentrations and loads for three land uses (residential, industrial, commercial), and annual loads for 12 selected properties and constituents for 26 gaged basins in the DallasFort Worth study area are presented. During February 1992–June 1993, 182 water samples from the 26 gaged basins (each basin classified as primarily residential, industrial, or commercial) were collected and analyzed. Residential land-use basins had greater median concentrations of bacteria, nutrients, and total arsenic. Industrial land-use basins had greater median concentrations of suspended and dissolved solids, and total recoverable chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc. Diazinon was the most frequently detected pesticide in all three land-use basins. Diazinon was detected in 93 percent of samples from residential land-use basins, 70 percent from commercial land-use basins, and 33 percent from industrial land-use basins. Volatile organic compounds and base/neutral and acid extractable semivolatile organic compounds were detected more frequently in samples from industrial land-use basins than residential or commercial land-use basins.
\nEvent-mean concentrations (EMCs) were computed for each land use for biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; suspended and dissolved solids; total nitrogen and ammonia plus organic nitrogen; total and dissolved phosphorus; total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc; and total diazinon. The EMCs of chemical oxygen demand; total nitrogen and ammonia plus organic nitrogen; total and dissolved phosphorus; and total diazinon were greatest in samples from residential land-use basins. The EMCs of biochemical oxygen demand; suspended and dissolved solids; and total copper, lead, and zinc were greatest in samples from industrial land-use basins.
\nLoads per square mile for the three land uses were estimated for the same properties and constituents from flow-weighted EMCs and runoff volume on the basis of seven sampled storms at each gaged site. Chemical oxygen demand and dissolved and suspended solids had the greatest mean loads per square mile. Mean loads per square mile were greatest for trace elements in industrial land-use basins and for total diazinon in residential land-use basins. Mean loads per square mile for total nitrogen in the three land-use basins were dissimilar.
\nLocal regression equations were developed to estimate loads produced by individual storms. Mean annual loads were estimated by applying the storm-load equations for all runoff-producing storms in an average climatic year and summing individual storm loads to determine the annual load.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Central Texas Council of Governments","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., Raines, T.H., Mansfield, B., and Sandlin, J., 1998, Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4158, ii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984158.","productDescription":"ii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1992-02-01","temporalEnd":"1993-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4158.jpg"},{"id":10033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.58333333333333,32.5 ], [ -97.58333333333333,33.166666666666664 ], [ -96.5,33.166666666666664 ], [ -96.5,32.5 ], [ -97.58333333333333,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, T. H.","contributorId":88389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mansfield, B.L.","contributorId":16443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mansfield","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandlin, J.T.","contributorId":63039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandlin","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25918,"text":"wri984125 - 1998 - Water-quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1992-95, and implications for resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T19:31:22.196965","indexId":"wri984125","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4125","title":"Water-quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1992-95, and implications for resource management","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a synoptic water-quality and algal investigation during July 1995 at 36 stream sites in a 1,350 square-mile area of the North Umpqua River Basin, Oregon. The study area includes a headwaters hydroelectric project area, a Wild and Scenic reach in the main stem immediately downstream, and the watersheds of several major tributaries. Additional data from previous investigations are reviewed, and impacts on water quality in the Wild and Scenic reach from resource management, including forestry and reservoir operations, are inferred where sufficient data exist.
\nWater-quality standards were occasionally exceeded for dissolved oxygen and pH, and daily maximum stream temperatures in the Wild and Scenic reach were higher than both the 1996 standard for the State of Oregon and the optimal temperature ranges for many anadromous fish. Dissolved oxygen in the basin was controlled more by stream temperature and reaeration than by primary production. Arsenic concentrations in the river during low flow (1 µg/L [microgram per liter]) indicate a potential cancer risk of between 1:5,000 and 1:20,000 for people using the river as a source of drinking water and fish for consumption. Streambed-sediment concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, manganese, and nickel were approximately double the sediment-quality criteria values adopted by New York State and by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
\nHigh concentrations of phosphorus in bed sediments indicated that much of the phosphorus observed in the water column throughout the basin (medians: 32, 9, and 50 µg/L in the main stem, tributaries, and hydroelectric project areas, respectively) could have been geologically derived. Inorganic and organic nitrogen concentrations in water were mostly below minimum reporting limits (5 and 200 µg/L, respectively), indicating severe nitrogen limitation at most locations.
\nBenthic algal biomass, biovolume, and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest at the sites directly below impoundments and at one headwater tributary (medians: 46 grams per square meter, 821 million cubic micrometers per square centimeter, and 126 milligrams per square meter, respectively), and were also somewhat elevated downstream in the Wild and Scenic reach compared with those in similar streams in the Pacific Northwest. Classification of the algal taxa indicated that, among all sites sampled, alkaliphilic taxa, nitrogen fixing taxa, and eutrophic taxa were the most abundant on the basis of biovolume and density. Cold-water taxa, facultative nitrogen heterotrophs, and oligotrophic taxa constituted the remainder of the taxa. Multivariate analyses indicated that algal communities at the hydroelectric-project-affected sites were distinct from communities at sites on the main stem and Steamboat Creek. At many locations, the river’s algal community might be compensating for the low nitrogen concentrations by fixation of atmospheric nitrogen or through heterotrophic assimilation of organic nitrogen.
\nWater quality in the Wild and Scenic reach is dominated by water released from the hydroelectric project area during summer. Effects of the hydroelectric project include seasonal control of streamflow, water temperature, and phosphorus concentrations, and the possible release of low but ecologically important concentrations of organic nitrogen. A review of available data and literature suggests that the reservoirs can increase the interception of sediments and large organic debris, and promote their conversion into fine-grained particulate and dissolved organic matter for downstream transport. These effects could be compounded by the effects of forestry in the basin, including alteration of hydrologic cycles, changes in sediment and nutrient runoff, reductions of the transport of large woody debris, and degradation of habitat quality. It is hypothesized that, in the North Umpqua River, these processes have induced a fundamental shift in the river’s food web, from a detritus-based system to a system with a 2 higher emphasis on algal production. Confirmation of these changes and their effects on higher trophic levels are needed to properly manage the aquatic resources for all designated beneficial uses in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri984125","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Carpenter, K., 1998, Water-quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1992-95, and implications for resource management: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4125, Report: xiii, 78 p.; 1 Plate: 32.01 x 14.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984125.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 78 p.; 1 Plate: 32.01 x 14.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984125.PNG"},{"id":391103,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48987.htm"},{"id":311178,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4125/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":308345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4125/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"North Umpqua River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -123.250,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -123.250,\n 43.4167\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 43.4167\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 43.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e72c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29362,"text":"wri984105 - 1998 - Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:08:11","indexId":"wri984105","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4105","title":"Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996","docAbstract":"In September 1996, a water-quality study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in coordination with the U.S. Forest Service, in headwater streams of Steamboat Creek, a tributary to the North Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon. Field measurements were made in and surface-water and bottom-sediment samples were collected from three tributaries of Steamboat Creek--Singe Creek, City Creek, and Horse Heaven Creek--and at one site in Steamboat Creek upstream from where the three tributaries flow into Steamboat Creek.
\nWater samples collected in Singe Creek had larger concentrations of most major-ion constituents and smaller concentrations of most nutrient constituents than was observed in the other three creeks. City Creek, Horse Heaven Creek, and Steamboat Creek had primarily calcium bicarbonate water, whereas Singe Creek had primarily a calcium sulfate water; the calcium sulfate water detected in Singe Creek, along with the smallest observed alkalinity and pH values, suggests that Singe Creek may be receiving naturally occurring acidic water.
\nOf the 18 trace elements analyzed in filtered water samples, only 6 were detected--aluminum, barium, cobalt, iron, manganese, and zinc. All six of the trace elements were detected in Singe Creek, at concentrations generally larger than those observed in the other three creeks. Of the detected trace elements, only iron and zinc have chronic toxicity criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the protection of aquatic life; none exceeded the USEPA criterion.
\nBottom-sediment concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, and organic carbon were largest in City Creek. In City Creek and Horse Heaven Creek, concentrations for 11 constituents--antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese (Horse Heaven Creek only), mercury, selenium, silver, zinc, and organic carbon (City Creek only)--exceeded concentrations considered to be enriched in streams of the nearby Willamette River Basin, whereas in Steamboat Creek only two trace elements--antimony and nickel--exceeded Willamette River enriched concentrations. Bottom-sediment concentrations for six of these constituents in City Creek and Horse Heaven Creek--arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc--also exceeded interim Canadian threshold effect level (TEL) concentrations established for the protection of aquatic life, whereas only four constituents between Singe Creek and Steamboat Creek--arsenic, chromium, copper (Singe Creek only), and nickel--exceeded the TEL concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri984105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County and U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F., 1998, Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4105, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984105.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4105/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"260.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":311659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4105/report-thumb.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"North Umpqua River, Steamboat Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 43.17914423586491\n ],\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 43.17914423586491\n ],\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 43.17914423586491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27117,"text":"wri984109 - 1998 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin — Spatial distribution of geochemicals in the fine fraction of streambed sediment, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:36:03.613212","indexId":"wri984109","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4109","displayTitle":"Surface-Water-Quality Assessment of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin—Spatial Distribution of Geochemicals in the Fine Fraction of Streambed Sediment, 1987","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin — Spatial distribution of geochemicals in the fine fraction of streambed sediment, 1987","docAbstract":"Geochemical data for the upper Illinois River Basin are presented for concentrations of 39 elements in streambed sediment collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the fall of 1987. These data were collected as part of the pilot phase of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. A total of 372 sites were sampled, with 238 sites located on first- and second-order streams, and 134 sites located on main stems. Spatial distribution maps and exceedance probability plots are presented for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, carbon (total, inorganic, and organic), cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, thorium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc. For spatial distribution maps, concentrations of the elements are grouped into four ranges bounded by the minimum concentration, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and the maximum concentrations. These ranges were selected to highlight streambed sediment with very low or very high element concentrations relative to the rest of the streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River Basin. Exceedance probability plots for each element display the differences, if any, in distributions between high- and low-order streams and may be helpful in determining differences between background and elevated concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984109","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Arnold, T., and Colman, J.A., 1998, Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin — Spatial distribution of geochemicals in the fine fraction of streambed sediment, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4109, vi, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984109.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2234,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4109/wrir98_4109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 98–4109"},{"id":158695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4109/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":392915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42947.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -88.5552978515625,\n 43.12905229628564\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -88.5113525390625,\n 41.828642001860544\n ],\n [\n -89.066162109375,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 40.693134153308065\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 40.40094763151963\n ],\n [\n -87.5775146484375,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -86.9732666015625,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 40.88860081193033\n ],\n [\n -85.616455078125,\n 41.253032440653186\n ],\n [\n -85.75927734375,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -86.9183349609375,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -87.4456787109375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -87.5445556640625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -87.6873779296875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 42.67435857693381\n ],\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 43.14909399920127\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
A study of the effects of storm runoff from urban areas on water quality at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, was conducted from May 1994 through September 1996. The purpose of this report is to present information to assess the current (1994-96) conditions and possible methods for anticipating future water-quality effects from storm runoff and changes in land use. Three sampling sites were established to monitor streamflow and water quality from three watersheds draining the study area. Streamflow was monitored continuously, and water-quality samples were collected during low-flow (12 samples) and storm-runoff (21 samples) conditions to determine mean annual constituent loads.
Constituent concentrations for the most part were smallest during low flow with the exception of major ions, dissolved solids, and some nutrients. Concentrations of suspended solids and total recoverable metals at all three sites were much larger in storm-runoff samples than in low-flow samples--typically an order of magnitude larger than low-flow concentrations. Mean low-flow nutrient concentrations were either larger than or smaller than storm-runoff concentrations depending on the watershed.
Total chloroform and total tetrachloroethylene were the only two volatile organic compounds detected, and acid-base/neutral organic compounds were not detected in any of the samples collected. Eight pesticides were detected in low-flow samples, and 15 pesticides were detected in storm-runoff samples. The only mean concentrations of the selected constituents in this study that exceeded either the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level or the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level were dissolved solids and total recoverable iron and manganese.
Mean annual loads for 10 selected constituents were estimated for each watershed. Overall, storm runoff contributed more than one-half of the total mean annual loads for 8 of the 10 selected constituents. In fact, more than 70 percent of the mean annual loads for suspended solids and total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc were contributed by storm runoff. More than one-half the mean annual load was contributed during lowflow for dissolved
solids at all watersheds.
Mean annual yields (mass per unit area) of selected constituents from each watershed indicated few differences between watersheds. The lack of variability of yields among the three watersheds indicates that differences in land uses are small enough that few distinctions can be made between watersheds. Overall, storm runoff contributed more than one-half of the mean annual yields for chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, most of the selected nutrient constituents, and total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc. Large yields of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and total recoverable metals during storm runoff from one of the watersheds are probably related to the erosion of exposed soils at construction sites within the watershed. Low yields of suspended solids and total recoverable copper and zinc from another watershed are probably related to retention-storage effects from lakes upstream from the sampling site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Army, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., 1998, Concentrations, loads, and yields of selected water-quality constituents during low flow and storm runoff from three watersheds at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, May 1994 through September 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4001, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984001.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48897.htm"},{"id":360240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4001/wrir19984001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1998–4001"},{"id":158307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4001/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Fort Leavenworth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.324737093790155\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 39.324737093790155\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 39.364563203559975\n ],\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.364563203559975\n ],\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.324737093790155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Payette National Forest (PNF), in west-central Idaho, is geologically diverse and contains a wide variety of mineral resources. Mineral deposit types are grouped into locatable, leasable, and salable categories. The PNF has substantial past production and identified resources of locatable commodities, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, tungsten, antimony, mercury, and opal. Minor lignitic coal is the only leasable mineral resource known to be present in the PNF. Resources of salable commodities in the PNF include sand-and-gravel, basalt for crushed-rock aggregate, and minor gypsum.
\nLocatable mineral resources are geographically divided between eastern and western parts of the PNF. The western PNF lies west of the Riggins-to-Cascade highway (US 95 - Idaho 55), and the eastern PNF is east of that highway. The western and eastern parts of the PNF are geologically distinctive and have different types of locatable mineral deposits, so their locatable mineral resources are described separately. Within the western and eastern parts of the PNF, locatable deposit types generally are described in order of decreasing geologic age.
\nAn expert panel delineated tracts considered geologically permissive and (or) favorable for the occurrence of undiscovered mineral deposits of types that are known to be present within or near the PNF. The panel also estimated probabilities for undiscovered deposits, and used numerical simulation, based on tonnage-grade distribution models, to derive estimates of in-situ metals contained. These estimates are summarized in terms of mean and median measures of central tendency. Most grade and tonnage distributions appear to be log-normal, with the median lower than the mean. Inasmuch as the mean is influenced by the largest deposits in the model tonnage-grade distribution, the median provides a lower measure of central tendency and a more conservative estimation of undiscovered resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98219A","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Johnson, B.R., Cookro, T.M., Lund, K., Watts, K., King, H.D., Kleinkopf, M.D., Pitkin, J.A., Sanchez, J.D., and Causey, J.D., 1998, Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-219, Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98219A.","productDescription":"Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files","numberOfPages":"270","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284335,"rank":10,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98219A.jpg"},{"id":3458,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64408,"rank":12,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284327,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.met"},{"id":284326,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfdepmod.met"},{"id":284328,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pdf/of98-219a.pdf"},{"id":284329,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnf.tar.Z"},{"id":284330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/covers.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284331,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/more.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.e00.Z"},{"id":284333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.hp.Z"},{"id":284334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.eps.Z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Payette National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.04,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,44.4219 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Bruce R.","contributorId":100009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cookro, Theresa M.","contributorId":47808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookro","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth C.","contributorId":101180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Harley D. hking@usgs.gov","contributorId":4046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Harley","email":"hking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kleinkopf, Merlin D.","contributorId":76643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanchez, J. David","contributorId":40511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":32169,"text":"ofr98478 - 1998 - Mineral resource appraisal of the Salmon National Forest, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T13:09:04.776939","indexId":"ofr98478","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-478","title":"Mineral resource appraisal of the Salmon National Forest, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Salmon National Forest administers 1,776,994 net acres of mountainous terrain located in east-central Idaho. Most of the Forest is in Lemhi County; only a small portion falls within Idaho and Valley Counties. Approximately 426,114 acres of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness extends into the western part of the Forest and mineral entry is severely restricted. Because of its location within the Salmon River drainage, the Forest also is subject to numerous issues surrounding restoration of anadromous fish runs.\n\nMineral production from the Salmon National Forest began during 1866 when placer gold was discovered in Leesburg Basin. Hardrock mining quickly spread throughout the Forest and many deposits containing a wide range of commodities were discovered and developed. Although early records are sketchy, production is estimated to include 940,000 ounces gold, 654,000 ounces silver, 61.9 million pounds copper, 8.9 million pounds lead, 13.9 million pounds cobalt, 208,000 pounds zinc, and 37,000 tons fluorite mill feed.\n\nMineral resources are large, diverse, and occur in many deposit types including exhalative, stockwork, disseminated, vein, replacement, sedimentary, skarn, breccia pipe, porphyry, and placer. The largest cobalt resource in the United States occurs in the Blackbird Mining District. Other resources include gold, silver, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphate, manganese, iron, fluorite, uranium, thorium, rare earth oxides, and barite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98478","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Close, T., and McHugh, E., 1998, Mineral resource appraisal of the Salmon National Forest, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-478, 277 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98478.","productDescription":"277 p.","numberOfPages":"277","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":60281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0478/pdf/of98-478.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0478/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0478/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Salmon National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.565231,45.218764 ], [ -114.565231,45.281607 ], [ -114.437171,45.281607 ], [ -114.437171,45.218764 ], [ -114.565231,45.218764 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Rick","contributorId":64158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Close, Terry","contributorId":76651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Close","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, Ed","contributorId":52890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53946,"text":"ofr98206AB - 1998 - Database of significant deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T13:00:41","indexId":"ofr98206AB","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-206","chapter":"A,B","title":"Database of significant deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States","docAbstract":"It has long been recognized that the largest mineral deposits contain most of the known mineral endowment (Singer and DeYoung, 1980). Sometimes called giant or world-class deposits, these largest deposits account for a very large share of historic and current mineral production and resources in industrial society (Singer, 1995). For example, Singer (1995) shows that the largest 10 percent of the world’s gold deposits contain 86 percent of the gold discovered to date. Many mineral resource issues and investigations are more easily addressed if limited to the relatively small number of deposits that contain most of the known mineral resources. An estimate of known resources using just these deposits would normally be sufficient, because considering smaller deposits would not add significantly to the total estimate. Land-use planning should treat mainly with these deposits due to their relative scarcity, the large share of known resources they contain, and the fact that economies of scale allow minerals to be produced much more cheaply from larger deposits. Investigation of environmental and other hazards that result from mining operations can be limited to these largest deposits because they account for most of past and current production.
The National Mineral Resource Assessment project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a database on the largest known deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States to complement the 1996 national assessment of undiscovered deposits of these same metals (Ludington and Cox, 1996). The deposits in this database account for approximately 99 percent of domestic production of these metals and probably a similar share of identified resources. These data may be compared with results of the assessment of undiscovered resources to characterize the nation’s total mineral endowment for these metals. This database is a starting point for any national or regional mineral-resource or mineral-environmental investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98206AB","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., DeYoung, and Ludington, S., 1998, Database of significant deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-206, Report: 60 p.; Readme; References; Dataset: XLS; Dataset: TAB, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98206AB.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; Readme; References; Dataset: XLS; Dataset: TAB","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284315,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/SD4.tab"},{"id":87811,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/pdf/of98-206a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284312,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/readme.txt"},{"id":284313,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/pdf/98-206arefs.pdf"},{"id":298314,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":284314,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0206a-b/SD4.xls"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Keith R. 0000-0002-6457-2820 klong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-2820","contributorId":2279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Keith","email":"klong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeYoung, Jr. 0000-0003-1169-6026 jdeyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-6026","contributorId":523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jdeyoung@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludington, Stephen slud@usgs.gov","contributorId":3093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Stephen","email":"slud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24442,"text":"ofr98549 - 1998 - Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:46:25","indexId":"ofr98549","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-549","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97","docAbstract":"Continuous-record water-level gages were established at three sites on Mountain Island Lake and one site downstream from Mountain Island Dam. The water level of Mountain Island Lake is controlled by Duke Power Company releases at Cowans Ford Dam (upstream) and Mountain Island Dam (downstream). Water levels on Mountain Island Lake measured just downstream from Cowans Ford Dam fluctuated 11.15 feet during the study. Water levels just upstream from the Mountain Island Lake forebay fluctuated 6.72 feet during the study. About 3 miles downstream from Mountain Island Dam, water levels fluctuated 5.31 feet.\r\n\r\nSampling locations included 14 sites in Mountain Island Lake, plus one downstream river site. At three sites, automated instruments recorded water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and specific conductance at 15-minute intervals throughout the study. Water temperatures recorded continuously during the study ranged from 4.2 to 35.2 degrees Celsius, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 11.8 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations generally were inversely related to water temperature, with lowest dissolved-oxygen concentrations typically recorded in the summer. Specific conductance values recorded continuously during the study ranged from 33 to 89 microsiemens per centimeter; however, mean monthly values were fairly consistent throughout the study at all sites (50 to 61 microsiemens per centimeter). In addition, vertical profiles of water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, specific conductance, and pH were measured at all sampling locations during 24 site visits.\r\n\r\nWater-quality constituent concentrations were determined for seven reservoir sites and the downstream river site during 17 sampling trips. Water-quality samples were routinely analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, hardness, alkalinity, total and volatile suspended solids, nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll, iron, calcium, and magnesium; the samples were analyzed less frequently for trace metals, volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and pesticides. Maximum dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations determined during the study were 0.348 milligram per liter in the mainstem sites and 2.77 milligrams per liter in the coves. Maximum total phosphorus concentrations were 0.143 milligram per liter in the mainstem sites and 0.600 milligram per liter in the coves. Fecal coliform and chlorophyll a concentrations were less than or equal to 160 colonies per 100 milliliters and 13 micrograms per liter, respectively, in all samples. Trace metals detected in at least one sample included arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and antimony. Concentrations of all trace metals (except zinc) were 5.0 micrograms per liter or less; the maximum zinc concentration was 80 micrograms per liter.\r\n\r\nOne set of bottom material samples was collected from Gar Creek and McDowell Creek for chemical analysis and analyzed for nutrients, trace metals, organochlorine pesticides, and semivolatile organic compounds. The only organochlorine pesticide identified in either sample was p,p'-DDE at an estimated concentration of 0.8 microgram per kilogram. Twenty semivolatile organic compounds, mainly polyaromatic hydrocarbons and plasticizers, were identified.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98549","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sarver, K., and Steiner, B., 1998, Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-549, v, 165 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98549.","productDescription":"v, 165 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0549/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0549/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Catawba River Basin, Mountain Island 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K.M.","contributorId":104097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarver","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steiner, B.C.","contributorId":8508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiner","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23094,"text":"ofr98411 - 1998 - Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23094,"text":"ofr98411 - 1998 - Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams","indexId":"ofr98411","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30917,"text":"wri014075 - 2001 - Estimated loads and yields of suspended solids and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams","indexId":"wri014075","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated loads and yields of suspended solids and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":30917,"text":"wri014075 - 2001 - Estimated loads and yields of suspended solids and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams","indexId":"wri014075","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated loads and yields of suspended solids and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T20:50:10.431904","indexId":"ofr98411","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-411","title":"Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams","docAbstract":"Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents were estimated for selected Kentucky streams. Streamflow, sediment, and water-quality information were collected at a network of 44 stream stations in Kentucky. Mean daily discharge was synthesized using the drainage-area ratio, regression analysis, or a combination of the two techniques. Streamflow was partitioned into total and base flow and used to estimate loads and yields for sediment and water-quality constituents through the use of ESTIMATOR and FLUX software. The relative magnitude of constituent transport to streams from ground- and surface-water sources was determined for 20 of the 44 stations. Mean annual total-flow yields for suspended solids (residue, nonfilterable) ranged from 0.4 to 365 tons per square mile (tons/mi). The smallest mean annual total-flow yield for suspended solids was determined at Clarks Run at Almo; the largest was determined at Eagle Creek at Glencoe. The aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yield for suspended solids was 112 tons/mi2. The analysis of trace-metal data indicates that the largest mean annual total-flow yield of cadmium-0.039 tons/mil—was determined at Clarks River at Almo. This yield is approximately 20 times greater than the aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yields (0.002 tons/mi2). Nine (45 percent) of the stations had mean annual total-flow yields equal to the aggregate minimum value (0.001 tons/mi2). The maximum total-flow yield of chromium (0.009 tons/mi2) was determined at Eagle Creek at Glencoe. Clarks River at Almo had the smallest estimated mean annual total- and base-flow yields for chromium (less than 0.001 tons/mi2). The aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yield for copper was 0.007 tons/mi2. Barren River at Bowling Green and Clarks River at Almo had the largest estimated mean annual total-flow yields for copper (0.017 tons/mi2). The aggregate median of the mean annual total-flow yield for lead was 0.021 tons/mi2. Barren River at Bowling Green had the largest mean annual total-flow yield of lead (0.04 tons/mi2). Three stations—Beech Fork at Maud, Red River at Clay City, and South Fork Kentucky River at Booneville—had an estimate of mean annual total-flow yields of lead equal to the aggregate minimum of 0.004 tons/mi2. Analysis of the nutrient data indicates that the largest mean annual total-flow yield of nitrite plus nitrate (11.8 tons/mi2) was estimated at South Elkhorn Creek near Midway. This yield is nearly 10 times the aggregate median value (1.3 tons/mi2). The minimum annual total-flow yield of nitrite plus nitrate (0.419 tons/mi2) was estimated at Middle Fork Kentucky River at Tallega. Salt River at Glensboro had the largest mean annual total-flow yield of ammonia and organic nitrogen (206 tons/mi2). This is nearly 400 times the aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yield of 0.57 tons/mi2. The phosphorus yield (total flow) was greatest at Clarks River at Almo with 3.4 tons/mi2. This phosphorus yield is nearly 30 times the aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yield of 0.12 tons/mi2. The smallest mean annual total-flow yield for phosphorus (0.036 tons/mi2) was estimated at South Fork Kentucky River at Booneville. North Fork Kentucky River at Jackson had the smallest mean annual total-flow yield of ammonia (0.004 tons/mi2). The aggregate median value of the mean annual total-flow yield for ammonia was 0.93 tons/mi2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98411","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet-Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Garcia, R., and Crain, A.S., 1998, Loads and yields of sediment and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-411, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98411.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0411/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0411/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Mexico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T21:38:34.864567","indexId":"ofr98347","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-347","title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed the Lake Valley Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), which includes the historic Lake Valley townsite and silver-manganese mining district, for undiscovered mineral resources. The Lake Valley ACEC is along the southeastern margin of the Black Range of western Sierra County, New Mexico. The Black Range contains eleven mining districts from which silver, lead, zinc, manganese, copper, gold, and tin have been recovered. As part of the study, an area of over 75 square mi (195 square km) in the area of the Lake Valley ACEC was mapped to understand ore controls and to assess mineral-resource potential. Lake Valley mining district is in Mississippian Lake Valley Formation carbonate rocks, but much of the surrounding terrane consists of volcanic rocks on the southeastern edge of the Emory cauldron which formed about 34.9 Ma. Volcanic rocks are part of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic province which include flows, breccias, ash-flow tuffs, and intrusive rhyolites. The Lake Valley mining district is located about 20 mi (32 km) south of the Late Cretaceous Laramide copper-gold porphyry intrusion at Hillsboro. It is also located at the western boundary of the Rio Grande rift basin.The Lake Valey fault is the major structural feature of the study area. Geological and geophysical data suggest the fault is composed of two segments: a southern, northwest-striking segment that may have a pre-Tertiary history and a northerly-striking segment that is part of the Emory cauldron ring fracture. The mining district is bounded by the southern, northwest-striking segment of the fault which may have up to 800 ft (240m) of normal offset. Deposit types identified in the Black Range, and for which we assess mineral potential, are Laramide porphyry, Laramide skarns, Laramide veins, gold placer, carbonate-hosted, volcanic-epithermal, and rhyolite tin; no Rio Grande Rift baritefluorite-galena deposits are known, but they are included in the assessment. The most likely deposits to be discovered in the Lake Valley district are carbonate-hosted silver-manganese deposits. These deposits could be deposited by hydrothermal fluids or be related to intrusion of Oligocene rhyolite or Laramide porphyry. An aeromagnetic high south of the district probably reflects a small felsic intrusion of unknown age. We assess the Lake Valley ACEC as having low to moderate potential for undiscovered carbonate-hosted deposits associated with volcanic rocks or Laramide porphyry plutons, and low potential for gold placer and rhyolite tin deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98347","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C., O’Neill, J., McLemore, V., Lindsey, D.A., Ratte, J., Hedlund, D.C., Klein, D.P., and Kleinkopf, M.D., 1998, Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-347, Report: 70 p.; 1 Plate: 34.99 x 42.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98347.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; 1 Plate: 34.99 x 42.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":399846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sierra County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 32.6928\n ],\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.6928\n ],\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b471c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J.M.","contributorId":85562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLemore, V. T.","contributorId":15225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"V. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedlund, D. C.","contributorId":101624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedlund","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. D.","contributorId":10036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}