The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, constructed Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System models to estimate daily streamflow for nine river basins in eastern Iowa that drain into the Mississippi River. The models are part of a suite of methods for estimating daily streamflow at ungaged sites. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed- parameter, physical-process-based modeling system developed to evaluate the response of streamflow and general drainage basin hydrology to various combinations of climate and land use. Calibration and validation periods used in each basin mostly were October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2012, but differed depending on the period of record available for daily mean streamflow measurements at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations.
\nA geographic information system tool was used to delineate each basin and estimate values for model parameters based on basin physical and geographical features. A U.S. Geological Survey auto-calibration tool that uses a shuffled complex evolution algorithm was used for initial calibration, and then manual modifications were made to parameter values to complete the calibration of each basin model. The main objective of the calibration was to match daily discharge values of simulated streamflow to measured daily discharge values.
\nThe accuracy of Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model streamflow estimates of nine river basins in eastern Iowa as compared to measured values at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations varied. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System models of nine river basins in eastern Iowa were satisfactory at estimating daily streamflow at 57 of the 79 calibration sites and 13 of the 14 validation sites based on statistical results. Unsatisfactory performance can be contributed to several factors: (1) low flow, no flow, and flashy flow conditions in headwater subbasins having a small drainage area; (2) poor representation of the groundwater and storage components of flow within a basin; (3) lack of accounting for basin withdrawals and water use; and (4) the availability and accuracy of meteorological input data. The Precipitation- Runoff Modeling System models of nine river basins in eastern Iowa will provide water-resource managers with a consistent and documented method for estimating streamflow at ungaged sites and aid in environmental studies, hydraulic design, water management, and water-quality projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Haj, A.E., Christiansen, D.E., and Hutchinson, K.J., 2015, Simulation of daily streamflow for nine river basins in eastern\nIowa using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report\n2015–5129, 29 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155129.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067401","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5129/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5129/sir20155129.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5129"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -96.04248046875,\n 43.96909818325174\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 40.59727063442027\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 41.3025710943056\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 42.35042512243457\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 42.62587560259137\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1230
Iowa City, IA 52244
http://ia.water.usgs.gov/
The locations and sizes of potential cold-water refuges for trout were examined in 2005 along a 27-kilometer segment of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in northern New York to evaluate the extent of refuges, the effects of routine flow releases from an impoundment, and how these refuges and releases might influence trout survival in reaches that otherwise would be thermally stressed. This river segment supports small populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and also receives regular releases of reservoir-surface waters to support rafting during the summer, when water temperatures in both the reservoir and the river frequently exceed thermal thresholds for trout survival. Airborne thermal infrared imaging was supplemented with continuous, in-stream temperature loggers to identify potential refuges that may be associated with tributary inflows or groundwater seeps and to define the extent to which the release flows decrease the size of existing refuges. In general, the release flows overwhelmed the refuge areas and greatly decreased the size and number of the areas. Mean water temperatures were unaffected by the releases, but small-scale heterogeneity was diminished. At a larger scale, water temperatures in the upper and lower segments of the reach were consistently warmer than in the middle segment, even during passage of release waters. The inability of remote thermal infrared images to consistently distinguish land from water (in shaded areas) and to detect groundwater seeps (away from the shallow edges of the stream) limited data analysis and the ability to identify potential thermal refuge areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and Rochester Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Ernst, A.G., Baldigo, B.P., Calef, F.J., Freehafer, D.A., and Kremens, R.L., 2015, Identifying trout refuges in the Indian and Hudson Rivers in northern New York through airborne thermal infrared remote sensing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1078, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151078.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054790","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1078/ofr20151078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1078"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River and Indian River, Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.60326743161359\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.98886243884903\n ],\n [\n -73.90777587890625,\n 43.98886243884903\n ],\n [\n -73.90777587890625,\n 43.60326743161359\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 43.60326743161359\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
Remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of the sea floor, acquired by boat- and aircraft-based survey systems, were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida, for the area at Cape Canaveral.
\nThe work was conducted as part of a study to describe an updated bathymetric dataset collected in 2014 and compare it to previous data sets. The updated data focus on the bathymetric features and sediment transport pathways that connect the offshore regions to the shoreline and, therefore, are related to the protection of other portions of the coastal environment, such as dunes, that support infrastructure and ecosystems.
\nCape Canaveral Coastal System (CCCS) is a prominent feature along the Southeast U.S. coastline and is the only large cape south of Cape Fear, North Carolina. Most of the CCCS lies within the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and included within its boundaries are the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and a large portion of Canaveral National Seashore. The actual promontory of the modern cape falls within the jurisdictional boundaries of the CCAFS.
\nHydrographic survey data were collected August 18-20, 2014 (USGS Field Activity Number 2014-324-FA). The study covered a 20 kilometer (km) section of shoreline extending from Port Canaveral, Fla., to the northern end of the KSC property, and from the shoreline to about 2.5 km offshore. Data were acquired using both sound navigation and ranging (sonar) and light detection and ranging (lidar) systems. Two jet skis and a 17-foot (ft) outboard motor boat equipped with the USGS SANDS (System for Accurate Nearshore Depth Surveying) hydrographic system collected precision sonar data. The USGS airborne EAARL-B mapping system flown in a twin engine airplane was used to collect lidar data. The missions were synchronized so that there was temporal and spatial overlap between the sonar and lidar operations. Additional data were collected to evaluate water clarity to verify the ability of lidar to receive bathymetric returns. Both systems used differential Global Positioning System GPS and utilized the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geodetic Survey (NOAA/NGS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) station located at CCAFS was used as the reference station.
\nThis data series serves as an archive of processed single-beam sonar and lidar bathymetry data. Graphical Information System (GIS) data products include XYZ point bathymetry data files, a color coded bathymetry map, and interpolated bathymetry grid surface.
\nAdditional information includes an error analysis and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.
\nFor more information about similar projects, please visit the Barrier Island Evolution Web site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds957","usgsCitation":"Hansen, Mark, Plant, N.G., Thompson, D.M., Troche, R.J., Kranenburg, C.J., and Klipp, E.S., 2015, Archive of bathymetry data collected at Cape Canaveral, Florida, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 957, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds957.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-08-18","temporalEnd":"2014-08-20","ipdsId":"IP-064065","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0957","text":"Report HTML","description":"DS 956"},{"id":309528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0957/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Cape Canaveral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.57132720947264,\n 28.57909501280518\n ],\n [\n -80.56068420410156,\n 28.529337159530115\n ],\n [\n -80.52635192871094,\n 28.461447671879817\n ],\n [\n -80.52532196044922,\n 28.44877013274692\n ],\n [\n -80.5514144897461,\n 28.441525142203908\n ],\n [\n -80.56514739990234,\n 28.434279655423556\n ],\n [\n -80.57716369628906,\n 28.423410494987063\n ],\n [\n -80.5843734741211,\n 28.411030369596805\n ],\n [\n -80.5569076538086,\n 28.397440761221713\n ],\n [\n -80.50712585449219,\n 28.437600565124914\n ],\n [\n -80.49613952636719,\n 28.4656731804089\n ],\n [\n -80.55038452148438,\n 28.585426143239545\n ],\n [\n -80.57132720947264,\n 28.57909501280518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Three aeromagnetic surveys were flown to improve understanding of the geology and structure in the Sacramento Valley. The resulting data serve as a basis for geophysical interpretations, and support geological mapping, water and mineral resource investigations, and other topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on aeromagnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries. Bodies of serpentinite and other mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense positive magnetic anomalies (for example, in the northwest part of the map). These rock types are the inferred sources, concealed beneath weakly magnetic, valley-fill deposits, of the most prominent magnetic features in the map area, the magnetic highs that extend along the valley axis. Cenozoic volcanic rocks are also an important source of magnetic anomalies and coincide with short-wavelength anomalies that can be either positive (strong central positive anomaly flanked by lower-amplitude negative anomalies) or negative (strong central negative anomaly flanked by lower-amplitude positive anomalies), reflecting the contribution of remanent magnetization. Rocks with more felsic compositions or even some sedimentary units also can cause measurable magnetic anomalies. For example, the long, linear, narrow north-trending anomalies (with amplitudes of <50 nanoteslas [nT]) along the western margin of the valley coincide with exposures of the Mesozoic Great Valley sequence. Note that isolated, short-wavelength anomalies, such as those in the city of Sacramento and along some of the major roads, are caused by manmade features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151186","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., 2015, Aeromagnetic survey map of Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1186, Map: 32.40 x 44.91 inches; Datasets; Metadata; Read Me, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151186.","productDescription":"Map: 32.40 x 44.91 inches; Datasets; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065763","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309022,"rank":11,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_metadata_sacramento_new.txt","text":"Sacramento","size":"13 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Sacramento metadata"},{"id":308982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309021,"rank":12,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_metadata_redbluff_new.txt","text":"Redbluff","size":"13 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Redbluff metadata"},{"id":308987,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_mag_grid.xyz","text":"Aeromagnetic gridded values","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Aeromagnetic gridded values"},{"id":309460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_readme.txt","text":"Read me","size":"9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Read me"},{"id":308983,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186.pdf","text":"Map","size":"21.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186"},{"id":308984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_chico_mag.XYZ","text":"Chico survey aeromagnetic data","size":"383.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Chico survey aeromagnetic data"},{"id":308985,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_mag_grad_big.dat","text":"Maximum horizontal gradients (larger than mean value)","size":"346 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Maximum horizontal gradients (larger than mean value)"},{"id":308986,"rank":9,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_mag_grad_small.dat","text":"Maximum horizontal gradients (smaller than mean value)","size":"238 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Maximum horizontal gradients (smaller than mean value)"},{"id":309016,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_redbluff_mag.XYZ.txt","text":"Redbluff survey aeromagnetic data","size":"346.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Redbluff survey aeromagnetic data"},{"id":309017,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_sacramento_mag.XYZ","text":"Sacramento survey aeromagnetic data","size":"639 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Sacramento survey aeromagnetic data"},{"id":309018,"rank":10,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_metadata_chico_new.txt","text":"Chico","size":"15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Chico metadata"},{"id":309019,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_metadata_grad_new.txt","text":"Grad","size":"9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Grad metadata"},{"id":309020,"rank":14,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1186/ofr20151186_metadata_grid_new.txt","text":"Grid","size":"9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1186 Grid metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8656005859375,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -122.05261230468751,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -121.8218994140625,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 40.30885442563764\n ],\n [\n -120.750732421875,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -121.44287109374999,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 38.40194908237825\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 40.057052221322\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -122.8656005859375,\n 40.38839687388361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560f9ca1e4b0ba4884c5ee8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":148146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":574063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146877,"text":"tm6D3 - 2015 - Documentation of a restart option for the U.S. Geological Survey coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow (GSFLOW) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T12:43:52","indexId":"tm6D3","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-02T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-D3","title":"Documentation of a restart option for the U.S. Geological Survey coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow (GSFLOW) model","docAbstract":"A new option to write and read antecedent conditions (also referred to as initial conditions) has been developed for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow (GSFLOW) numerical, hydrologic simulation code. GSFLOW is an integration of the USGS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and USGS Modular Groundwater-Flow Model (MODFLOW), and provides three simulation modes: MODFLOW-only, PRMS-only, and GSFLOW (or coupled). The new capability, referred to as the restart option, can be used for all three simulation modes, such that the results from a pair (or set) of spin-up and restart simulations are nearly identical to results produced from a continuous simulation for the same time period. The restart option writes all results to files at the end of a spin-up simulation that are required to initialize a subsequent restart simulation. Previous versions of GSFLOW have had some capability to save model results for use as antecedent condiitions in subsequent simulations; however, the existing capabilities were not comprehensive or easy to use. The new restart option supersedes the previous methods. The restart option was developed in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service as part of the Integrated Water Resources Science and Services Partnership. The primary focus for the development of the restart option was to support medium-range (7- to 14-day) forecasts of low streamflow conditions made by the National Weather Service for critical water-supply basins in which groundwater plays an important role.
\nThe spin-up simulation should be run for a sufficient length of time necessary to establish antecedent conditions throughout a model domain. Each GSFLOW application can require different lengths of time to account for the hydrologic stresses to propagate through a coupled groundwater and surface-water system. Typically, groundwater hydrologic processes require many years to come into equilibrium with dynamic climate and other forcing (or stress) data, such as precipitation and well pumping, whereas runoff-dominated surface-water processes respond relatively quickly. Use of a spin-up simulation can substantially reduce execution-time requirements for applications where the time period of interest is small compared to the time for hydrologic memory; thus, use of the restart option can be an efficient strategy for forecast and calibration simulations that require multiple simulations starting from the same day.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Ground-water/Surface-water in Book 6U.S. Geological Survey
Office of Groundwater
411 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Internet: http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms (Morgan, 2009). On October 5-6, 2014, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, aboard a Cessna 182 at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore. This mission was flown to collect baseline data to assess incremental changes since the last survey, flown in November 2012, and the data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.
\nThe images provided in this report are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the state of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in five-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photos and Maps page. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
\nIn addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds958","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K.L.M., 2015, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the Virginia/North Carolina Border to Montauk Point, New York,St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Development of the Wichita well field began in the 1940s in the Equus Beds aquifer to provide the city of Wichita, Kansas, a new water-supply source. After development of the Wichita well field began, groundwater levels began to decline. Extensive development of irrigation wells that began in the 1970s also contributed to substantial groundwater-level declines. Groundwater-level declines likely enhance movement of brine from past oil and gas production near Burrton, Kansas, and natural saline water from the Arkansas River into the Wichita well field. Groundwater levels reached a historical minimum in 1993 because of drought conditions, irrigation, and the city of Wichita’s withdrawals from the aquifer. In 1993, the city of Wichita adopted the Integrated Local Water Supply Program to ensure that Wichita’s water needs would be met through the year 2050 and beyond as part of its efforts to manage the part of the Equus Beds aquifer Wichita uses. A key component of the Integrated Local Water Supply Program was the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project. The Aquifer Storage and Recovery project’s goal is to store and eventually recover groundwater and help protect the Equus Beds aquifer from oil-field brine water near Burrton, Kansas, and saline water from the Arkansas River. Since 1940, the U.S. Geological Survey has monitored groundwater levels and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds aquifer to provide data to the city of Wichita in order to better manage its water supply.
\nGroundwater mostly flowed from west to east in the shallow and deep parts of the Equus Beds aquifer in January 2015. A large area of declines greater than 10 feet in the shallow part of the Equus Beds aquifer from predevelopment (before substantial pumpage began in the area in September 1940) to January 2015 covered most of the central part of the study area, where the city of Wichita well field is located, and extended beyond it. Groundwater-level rises of greater than 10 feet from 1993 (the historical minimum groundwater levels) to January 2015 covered most of the central part of the study area in the shallow and deep parts of the Equus Beds aquifer; rises of greater than 20 feet mostly were within the north-central part of the study area. The 1993 to January 2015 recovery of storage volume previously lost from predevelopment to 1993 was about 46 percent (55,200 acre-feet) for the central part of the study area and the percentage recovery was larger than the 31 percent (59,800 acre-feet) recovery for the entire study area. Groundwater-level rises and the larger percentage recovery of storage volume in the central part of the study area was most likely a result of the city of Wichita adopting the Integrated Local Water Supply Program strategy which reduced Wichita’s pumpage from the Equus Beds aquifer in 2014 to the smallest amount since 1940. January 2015 storage volumes were about 96 percent (3,057,000 acre-feet) and 94 percent (960,000 acre-feet) of total aquifer storage for the study area and the central part of the study area, respectively.
\nGroundwater levels from January 2014 to January 2015 in the central part of the study area rose about 3 feet in some places, probably because Wichita reduced its withdrawals from the aquifer in 2014 by more than 50 percent. Groundwater levels probably recovered less than anticipated because of decreased recharge and net groundwater flow and increased agricultural pumpage. A volumetric water budget for the central part of the study area between 2013 and 2014 showed that the substantial decrease in total pumping (10,412 acre-feet) did not result in an increase in storage volume because it was more than offset by decreased recharge (6,502 acre-feet; artificial and from precipitation) and an even greater decrease in net groundwater flow (11,710 acre-feet).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Whisnant, J.A., Hansen, C.V., and Eslick, P.J., 2015, Groundwater-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment through January 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5121, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155121.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067226","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308476,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5121/sir20155121Apptable1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 Table 1–1","size":"97.2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":308474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5121/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5121/sir20155121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5121"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.72476196289062,\n 38.120512892298976\n ],\n [\n -97.591552734375,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -97.5531005859375,\n 38.06106741381199\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 38.01888587738773\n ],\n [\n -97.48306274414062,\n 37.98533963422242\n ],\n [\n -97.44255065917967,\n 37.934991500488344\n ],\n [\n -97.43431091308592,\n 37.91603433975963\n ],\n [\n -97.437744140625,\n 37.90411590881245\n ],\n [\n -97.43019104003906,\n 37.89273742374153\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 37.88189913601145\n ],\n [\n -97.40959167480469,\n 37.86347038587407\n ],\n [\n -97.39860534667969,\n 37.84557924966551\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -97.38143920898438,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -97.45834350585936,\n 37.819548028632376\n ],\n [\n -97.47894287109375,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -97.50160217285156,\n 37.82497195707114\n ],\n [\n -97.51739501953125,\n 37.83636090929915\n ],\n [\n -97.52494812011719,\n 37.842868092687425\n ],\n [\n -97.54829406738281,\n 37.846663684549156\n ],\n [\n -97.5592803955078,\n 37.86401247373357\n ],\n [\n -97.5860595703125,\n 37.86292829402713\n ],\n [\n -97.61352539062499,\n 37.87973128703159\n ],\n [\n -97.6409912109375,\n 37.88189913601145\n ],\n [\n -97.66639709472656,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -97.69386291503906,\n 37.899781455245545\n ],\n [\n -97.71720886230469,\n 37.91603433975963\n ],\n [\n -97.72476196289062,\n 38.120512892298976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
http://ks.water.usgs.gov
Clear Creek is a small stream that drains the eastern Sierra Nevada near Lake Tahoe, flows roughly parallel to the U.S. Highway 50 corridor, and discharges to the Carson River near Carson City, Nevada. Historical and ongoing development in the drainage basin is thought to be affecting Clear Creek and its sediment-transport characteristics. A baseline study from water years 2004–07 collected and evaluated data at three Clear Creek sampling sites. These data included discharge, selected water-quality parameters, and suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and yields. This study builds on what was learned from the baseline study in water years 2004–07 and serves as a continuation of the data collection and analyses of the Clear Creek discharge regime and associated water-quality and sediment concentrations and loads during water years 2010–12.
\nDuring this study, total annual sediment loads ranged from 355 tons per year in 2010 to 1,768 tons per year in 2011 and were significantly lower than the previous study (water years 2004–07). Bedload represented between 29 and 38 percent of total sediment load in water years 2010–12, and between 72 and 90 percent of the total sediment load in water years 2004–07, which indicates a decrease in bedload between study periods. Annual suspended-sediment loads in water years 2010–12 indicated no significant change from water years 2004–07. Mean daily discharge was significantly lower in water years 2010–12 than in waters years 2004–07 and may be the reason for the decrease in bedload that resulted in a lower total sediment load.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J.M., and Savard, C.S., 2015, Discharge, suspended sediment, bedload, and water quality in Clear Creek, western Nevada, water years 2010–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5124, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155124.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-040257","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5124/sir20155124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5124 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.02665200282546\n ],\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.188360332930166\n ],\n [\n -119.72333908081055,\n 39.188360332930166\n ],\n [\n -119.72333908081055,\n 39.02665200282546\n ],\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.02665200282546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
The water resources of Deep Creek Valley were assessed during 2012–13 with an emphasis on better understanding the groundwater flow system and groundwater budget. Surface-water resources are limited in Deep Creek Valley and are generally used for agriculture. Groundwater is the predominant water source for most other uses and to supplement irrigation. Most groundwater withdrawal in Deep Creek Valley occurs from the unconsolidated basin-fill deposits, in which conditions are generally unconfined near the mountain front and confined in the lower-altitude parts of the valley. Productive aquifers are also present in fractured bedrock that occurs along the valley margins and beneath the basin-fill deposits. The consolidated-rock and basin-fill aquifers are hydraulically connected in many areas with much of the recharge occurring in the consolidated-rock mountain blocks and most of the discharge occurring from the lower-altitude basin-fill deposits.
\nAverage annual recharge to the Deep Creek Valley hydrographic area was estimated to be between 19,000 and 29,000 acre-feet. Groundwater recharge occurs mostly from the infiltration of precipitation and snowmelt at high altitudes. Additional, but limited recharge occurs from the infiltration of runoff from precipitation near the mountain front, infiltration along stream channels, and possible subsurface inflow from adjacent hydrographic areas. Groundwater moves from areas of recharge to springs and streams in the mountains, and to evapotranspiration areas, springs, streams, and wells in the basins. Discharge may also occur as subsurface groundwater outflow to adjacent hydrographic areas. Average annual discharge from the Deep Creek Valley hydrographic area was estimated to be between 21,000 and 22,000 acre-feet, with the largest portion of discharge occurring as evapotranspiration.
\nGroundwater samples were collected from 10 sites for geochemical analysis. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 126 to 475 milligrams per liter, and none of the sites sampled during this study had dissolved-solids concentrations that exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency secondary standard for drinking water of 500 milligrams per liter. Tritium concentrations from 1.6 to 10.1 tritium units at 3 of the 10 sample sites indicate the presence of modern (less than 60 years old) groundwater, and apparent tritium/helium-3 ages calculated for these sites ranged from 7 to 29 years. The other seven sample sites had tritium concentrations less than or equal to 0.4 tritium units and are assumed to be pre-modern. Adjusted minimum radiocarbon ages of these seven pre-modern water samples ranged from 1,000 to 8,000 years with the ages of at least four of the samples being more than 3,000 years. Noble-gas recharge temperatures indicate that groundwater sampled along the valley axis recharged at both mountain and valley altitudes, providing evidence for both mountain-block and mountain-front recharge.
\nWater-level altitude contours and groundwater ages indicate the potential for a long flow path from southwest to northeast between northern Spring and Deep Creek Valleys through Tippett Valley. Although information gathered during this study is insufficient to conclude whether or not groundwater travels along this interbasin flow path, dissolved sulfate and chloride data indicate that a small fraction of the lower altitude, northern Deep Creek Valley discharge may be sourced from these areas. Despite the uncertainty due to limited data collection points, a hydraulic connection between northern Spring Valley, Tippett Valley, and Deep Creek Valley appears likely, and potential regional effects resulting from future groundwater withdrawals in northern Spring Valley warrant ongoing monitoring of groundwater levels across this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., and Masbruch, M.D., 2015, Hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization of groundwater resources in Deep Creek Valley and adjacent areas, Juab and Tooele Counties, Utah, and Elko and White Pine Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5097, 53 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155097.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037371","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5097/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5097/sir20155097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5097 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","county":"Elko County, Juab County, Tooele County, White Pine County","otherGeospatial":"Deep Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.59564208984374,\n 39.35766163717121\n ],\n [\n -114.59564208984374,\n 40.49918094806632\n ],\n [\n -113.72222900390625,\n 40.49918094806632\n ],\n [\n -113.72222900390625,\n 39.35766163717121\n ],\n [\n -114.59564208984374,\n 39.35766163717121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Utah Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2329 Orton Circle
Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2047
http://ut.water.usgs.gov
Historically, the city of Palmdale and vicinity have relied on groundwater as the primary source of water, owing, in large part, to the scarcity of surface water in the region. Despite recent importing of surface water, groundwater withdrawal for municipal, industrial, and agricultural use has resulted in groundwater-level declines near the city of Palmdale in excess of 200 feet since the early 1900s. To meet the growing water demand in the area, the city of Palmdale has proposed the Amargosa Creek Recharge Project (ACRP), which has a footprint of about 150 acres along the Amargosa Creek 2 miles west of Palmdale, California. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term feasibility of recharging the Antelope Valley aquifer system by using infiltration of imported surface water from the California State Water Project in percolation basins at the ACRP.
\nThree monitoring sites were constructed, and geophysical surveys (gravity, seismic, and resistivity) were completed to define the thickness of valley-fill deposits, depth to water, and location of faults that could influence groundwater flow. Data collected at the monitoring sites, and results from the geophysical surveys, were used to identify three northwest-southeast trending faults in the vicinity of the proposed recharge facility; these faults are probably related to the nearby San Andreas fault zone. Water levels collected from wells at the monitoring sites showed water-level altitude differences as much as 230 feet between the upgradient and downgradient sides of the faults, indicating that these faults are barriers to groundwater flow. Lithologic and geophysical logs indicated the presence of a coarse gravel and sand unit extending from land surface to about 150 feet below land surface that did not appear to be disrupted by faulting.
\nWater samples collected from the monitoring wells were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes of oxygen (oxygen-18) and hydrogen (hydrogen-2, or deuterium), and the radioactive isotopes of hydrogen (hydrogen-3, or tritium) and carbon (carbon-14, or 14C) to determine the water quality of the aquifer system and to help determine the source and age of the groundwater. Results of the water-quality analysis indicated that the source of natural recharge is Amargosa Creek near the ACRP, but that the creek does not provide modern-day recharge downstream of the ACRP.
\nPotential effects of artificial recharge at the ACRP were evaluated by using a local-scale model of groundwater flow. On the basis of geologic samples collected during drilling, the hydraulic conductivity of the sand and gravel unit in the upper 150 feet was assumed to range from 10 to 100 feet per day. To address the goal of minimizing the potential for liquefaction during an earthquake from water-table rise associated with groundwater recharge at the ACRP, simulated water levels were constrained to remain at least 50 feet below land surface, except beneath the proposed artificial-recharge facility.
\nThe hydraulic conductivities of faults were estimated on the basis of water-level data and an estimate of natural recharge along Amargosa Creek. With assumed horizontal hydraulic conductivities of 10 and 100 feet per day in the upper 150 feet, the simulated maximum artificial recharge rates to the regional flow system at the ACRP were 3,400 and 9,400 acre-feet per year, respectively. These maximum recharge rates were limited primarily by the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the upper 150 feet and by the liquefaction constraint. Future monitoring of water-level and soil-water content changes during the proposed project would allow improved estimation of aquifer hydraulic properties, the effect of the faults on groundwater movement, and the overall recharge capacity of the ACRP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Palmdale, California","usgsCitation":"Christensen, A.H., Siade, A.J., Martin, Peter, Langeheim, V.E., Catchings, R.D., and Burgess, M.K., 2015, Feasibility and potential effects of the proposed Amargosa Creek recharge project, Palmdale, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5054, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/SIR20155054.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029364","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5054/sir20155054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5054"},{"id":307893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5054/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palmdale","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.58779907226561,\n 34.41710628141647\n ],\n [\n -118.58779907226561,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -117.73635864257812,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -117.73635864257812,\n 34.41710628141647\n ],\n [\n -118.58779907226561,\n 34.41710628141647\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95829
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms (Morgan, 2009). On September 5-6, 2014, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Key Largo, Florida, to the Florida/Georgia border (Figure 1), aboard a Cessna 182 at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore (Figure 2). This mission was flown to collect baseline data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey, flown October 1998, and the data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.
\nThe photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the state of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in 5-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photos and Maps page. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
\nTable 1 provides detailed information about the GPS location, image name, date, and time of each of the 3,892 photographs taken along with links to each photograph.
\nIn addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files. These KML files can be found in the kml folder.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds953","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K.L.M., 2015, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Key Largo, Florida, to the Florida/Georgia border, September 5-6, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 953, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds953.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-09-05","temporalEnd":"2015-09-06","ipdsId":"IP-065621","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0953/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0953/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 953"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.573486328125,\n 25.334096684794456\n ],\n [\n -81.573486328125,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 25.334096684794456\n ],\n [\n -81.573486328125,\n 25.334096684794456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
An annual groundwater budget was computed as part of a hydrogeologic characterization and monitoring effort of fractured-rock aquifers in Bedford County, Virginia, a growing 764-square-mile (mi2) rural area between the cities of Roanoke and Lynchburg, Virginia. Data collection in Bedford County began in the 1930s when continuous stream gages were installed on Goose Creek and Big Otter River, the two major tributaries of the Roanoke River within the county. Between 2006 and 2014, an additional 2 stream gages, 3 groundwater monitoring wells, and 12 partial-record stream gages were operated. Hydrograph separation methods were used to compute base-flow recharge rates from the continuous data collected from the continuous stream gages. Mean annual base-flow recharge ranged from 8.3 inches per year (in/yr) for the period 1931–2012 at Goose Creek near Huddleston (drainage area 188 mi2) to 9.3 in/yr for the period 1938–2012 at Big Otter River near Evington (drainage area 315 mi2). Mean annual base-flow recharge was estimated to be 6.5 in/yr for the period 2007–2012 at Goose Creek at Route 747 near Bunker Hill (drainage area 125 mi2) and 8.9 in/yr for the period 2007–2012 at Big Otter River at Route 221 near Bedford (drainage area 114 mi2). Base-flow recharge computed from the partial-record data ranged from 5.0 in/yr in the headwaters of Goose Creek to 10.5 in/yr in the headwaters of Big Otter River.
\nA steady-state groundwater-flow simulation for Bedford County was developed to test the conceptual understanding of flow in the fractured-rock aquifers and to compute a groundwater budget for the four major drainages: James River, Smith Mountain and Leesville Lakes, Goose Creek, and Big Otter River. Model results indicate that groundwater levels mimic topography and that minimal differences in aquifer properties exist between the Proterozoic basement crystalline rocks and Late Proterozoic-Cambrian cover crystalline rocks. The Big Otter River receives 40.8 percent of the total daily groundwater outflow from fractured-rock aquifers in Bedford County; Goose Creek receives 25.8 percent, the James River receives 18.2 percent, and Smith Mountain and Leesville Lakes receive 15.2 percent. The remaining percentage of outflow is attributed to pumping from the aquifer (consumptive use).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155113","issn":"2328-031X","isbn":"978-1-4113-3965-1","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K.J., White, B.A., Yager, R.M., and Harlow, G.E., Jr., 2015, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured-rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Bedford County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5113, 54 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155113.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039535","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5113/sir20155113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5113"},{"id":308063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5113/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Bedford County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
http://va.water.usgs.gov/
A conceptual framework synthesizes previous studies to provide an understanding of conditions, processes, and relations of saltwater to groundwater withdrawal in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. A strategy for monitoring saltwater movement is based on spatial relations between the saltwater-transition zone and 612 groundwater-production wells that were regulated during 2013 by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. The vertical position and lateral distance and direction of the bottom of each production well’s screened interval was calculated relative to previously published groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Spatial analysis identified 81 production wells completed in the Yorktown-Eastover and Potomac aquifers that are positioned in closest proximity to the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride surface, and from which chloride concentrations are most likely to increase above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 250-milligrams-per-liter secondary maximum-contaminant level. Observation wells are specified to distinguish vertical upconing from lateral intrusion among individual production wells. To monitor upconing, an observation well is to be collocated with each production well and completed at about the altitude of the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride iso-concentration surface. To monitor lateral intrusion, a potential location of an observation well is projected from the bottom of each production well’s screened interval, in the lateral direction to the underlying chloride surface to a distance of 1 mile.
\nMonitoring potential withdrawal-induced movement of saltwater in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system is needed to detect increases in chloride concentration before groundwater-production wells become contaminated. An investigation was undertaken during 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, to provide a sound scientific understanding of saltwater movement and guidance to implement a monitoring program. Previous studies have theorized that the saltwater originated primarily from seawater repeatedly emplaced within aquifer sediments during the past about 65 million years. Subsequent flushing by fresh groundwater has been impeded across sediments filling the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. The resulting saltwater-transition zone has been mapped to exhibit a warped and steeply mounded dome shape about centered on the impact crater, and flanked by a nearly level and shallow plateau shape to the southeast. Groundwater chloride concentrations have historically fluctuated during periods of weeks to months, probably as a result of localized vertical upconing beneath individual production wells. Lateral intrusion takes several decades or more to horizontally displace groundwater across distances of about 1 mile toward production wells. Upconing is relatively immediate, but reversible, whereas lateral intrusion under the regionally landward hydraulic gradient may slowly, but permanently reposition the saltwater-transition zone. Upconing coupled with lateral intrusion is theorized to produce composite chloride-concentration trends that vary widely over time in response to changing water demands, and evolve dynamically from hydraulic interactions among multiple neighboring production wells.
\nSome aspects of observation-well construction and sampling are of particular importance to monitoring saltwater movement in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. Observation wells should feature screened intervals generally of no more than 10 feet that isolate distinct parts of the aquifer, and be thoroughly developed for removal of drilling fluid and introduced water. Presample purging should fully displace stratified saltwater in the well casing upward to the pump. Stable flow should be maintained as field parameters are measured and sample containers are filled with filtered water isolated from the atmosphere and unaffected by surface temperature. Groundwater samples from both upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells should initially be collected four times per year when wells are newly established, but can be more optimally timed with withdrawal once responses in chloride concentrations can be reliably predicted. Concentrations of major ions (1) determine the dominant chemical composition of groundwater at each well, (2) establish the relative position of the well within the saltwater-transition zone, and (3) provide data quality control by calculation of sample charge balance. For these reasons, samples initially collected for the first year from newly established observation wells should be analyzed for calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations and chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, fluoride, and bromide anions. Inflection-point titration for alkalinity should be completed in the field. Analysis of chloride and field parameters may be adequate on a long-term basis once the dominant chemical composition at each well is established. Specific conductance may also provide a surrogate for chloride concentration depending on regulatory policy.
\nThe saltwater-movement monitoring strategy is limited and constrained. Relative monitoring needs among groundwater-production wells, and construction of observation wells, depend on the accuracy of previously mapped groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Production wells in similar proximity to saltwater can differ in aquifer hydraulic conductivity, rates of withdrawal, and screened-interval lengths. Only production wells making withdrawals reported to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality have been accounted for; undocumented production wells can result in spurious changes in groundwater chloride concentration. Upconing observation wells should be as close as possible to corresponding production wells, so long as production wells are not damaged by borehole deviation. Projected locations of some lateral-intrusion observation wells may be precluded and require adjustment. Depths of upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells may also require adjustment to be within the same aquifer as their corresponding production wells. Existing unused wells can be adapted as observation wells if differences from specified locations and construction are kept to a minimum and are accounted for. Where multiple production wells are in proximity, a modified monitoring approach may be needed to determine their net effect on changes in chloride concentration, and may require more than one lateral-intrusion observation well depending on the vertical positions of production-well screened intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, E.R., 2015, A conceptual framework and monitoring strategy for movement of saltwater in the Coastal Plain aquifer system of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5117, 30 p., 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Plate: 24 x 35 inches; Table","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062904","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117"},{"id":307900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_attachment1.xlsx","text":"Attachment 1","size":"114 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-production Wells, Vertical Positions and Lateral Distances and Directions Relative to Chloride Iso-concentration Surfaces, and Projected Locations of Lateral-intrusion Observation Wells"},{"id":307901,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"399 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Locations of Groundwater-Production Wells, Projected Locations of Lateral Intrusion Observation Wells, and the Configuration of the 250-Milligrams-Per-Liter Chloride Iso-Concentration Surface"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
(804) 261-2600
Or visit the Virginia Water Science Center Web site:
http://va.water.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey developed flood elevations in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency for a 30-mile reach of the Deerfield River from the confluence of the Cold River tributary to the Connecticut River in the towns of Charlemont, Buckland, Shelburne, Conway, Deerfield, and Greenfield in Franklin County, Massachusetts to assist land owners, and emergency management workers prepare for and recover from floods. Peak flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using current [2015] stage-discharge relations at two U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the study reach—Deerfield River at Charlemont, MA (01168500) and Deerfield River near West Deerfield, MA (01170000)—and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had between a 1- and 0.2-percent AEP.
\nThe hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the two streamgages. Two sets of flood-inundation map libraries were created from the modeled profiles. The library for the upstream, western portion of the modeled reach is 9.1 miles long, extends from just downstream of the confluence of the Deerfield River with the Cold River to just upstream of the confluence with Clesson Brook, and is calibrated to the Deerfield River at Charlemont, MA streamgage. The library for the downstream, eastern portion of the modeled reach is 8.9 miles long, extends from just downstream of the confluence of the Deerfield River with the South River to just upstream of the confluence with the Green River, and is calibrated to the Deerfield River near West Deerfield streamgage. Stages for mapped profiles of the upstream reach range from 8.7 feet (ft) at the local datum (525.6 ft when converted to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) to 25.7 ft (542.6 ft at NAVD 88) at the Charlemont streamgage, and stages for mapped profiles of the downstream reach range from 8.5 ft (165.2 ft at NAVD 88) to 29.0 ft (185.7 ft at NAVD 88) at the West Deerfield streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from 0.5-ft vertical accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) data to create the two sets of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, combined with information regarding current (near real-time) stage from the two U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the study reach, can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information to aid in flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and with postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P.J., and Bent, G.C., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the Deerfield River, Franklin County, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the Cold River tributary to the Connecticut River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5104, 22 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155104.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; 2 Appendixes; Metadata","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061958","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310302,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_flood-inundation_gis_charlemont.xml","text":"Charlemont flood inundation mapping GIS metadata (xml)","size":"12.3 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5104 - Metadata"},{"id":310303,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_flood-inundation_gis_wdeerfield.xml","text":"West Deerfield flood inundation mapping GIS metadata (xml)","size":"12.4 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5104 - Metadata"},{"id":310304,"rank":8,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_flood-inundation_gis_charlemont.zip","text":"Charlemont flood inundation mapping GIS","size":"27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104 - Spatial Data"},{"id":310305,"rank":9,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_flood-inundation_gis_wdeerfield.zip","text":"West Deerfield flood inundation mapping GIS","size":"85.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104 - Spatial Data"},{"id":310306,"rank":10,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104"},{"id":307531,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_app2metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 Metadata (xml)","size":"12.4 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5104 - Metadata"},{"id":307527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/sir20155104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.66MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104"},{"id":307526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307536,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2","size":"350 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Area of Flood Inundation for the 1- and 0.2-Percent Annual Exceedance Probability Flows Along the Deerfield River Study Reach in Franklin County, Massachusetts"},{"id":307528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5104 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Water-Surface Elevations at Modeled Cross Sections Along the Deerfield River, Franklin County, Massachusetts"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Franklin County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.35870361328125,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -72.3175048828125,\n 42.6895017559477\n ],\n [\n -72.24746704101562,\n 42.67839711889057\n ],\n [\n -72.22824096679688,\n 42.65214190481525\n ],\n [\n -72.22137451171874,\n 42.622844161937174\n ],\n [\n -72.26943969726562,\n 42.60465241823049\n ],\n [\n -72.28179931640625,\n 42.589488572714245\n ],\n [\n -72.2625732421875,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -72.24746704101562,\n 42.527784255084676\n ],\n [\n -72.27630615234375,\n 42.50551526821832\n ],\n [\n -72.30926513671875,\n 42.533856237848504\n ],\n [\n -72.32162475585938,\n 42.47310984904908\n ],\n [\n -72.333984375,\n 42.453861188491175\n ],\n [\n -72.322998046875,\n 42.42244277484678\n ],\n [\n -72.32437133789062,\n 42.3839083919257\n ],\n [\n -72.32025146484375,\n 42.34941019930749\n ],\n [\n -72.34634399414061,\n 42.3179394544685\n ],\n [\n -72.34634399414061,\n 42.33926006673673\n ],\n [\n -72.35458374023438,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -72.38616943359375,\n 42.45791402988027\n ],\n [\n -72.38204956054688,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -72.4822998046875,\n 42.39506551565123\n ],\n [\n -72.50564575195312,\n 42.420415239489934\n ],\n [\n -72.79266357421875,\n 42.382894009614056\n ],\n [\n -72.80502319335938,\n 42.445754718858524\n ],\n [\n -72.94235229492188,\n 42.49133996306382\n ],\n [\n -72.93960571289062,\n 42.55510352893436\n ],\n [\n -73.06182861328125,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -73.10440063476562,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -72.35870361328125,\n 42.72280375732727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the National Assessment for Coastal Change Hazards Project, conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms (Morgan, 2009). On September 1, 2014, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Navarre Beach, Florida, to Breton Island, Louisiana (Figure 1), aboard a Maule MT57 aircraft at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore (Figure 2). This mission was flown to collect baseline data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey, flown July 2013, and the data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.
\nThe photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in 5-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photos and Maps page. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
\nTable 1 provides detailed information about the GPS location, image name, and date of each of the 1,111 photographs taken along with links to each photograph.
\nIn addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds952","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K.L.M., 2015, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Navarre Beach, Florida, to Breton Island, Louisiana, September 1, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 952, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds952.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-09-01","ipdsId":"IP-065592","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0952/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Data Series 952"},{"id":307592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0952/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Lousianna, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Navarre Beach, Breton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.94305419921875,\n 30.484183951487754\n ],\n [\n -86.91558837890625,\n 30.28041626667403\n ],\n [\n -87.31109619140625,\n 30.090484220005344\n ],\n [\n -88.40972900390625,\n 29.776297851831366\n ],\n [\n -88.86016845703125,\n 29.547177213315784\n ],\n [\n -89.09088134765625,\n 29.563901551414443\n ],\n [\n -89.07989501953125,\n 29.702368038541767\n ],\n [\n -89.0936279296875,\n 30.109493896732292\n ],\n [\n -89.132080078125,\n 30.351546261929034\n ],\n [\n -89.04144287109375,\n 30.43683404544223\n ],\n [\n -88.83544921874999,\n 30.510216587229984\n ],\n [\n -87.58575439453125,\n 30.500750980290693\n ],\n [\n -87.03094482421875,\n 30.50311746839939\n ],\n [\n -86.94305419921875,\n 30.484183951487754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
An extensive canal and water management system exists in south Florida to prevent flooding, replenish groundwater, and impede saltwater intrusion. The unconfined Biscayne aquifer, which underlies southeast Florida and provides water for millions of residents, interacts with the canal system. The Biscayne aquifer is composed of a highly transmissive karst limestone; therefore, canal stage and flow may be affected by production well pumping, especially in locations where production wells and canals are in proximity.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey developed a local-scale, transient, numerical groundwater flow model of a well field in Miami-Dade County to (1) quantify relations between well-field pumping and C-2 Canal (herein referred to as the Snapper Creek Canal) leakage, (2) determine primary controls on canal leakage variability, and (3) summarize results that could simplify characterization of canal/well-field interactions in other locations. In addition to the groundwater model development, stable isotope data from water-quality samples were used to characterize the relations between production well pumping and canal leakage. The results from the groundwater model and the isotope data were used to refine the conceptual flow model of the study area.
\nThe groundwater flow model MODFLOW-NWT was used for simulating groundwater flow and quantifying interactions between pumping from the well field and Snapper Creek Canal leakage. Input data for the groundwater model included precipitation, evapotranspiration, pumping, canal stage, and regional groundwater elevation. The inverse modeling tool UCODE and groundwater data from June 2010 to July 2011 were used to calibrate the model. Parameter sensitivity analyses were performed with UCODE. Model sensitivities to geologic heterogeneity, non-laminar flow, and changes in the regional flow boundary were evaluated. The groundwater model generally fits the calibration criteria well within estimated error ranges for groundwater elevations and canal leakage values. The mean average error for heads simulated with the model was 0.19 meter, and head residuals were generally randomly distributed.
\nThe model simulated groundwater flow under ambient conditions without production well pumping to establish background leakage. Groundwater flow also was simulated with production well pumping to estimate induced leakage from the Snapper Creek Canal that occurs in response to pumping.
\nCanal leakage was quantified as a percentage of total canal leakage. The percentage of leakage during pumping increased non-linearly with pumping rate, indicating a decreasing sensitivity of canal leakage to pumping at relatively large pumping magnitudes. The results for Snapper Creek Canal may serve as an upper limit for well-field interaction with surface-water features in Miami-Dade County, given the proximity (about 50 meters) of the pumping wells in this study to the Snapper Creek Canal.
\nThe isotopic compositions of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in groundwater samples were used to distinguish sources for groundwater within the study area and to assess the extent of natural mixing and pumping-induced mixing with water in the Snapper Creek Canal. Water-level data and water-quality samples were collected from monitoring well clusters, production wells, and the Snapper Creek Canal during discrete sampling events under ambient and pumping conditions. Trends in the isotope data generally follow the regional west-to-east hydraulic gradient across the study area. Data collected within the monitoring-well clusters in closest proximity to the canal indicate that groundwater/surface-water interactions are greatest within the shallow flow zone of the aquifer, especially during pumping conditions. The isotopic composition of samples collected within the study area indicates that the shallow, highly transmissive preferential flow zone receives substantial recharge from the canal. The isotope data from the production wells which are open to the deeper flow zone within the aquifer, indicate only traces of mixing with a 2H- and 18O-enriched source, suggesting little canal admixture with waters of the deeper flow zone.
\nResults from the groundwater model and the stable isotope data analysis indicate the importance of considering geologic heterogeneity when investigating the relations between pumping and canal leakage, not only at this site, but also at other sites with similar heterogeneous geology. The model results were consistently sensitive to the hydrogeologic framework and changes in hydraulic conductivities. The model and the isotope data indicate that the majority of the groundwater/surface-water interactions occurred within the shallow flow zone. A relatively lower-permeability geologic layer occurring between the shallowest and deep preferential flow zones lessens the interactions between the production wells and the canal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department","usgsCitation":"Nemec, Katherine, Antolino, Dominick, Turtora, Michael, and Foster, Adam, 2015, Relations between well-field pumping and induced canal leakage in east-central Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2010–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5095, 65 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155095.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 65 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056802","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/sir20155095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5095"},{"id":307066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/sir20155095_table1-6.xlsx","text":"Table 6","size":"69.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5095","linkHelpText":"Summary of water-level and water-quality results for visited sites in Miami-Dade county, October 2008 through April 2011."}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Snapper Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.692430237791747\n ],\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.712074241522732\n ],\n [\n -80.35160064697266,\n 25.712074241522732\n ],\n [\n -80.35160064697266,\n 25.692430237791747\n ],\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.692430237791747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, USGS Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
http://fl.water.usgs.gov
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 12.4-mile reach of Big Creek that extends from 260 feet above the McGinnis Ferry Road bridge to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage at Big Creek below Hog Wallow Creek at Roswell, Georgia (02335757), were developed by the USGS in cooperation with the cities of Alpharetta and Roswell, Georgia. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Big Creek near Alpharetta, Georgia (02335700). Real-time stage information from this USGS streamgage may be obtained at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ and can be used in conjunction with these maps to estimate near real-time areas of inundation. The National Weather Service (NWS) is incorporating results from this study into the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs for many streams where the USGS operates streamgages and provides flow data. The forecasted peak-stage information for the USGS streamgage at Big Creek near Alpharetta (02335700), available through the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed for this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
\nA one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC–RAS software for Big Creek and was used to compute flood profiles for a 12.4-mile reach of Big Creek. The model was calibrated using the most current (2015) stage-discharge relations at two USGS streamgages on Big Creek: Big Creek near Alpharetta (02335700) and Big Creek below Hog Wallow Creek at Roswell (02335757). The hydraulic model was then used to simulate 19 water-surface profiles at 0.5-foot intervals at the Big Creek near Alpharetta streamgage. The profiles ranged from just above bankfull stage (6.0 feet) to approximately 1.95 feet above the highest recorded water level at the Alpharetta streamgage site (15.0 feet). The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model—derived from light detection and ranging data having a 3.0-foot horizontal resolution—to delineate the area flooded at each 0.5-foot interval of stream stage.
\nThe availability of these maps, when combined with real-time stage information from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stage from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, in addition to post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3338","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the cities of Alpharetta, and Roswell, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for Big Creek from the McGinnis Ferry Road bridge to the confluence of Hog Wallow, Alpharetta and Roswell, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3338, 19 sheets, 10-p. pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3338.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; 19 Sheets: 29.0 x 30.0 inches; Metadata; Raw Data","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065512","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306705,"rank":21,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet19.pdf","text":"Sheet19 - Gage height of 15.0 feet and an elevation of 975.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306704,"rank":20,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf//sim3338sheet18.pdf","text":"Sheet18 - Gage height of 14.5 feet and an elevation of 975.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306703,"rank":19,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet17.pdf","text":"Sheet17 - Gage height of 14.0 feet and an elevation of 974.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306702,"rank":18,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet16.pdf","text":"Sheet16 - Gage height of 13.5 feet and an elevation of 974.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306701,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet15.pdf","text":"Sheet15 - Gage height of 13.0 feet and an elevation of 973.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306700,"rank":16,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet14.pdf","text":"Sheet14 - Gage height of 12.5 feet and an elevation of 973.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306699,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet13.pdf","text":"Sheet13 - Gage height of 12.0 feet and an elevation of 972.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306698,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf//sim3338sheet12.pdf","text":"Sheet12 - Gage height of 11.5 feet and an elevation of 972.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306696,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet10 - Gage height of 10.5 feet and an elevation of 971.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306687,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet03.pdf","text":"Sheet03 - Gage height of 7.0 feet and an elevation of 967.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306695,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet09.pdf","text":"Sheet09 - Gage height of 10.0 feet and an elevation of 970.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306686,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet02.pdf","text":"Sheet02 - Gage height of 6.5 feet and an elevation of 967.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306688,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet04.pdf","text":"Sheet04 - Gage height of 7.5 feet and an elevation of 968.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306697,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf//sim3338sheet11.pdf","text":"Sheet11 - Gage height of 11.0 feet and an elevation of 971.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306689,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet05.pdf","text":"Sheet05 - Gage height of 8.0 feet and an elevation of 968.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306737,"rank":22,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/downloads/sim3338_data.zip","text":"SIM 3338 - Depth-grids and Inundation Layers","size":"133 MB","description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306739,"rank":23,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/downloads/sim3338_depth_metadata.html","text":"SIM 3338 - Depth-grid Metadata","size":"62 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306740,"rank":24,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/downloads/sim3338_inundation_layer_metadata.html","text":"SIM 3338 - Inundation Layer Metadata","size":"71 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report - SIM 3338 Pamphlet","size":"1.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306692,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet07.pdf","text":"Sheet07 - Gage height of 9.0 feet and an elevation of 969.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306693,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet08.pdf","text":"Sheet08 - Gage height of 9.5 feet and an elevation of 970.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306691,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet06.pdf","text":"Sheet06 - Gage height of 8.5 feet and an elevation of 969.1 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"},{"id":306640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3338/pdf/sim3338sheet01.pdf","text":"Sheet01 - Gage height of 6.0 feet and an elevation of 966.6 feet at streamgage 02335700","size":"18.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3338"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Alpharetta, Roswell","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek, Hog Wallow Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.37259674072266,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -84.37259674072266,\n 34.097590747029784\n ],\n [\n -84.2105484008789,\n 34.097590747029784\n ],\n [\n -84.2105484008789,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -84.37259674072266,\n 34.00599664251842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
In response to challenges to groundwater availability posed by historic land-use practices, expanding development of hydrocarbon resources, and drought, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program began a regional assessment of the Appalachian Plateaus aquifers in 2013 that incorporated a hydrologic landscape approach to estimate all components of the hydrologic system: surface runoff, base flow from groundwater, and interaction with atmospheric water (precipitation and evapotranspiration). This assessment was intended to complement other Federal and State investigations and provide foundational groundwater-related datasets in the Appalachian Plateaus.
\nA regional Soil-Water-Balance model was constructed for a 160,000-square-mile study area that extended to the topographic divide of all streams originating outside but flowing into areas underlain by Appalachian Plateaus aquifers. The model incorporated soil, landscape, and climate variables to estimate an annual water budget for the 32-year period from 1980 to 2011 and was calibrated using base-flow data estimated by hydrograph separation techniques from 20 streamflow gaging stations across the study area. Over this period, an average of 47 inches per year (in/yr) of precipitation fell on Appalachian Plateaus aquifers. Simulations from the regional Soil-Water-Balance model indicate that only 19 percent of the precipitation or an average 9 in/yr recharged aquifers, and 19 percent resulted in surface runoff to streams. The remaining 62 percent, an average of 27 in/yr of water, was returned to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration. Because withdrawals from aquifers due to pumping equated to less than 1 percent of the water budget, differences in predevelopment and postdevelopment regional water budgets of the Appalachian Plateaus were minimal. Storage changes caused by filling of abandoned coal-mine aquifers and long-term differences in aquifer storage resulting from climate fluctuations constitute a small portion of the overall water budget.
\nThe percentage of precipitation that results in recharge, runoff, or evapotranspiration from the landscape varies annually by up to a factor of two depending on temporal changes in prevailing climate conditions and spatial changes in basin characteristics, precipitation patterns, and sources of atmospheric moisture over a large study area. A comparison of water-budget estimates from the regional Soil-Water-Balance model for a dry year (1988) and wet year (2004) showed that evapotranspiration accounts for most of the annual differences in precipitation. As a portion of annual precipitation, evapotranspiration ranged from 69 percent (dry year) to 52 percent (wet year), a range four times greater than the 15 percent (dry year) to 18 percent (wet year) range estimated for recharge. Evapotranspiration as a percentage of precipitation peaks during dry periods, whereas base flow and runoff tend to reach minimum values. During wet periods, this relationship is reversed and base flow and runoff as a percentage of precipitation generally peak while evapotranspiration percentages reach minimum values. Annual recharge in the Appalachian Plateaus reaches a maximum at near 20 percent of annual precipitation, regardless of the severity of wet conditions.
\nHydrograph separation data from 849 streamflow gaging stations in the study area were used to assess trends in streamflow, base flow, surface runoff, and base-flow index, or ratio of base flow to streamflow, in the Appalachian Plateaus for the period from 1930 to 2011. Annual data anomalies for each of the four variables were individually defined as the annual standard deviation from the mean at all 849 streamflow gaging stations. Annual data anomalies confirm the close relation of annual precipitation to both base flow and runoff components of streamflow, and both components increased during the period of analysis. Around 1970, conditions shifted streamflow from values generally below to above long-term means. At a regional scale, increases in base flow account for most of these observed increases in mean annual streamflow. The independence of the base-flow index to annual climate trends indicate that changes in the components of streamflow of the Appalachian Plateaus are probably in response to shifts in seasonal precipitation or widespread land-use practices.
\nA subset of 77 index streamgages, defined as having 60 or more years of complete record between the years 1930 and 2011 with no more than 20 percent missing data, was selected to show spatial patterns of change in the water budget. Data from the index streamgages showed that the overall trends in base flow are dependent upon the period of evaluation. Long-term (1930–2011) increases in base flow were observed throughout the study area. For two shorter periods (1930–1969 and 1970–2011) trends in base flow were largely negative. In general, spatial patterns of change in streamflow, base flow, and runoff were mixed but generally consistent with prevailing climate patterns and land-use changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155106","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K.J., Yager, R.M., Nelms, D.L., Ladd, D.E., Monti, Jack, Jr., and Kozar, M.D., 2015, Hydrologic budget and conditions of Permian, Pennsylvanian, and Mississippian aquifers in the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province (ver. 1.1, October 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5106, 77 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155106.","productDescription":"vii, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060623","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5106/sir20155106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5106"},{"id":306581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5106/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309929,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5106/versionHist.txt","text":"October 26, 2015","size":"1.06 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5106"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennslyvania, Virginia, Tennessee, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mississippian aquifer, Pennsylvanian aquifer, Permian aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 34.97600151317591\n ],\n [\n -88.22021484375,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -78.5302734375,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 13, 2015; Version 1.1: October 26, 2015","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
http://va.water.usgs.gov
The North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) has been actively collecting data and studying groundwater resources because of concerns about the future availability of the highly inter-connected surface-water and groundwater resources. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, describes a groundwater-flow model of the North Platte River valley from Bridgeport, Nebraska, extending west to 6 miles into Wyoming. The model was built to improve the understanding of the interaction of surface-water and groundwater resources, and as an optimization tool, the model is able to analyze the effects of water-management options on the simulated stream base flow of the North Platte River. The groundwater system and related sources and sinks of water were simulated using a newton formulation of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model, referred to as MODFLOW–NWT, which provided an improved ability to solve nonlinear unconfined aquifer simulations with wetting and drying of cells. Using previously published aquifer-base-altitude contours in conjunction with newer test-hole and geophysical data, a new base-of-aquifer altitude map was generated because of the strong effect of the aquifer-base topography on groundwater-flow direction and magnitude. The largest inflow to groundwater is recharge originating from water leaking from canals, which is much larger than recharge originating from infiltration of precipitation. The largest component of groundwater discharge from the study area is to the North Platte River and its tributaries, with smaller amounts of discharge to evapotranspiration and groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated with a daily soil-water-balance model. Annual recharge from canal seepage was estimated using available records from the Bureau of Reclamation and then modified with canal-seepage potentials estimated using geophysical data. Groundwater withdrawals were estimated using land-cover data, precipitation data, and published crop water-use data. For fields irrigated with surface water and groundwater, surface-water deliveries were subtracted from the estimated net irrigation requirement, and groundwater withdrawal was assumed to be equal to any demand unmet by surface water.
\nThe groundwater-flow model was calibrated to measured groundwater levels and stream base flows estimated using the base-flow index method. The model was calibrated through automated adjustments using statistical techniques through parameter estimation using the parameter estimation suite of software (PEST). PEST was used to adjust 273 parameters, grouped as hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, spatial multipliers to recharge, temporal multipliers to recharge, and two specific recharge parameters. Base flow of the North Platte River at Bridgeport, Nebraska, streamgage near the eastern, downstream end of the model was one of the primary calibration targets. Simulated base flow reasonably matched estimated base flow for this streamgage during 1950–2008, with an average difference of 15 percent. Overall, 1950–2008 simulated base flow followed the trend of the estimated base flow reasonably well, in cases with generally increasing or decreasing base flow from the start of the simulation to the end. Simulated base flow also matched estimated base flow reasonably well for most of the North Platte River tributaries with estimated base flow. Average simulated groundwater budgets during 1989–2008 were nearly three times larger for irrigation seasons than for non-irrigation seasons.
\nThe calibrated groundwater-flow model was used with the Groundwater-Management Process for the 2005 version of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model, MODFLOW–2005, to provide a tool for the NPNRD to better understand how water-management decisions could affect stream base flows of the North Platte River at Bridgeport, Nebr., streamgage in a future period from 2008 to 2019 under varying climatic conditions. The simulation-optimization model was constructed to analyze the maximum increase in simulated stream base flow that could be obtained with the minimum amount of reductions in groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. A second analysis extended the first to analyze the simulated base-flow benefit of groundwater withdrawals along with application of intentional recharge, that is, water from canals being released into rangeland areas with sandy soils. With optimized groundwater withdrawals and intentional recharge, the maximum simulated stream base flow was 15–23 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) greater than with no management at all, or 10–15 ft3/s larger than with managed groundwater withdrawals only. These results indicate not only the amount that simulated stream base flow can be increased by these management options, but also the locations where the management options provide the most or least benefit to the simulated stream base flow. For the analyses in this report, simulated base flow was best optimized by reductions in groundwater withdrawals north of the North Platte River and in the western half of the area. Intentional recharge sites selected by the optimization had a complex distribution but were more likely to be closer to the North Platte River or its tributaries. Future users of the simulation-optimization model will be able to modify the input files as to type, location, and timing of constraints, decision variables of groundwater withdrawals by zone, and other variables to explore other feasible management scenarios that may yield different increases in simulated future base flow of the North Platte River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M, Flynn, A.T., Vrabel, Joseph, and Ryter, D.W., 2015, Simulation of groundwater flow and analysis of the effects of water-management options in the North Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5093, 67 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155093.","productDescription":"ix, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055438","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5093/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5093/sir20155093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5093"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"North Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.12155151367188,\n 41.812778921301515\n ],\n [\n -104.12155151367188,\n 42.09210825254959\n ],\n [\n -104.10095214843749,\n 42.097203425683055\n ],\n [\n -104.0789794921875,\n 42.09312731992276\n ],\n [\n -104.05838012695312,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -104.04876708984375,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.15016895950386\n ],\n [\n -104.04876708984375,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -104.03640747070312,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -104.01580810546875,\n 42.134894984239224\n ],\n [\n -103.99108886718749,\n 42.11248648904184\n ],\n [\n -104.00344848632812,\n 42.101279269468726\n ],\n [\n -103.98971557617188,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -103.98696899414062,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -103.9691162109375,\n 42.07580094787543\n ],\n [\n -103.95263671874999,\n 42.080897430832124\n ],\n [\n -103.94577026367188,\n 42.07376224008719\n ],\n [\n -103.95950317382811,\n 42.06050904321049\n ],\n [\n -103.93615722656249,\n 42.05235185455305\n ],\n [\n -103.83865356445312,\n 42.0227732629691\n ],\n [\n -103.83590698242186,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -103.831787109375,\n 42.071723466810774\n ],\n [\n -103.809814453125,\n 42.06968462804663\n ],\n [\n -103.78509521484375,\n 42.05133213230169\n ],\n [\n -103.78097534179686,\n 42.062548176663405\n ],\n [\n -103.76861572265625,\n 42.06050904321049\n ],\n [\n -103.75213623046875,\n 42.05643057984999\n ],\n [\n -103.7384033203125,\n 42.04827286732349\n ],\n [\n -103.6834716796875,\n 42.02583375568839\n ],\n [\n -103.69583129882812,\n 42.002366213375524\n ],\n [\n -103.67111206054686,\n 41.99011884096809\n ],\n [\n -103.65188598632812,\n 41.99011884096809\n ],\n [\n -103.64227294921875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -103.62167358398438,\n 42.00338672135348\n ],\n [\n -103.60107421874999,\n 41.9942015603157\n ],\n [\n -103.58047485351562,\n 41.9829734519797\n ],\n [\n -103.55987548828125,\n 41.9625536359481\n ],\n [\n -103.54476928710938,\n 41.96663812286332\n ],\n [\n -103.53103637695311,\n 41.97480631113838\n ],\n [\n -103.5186767578125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -103.50357055664062,\n 41.95336258301847\n ],\n [\n -103.46511840820312,\n 41.95029860413911\n ],\n [\n -103.45138549804688,\n 41.937019660425264\n ],\n [\n -103.42117309570312,\n 41.933954896061614\n ],\n [\n -103.392333984375,\n 41.91045347666418\n ],\n [\n -103.348388671875,\n 41.880808915193874\n ],\n [\n -103.30856323242188,\n 41.87262868373216\n ],\n [\n -103.260498046875,\n 41.84501267270692\n ],\n [\n -103.23577880859375,\n 41.84705871212191\n ],\n [\n -103.21929931640624,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -103.19320678710938,\n 41.84910468610387\n ],\n [\n -103.16986083984375,\n 41.82761869589464\n ],\n [\n -103.15750122070311,\n 41.790768787851285\n ],\n [\n -103.13140869140625,\n 41.789744876718984\n ],\n [\n -103.11080932617186,\n 41.77028745790557\n ],\n [\n -103.10394287109375,\n 41.74979958661997\n ],\n [\n -103.0682373046875,\n 41.76516610331408\n ],\n [\n -103.03390502929688,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -103.03939819335938,\n 41.70367796221136\n ],\n [\n -103.00369262695312,\n 41.712904935827744\n ],\n [\n -102.97073364257812,\n 41.69650051162981\n ],\n [\n -102.97622680664062,\n 41.66367910784373\n ],\n [\n -102.98171997070312,\n 41.64623592868676\n ],\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 41.624681950391334\n ],\n [\n -103.0462646484375,\n 41.6010669423553\n ],\n [\n -103.1121826171875,\n 41.63494664852403\n ],\n [\n -103.14788818359375,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -103.19869995117188,\n 41.66573093599398\n ],\n [\n -103.28384399414062,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -103.3538818359375,\n 41.70675376722692\n ],\n [\n -103.4088134765625,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -103.4637451171875,\n 41.73033005046653\n ],\n [\n -103.524169921875,\n 41.725205507257044\n ],\n [\n -103.57086181640625,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -103.61618041992188,\n 41.74365194975239\n ],\n [\n -103.69720458984375,\n 41.725205507257044\n ],\n [\n -103.76312255859375,\n 41.7631174470059\n ],\n [\n -103.81256103515625,\n 41.80510182643331\n ],\n [\n -103.79608154296874,\n 41.81431422987251\n ],\n [\n -103.8262939453125,\n 41.85421933478601\n ],\n [\n -103.875732421875,\n 41.85421933478601\n ],\n [\n -103.92654418945312,\n 41.843989628462204\n ],\n [\n -103.96636962890625,\n 41.80714914168836\n ],\n [\n -103.98284912109374,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -103.99246215820312,\n 41.80817277478235\n ],\n [\n -104.04464721679688,\n 41.801006999656636\n ],\n [\n -104.08172607421875,\n 41.81738473661009\n ],\n [\n -104.12155151367188,\n 41.812778921301515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, Nebraska 68512
http://ne.water.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bodega Head map area is located in northern California, about 70 km north of San Francisco and about 80 km south of Point Arena. The onshore part of the map area is largely undeveloped, used primarily for recreation, farms and ranches, and a few wineries. The small town of Bodega Bay, located on the east side of Bodega Harbor, is the largest cultural center. Bodega Harbor is an important commercial fishing base and, in season, an active sport fishing and recreation harbor. Much of the coastline from Bodega Head north to about 6 km north of the Russian River is part of Sonoma Coast State Park. The Offshore of Bodega Head map area includes two California Marine Protected Areas, the Bodega Head State Marine Reserve and the northern part of the Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area. Additionally, the inland parts of two large estuaries in the map area, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, have been designated as State Marine Recreational Management Areas.
\nThe map area is cut by the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, the right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. This fault juxtaposes rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex on the northeast with Cretaceous granitic rocks on the southwest, and it has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 25 mm/yr in this area. The devastating great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault offshore of San Francisco, about 80 km south of Bodega Head, with the rupture extending northward through the Offshore of Bodega Head map area and an additional 220 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nNorth of the mouth of Salmon Creek, the coast and shoreline are rugged and scenic, characterized by flights of uplifted marine terraces, rocky promontories, nearshore sea stacks, kelp-rich coves, and both pocket beaches and longer beach strands, the latter of which include Wrights Beach and Portuguese Beach. The coast has lower relief between the mouth of Salmon Creek and Mussel Point, where South Salmon Creek Beach is backed by a large (about 4 km2) complex of coastal sand dunes. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived by southward littoral drift from the Russian River, Salmon Creek, and smaller coastal watersheds. The sediment is trapped by protruding bedrock at Mussel Point, which represents the south end of the Russian River littoral cell.
\nBodega Head is underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks, and its shoreline is variously characterized by relatively low-lying terraces, steep and high bluffs, and a few pocket beaches. East of Bodega Head, Doran Beach (part of Doran Regional Park) is a 1.7-km-long sand spit that forms the north boundary of Bodega Bay and the south boundary of Bodega Harbor. The coast south of Doran Beach on the east flank of Bodega Bay is composed of rocky bluffs, hummocky marine terraces, and a few small pocket beaches. The bluffs are underlain by sheared rocks of the Franciscan Complex and are highly susceptible to landslides. This section of coast includes two prominent watersheds, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, which drain westward into Bodega Bay.
\nThe offshore part of the Offshore of Bodega Head map area is characterized by an extensive, rugged and rocky shelf underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks. This rocky terrain, centered offshore of Bodega Head, extends northwestward for about 15 km, from the south edge of the map area (where it forms the west boundary of Bodega Bay) to the northern-central part of the map area offshore of the mouth of Salmon Creek. This rocky seafloor reaches water depths of 40 to 80 m and is overlain by young sediment.
\nCirculation over the shelf and seafloor in the map area (and in the broader central California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern boundary current of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. Persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent during the fall and winter, causing the California Current to move farther offshore so that the shelf is affected by the Davidson Current, a weaker northward-flowing countercurrent. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf is commonly southeastward during the spring and summer and northwestward during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the northern California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes: the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March). During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, whereas local wind waves are most common from October to April.
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Bodega Head map area include unconsolidated continental-shelf sediments, mixed continental-shelf substrate, and hard continental-shelf substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Bodega Head, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1140, pamphlet 39 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151140.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; 10 Plates: 46.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055943","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399007,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102290.htm"},{"id":306403,"rank":19,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306402,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1114","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1114","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Point Reyes and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306401,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1098","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1098","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Salt Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":306400,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1088","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1088","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Tomales Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":306399,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306416,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":306398,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":306397,"rank":12,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBodegaHead/data_catalog_OffshoreBodegaHead.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Bodega Head, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog (Data Series 781). Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306396,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":306395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":306394,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306388,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1140 Pamphlet"},{"id":306393,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, and Erik N . Lowe"},{"id":306392,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":306391,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306390,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bodega Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
Annual peak-flow frequency data from 231 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in North Dakota and parts of Montana, South Dakota, and Minnesota, with 10 or more years of unregulated peak-flow record, were used to develop regional regression equations for exceedance probabilities of 0.5, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002 using generalized least-squares techniques. Updated peak-flow frequency estimates for 262 streamflow-gaging stations were developed using data through 2009 and log-Pearson Type III procedures outlined by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. An average generalized skew coefficient was determined for three hydrologic zones in North Dakota. A StreamStats web application was developed to estimate basin characteristics for the regional regression equation analysis. Methods for estimating a weighted peak-flow frequency for gaged sites and ungaged sites are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commision, the North Dakota Department of Transportation, the North Dakota Department of Health, the Red River Joint Water Resources Board, and the Devils Lake Basin Joint Water Resource Board","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, Tara, 2015, Regional regression equations to estimate peak-flow frequency at sites in North Dakota using data through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5096, 12 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155096.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 4 Tables","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057778","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/sir20155096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5096"},{"id":306456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/downloads","text":"Tables 1 and 4","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5096 Tables 1 and 4"},{"id":306454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, North Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, North Dakota 58503
http://nd.water.usgs.gov/
Stream-channel cross-section survey data are a fundamental component to studies of fluvial geomorphology. Such data provide important parameters required by many open-channel flow models, sediment-transport equations, sediment-budget computations, and flood-hazard assessments. At Mount St. Helens, Washington, the long-term response of channels to the May 18, 1980, eruption, which dramatically altered the hydrogeomorphic regime of several drainages, is documented by an exceptional time series of repeat stream-channel cross-section surveys. More than 300 cross sections, most established shortly following the eruption, represent more than 100 kilometers of surveyed topography. Although selected cross sections have been published previously in print form, we present a comprehensive digital database that includes geospatial and tabular data. Furthermore, survey data are referenced to a common geographic projection and to common datums. Database design, maintenance, and data dissemination are accomplished through a geographic information system (GIS) platform, which integrates survey data acquired with theodolite, total station, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) instrumentation. Users can interactively perform advanced queries and geospatial time-series analysis. An accuracy assessment provides users the ability to quantify uncertainty within these data. At the time of publication, this project is ongoing. Regular database updates are expected; users are advised to confirm they are using the latest version.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds951","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Major, J.J., Saunders, D.R., Christianson, T.S., and Kingsbury, C.G., 2015, Digital database of channel cross-section surveys, Mount St. Helens, Washington (ver. 1.1, April 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 951, 9 p. and supplemental data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds951.","productDescription":"Report: v, 9 p.; Metadata; ReadMe; Spatial Data; Version History","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058438","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306477,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/ds951.zip","text":"Digital cross-section data","size":"9.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Data include geospatial and tabular files (_.shp, _.lyr, _.xls, _.jpg) as well as an ArcGIS Published Map file (_.pmf)"},{"id":306475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/1_readme.txt","text":"README","size":"4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"README file"},{"id":306474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/ds951v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 951 Version 1.1"},{"id":353588,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/versionHist.txt","description":"Version History"},{"id":306476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/fgdc_metadata.txt","text":"FGDC Metadata","size":"14 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FGDC compliant metadata file for the ESRI shapefiles"},{"id":306473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 46.069419674968536\n ],\n [\n -121.91390991210938,\n 46.144637225509136\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 46.1893382140708\n ],\n [\n -121.90841674804686,\n 46.2397021362749\n ],\n [\n -121.95785522460936,\n 46.28432584258847\n ],\n [\n -122.05123901367186,\n 46.32891323009468\n ],\n [\n -122.08831787109375,\n 46.391464001559086\n ],\n [\n -122.14187622070311,\n 46.39904104733026\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 46.45394316729876\n ],\n [\n -122.26821899414061,\n 46.45772748219606\n ],\n [\n -122.35610961914062,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 46.49650154751426\n ],\n [\n -122.44537353515625,\n 46.524855311033434\n ],\n [\n -122.50991821289062,\n 46.53619267489863\n ],\n [\n -122.53463745117186,\n 46.52013071095869\n ],\n [\n -122.56484985351561,\n 46.497446911273606\n ],\n [\n -122.59780883789061,\n 46.494610770689384\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 46.48704700597017\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 46.47191632087041\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 46.428392162921234\n ],\n [\n -122.89581298828125,\n 46.41892578708076\n ],\n [\n -123.0084228515625,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -123.05511474609375,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -123.0743408203125,\n 46.322274857040235\n ],\n [\n -123.04962158203124,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -122.96722412109374,\n 46.22735299655779\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 46.231153027822046\n ],\n [\n -122.76397705078124,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -122.55249023437501,\n 46.115133713265415\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 46.117037642576875\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 46.08085173686787\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 46.069419674968536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally released August 6, 2015; Version 1.1: April 18, 2018","contact":"Contact CVO
Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Ste 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific Coast of Marin County about 10 kilometers north of the Golden Gate. The town of Bolinas, named after a local indigenous tribe, is the largest population center along this section of coast, with a population of approximately 1,600 people. Bolinas is situated at the end of a southeast-trending terrain on the west side of the San Andreas Fault that also protects a natural harbor. The harbor lies in Bolinas Lagoon, which is separated from Bolinas Bay by a spit. The coastal lands within the Offshore of Bolinas map area lie entirely within the Point Reyes National Seashore, which limits development and allows existing ranching and farming to continue.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area lies offshore of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges, which lie east of, and are roughly parallel to, the San Andreas Fault Zone. The western margin of North America is the only continental margin in the world delineated largely by transform faults such as the San Andreas Fault. The coastal geomorphology is controlled by late Pleistocene to Holocene slip along the fault. Bolinas Bay and Lagoon have formed where a regional depression along the fault zone intersects the coast. A northward bend in the San Andreas Fault to the north, combined with right-lateral movement, has caused regional extension and the formation of a sediment basin on the continental shelf in, and southeast of, Bolinas Bay.
\nWith the exception of the area adjacent to Bolinas Bay, the coast in the map area consists of high coastal bluffs and vertical sea cliffs. The uplifted headland upon which the town of Bolinas is situated is part of a larger uplifted area that includes exposed bedrock offshore. Uplift in this map area has resulted in relatively shallow depths within California’s State Waters (0 to 40 m) and, thus, little accommodation space for sediment accumulation. Sediment is found in the extensional basin southeast of Bolinas, as well as on the shelf offshore of uplifted coastal areas, where, within California’s State Waters, depths can exceed 40 m. Wave energy keeps the uplifted bedrock areas clear of sediment, and rippled sediment in the outer shelf indicates some mobility.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the Offshore of Bolinas map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from ephemeral streams and local coastal erosion. Beyond California’s State Waters, canyons that incise the slope have been disconnected from coastal streams by rising sea level, which has risen about 125 m since the lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the map area, no major submarine canyons extend up past the shelf break and into the nearshore to receive littoral drift. The coastline in the map area is characterized as high risk because of its steep cliffs and large-scale landsliding. The sand spit that separates Bolinas Lagoon from Bolinas Bay is highly developed, and its homes are at risk during storms, especially those from the south.
\nThe benthic species observed in the Offshore of Bolinas map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone named either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 425 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off central California has seen a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Bolinas map area, which lies within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from, in the nearshore, sandy seafloor in the southeast and significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities in the northwest to, in deeper water, rocky-reef communities. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock in the northeast supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of greenling and rockfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151135","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Manson, M.W., Sliter, R.W., Endris, C.A., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., Kvitek, R.G., Phillips, E.L., Bruns, T.R., and Chin, J.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Bolinas, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1135, pamphlet 36 p., 10 sheets, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151135.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 46 inches x 36 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052392","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399008,"rank":21,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102261.htm"},{"id":306377,"rank":19,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306376,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1068","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1068","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Francisco, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306375,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California, by Brian D. Edwards and others."},{"id":306371,"rank":12,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBolinas/data_catalog_OffshoreBolinas.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Bolinas, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306366,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":306364,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":306363,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306362,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306361,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306369,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bolinas Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Bolinas to Pescadero) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Ray W. Sliter, Janet T. Watt, Eleyne L. Phillips, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306367,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":306368,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Terry R. Bruns, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306365,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306378,"rank":20,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306372,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Metadata"},{"id":306370,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, H. Gary Greene, Michael W. Manson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Charles A. Endris, and Janet T. Watt"},{"id":306374,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306373,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1135 Pamphlet"},{"id":306415,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Bolinas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
Accurate information on the timing of earliest marine incursion into the Gulf of California (northwestern México) is critical for paleogeographic models and for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of strain accommodation across the obliquely divergent Pacific-North America plate boundary. Marine strata exposed on southwest Isla Tiburón (SWIT) have been cited as evidence for a middle Miocene marine incursion into the Gulf of California at least 7 m.y. prior to plate boundary localization ca. 6 Ma. A middle Miocene interpretation for SWIT marine deposits has played a large role in subsequent interpretations of regional tectonics and rift evolution, the ages of marine basins containing similar fossil assemblages along ~1300 km of the plate boundary, and the timing of marine incursion into the Gulf of California. We report new detailed geologic mapping and geochronologic data from the SWIT basin, an elongate sedimentary basin associated with deformation along the dextral-oblique La Cruz fault. We integrate these results with previously published biostratigraphic and geochronologic data to bracket the age of marine deposits in the SWIT basin and show that they have a total maximum thickness of ~300 m. The 6.44 ± 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) tuff of Hast Pitzcal is an ash-flow tuff stratigraphically below the oldest marine strata, and the 6.01 ± 0.20 Ma (U/Pb) tuff of Oyster Amphitheater, also an ash-flow tuff, is interbedded with marine conglomerate near the base of the marine section. A dike-fed rhyodacite lava flow that caps all marine strata yields ages of 3.51 ± 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) and 4.13 ± 0.09 Ma (U/Pb) from the base of the flow, consistent with previously reported ages of 4.16 ± 1.81 Ma (K-Ar) from the flow top and (K-Ar) 3.7 ± 0.9 Ma from the feeder dike. Our new results confirm a latest Miocene to early Pliocene age for the SWIT marine basin, consistent with previously documented latest Miocene to early Pliocene (ca. 6.2-4.3 Ma) planktonic and benthic foraminifera from this section. Results from biostratigraphy and geochronology thus constrain earliest marine deposition on SWIT to ca. 6.2 ± 0.2 Ma, coincident with a regional-scale latest Miocene marine incursion into the northern proto-Gulf of California. This regional marine incursion flooded the northernmost, >500-km-long portion of the Gulf of California shear zone, a narrow belt of localized strike-slip faulting, clockwise block rotation, and subsiding pull-apart basins. Oblique Pacific-North America relative plate motion gradually localized in the >1000-km-long Gulf of California shear zone ca. 9-6 Ma, subsequently permitting the punctuated south to north flooding of the incipient Gulf of California seaway.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01153.1","usgsCitation":"Bennett, S.E., Oskin, M., Dorsey, R., Iriondo, A., and Kunk, M.J., 2015, Stratigraphy and structural development of the southwest Isla Tiburón marine basin: Implications for latest Miocene tectonic opening and flooding of the northern Gulf of California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, p. 977-1007, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01153.1.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1007","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064931","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01153.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.51025390625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 32.30570601389429\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 23.0999442125314\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 21.881889807629282\n ],\n [\n -115.51025390625,\n 31.653381399664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15833e4b0dacf699eb981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Scott E.K. 0000-0002-9772-4122 sekbennett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-4122","contributorId":5340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Scott","email":"sekbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oskin, Michael","contributorId":140301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155929,"text":"ds946 - 2015 - Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Owls Head, Maine, to the Virginia/North Carolina border, May 19-22, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T10:23:33","indexId":"ds946","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"946","title":"Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Owls Head, Maine, to the Virginia/North Carolina border, May 19-22, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On May 19-22, 2009, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Owls Head, Maine, to the Virginia/North Carolina border aboard a Cessna 207A at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore. This mission was flown to collect baseline data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey, and the data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.
\nThe images provided in this report are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images. These photographs document the state of the coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in 5-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photos and Maps page. The photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
\nTable 1 provides detailed information about the GPS location, name, date, and time for each of the 12,726 photographs taken along with links to each photograph. In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds946","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K., Hapke, C.J., and Himmelstoss, E., 2015, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Owls Head, Maine, to the Virginia/North Carolina border, May 19-22, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 946, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds946.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-05-19","ipdsId":"IP-065702","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds946.jpg"},{"id":306304,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0946/"},{"id":306302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0946/ds946_title.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Deleware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hamsphire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia","city":"Owls Head","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.0545654296875,\n 44.11569084597718\n ],\n [\n -69.00993347167969,\n 44.070320449046\n ],\n [\n -69.08546447753906,\n 44.019484033157234\n ],\n [\n -69.18228149414062,\n 43.9429004110983\n ],\n [\n -69.25025939941406,\n 43.90036624335341\n ],\n [\n -69.98291015625,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -70.46630859375,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -71.38916015625,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -72.02636718749999,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -72.99316406249999,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -76.44287109375,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -72.88330078125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -71.65283203125,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -70.90576171875,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -70.29052734375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -69.169921875,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -69.0545654296875,\n 44.11569084597718\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612aade4b04f417c2ce46e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572 kmorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":140446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","email":"kmorgan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":566941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A. ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","email":"ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}