{"pageNumber":"43","pageRowStart":"1050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1769,"records":[{"id":70023561,"text":"70023561 - 2001 - Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023561","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia","docAbstract":"The Antaramut-Kurta-Dzoragukh (AKD) coal deposit is a previously unrecognized coal field in north-central Armenia. Coal has been known to exist in the general vicinity since the turn of the century, but coal was thought to be restricted to a small (1 km2) area only near the village of Antaramut. However, through detailed field work and exploratory drilling, this coal deposit has been expanded to at least 20 km2, and thus renamed the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, for the three villages that the coal field encompasses. The entire coal-bearing horizon, a series of tuffaceous sandstones, siltstones, and claystones, is approximately 50 m thick. The AKD coal field contains two coal beds, each greater than 1 m thick, and numerous small rider beds, with a total resource of approximately 31,000,000 metric tonnes. The coals are late Eocene in age, high volatile bituminous in rank, relatively high in ash yield (approximately 40%, as-determined basis) and moderate in sulfur content (approximately 3%, as-determined basis). The two coal beds (No. 1 and No. 2), on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis, have high calorific values of 32.6 MJ/kg (7796 cal/g) and 36.0 MJ/kg (8599 cal/g), respectively. Coal is one of the few indigenous fossil fuel resources occurring in Armenia and thus, the AKD coal field could potentially provide fuel for heating and possibly energy generation in the Armenian energy budget. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00039-2","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Pierce, B., Martirosyan, A., Malkhasian, G., Harutunian, S., and Harutunian, G., 2001, Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 45, no. 4, p. 267-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00039-2.","startPage":"267","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00039-2"},{"id":232177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a272fe4b0c8380cd59672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martirosyan, A.","contributorId":18139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martirosyan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malkhasian, G.","contributorId":21727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malkhasian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harutunian, S.","contributorId":81665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harutunian","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harutunian, G.","contributorId":64842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harutunian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023648,"text":"70023648 - 2001 - Sediment quality in Burlington Harbor, Lake Champlain, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023648","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment quality in Burlington Harbor, Lake Champlain, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Surface samples and cores were collected in 1993 from the Burlington Harbor region of Lake Champlain. Sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals (cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver and zinc), simultaneously extracted metal/acid volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS), grain size, nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)). The concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver and zinc from the partial sediment digestion of the surface samples correlated well with each other (r2 > 0.60) indicating that either a common process, or group of processes determined the sediment concentrations of these metals. In an analysis of the spatial distribution of the trace metals and PAHs, high surficial concentrations were present in the southern portion of the Harbor. The trace metal trend was strengthened when the concentrations were normalized by grain size. A sewage treatment plant outfall discharge was present in the southeastern portion of the Harbor at the time of this study and is the major source of trace metal and PAH contamination. Evaluation of sediment cores provides a proxy record of historical trace metal and organic inputs. The peak accumulation rate for copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc was in the late 1960s and the peak silver accumulation rate was later. The greatest accumulation of trace metals occurred in the late 1960s after discharges from the STP began. Subsequent declines in trace metal concentrations may be attributed to increased water and air regulations. The potential toxicity of trace metals and organic contaminants was predicted by comparing contaminant concentrations to benchmark concentrations and potential trace metal bioavailability was predicted with SEM-AVS results. Surface sample results indicate lead, silver, ???PAHs and ???PCBs are potentially toxic and/or bioavailable. These predictions were supported by studies of biota in the Burlington Harbor watershed. There is a clear trend of decreasing PAH and trace metal contaminant concentrations with distance from the STP outfall.Surface samples and cores were collected in 1993 from the Burlington Harbor region of Lake Champlain. Sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals (cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver and zinc), simultaneously extracted metal/acid volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS), grain size, nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)). The concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver and zinc from the partial sediment digestion of the surface samples correlated well with each other (r2>0.60) indicating that either a common process, or group of processes determined the sediment concentrations of these metals. In an analysis of the spatial distribution of the trace metals and PAHs, high surficial concentrations were present in the southern portion of the Harbor. The trace metal trend was strengthened when the concentrations were normalized by grain size. A sewage treatment plant outfall discharge was present in the southeastern portion of the Harbor at the time of this study and is the major source of trace metal and PAH contamination. Evaluation of sediment cores provides a proxy record of historical trace metal and organic inputs. The peak accumulation rate for copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc was in the late 1960s and the peak silver accumulation rate was later. The greatest accumulation of trace metals occurred in the late 1960s after discharges from the STP began. Subsequent declines in trace metal concentrations may be attributed to increased water and air regulations. The potential toxicity of trace metals and organic contaminants was predicted by comparing contaminant concentrations to benchmark concentrations and potential trace metal bioavailability was predicted with SEM-AVS results. Surface sample results indicate lead, silver, ??PAHs and ??PCBs are potentially toxic and/or bi","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005271101398","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Lacey, E., King, J., Quinn, J., Mecray, E., Appleby, P., and Hunt, A., 2001, Sediment quality in Burlington Harbor, Lake Champlain, U.S.A.: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005271101398.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487470,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1740","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005271101398"},{"id":232339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89abe4b08c986b316e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacey, E.M.","contributorId":27228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacey","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J.W.","contributorId":19265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, J.G.","contributorId":14936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mecray, E.L.","contributorId":14840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Appleby, P.G.","contributorId":23254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appleby","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, A.S.","contributorId":72976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023720,"text":"70023720 - 2001 - Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:20:32","indexId":"70023720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar 13C values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and 13C values had evolved due to microbial degradation of organics, with the 13C being much heavier than the starting materials. A microcosm experiment was run to observe isotopic changes with time in the methane evolved and in compounds remaining in the water during degradation. The 13C values of the methane became heavier during the initial period of the run when volatile fatty acids were being consumed. There was an abrupt decrease in the 13C values when fatty acids had been consumed and phenols began to be utilized. The 13C value of the propionate remaining in solution also increased, similar to the results found in the field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Silva, S.R., Bemis, B., Godsy, E., and Warren, E., 2001, Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 311-316.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6208,45.8973],[-87.6993,45.8976],[-87.6994,45.7219],[-87.8187,45.7217],[-87.8468,45.7218],[-87.8475,45.7218],[-87.8495,45.724],[-87.8527,45.7259],[-87.8566,45.7278],[-87.8593,45.7304],[-87.8621,45.7331],[-87.8635,45.7365],[-87.8642,45.7397],[-87.8654,45.7427],[-87.8665,45.7458],[-87.8691,45.7485],[-87.873,45.7508],[-87.8775,45.7536],[-87.8814,45.7545],[-87.8853,45.7549],[-87.8877,45.7551],[-87.8892,45.7551],[-87.8925,45.7543],[-87.8957,45.7539],[-87.899,45.7543],[-87.9016,45.7552],[-87.9056,45.7574],[-87.9076,45.758],[-87.9087,45.7581],[-87.9121,45.7577],[-87.9146,45.7582],[-87.9151,45.7583],[-87.9173,45.7587],[-87.9199,45.7586],[-87.9219,45.7573],[-87.9232,45.7569],[-87.9258,45.7574],[-87.9284,45.7581],[-87.9324,45.7593],[-87.9356,45.7598],[-87.9415,45.7584],[-87.9472,45.7581],[-87.9545,45.7587],[-87.9591,45.7588],[-87.9641,45.7601],[-87.9673,45.7615],[-87.9705,45.7633],[-87.9725,45.7644],[-87.9757,45.7663],[-87.9796,45.7676],[-87.9841,45.7695],[-87.9874,45.7705],[-87.9908,45.772],[-87.9919,45.7732],[-87.9905,45.7755],[-87.9892,45.7764],[-87.9879,45.7773],[-87.9858,45.7796],[-87.9845,45.7823],[-87.9858,45.7845],[-87.9872,45.7881],[-87.9885,45.7903],[-87.9901,45.7924],[-87.994,45.7952],[-87.9971,45.7967],[-87.9984,45.7964],[-87.9991,45.7962],[-88.0031,45.7953],[-88.0064,45.7931],[-88.0084,45.7926],[-88.0104,45.7922],[-88.014,45.791],[-88.0199,45.79],[-88.0264,45.789],[-88.0296,45.7886],[-88.0313,45.7883],[-88.0333,45.7879],[-88.0392,45.7866],[-88.0439,45.7847],[-88.0497,45.7833],[-88.0509,45.783],[-88.0549,45.7819],[-88.0583,45.7818],[-88.0595,45.7818],[-88.0641,45.7809],[-88.0694,45.7814],[-88.071,45.7818],[-88.0732,45.7826],[-88.0779,45.7848],[-88.0805,45.7861],[-88.0862,45.788],[-88.0908,45.789],[-88.095,45.7905],[-88.0989,45.7914],[-88.103,45.7937],[-88.1064,45.7966],[-88.1082,45.7991],[-88.1109,45.8013],[-88.1155,45.8035],[-88.1201,45.8053],[-88.1237,45.8067],[-88.1275,45.8086],[-88.1283,45.8092],[-88.1314,45.8118],[-88.1341,45.8143],[-88.1359,45.8164],[-88.1365,45.8196],[-88.1349,45.8225],[-88.1323,45.8249],[-88.1298,45.8273],[-88.1265,45.8296],[-88.1195,45.8342],[-88.1159,45.8368],[-88.1154,45.8371],[-88.1124,45.8388],[-88.1093,45.8408],[-88.1079,45.8431],[-88.1059,45.8454],[-88.1042,45.8472],[-88.1025,45.8486],[-88.101,45.8499],[-88.0984,45.8523],[-88.0951,45.8541],[-88.0926,45.8562],[-88.0899,45.8584],[-88.0873,45.8603],[-88.0853,45.8626],[-88.0817,45.8644],[-88.0772,45.8658],[-88.074,45.869],[-88.0733,45.8713],[-88.0728,45.8721],[-88.0748,45.8735],[-88.0774,45.8749],[-88.0807,45.8768],[-88.085,45.8777],[-88.0882,45.879],[-88.089,45.8792],[-88.0925,45.8802],[-88.0965,45.882],[-88.1005,45.8838],[-88.1018,45.8865],[-88.1037,45.8893],[-88.1042,45.8906],[-88.1046,45.8925],[-88.1061,45.8985],[-88.1055,45.9016],[-88.1053,45.9044],[-88.104,45.9067],[-88.1036,45.9071],[-88.103,45.9076],[-88.1005,45.9099],[-88.0992,45.9117],[-88.0965,45.9131],[-88.0954,45.9141],[-88.096,45.9154],[-88.098,45.9168],[-88.1013,45.9182],[-88.1046,45.9196],[-88.1085,45.9203],[-88.1125,45.9216],[-88.1149,45.9221],[-88.1171,45.9225],[-88.1187,46.1216],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6203,45.9852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, B.","contributorId":55608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bemis","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023882,"text":"70023882 - 2001 - Methanogenic biodegradation of charcoal production wastes in groundwater at Kingsford, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:19:17","indexId":"70023882","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methanogenic biodegradation of charcoal production wastes in groundwater at Kingsford, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"A house exploded in the City of Kingsford, Michigan USA. The explosion was caused by CH4 that leaked into the basement from the surrounding soil. Evidence suggests that biodegradation of products from the distillation and spillage at or near a former wood carbonization plant site was the major source of CH4 and CO2 in the groundwater system. The plant area is directly upgradient from deep groundwater, samples of which are green-yellow in colour, have a very strong odour of burnt wood, contain high concentrations of mononuclear aromatic and phenolic compounds, and extremely high concentrations of volatile fatty acids. The majority of the dissolved compounds in these groundwater samples have been shown, using laboratory microcosms, to be anaerobically biodegradable to CH4 and CO2. The biodegradable compounds, and the amounts of CH4 and CO2 produced in the microcosms, are consistent with observations from field samples.","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Michael, G.E., Warren, E., and Westjohn, D., 2001, Methanogenic biodegradation of charcoal production wastes in groundwater at Kingsford, Michigan, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 303-310.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Dickinson County","city":"Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6208,45.8973],[-87.6993,45.8976],[-87.6994,45.7219],[-87.8187,45.7217],[-87.8468,45.7218],[-87.8475,45.7218],[-87.8495,45.724],[-87.8527,45.7259],[-87.8566,45.7278],[-87.8593,45.7304],[-87.8621,45.7331],[-87.8635,45.7365],[-87.8642,45.7397],[-87.8654,45.7427],[-87.8665,45.7458],[-87.8691,45.7485],[-87.873,45.7508],[-87.8775,45.7536],[-87.8814,45.7545],[-87.8853,45.7549],[-87.8877,45.7551],[-87.8892,45.7551],[-87.8925,45.7543],[-87.8957,45.7539],[-87.899,45.7543],[-87.9016,45.7552],[-87.9056,45.7574],[-87.9076,45.758],[-87.9087,45.7581],[-87.9121,45.7577],[-87.9146,45.7582],[-87.9151,45.7583],[-87.9173,45.7587],[-87.9199,45.7586],[-87.9219,45.7573],[-87.9232,45.7569],[-87.9258,45.7574],[-87.9284,45.7581],[-87.9324,45.7593],[-87.9356,45.7598],[-87.9415,45.7584],[-87.9472,45.7581],[-87.9545,45.7587],[-87.9591,45.7588],[-87.9641,45.7601],[-87.9673,45.7615],[-87.9705,45.7633],[-87.9725,45.7644],[-87.9757,45.7663],[-87.9796,45.7676],[-87.9841,45.7695],[-87.9874,45.7705],[-87.9908,45.772],[-87.9919,45.7732],[-87.9905,45.7755],[-87.9892,45.7764],[-87.9879,45.7773],[-87.9858,45.7796],[-87.9845,45.7823],[-87.9858,45.7845],[-87.9872,45.7881],[-87.9885,45.7903],[-87.9901,45.7924],[-87.994,45.7952],[-87.9971,45.7967],[-87.9984,45.7964],[-87.9991,45.7962],[-88.0031,45.7953],[-88.0064,45.7931],[-88.0084,45.7926],[-88.0104,45.7922],[-88.014,45.791],[-88.0199,45.79],[-88.0264,45.789],[-88.0296,45.7886],[-88.0313,45.7883],[-88.0333,45.7879],[-88.0392,45.7866],[-88.0439,45.7847],[-88.0497,45.7833],[-88.0509,45.783],[-88.0549,45.7819],[-88.0583,45.7818],[-88.0595,45.7818],[-88.0641,45.7809],[-88.0694,45.7814],[-88.071,45.7818],[-88.0732,45.7826],[-88.0779,45.7848],[-88.0805,45.7861],[-88.0862,45.788],[-88.0908,45.789],[-88.095,45.7905],[-88.0989,45.7914],[-88.103,45.7937],[-88.1064,45.7966],[-88.1082,45.7991],[-88.1109,45.8013],[-88.1155,45.8035],[-88.1201,45.8053],[-88.1237,45.8067],[-88.1275,45.8086],[-88.1283,45.8092],[-88.1314,45.8118],[-88.1341,45.8143],[-88.1359,45.8164],[-88.1365,45.8196],[-88.1349,45.8225],[-88.1323,45.8249],[-88.1298,45.8273],[-88.1265,45.8296],[-88.1195,45.8342],[-88.1159,45.8368],[-88.1154,45.8371],[-88.1124,45.8388],[-88.1093,45.8408],[-88.1079,45.8431],[-88.1059,45.8454],[-88.1042,45.8472],[-88.1025,45.8486],[-88.101,45.8499],[-88.0984,45.8523],[-88.0951,45.8541],[-88.0926,45.8562],[-88.0899,45.8584],[-88.0873,45.8603],[-88.0853,45.8626],[-88.0817,45.8644],[-88.0772,45.8658],[-88.074,45.869],[-88.0733,45.8713],[-88.0728,45.8721],[-88.0748,45.8735],[-88.0774,45.8749],[-88.0807,45.8768],[-88.085,45.8777],[-88.0882,45.879],[-88.089,45.8792],[-88.0925,45.8802],[-88.0965,45.882],[-88.1005,45.8838],[-88.1018,45.8865],[-88.1037,45.8893],[-88.1042,45.8906],[-88.1046,45.8925],[-88.1061,45.8985],[-88.1055,45.9016],[-88.1053,45.9044],[-88.104,45.9067],[-88.1036,45.9071],[-88.103,45.9076],[-88.1005,45.9099],[-88.0992,45.9117],[-88.0965,45.9131],[-88.0954,45.9141],[-88.096,45.9154],[-88.098,45.9168],[-88.1013,45.9182],[-88.1046,45.9196],[-88.1085,45.9203],[-88.1125,45.9216],[-88.1149,45.9221],[-88.1171,45.9225],[-88.1187,46.1216],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6203,45.9852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5540e4b0c8380cd6d181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Godsy E.","contributorId":80859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Godsy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westjohn, D.B.","contributorId":68411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023993,"text":"70023993 - 2001 - Secretinite-Reflectance and chemical data from two high volatile bituminous coals (Upper Carboniferous) of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023993","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secretinite-Reflectance and chemical data from two high volatile bituminous coals (Upper Carboniferous) of North America","docAbstract":"Secretinite - a maceral of the inertinite group as recognized by the ICCP in 1996- is a noncellular maceral of seed fern origin. New reflectance data indicate that this maceral has primary anisotropy with bireflectances of 0.4% to 0.9% in high-volatile B bituminous (Ro = 0.6%) Carboniferous coal of North America. The highest reflectance is in cross-section as opposed to longitudinal section. Characteristic feature of secretinite is the virtual absence of Si and Al, unlike that in associated vitrinite. This indicates the absence of submicron aluminosilicates in secretinite and their presence in vitrinites. Secretinite is highly aromatic as indicated by low O/C ratios and high contribution of aromatic hydrogen bands detected by FTIR analysis. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00041-0","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., and Mastalerz, M., 2001, Secretinite-Reflectance and chemical data from two high volatile bituminous coals (Upper Carboniferous) of North America: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 45, no. 4, p. 281-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00041-0.","startPage":"281","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00041-0"},{"id":232058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8931e4b08c986b316d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185672,"text":"70185672 - 2001 - Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:37:05","indexId":"70185672","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>At contaminated groundwater sites, poplar trees can be used to affect ground-water levels, flow directions, and ultimately total groundwater and contaminant flux to areas downgradient of the trees. The magnitude of the hydrologic changes can be monitored using fundamental concepts of groundwater hydrology, in addition to plant physiology-based approaches, and can be viewed as being almost independent of the contaminant released. The affect of poplar trees on the fate of groundwater contaminants, however, is contaminant dependent. Some petroleum hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvents may be mineralized or transformed to innocuous compounds by rhizospheric bacteria associated with the tree roots, mineralized or transformed by plant tissues in the transpiration stream or leaves after uptake, or passively volatilized and rapidly dispersed or oxidized in the atmosphere. These processes also can be monitored using a combination of physiological- or geochemical-based field or laboratory approaches. When combined, such hydrologic and contaminant monitoring approaches can result in a more accurate assessment of the use of poplar trees to meet regulatory goals at contaminated groundwater sites, verify that these goals continue to be met in the future, and ultimately lead to a consensus on how the performance of plant-based remedial strategies (phytoremediation) is to be assessed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15226510108500050","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., 2001, Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 3, no. 1, p. 61-85, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510108500050.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022969,"text":"70022969 - 2001 - Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global survey data. I. Noachian and Hesperian Periods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022969","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global survey data. I. Noachian and Hesperian Periods","docAbstract":"During the Noachian Period, the south polar region of Mars underwent intense cratering, construction of three groups of volcanoes, widespread contractional deformation, resurfacing of low areas, and local dissection of valley networks; no evidence for polar deposits, ice sheets, or glaciation is recognized. South polar Hesperian geology is broadly characterized by waning impacts, volcanism, and tectonism. Emplacement of the polar Dorsa Argentea Formation (DAF) occurred during the Hesperian Period. Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter topographic data and Mars Orbiter Camera images elucidate stratigraphic, morphologic, and topographic relations, permitting the dividing of the DAF into eight members, which surround and underlie about half of the Amazonian south polar layered deposits. The lobate fronts and lack of typical volcanic-flow morphology of the six plains units indicate that they may be made up of debris flows. We think that these flows, tens of meters to 200 m thick, may have originated by the discharge of huge volumes of slurry fluidized by ground water or liquid CO2, perhaps triggered by local impacts, igneous activity, or basal melting beneath polar deposits. The cavi and rugged members include irregular depressions that penetrate the subsurface; some of the pits have raised rims. The depressions may have formed by collapse due to expulsion of subsurface material in which local explosive activity built up the raised rims. Further, smaller eruptions of volatile-rich material may have resulted in narrow, sinuous channel deposits within aggrading fine-grained unconsolidated material perhaps produced by gaseous discharge of subsurface volatiles; preferential erosion of the latter material could have produced the Dorsa Argentea-type ginuous ridges associated mainly with the DAF. Alternatively, the ridges may be eskers, but the lack of associated glacial and fluvial morphologies casts doubt on this interpretation. The knobby, degraded materials forming Scandia Colles may represent the only Noachian geologic record exposed in the north polar region. Most of the north polar region was buried by water- or debris-ocean sediments during the Hesperian Period, originating from uplands areas and perhaps knobby terrains in the northern plains. The sediments either mantle or were deformed by wrinkle ridges radial and concentric to Utopia basin and concentric to northern Tharsis. Sources of stress probably included sediment loading in the northern plains and regional magmatic and loading activity at Tharsis. Polar layered deposits began piling up during the Early Amazonian or later. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6675","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Kolb, E., 2001, Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global survey data. I. Noachian and Hesperian Periods: Icarus, v. 154, no. 1, p. 3-21, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6675.","startPage":"3","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6675"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a197de4b0c8380cd559e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, E.J.","contributorId":16555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023008,"text":"70023008 - 2001 - Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:48:52.688815","indexId":"70023008","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland","docAbstract":"<p>The introduction of nonnative plant species may decrease ecosystem stability by altering the availability of nitrogen (N) for plant growth. Invasive species can impact N availability by changing litter quantity and quality, rates of N<sub>2</sub>-fixation, or rates of N loss. We quantified the effects of invasion by the annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i> on N cycling in an arid grassland on the Colorado Plateau (USA). The invasion occurred in 1994 in two community types in an undisturbed grassland. This natural experiment allowed us to measure the immediate responses following invasion without the confounding effects of previous disturbance. Litter biomass and the C:N and lignin:N ratios were measured to determine the effects on litter dynamics. Long-term soil incubations (415 d) were used to measure potential microbial respiration and net N mineralization. Plant-available N was quantified for two years in situ with ion-exchange resin bags, and potential changes in rates of gaseous N loss were estimated by measuring denitrification enzyme activity. <i>Bromus</i> invasion significantly increased litter biomass, and <i>Bromus</i> litter had significantly greater C:N and lignin:N ratios than did native species. The change in litter quantity and chemistry decreased potential rates of net N mineralization in sites with <i>Bromus</i> by decreasing nitrogen available for microbial activity. Inorganic N was 50% lower on <i>Hilaria</i> sites with <i>Bromus</i> during the spring of 1997, but no differences were observed during 1998. The contrasting differences between years are likely due to moisture availability; spring precipitation was 15% greater than average during 1997, but 52% below average during spring of 1998. <i>Bromus</i> may cause a short-term decrease in N loss by decreasing substrate availability and denitrification enzyme activity, but N loss is likely to be greater in invaded sites in the long term because of increased fire frequency and greater N volatilization during fire. We hypothesize that the introduction of <i>Bromus</i> in conjunction with land-use change has established a series of positive feedbacks that will decrease N availability and alter species composition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Evans, R., Rimer, R., Sperry, L., and Belnap, J., 2001, Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1301-1310, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1301:EPIAND]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db0e4b0c8380cd53147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rimer, R.","contributorId":96457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, L.","contributorId":18147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023030,"text":"70023030 - 2001 - Quality of selected coal seams from Indiana: Implications for carbonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023030","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality of selected coal seams from Indiana: Implications for carbonization","docAbstract":"The chemical properties of two high-volatile bituminous coals, the Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation and the Lower Block Coal Member of the Brazil Formation from southern Indiana, were compared to understand the differences in their coking behavior. It was determined that of the two, the Lower Block has better characteristics for coking. Observed factors that contribute to the differences in the coking behavior of the coals include carbon content, organic sulfur content, and oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios. The Lower Block coal has greater carbon content than the Danville coal, leading to a lower O/C ratio, which is more favorable for coking. Organic sulfur content is higher in the Lower Block coal, and a strong correlation was found between organic sulfur and plasticity. The majority of the data for both seams plot in the Type III zone on a van Krevelen diagram, and several samples from the Lower Block coal plot into the Type II zone, suggesting a perhydrous character for those samples. This divergence in properties between the Lower Block and Danville coals may account for the superior coking behavior of the Lower Block coal. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00046-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Mastalerz, M., and Padgett, P., 2001, Quality of selected coal seams from Indiana: Implications for carbonization: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00046-5.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00046-5"},{"id":233656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a90c4e4b0c8380cd7ff11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.","contributorId":64182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padgett, P.","contributorId":89314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padgett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023036,"text":"70023036 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023036","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","docAbstract":"The model presented here simulates a network of parallel and sequential reactions that describe the structural and chemical transformation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and the resulting generation of mobile species from shallow burial to approximately low-volatile bituminous rank. The model is calibrated to the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation coal of the Piceance Basin at the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) Site, assuming this coal is largely derived from lignin. The model calculates the content of functional groups on the residual molecular species, C, H, and O elemental weight percents of the residual species, and moles of residual molecular species and mobile species (including components of natural gas) through time. The model is generally more sensitive to initial molecular structure of the lignin-derived molecule and the H2O content of the system than to initial temperature, as the former affect the fundamental reaction paths. The model is used to estimate that a total of 314 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of methane is generated by the Williams Fork coal over the basin history. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1087-1101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X"},{"id":233730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44984,"text":"wri014208 - 2001 - Ground-water quality, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T21:13:57.854239","indexId":"wri014208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4208","title":"Ground-water quality, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, 1999","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, ground-water samples were collected from 34 existing wells in the Cook Inlet Basin in south-central Alaska during 1999. All ground-water samples were from aquifers composed of glacial or alluvial sediments. The water samples were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of selected major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, radioisotopes, and environmental isotopes. Of 34 samples, 29 were from wells chosen by using a grid-based random-selection process. Water samples from five major public-supply wells also were collected.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRadon-222 and arsenic concentrations exceeded drinking-water standards proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 39 and 18 percent of sampled wells, respectively. The highest radon concentration measured during this study was 610 picocuries per liter; 12 of 31 samples exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter. The highest arsenic concentration was 29 micrograms per liter; 6 of 34 samples exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level of 10 micrograms per liter. Human activities may be increasing the concen- tration of nitrate in ground water, but nitrate concentrations in all samples were less than the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Concentrations of nitrate were highest in Anchorage and were as great as 4.8 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 77 to 986 milligrams per liter; only 2 of 34 wells yielded water having greater than 500 milligrams per liter. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded secondary maximum contaminant levels in 18 and 42 percent of samples, respectively. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nConcentrations of all pesticides and volatile organic compounds detected in ground-water samples were very low, less than 1 microgram per liter. No pesticide or volatile organic compounds were detected at concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards or guidelines. Water samples from one-half of the wells sampled had no detectable concentrations of pesticides or volatile organic carbons, at the parts-per-billion level.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nConcentrations of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in ground-water samples were similar to concentrations expected for modern precipitation and for water that has been affected by evaporation. Tritium activities and concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons indicated that the water samples collected from most wells were recharged less than 50 years ago.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014208","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., 2001, Ground-water quality, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, 1999 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4208, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014208.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411667,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46459.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3859,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4208","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.4667,\n              61.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.4667,\n              61.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              61.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              61.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.4667,\n              61.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, Roy L.","contributorId":86813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44639,"text":"wri014108 - 2001 - Hydrologic setting and geochemical characterization of free-phase hydrocarbons in the alluvial aquifer at Mandan, North Dakota, November 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:23:12","indexId":"wri014108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4108","title":"Hydrologic setting and geochemical characterization of free-phase hydrocarbons in the alluvial aquifer at Mandan, North Dakota, November 2000","docAbstract":"<p>Free-phase hydrocarbons are present in the alluvial aquifer at Mandan, North Dakota. A large contaminant body of the hydrocarbons [light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL)] floats on the water table about 20 feet below land surface. The main LNAPL body is about 6 feet thick, and the areal extent is about 657,000 square feet. A study was conducted to describe the hydrologic setting and characterize the geochemical composition of the free-phase hydrocarbons in the alluvial aquifer. </p><p>Most of the study area is underlain by alluvium of the Heart River Valley that ranges in thickness from about 25 to 109 feet. The alluvium can be divided into three stratigraphic units silty clay, silty sand, and sand and is underlain by shales and sandstones. Monitoring wells were installed prior to this study, to an average depth of about 29 feet. </p><p>Regional ground-water flow in the Heart River aquifer generally may be from west-northwest to eastsoutheast and is influenced by hydraulic connections to the river. Hydraulic connections also are probable between the aquifer and the Missouri River. Ground-water flow across the north boundary of the aquifer is minimal because of adjacent shales and sandstones of relatively low permeability. Recharge occurs from infiltration of precipitation and is spatially variable depending on the thickness of overlying clays and silts. Although the general water-table gradient may be from west-northwest to east-southeast, the flow directions can vary depending on the river stage and recharge events. Any movement of the LNAPL is influenced by the gradients created by changes in water-level altitudes.</p><p>LNAPL samples were collected from monitoring wells using dedicated bailers. The samples were transferred to glass containers, stored in the dark, and refrigerated before shipment for analysis by a variety of analytical techniques. For comparison purposes, reference-fuel samples provided by the refinery in Mandan also were analyzed. These reference-fuel samples included a current diesel fuel, a closely related but slightly broader refinery-cut fuel, a crude-oil composite, unleaded regular gasoline, and additives. </p><p>Four principal analytical techniques were used for geochemical characterization: Purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (volatile components); capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (semivolatile components); isotope ratio mass spectrometry (carbon isotopes; whole oils); and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (additives and other organic components). Volatile analytes included solvents, disinfection byproducts, halogenated hydrocarbons, and alkylbenzenes, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and meta-, para-, and orf/zo-xylenes. Semivolatile analytes included rt-alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes, cycloalkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds (naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and dibenzothiophenes and their alkylated derivatives). Of the additives, only the diesel-fuel additive with the red dye marker was amenable to electrospray ionization.</p><p>Results indicate the LNAPL consists of closely correlatable diesel fuel at various stages of degradation. All LNAPL samples contained the red dye marker for diesel fuel. None of the samples contained chlorinated solvents associated with industries such as drycleaning or automotive maintenance. Solvents such as acetone, dimethyl ether, and methylene chloride and the gasoline additives methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-t-butyl&nbsp;ether (ETBE), and t-amyl-methyl ether (TAME) were not found. With one possible exception, no evidence of a different diesel or other hydrocarbon fuel contribution was identified. At one site near the north edge of the main LNAPL body, evidence exists for traces of possible gasoline components in addition to the diesel fuel. The geochemical analysis of the LNAPL and correlations with other fuel products and additives strongly suggest episodic releases of a single, local-source, diesel fuel into the aquifer over an extended period of time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014108","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F.D., Rostad, C.E., Kvenvolden, K.A., Delin, G.N., Putnam, L.D., Kolak, J.J., Chaplin, B.P., and Schaap, B.D., 2001, Hydrologic setting and geochemical characterization of free-phase hydrocarbons in the alluvial aquifer at Mandan, North Dakota, November 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4108, iv, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014108.","productDescription":"iv, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99312,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4108/report.pdf","size":"8914","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Morton 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P.","contributorId":10087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Brain","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":44905,"text":"wri994270 - 2001 - Gore Creek watershed, Colorado — Assessment of historical and current water quantity, water quality, and aquatic ecology, 1968–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T21:28:24.334817","indexId":"wri994270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4270","title":"Gore Creek watershed, Colorado — Assessment of historical and current water quantity, water quality, and aquatic ecology, 1968–98","docAbstract":"<p>The historical and current (1998) water-quantity, water-quality, and aquatic-ecology conditions in the Gore Creek watershed are described as part of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Town of Vail, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. Interpretation of the available water-quantity, water-quality, and aquatic-ecology data collected by various agencies since 1968 showed that background geology and land use in the watershed influence the water quality and stream biota.</p><p>Surface-water nutrient concentrations generally increased as water moved downstream through the Town of Vail, but concentrations at the mouth of Gore Creek were typical when compared with national data for urban/undeveloped sites. Nitrate concentrations in Gore Creek were highest just downstream from a wastewater-treatment plant discharge, but concentrations decreased at sites farther downstream because of dilution and nitrogen uptake by algae. Recent total phosphorus concentrations were somewhat elevated when compared to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended level of 0.10 milligram per liter for control of eutrophication in flowing water. However, total phosphorus concentrations at the mouth of Gore Creek were relatively low when compared to a national study of phosphorus in urban land-use areas.</p><p>Historically, suspended sediment associated with construction of Interstate 70 in the early 1970's has been of primary concern; however, recent data indicate that streambed aggradation of sediment originating from Interstate 70 traction sanding currently is a greater concern. About 4,000 tons of coarse sand and fine gravel is washed into Black Gore Creek each year following application of traction materials to Interstate 70 during adverse winter driving conditions. Suspended-sediment concentrations were low in Black Gore Creek; however, bedload-transport rates of as much as 4 tons per day have been measured.</p><p>Water samples were collected during spring and fall of 1997 from five alluvial monitoring wells located throughout the Town of Vail. Nutrient concentrations generally were low in the alluvial monitoring wells. Specific-conductance values ranged from 265 to 557 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of radon in monitoring-well samples exceeded the 300-picocuries-per-liter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level (which has been suspended pending further review). Low levels of bacteria and methylene blue active substances indicate there is little or no wastewater contamination of shallow ground water in the vicinity of the monitoring wells and one of the municipal water-supply wells. Ground-water ages in the alluvial aquifer ranged from about 2 to about 50 years old. These ages indicate that changes in land-management practices may not have an effect on ground-water quality for many years.</p><p>Differences in macroinvertebrate-community structure were found among sites in Gore Creek by evaluating changes in relative abundance, total abundance, and dominant functional feeding groups of the major macroinvertebrate groups. Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), and Coleoptera (beetles) exhibited relatively low tolerance to water-quality degradation when compared with Diptera (midges) and non-insects (sludge worms). More than 80 percent of the macroinvertebrate community at sites located farthest upstream was composed of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, indicating favorable water-quality and habitat conditions. The relative percentages of midges and sludge worms greatly increased in the downstream reaches of Gore Creek, which drain relatively larger areas of urban and recreation land uses, indicating the occurrence of nutrient and organic enrichment in Gore Creek.</p><p>The macroinvertebrate community in Black Gore Creek indicated adverse effects from sediment deposition. Macroinvertebrate abundance was considerably reduced at the two sites where streambed sediment was more prevalent; however, differences in abundance also may have been related to differences in habitat and availability of food resources.</p><p>The lower 4 miles of Gore Creek, downstream from Red Sandstone Creek, have been designated a Gold Medal fishery in recognition of the high recreational value of the abundant brown trout community. Gore Creek contained twice as many trout as a reference site with similar habitat characteristics in Rocky Mountain National Park.</p><p>Moderate increases in nutrient concentrations above background conditions have increased the growth and abundance potential for aquatic life in Gore Creek, while at the same time, esthetic and water-quality conditions have remained favorable. The spatial distribution of nitrate concentrations was consistent with the observed spatial distribution of algal biomass and macroinvertebrate-community characteristics. Algal biomass was limited by available resources (sunlight and nutrients) in the upstream reaches of Gore Creek and limited by macroinvertebrate grazing and water-quality conditions in the downstream reaches. The fish community has benefited from enhanced biological production in the downstream reach of Gore Creek. Increases in algal biomass and macroinvertebrate abundance, in response to higher nutrient concentrations, provide ample food resources necessary to support the abundant fish community.</p><p>Trace-element data for surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, fish tissue, and macroinvertebrate tissue indicate that concentrations are generally low in the Gore Creek watershed. In streambed-sediment samples, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations were below background levels reported for the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, and silver in surface water have occasionally exceeded stream standards in the past, but recent surface-water data indicate these trace elements currently are not of concern. Manganese concentrations commonly exceeded the 50-microgram-per-liter stream standard in Black Gore Creek. Elevated manganese concentrations were primarily attributable to the sedimentary geology of the area.</p><p>Concentrations of organic constituents are low in the Gore Creek watershed. Pesticides were detected infrequently and at low concentrations in surface-water, ground-water, bed-sediment, and whole-body fish-tissue samples. Volatile organic compounds also were detected at low concentrations in surface- and ground-water samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994270","usgsCitation":"Wynn, K.H., Bauch, N.J., and Driver, N.E., 2001, Gore Creek watershed, Colorado — Assessment of historical and current water quantity, water quality, and aquatic ecology, 1968–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4270, v, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994270.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43712.htm"},{"id":3788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994270","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gore Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.45,\n              39.532\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.176,\n              39.532\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.176,\n              39.716\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45,\n              39.716\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45,\n              39.532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Kirby H.","contributorId":37316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Kirby","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driver, Nancy E.","contributorId":67858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45015,"text":"wri014125 - 2001 - Ground-water quality in the southeastern Sacramento Valley aquifer, California, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:55","indexId":"wri014125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4125","title":"Ground-water quality in the southeastern Sacramento Valley aquifer, California, 1996","docAbstract":"In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled 29 domestic wells and 2 monitoring wells in the southeastern Sacramento Valley as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. This area, designated as the NAWQA Sacramento subunit study area, was chosen because it had the largest amount of ground-water use in the Sacramento River Basin. The Sacramento subunit study area is about 4,400 square kilometers and includes intense agricultural and urban development. The wells sampled ranged from 14.9 to 79.2 meters deep. Ground-water samples from 31 wells were analyzed for 6 field measurements, 14 inorganic constituents, 6 nutrient constituents, organic carbon, 86 pesticides, 87 volatile organic compounds, tritium (hydrogen-3), radon-222, deuterium (hydrogen-2), and oxygen-18. Nitrate levels were lower than the 2000 drinking-water standards in all but one well, but many detections were in the range that indicated an effect by human activities on ground-water quality. Radon was detected in all wells, and was measured at levels above the proposed Federal 2000 maximum contaminant level in 90 percent of the wells. Five pesticides and one pesticide degradation product were detected in ground-water samples and concentrations were below 2000 drinking-water standards. All pesticides detected during this study have been used in the Sacramento Valley. Thirteen volatile organic compounds were detected in ground water. One detection of trichloroethene was above Federal 2000 drinking-water standards, and another, tetrachloromethane, was above California 1997 drinking-water standards; both occurred in a well that had eight volatile organic compound detections and is near a known source of ground-water contamination. Pesticides and volatile organic compounds were detected in agricultural and urban areas; both pesticides and volatile organic compounds were detected at a higher frequency in urban wells. Ground-water chemistry indicates that natural processes and human activities are affecting ground-water quality in the upper part of the southeastern Sacramento Valley aquifer. The factors identified as having an influence on ground-water quality were redox condition in the aquifer, depth within the aquifer, and land use overlying the aquifer. Nitrate concentra-tions showed a statistical correlation with each of these factors. Detections of pesticides and volatile organic compounds were too few to compare concentrations with the various factors, but the types of synthetic compounds detected were consistent with the sur-rounding land use. Sixty-one percent of the wells sampled in this study showed the effect of human activities on ground-water quality in the form of a nitrate concentration over 3 milligrams per liter or a detection of a pesticide or volatile organic compound. In general, the water quality in the southeastern Sacramento Valley aquifer was found suitable for most uses. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014125","usgsCitation":"Milby Dawson, B.J., 2001, Ground-water quality in the southeastern Sacramento Valley aquifer, California, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4125, vii, 24 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014125.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014125","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45019,"text":"wri014163 - 2001 - Evaluation of passive diffusion bag samplers in selected wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, July 1999 to January 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:56","indexId":"wri014163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4163","title":"Evaluation of passive diffusion bag samplers in selected wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, July 1999 to January 2000","docAbstract":"Passive diffusion bag samplers were tested in 11 wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, by comparing the volatile organic compound concentrations obtained from passive diffusion bag samplers to volatile organic compound concentrations obtained by pumping the wells. The wells were screened in poorly permeable formations, including overburden, shale, and limestone. In five of the tested wells containing detectable volatile organic compound contamination, the data suggest that the diffusion samplers accurately reflected ambient contaminant concentrations (wells 1-NEC-15-P, 1-NEC-MW17-S, 1-NEMW23-S, 1-NW-MW24-S, and 1-NW-MW24-P). Comparison of a third well (1-NEC-MW34-S), in which the passive diffusion bag samplers produced higher concentrations than the pumped sample, is less certain because the passive diffusion bag sampler had passed through a layer of light non-aqueous phase liquid during deployment, suggesting the possibility of carryover contamination. In two wells (1-NE-MW23-P and 1-NEC-MW15-S), it was unclear whether concentrations obtained by using the passive diffusion bag samplers adequately represented in situ concentrations because the comparison of concentrations obtained by using the samplers and the pump was inconsistent between sampling events and/or between volatile organic compounds. In one well (1-NEC-MW34-P), the methodologies matched poorly, with volatile organic compound concentrations obtained by using the passive diffusion bag sampler substantially lower than those obtained by using the pump. Two of the tested wells (1-NW-MW6-I and 1-SE-MW13-I) contained no detectable contaminants in water obtained from either method. Data from wells where multiple passive diffusion bag samplers were deployed showed the lowest volatile organic compound concentrations adjacent to the vuggy limestone and higher volatile organic compound concentrations deeper in the limestone, supporting colloidal-borescope data that indicate the vuggy limestone is not a zone that supplies water to the wells.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014163","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., and Casey, C.C., 2001, Evaluation of passive diffusion bag samplers in selected wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, July 1999 to January 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4163, iv, 16 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014163.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3884,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99361,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4163/report.pdf","size":"2153","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2eef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45041,"text":"wri014060 - 2001 - User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part I, Deployment, recovery, data interpretation, and quality control and assurance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:43","indexId":"wri014060","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4060","title":"User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part I, Deployment, recovery, data interpretation, and quality control and assurance","docAbstract":"Diffusion samplers installed in observation wells were found to be capable of yielding representative water samples for chlorinated volatile organic compounds. The samplers consisted of polyethylene bags containing deionized water and relied on diffusion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds through the polyethylene membrane. The known ability of polyethylene to transmit other volatile compounds, such as benzene and toluene, indicates that the samplers can be used for a variety of volatile organic compounds. In wells at the study area, the volatile organic compound concentrations in water samples obtained using the samplers without prior purging were similar to concentrations in water samples obtained from the respective wells using traditional purging and sampling approaches. The low cost associated with this approach makes it a viable option for monitoring large observation-well networks for volatile organic compounds.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014060","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., 2001, User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part I, Deployment, recovery, data interpretation, and quality control and assurance: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4060, iv, 18 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014060.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014060","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45042,"text":"wri014061 - 2001 - User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part 2, Field tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"wri014061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4061","title":"User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part 2, Field tests","docAbstract":"Diffusion samplers installed in observation wells were found to be capable of yielding representative water samples for chlorinated volatile organic compounds. The samplers consisted of polyethylene bags containing deionized water and relied on diffusion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds through the polyethylene membrane. The known ability of polyethylene to transmit other volatile compounds, such as benzene and toluene, indicates that the samplers can be used for a variety of volatile organic compounds. In wells at the study area, the volatile organic compound concentrations in water samples obtained using the samplers without prior purging were similar to concentrations in water samples obtained from the respective wells using traditional purging and sampling approaches. The low cost associated with this approach makes it a viable option for monitoring large observation-well networks for volatile organic compounds.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014061","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., 2001, User's guide for polyethylene-based passive diffusion bag samplers to obtain volatile organic compound concentrations in wells. Part 2, Field tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4061, 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014061.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3903,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014061","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603ea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45063,"text":"wri20004241 - 2001 - Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:31:05","indexId":"wri20004241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4241","displayTitle":"Relation of Shallow Water Quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to Geology, Soils, and Land Use","title":"Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to identify, describe, and explain relations between natural and land-use factors and ground-water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer NAWQA study unit. Natural factors compared to water quality included the geologic unit in which the sampled wells were completed and the properties of soils in the areas surrounding the wells. Land-use factors included types of land use and population densities surrounding sampled wells. Ground-water quality was characterized by concentrations of inorganic constituents, and by frequencies of detection of volatile organic compounds and pesticides. Water-quality data were from samples collected from wells 91 meters (300 feet) or less in depth as part of Permian and Quaternary geologic unit survey networks and from an urban survey network.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of many inorganic constituents were significantly related to geology. In addition, concentrations of many inorganic constituents were greater in water from wells from the Oklahoma City urban sampling network than in water from wells from low-density survey networks designed to evaluate ambient water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer study unit. However, sampling bias may have been induced by differences in hydrogeologic factors between sampling networks, limiting the ability to determine land-use effects on concentrations of inorganic constituents.\r\n\r\nFrequencies of detection of pesticide and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground-water samples were related to land use and population density, with these compounds being more frequently detected in densely-populated areas. Geology and soil properties were not significantly correlated to pesticide or VOC occurrence in ground water. Lesser frequencies of detection of pesticides in water from wells in rural areas may be due to low to moderate use of those compounds on agricultural lands in the study unit, with livestock production being the primary agricultural activity. There are many possible sources of pesticides and VOC's in the urban areas of Central Oklahoma. Because only existing water-supply wells were sampled, it is not clear from the data collected whether pesticides and VOC's: (1) occur in low concentrations throughout upper portions of the aquifer in urban areas, or (2) are present in ground water only in the immediate vicinity of the wells due to back-flow of those chemicals into the wells or to inflow around cement seals and through gravel packs surrounding well casings of surface runoff containing those compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004241","collaboration":"Contribution from the National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Rea, A.H., Christenson, S.C., and Andrews, W.J., 2001, Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4241, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004241.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004241/pdf/wrir00-4241.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":167922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,36 ], [ -96.75,36 ], [ -96.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan H. ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50425,"text":"ofr01292 - 2001 - Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999–September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T19:33:27.275693","indexId":"ofr01292","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-292","title":"Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999–September 2000","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence and distribution of volatile organic compounds in surface-water samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, from November 1999 through September 2000. The report describes the differences between years with below normal and normal precipitation,\r\nthe effects of seasons, tide stages, and location on volatile organic compound concentrations in surface water, and provides estimates of volatile organic concentration loads to the tidal Gunpowder River. Eighty-four environmental samples from 20 surface-water sites were analyzed. As many as 13 different volatile organic compounds were detected in the samples.\r\nConcentrations of volatile organic compounds in surface-water samples ranged from below the reporting limit of 0.5 micrograms per liter to a maximum of 50.2 micrograms per liter for chloroform.\r\n\r\nChloroform was detected most frequently, and was found in 55 percent of the environmental samples that were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (46 of 84 samples). Carbon tetrachloride was detected in 56 percent of the surface-water samples in the tidal part of the creek (34 of 61 samples), but was only detected in 3 of 23 samples in the nontidal part of the creek. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was detected in 43 percent of the tidal samples (26 of 61 samples), but was detected at only two nontidal sites and only during November 1999. Three samples were collected from the tidal Gunpowder River about 300 feet from the mouth of Canal Creek in May 2000, and none of the samples contained volatile organic compound concentrations above detection levels. Volatile organic compound concentrations in surface water were highest in the reaches of the creek adjacent to the areas with the highest known levels of ground-water contamination. The load of total volatile organic compounds from Canal Creek to the Gunpowder River is approximately 1.85 pounds per day (0.84 kilograms per day), or 674 pounds per year.\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds that reach the Gunpowder River become substantially diluted. Although natural-attenuation processes in the study area such as biodegradation are highly effective at reducing contaminant concentration in ground water before it discharges to the creek, natural attenuation is not 100 percent effective at all locations or under all tidal, seasonal, and climatic conditions as indicated by detection of volatile organic compounds in Canal Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01292","usgsCitation":"Phelan, D.J., Olsen, L., Senus, M.P., and Spencer, T.A., 2001, Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, November 1999–September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-292, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01292.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394414,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43720.htm"},{"id":4223,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground, Canal Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.318,\n              39.388\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3,\n              39.388\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3,\n              39.411\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.318,\n              39.411\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.318,\n              39.388\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelan, Daniel J.","contributorId":51716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senus, Michael P.","contributorId":39820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50445,"text":"ofr01378 - 2001 - Water quality data for selected wells in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr01378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-378","title":"Water quality data for selected wells in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Water-quality data were collected during 1996-98 for 217 wells in New Jersey and 3 wells in New York as part of the U. S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Samples were collected for five ground-water surveys that were designed to assess water quality in major aquifer systems, with an emphasis on recently recharged (shallow) ground water associated with present and recent human activities. This report (1) summarizes the hydrogeologic framework in the areas of data collection; (2) describes the objectives and procedures for designing each ground-water survey; (3) summarizes the procedures and protocols for data collec-tion, analysis, and quality control; and (4) lists the concentrations of inorganic constituents, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, nutrients, and trace elements present in the ground-water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01378","usgsCitation":"Hibbs, K.L., Stackelberg, P.E., Kauffman, L.J., and Ayers, M.A., 2001, Water quality data for selected wells in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-378, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01378.","productDescription":"203 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4247,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01378/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68583b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hibbs, Kathleen L. khibbs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"Kathleen","email":"khibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174406,"text":"70174406 - 2000 - Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T11:06:39","indexId":"70174406","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2121,"text":"Issues in Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>Over the past 40 years, antipollution laws have greatly reduced discharges of toxic substances into our coastal waters. This effort, however, has focused largely on point-source pollution of industrial and municipal effluent. No comparable effort has been made to restrict the input of nitrogen (N) from municipal effluent, nor to control the flows of N and phosphorus (P) that enter waterways from dispersed or nonpoint sources such as agricultural and urban runoff or as airborne pollutants. As a result, inputs of nonpoint pollutants, particularly N, have increased dramatically. Nonpoint pollution from N and P now represents the largest pollution problem facing the vital coastal waters of the United States. </span></p>\n<p><span>Nutrient pollution is the common thread that links an array of problems along the nation’s coastline, including eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, ”dead zones,” fish kills, some shellfish poisonings, loss of seagrass and kelp beds, some coral reef destruction, and even some marine mammal and seabird deaths. More than 60 percent of our coastal rivers and bays in every coastal state of the continental United States are moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. This degradation is particularly severe in the mid Atlantic states, in the southeast, and in the Gulf of Mexico. </span></p>\n<p><span>A recent report from the National Research Council entitled “Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reduc- ing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution” concludes that: </span></p>\n<p><span>Nutrient over-enrichment of coastal ecosystems generally triggers ecological changes that decrease the biologi- cal diversity of bays and estuaries. </span></p>\n<p><span>While moderate N enrichment of some coastal waters may increase fish production, over-enrichment generally degrades the marine food web that supports commercially valuable fish. </span></p>\n<p><span>The marked increase in nutrient pollution of coastal waters has been accompanied by an increase in harmful algal blooms, and in at least some cases, pollution has triggered these blooms. </span></p>\n<p><span>High nutrient levels and the changes they cause in water quality and the makeup of the algal community are detrimental to the health of coral reefs and the diversity of animal life supported by seagrass and kelp communi- ties. </span></p>\n<p><span>Research during the past decade confirms that N is the chief culprit in eutrophication and other impacts of nutrient over-enrichment in temperate coastal waters, while P is most problematic in eutrophication of freshwa- ter lakes. </span></p>\n<p><span>Human conversion of atmospheric N into biologically useable forms, principally synthetic inorganic fertilizers, now matches the natural rate of biological N fixation from all the land surfaces of the earth. </span></p>\n<p><span>Both agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels contribute significantly to nonpoint flows of N to coastal waters, either as direct runoff or airborne pollutants. </span></p>\n<p><span>N from animal wastes that leaks directly to surface waters or is volatilized to the atmosphere as ammonia may be the largest single source of N that moves from agricultural operations into coastal waters. </span></p>\n<p><span>The National Research Council report recommended that, as a minimum goal, the nation should work to reverse&nbsp;</span>nutrient should be taken to assure that the 40 percent of coastal areas now ranked as healthy do not develop symptoms of nutrient pollution in 10 percent of its degraded coastal systems by 2010 and 25 percent of them by 2020. Also, action should be taken to assure that the 40 percent of coastal areas now ranked as healthy do not develop symptoms of nutrient pollution.&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>Meeting these goals will require an array of strategies and approaches tailored to specific regions and coastal ecosystems. There is an urgent need for development and testing of techniques that can reliably pinpoint the sources of N pollutants to an estuary. For some coastal systems, N removal during treatment of human sewage may be sufficient to reverse nutrient pollution. For most coastal systems, however, the solutions will be more complex and may involve controls on N compounds emitted during fossil fuel combustion as well as incentives to reduce over-fertilization of agricul- tural fields and nutrient pollution from animal wastes in livestock feedlot operations.&nbsp;</span></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecology Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"1092-8987","usgsCitation":"Howarth, R.W., Anderson, D.B., Cloern, J.E., Elfring, C., Hopkinson, C.S., Lapointe, B., Malone, T., Marcus, N., McGlathery, K., Sharpley, A.N., and Walker, D., 2000, Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas: Issues in Ecology, no. 7, p. 1-16.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western 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York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D. B.","contributorId":118922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elfring, Chris","contributorId":172803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elfring","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkinson, Charles S.","contributorId":139745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkinson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lapointe, Brian","contributorId":172804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapointe","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malone, Tom","contributorId":189874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marcus, Nancy","contributorId":172805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcus","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGlathery, Karen","contributorId":36057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlathery","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sharpley, Andrew N.","contributorId":189875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Walker, Dan","contributorId":189876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":44843,"text":"wri974054C - 2000 - Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:35:12.887933","indexId":"wri974054C","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4054","chapter":"C","title":"Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is a carbonate deposit of Ordovician age, composed of the Galena and Platteville Groups in Illinois and the Sinnippee Group in Wisconsin. It is the uppermost bedrock unit (subcrop) in most of northern Illinois and southern and eastern Wisconsin. The subcrop area is shaded in figure 1 of sheet 1 (Batten and others, 1997). The unit is predominately dolomite, with limestone in some areas, and has a weathered surface. Across the subcrop area, the hydrologic characteristics of the bedrock unit vary substantially. The bedrock unit may be either a confining unit or an aquifer. In areas where the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is an aquifer, the unit is a dependable source of water for many private wells and some municipal-water-supply systems. Ground water in the Galena-Platteville bedrock aquifer is susceptible to contamination because the bedrock unit is near land surface in much of the study area, and the fractures in the unit allow rapid movement of water providing limited capacity to attenuate contaminants. The subcrop (study) area covers approximately 7,850 square miles in northern Illinois and Wisconsin. In the study area, volatile organic compounds and other contaminants have been detected in the aquifer at various sites (Mills, 1993; Kay and others, 1994). Many sources of contaminants, including landfills and industrial facilities, are known or suspected. In order to determine the possible effects of contamination on the ground-water supply, an understanding of the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit is needed. </span></p>\n<p><span>Published and unpublished map and point data describing the geologic properties of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit are available from many sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), has selected and compiled a large portion of the available data to create computer data bases and maps. The objective of this effort is to compile and publish these data in a series of reports (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Reports (WRIR) 974054-A, WRIR 97-4054-B, WRIR 97-4054-C). This is the third in that series of reports. The report describes the altitude, thickness, and depth from land surface of the subcrop area of the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit.</span></p>\n<p><span>The report series will enable investigators involved in site-specific studies within the subcrop area to understand the regional geologic framework of the unit and to find additional reference sources. This report consists of four sheets that show the altitude (sheet 1), depth from land surface (sheet 2), total thickness (sheet 3), and location of altitude data (sheet 4) of the lithologic units that constitute the Galena-Platteville bedrock unit within the subcrop area. The sheets also show major known geologic features within the Galena-Platteville study area in Illinois and Wisconsin. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to generate data layers (coverages) from point data and from published and unpublished contour maps at various scales and detail. Standard GIS procedures were used to change the coverages into the maps shown on the sheets presented in this report. A list of references for the data used to prepare the maps is provided.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974054C","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.A., Dunning, C., and Sharpe, J.B., 2000, Altitude, depth, and thickness of the Galena-Platteville Bedrock Unit in the subcrop area of Illinois and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4054, 4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974054C.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 34.00 x 47.77 inches smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413561,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25885.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82198,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4054c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              45.1433047394883\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              45.1433047394883\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.51708984375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              41.53325414281322\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Timothy A.","contributorId":18016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27140,"text":"wri20004131 - 2000 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:09:19","indexId":"wri20004131","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4131","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98","docAbstract":"<p>The surficial sand and gravel aquifer is susceptible to effects from land-use in the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The purpose of this report is to describe the ground-water quality and the assessment of how different land-uses affect the shallow ground-water quality in the surficial sand and gravel aquifer. Ground-water quality was compared in three different land-use areas; an urban residential/commercial area on the edge of the Anoka Sand Plain in a portion of the Twin Cities metropolitan area (urban study), an intensive agricultural area in the Anoka Sand Plain (agricultural study), and a forested area in the Bemidji-Bagley Sand Plain (forested study). Ground water was sampled and analyzed for about 200 constituents, including physical parameters, major ions, selected trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, selected pesticides, selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tritium. The urban study wells were sampled during June and July 1996. The agricultural study wells were sampled during May and September 1998. The forested study wells were sampled during June 1998.</p>\n<p>The depth to water below the land surface generally was less than 20 ft in all three land-use studies. The median pH value in the urban study was 7.2, with medians in the agricultural and forested studies at 7.4 and 7.5, respectively. The median specific conductance was significantly greater in the urban study than in the agricultural and forested studies (914, 553, and 487 &micro;S/cm respectively). The median dissolved oxygen concentration in the urban study (0.9 mg/L) was significantly less than the median in the agricultural or forested studies (5.3 and 2.3 mg/L respectively). Alkalinities in the agricultural study, with a median of 178 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>, were significantly less than medians in the urban or forested studies (261 and 246 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>, respectively).</p>\n<p>The water composition in the surficial aquifer in all three land-use studies is dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Sulfate and chloride concentrations in water samples were significantly greater in the urban study than in the agricultural or forested studies, and concentrations in the forested study were least. Most of the water samples in all three land-use studies were very hard (greater than 180 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>).</p>\n<p>Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were greatest in the agricultural study, in which 38 percent of water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s maximum contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate-nitrogen. Nitrate-nitrogen was greater than the MCL in 3 percent of urban study samples. None of the forested study samples exceeded the MCL for nitrate-nitrogen. Concentrations of phosphorus generally were less than 0.05 mg/ L, with no significant differences between the land-uses.</p>\n<p>A total of 19 pesticides were detected in water samples from one or more land-use study wells, with 11 pesticides detected in the urban study, 14 detected in the agricultural study, and 4 detected in the forested study. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and simazine were the only pesticides detected in all three land-use studies. A significantly greater percentage of pesticide detections were present in water samples from the agricultural study than from the urban or forested studies (86.2, 56.7, and 46.7 percent, respectively). Prometon was the most frequently detected pesticide in the urban study. Atrazine and deethylatrazine were the most frequently detected pesticides in the agricultural and forested studies.</p>\n<p>Twenty-one VOCs were detected in water samples from one or more land-use study wells, with 19 detected in the urban study, 7 detected in the agricultural study, and none detected in the forested study. Chloromethane, trichloromethane, methylbenzene, trichlorofluoromethane, and benzene were all detected in both the urban and agricultural studies. A significantly greater percentage of VOC detections were present in water samples from the urban study than from the agricultural study (90 and 50 percent, respectively). Carbon disulfide was the most frequently detected VOC in the urban study. The compound 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl benzene was the most frequently detected VOC in the agricultural study.</p>\n<p>Tritium concentrations indicate that the water in the surficial sand and gravel aquifer has been recharged since 1953. Median tritium concentrations ranged from 11.6 to 12.8 tritium units. No significant difference in tritium concentrations was present between the three land-use studies.</p>\n<p>Comparisons of previous land-use studies in Minnesota with the three NAWQA land-use studies generally indicated the same patterns. Ground-water quality in surficial sand and gravel aquifers is affected by land-use practices. Ground water in urban studies has greater specific conductances, alkalinities, chloride, sodium, sulfate, and dissolved solid concentrations than agricultural or forested/undeveloped studies. Nitrate-nitrogen was detected in greater concentrations in agricultural studies than in urban studies, with concentrations in the forested/undeveloped studies less than in the agricultural or the urban studies. Agricultural studies have the greatest detection rates, numbers, and total concentrations of pesticides. Pesticide detection rates and total pesticide concentrations in the urban studies were less than in the agricultural studies, with the most frequently detected pesticides (prometon and dicamba) different than those in the agricultural studies (atrazine and deethylatrazine). A greater number of VOCs were detected in urban studies and at greater concentrations than in agricultural studies. Few pesticides or VOCs were detected in forested/undeveloped studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004131","usgsCitation":"Fong, A.L., 2000, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4131, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004131.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":25821,"text":"wri20004107 - 2000 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:26:44","indexId":"wri20004107","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4107","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The quality of shallow ground water in a 75-mi<sup>2</sup> agricultural area of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer in central Minnesota is described as part of the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program - a national-scale assessment of the quality of water resources within large study units in various hydrologic settings. Data were collected during 1998 from 29 wells completed in the aquifer, which predominantly consists of surficial glacial sand and gravel sediments.</p>\n<p>The depth below land surface to the water table ranged from 3.3 to 44 ft (median of 15.5 ft). Ground water was of the calciummagnesium bicarbonate type. Ionic constituents also included sodium, sulfate, and chloride. Iron and manganese concentrations generally were not greater than their U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (300 and 50 ug/L, respectively).</p>\n<p>About 38 percent of 29 samples had nitrate-N (nitrogen) concentrations greater than the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L. About 72 percent of the samples had nitrate-N concentrations greater than the presumed natural background level of 3 mg/L. The maximum nitrate-N concentration was 47 mg/L. The median nitrate-N concentration of 7.1 mg/L, although not greater than the MCL, exceeded the natural background level. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicate that the sources of nitrate were commercial fertilizer and soil organic matter. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus and orthophosphate were generally less than 1 mg/L.</p>\n<p>About 86 percent of 29 samples had detectable concentrations of at least 1 of 13 pesticide compounds. The samples were analyzed for 83 pesticide compounds. Frequencies of detection of these compounds were: deethylatrazine-79 percent; atrazine-76 percent; metolachlor-41 percent; metribuzin and bentazon-21 percent; prometon-10 percent; tebuthiuron-7 percent; and alachlor, 2,6-diethylaniline, dicamba, dinoseb, malathion, and simazine-3 percent. The detected pesticide compounds had concentrations less than 1 ug/L. Detected compounds with USEPA MCLs (atrazine, bentazon, alachlor, dinoseb, and simazine) had concentrations less than their respective MCLs.</p>\n<p>About 50 percent of 20 samples analyzed for 86 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) had detectable concentrations of at least 1 of 7 VOCs. Frequencies of detection of these 7 VOCs were: 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene-40 percent; and trichlorofluoromethane, styrene, chloromethane, benzene, methylbenzene, and trichloromethane-5 percent. The detected VOCs had concentrations less than 0.120 ug/L. Detected VOCs with USEPA MCLs - styrene, benzene, methylbenzene, and trichloromethane - were present at concentrations 2-4 orders of magnitude less than their respective MCLs.</p>\n<p>Tritium concentrations had a range of from 7.5 to 18.8 tritium units (TUs) and a median of 12.5 TUs. These concentrations indicate that the ground water predominantly recharged after testing of thermonuclear weapons during the early 1950's.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004107","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., Fong, A.L., Hanson, P.E., and Andrews, W.J., 2000, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in an agricultural area of Sherburne County, Minnesota, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4107, vii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004107.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-4107.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Sherburne County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,45.25 ], [ -94,45.5 ], [ -93.58333333333333,45.5 ], [ -93.58333333333333,45.25 ], [ -94,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, James F.","contributorId":103322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, Alison L.","contributorId":78366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Paul E.","contributorId":85167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24107,"text":"ofr2000499 - 2000 - Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr2000499","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-499","title":"Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Simple, cost-effective techniques are needed for land\r\nmanagers to assess the environmental impacts of oil and gas\r\nproduction activities on public lands so that sites may be\r\nprioritized for further, more formal assessment or remediation.\r\nThese techniques should allow the field investigator to extend\r\nthe assessment beyond the surface disturbances documented by\r\nsimple observation and mapping using field-portable instruments\r\nand expendable materials that provide real-time data. The\r\nprincipal contaminants of current concern are hydrocarbons,\r\nproduced water, and naturally occurring radioactive materials\r\n(NORM). Field investigators can examine sites for the impacts\r\nof hydrocarbon releases using a photoionization detector (PID)\r\nand a soil auger. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) in soil gases\r\nin an open auger hole or in the head space of a bagged and\r\ngently warmed auger soil sample can be measured by the PID.\r\nThis allows detection of hydrocarbon movement in the shallow\r\nsubsurface away from areas of obvious oil-stained soils or oil\r\nin pits at a production site. Similarly, a field conductivity\r\nmeter and chloride titration strips can be used to measure salts\r\nin water and soil samples at distances well beyond areas of\r\nsurface salt scarring. Use of a soil auger allows detection of\r\nsaline subsoils in areas where salts may be flushed from the\r\nsurface soil layers. Finally, a microRmeter detects the\r\npresence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in\r\nequipment and soils. NORM often goes undetected at many sites\r\nalthough regulations limiting NORM in equipment and soils are\r\nbeing promulgated in several States and are being considered by\r\nthe USEPA. With each technique, background sampling should be\r\ndone for comparison with impacted areas.\r\nThe authors examined sites in the Big South Fork National\r\nRiver and Recreation Area in November of 1999. A pit at one\r\nsite at the edge of the flood plain of a small stream had\r\nreceived crude oil releases from a nearby tank. Auger holes\r\ndown gradient from the pit showed the presence of anomalous\r\nconcentrations of VOCs at depths of 3 feet for a distance of\r\nabout 50 feet. PID readings at other sites showed 1) one\r\nreclaimed site where hydrocarbon biodegradation was incomplete;\r\n2) one reclaimed site where biodegradation had left no traces of\r\nVOCS; and 3) two sites where traces of substantial offsite\r\nmigration of hydrocarbons occurred. Produced water salts at one\r\nsite have migrated many 100s of feet downvalley from the area of\r\nsalt scarring and tree death adjacent to the pits. Naturally\r\noccurring radioactivity (NORM) at most sites was at background.\r\nOne site showed anomalous radioactivity related to NORM in a small brine pit. Some of this NORM has moved downslope from the\r\noutlet pipe to the pit.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000499","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000, Simple Techniques For Assessing Impacts Of Oil And Gas Operations On Federal Lands - A Field Evaluation At Big South Fork National River And Recreation Area, Scott County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-499, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000499.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-499/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3a0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}