{"pageNumber":"431","pageRowStart":"10750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70174589,"text":"70174589 - 1995 - A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:17:32","indexId":"70174589","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows","docAbstract":"<p><span>A two-level model of the residual circulation and tidally-averaged salinity in San Francisco Bay has been developed in order to interpret long-term (days to decades) salinity variability in the Bay. Applications of the model to biogeochemical studies are also envisaged. The model has been used to simulate daily-averaged salinity in the upper and lower levels of a 51-segment discretization of the Bay over the 22-y period 1967&ndash;1988. Observed, monthly-averaged surface salinity data and monthly averages of the daily-simulated salinity are in reasonable agreement, both near the Golden Gate and in the upper reaches, close to the delta. Agreement is less satisfactory in the central reaches of North Bay, in the vicinity of Carquinez Strait. Comparison of daily-averaged data at Station 5 (Pittsburg, in the upper North Bay) with modeled data indicates close agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 for the 4110 daily values. The model successfully simulates the marked seasonal variability in salinity as well as the effects of rapidly changing freshwater inflows. Salinity variability is driven primarily by freshwater inflow. The sensitivity of the modeled salinity to variations in the longitudinal mixing coefficients is investigated. The modeled salinity is relatively insensitive to the calibration factor for vertical mixing and relatively sensitive to the calibration factor for longitudinal mixing. The optimum value of the longitudinal calibration factor is 1.1, compared with the physically-based value of 1.0. Linear time-series analysis indicates that the observed and dynamically-modeled salinity-inflow responses are in good agreement in the lower reaches of the Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0160-4120(95)00075-V","usgsCitation":"Uncles, R., and Peterson, D.H., 1995, A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows: Environment International, v. 21, no. 5, p. 647-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00075-V.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"656","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bea63788c864113890cdbb00b337246","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              38.23170796744926\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              38.23170796744926\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662ce4b0d27deb36e16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uncles, R.J.","contributorId":33468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uncles","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174715,"text":"70174715 - 1995 - Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:02:49","indexId":"70174715","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries are transitional ecosystems at the interface of the terrestrial and marine realms. Their unique physiographic position gives rise to large spatial variability, and to dynamic temporal variability resulting, in part, from a variety of forces and fluxes at the oceanic and terrestrial boundaries. River flow, in particular, is an important mechanism for delivering watershed-derived materials such as fresh water, sediments, and nutrients; each of these quantities in turn directly influences the physical structure and biological communities of estuaries. With this setting in mind, we consider here the general proposition that estuarine variability at the yearly time scale can be caused by annual fluctuations in river flow. We use a “long-term” (15-year) time series of phytoplankton biomass variability in South San Francisco Bay (SSFB), a lagoon-type estuary in which phytoplankton primary production is the largest source of organic carbon (</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">Jassby et al. 1993</span><span>).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological time","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A.D., 1995, Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological time, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35610961914062,\n              37.81629348024509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30255126953126,\n              37.8271414168374\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              37.79893346559687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703125,\n              37.792422407988575\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21466064453125,\n              37.763115548102924\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18582153320312,\n              37.69577435330179\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14462280273436,\n              37.61640705577992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13912963867188,\n              37.580500850738936\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09655761718749,\n              37.58811876638322\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05947875976562,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95510864257811,\n              37.47594794878128\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              37.45632796865522\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02102661132814,\n              37.42906945530329\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08831787109375,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13775634765625,\n              37.48575600784828\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33276367187499,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3712158203125,\n              37.606616172899535\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.678386041261184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.70772645289051\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36297607421874,\n              37.73162487017297\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39730834960938,\n              37.77505678240509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c2e4b0d27deb387069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":87315,"text":"87315 - 1995 - The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T15:45:12","indexId":"87315","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The California desert: An Introduction to natural resources and man's Impact","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"J. Latting Books","publisherLocation":"Riverside, CA","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., Rado, T., and Mack, P., 1995, The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management, chap. <i>of</i> The California desert: An Introduction to natural resources and man's Impact, p. 513-567.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"567","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681b9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Latting, J.L.","contributorId":111546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latting","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowlands, P.G.","contributorId":113182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowlands","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504961,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rado, T.A.","contributorId":79420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rado","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, P.D.","contributorId":36882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196001,"text":"70196001 - 1995 - Hydrological processes and the water budget of lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:37:13","indexId":"70196001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrological processes and the water budget of lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lakes interact with all components of the hydrological system: atmospheric water, surface water, and groundwater. The fluxes of water to and from lakes with regard to each of these components represent the water budget of a lake. Mathematically, the concept of a water budget is deceptively simple: income equals outgo, plus or minus change in storage. In practice, however, measuring the water fluxes to and from lakes accurately is not simple, because understanding of the various hydrological processes and the ability to measure the various hydrological components are limited.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and chemistry of lakes","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-85132-2_2","isbn":"978-3-642-85134-6","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1995, Hydrological processes and the water budget of lakes, chap. <i>of</i> Physics and chemistry of lakes, p. 37-62, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85132-2_2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff20d0e4b0da30c1bfd5e1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lerman, Abraham","contributorId":203297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerman","given":"Abraham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imboden, Dieter M.","contributorId":203298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Imboden","given":"Dieter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gat, Joel R.","contributorId":190595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gat","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019076,"text":"70019076 - 1995 - Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:43:51","indexId":"70019076","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California","docAbstract":"<p>The transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides were examined in the San Francisco Estuary, California, by measuring dissolved- pesticide concentrations and estimating toxicity using bioassays at a series of sites in January and February 1993. Distinct pulses of pesticides, including diazinon, methidathion, and chlorpyrifos, were detected in the San Joaquin River in January and February and in the Sacramento River in February following rainfall. The higher pesticide loads in the Sacramento River compared with those in the San Joaquin River can be attributed to the greater amount of rainfall in the Sacramento Valley. The use patterns and water solubility of the pesticides can account for the observed temporal and spatial distributions in the two rivers. The pesticide pulses detected at Sacramento were followed through the northern embayment of San Francisco Estuary. In contrast, the pesticide distribution in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta changed from distinct pulses to steady increases in concentration over time. Seven-day bioassays indicated that Sacramento River water at Rio Vista was acutely toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea) for 3 consecutive d and San Joaquin River water at Vernalis for 12 consecutive d. These water samples all had the highest diazinon concentrations. Examination of 96-h LC50 values (lethal concentration that kills 50% of test organisms in 96 H) indicates that measured diazinon concentrations could account for most but not all the observed toxicity. Other pesticides present could contribute to the toxicity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620140704","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Foe, C., 1995, Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1141-1150, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140704.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9a1e4b0c8380cd4d6d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foe, C.G.","contributorId":71329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foe","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019022,"text":"70019022 - 1995 - Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:17:28","indexId":"70019022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Condensate samples were collected in 1992 from a high-temperature (300° C) fumarole on the floor of the Halemaumau Pit Crater at Kilauea. The emergence about two years earlier of such a hot fumarole was unprecedented at such a central location at Kilauea. The condensates have hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions which indicate that the waters emitted by the fumarole are composed largely of meteoric water, that any magmatic water component must be minor, and that the precipitation that was the original source to the fumarole fell on a recharge area on the slopes of Mauna Loa Volcano to the west. However, the fumarole has no tritium, indicating that it taps a source of water that has been isolated from atmospheric water for at least 40 years. It is noteworthy, considering the unstable tectonic environment and abundant local rainfall of the Kilauea and Mauna Loa regions, that waters which are sources to the hot fumarole remain uncontaminated from atmospheric sources over such long times and long transport distances. As for the common, boiling point fumaroles of the Kilauea summit region, their&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, D and tritium concentrations indicate that they are dominated by recycling of present day meteoric water. Though the waters of both hot and boiling point fumaroles have dominantly meteoric sources, they seem to be from separate hydrological regimes. Large concentrations of halogens and sulfur species in the condensates, together with the location at the center of the Kilauea summit region and the high temperature, initially suggested that much of the total mass of the emissions of the hot fumarole, including the H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, might have come directly from a magma body. The results of the present study indicate that it is unreliable to infer a magmatic origin of volcanic waters based solely on halogen or sulfur contents, or other aspects of chemical composition of total condensates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00298706","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., Quick, J.E., Gregory, R.T., and Gerlach, T., 1995, Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of waters from fumaroles at Kilauea summit, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 44-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298706.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298706"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea summit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.44296062654318\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30393600463867,\n              19.39050559875186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3347e4b0c8380cd5ee99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, R. T.","contributorId":101394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018918,"text":"70018918 - 1995 - Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:06:48","indexId":"70018918","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium","docAbstract":"<p>In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) determined the distribution of pesticides in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern USA to be much more widespread than originally determined during a 1991 USGS study. The frequency of pesticide detection increased from 28.4% during the 1991 study to 59.0% during the 1992 study. This increase in pesticide detection was primarily the result of a more sensitive analytical method that used reporting limits as much as 20 times lower than previously available and a threefold increase in the number of pesticide metabolites analyzed. No pesticide concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPAs) maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water. However, five of the six most frequently detected compounds during 1992 were pesticide metabolites that currently do not have drinking water standards determined. The frequent presence of pesticide metabolites for this study documents the importance of obtaining information on these compounds to understand the fate and transport of pesticides in the hydrologic system. It appears that the 56 parent compounds analyzed follow similar pathways through the hydrologic system as atrazine. When atrazine was detected by routine or sensitive analytical methods, there was an increased likelihood of detecting additional parent compounds. As expected, the frequency of pesticide detection was highly dependent on the analytical reporting limit. The number of atrazine detections more than doubled as the reporting limit decreased from 0.10 to 0.01 &micro;g/L. The 1992 data provided no indication that the frequency of pesticide detection would level off as improved analytical methods provide concentrations below 0.003 &micro;g/L. A relation was determined between groundwater age and the frequency of pesticide detection, with 15.8% of the samples composed of pre-1953 water and 70.3% of the samples of post-1953 water having a detection of at least one pesticide or metabolite. Pre-1953 water is less likely to contain pesticides because it tends to predate the use of pesticides to increase crop production in the Midwest. Pre-1953 water was more likely to occur in the near-surface bedrock aquifers (50.0%) than in the near-surface unconsolidated aquifers (9.1%) sampled.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060011x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E., 1995, Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1125-1132, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060011x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7757e4b0c8380cd7848b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019621,"text":"70019621 - 1995 - Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:53:31.585082","indexId":"70019621","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","docAbstract":"<p>The selenate-respiring bacterial strain SES-3 was able to use a variety of inorganic electron acceptors to sustain growth. SES-3 grew with the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, Fe(III) to Fe(II), or thiosulfate to sulfide. It also grew in medium in which elemental sulfur, Mn(IV), nitrite, trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide, or fumarate was provided as an electron acceptor. Growth on oxygen was microaerophilic. There was no growth with arsenite or chromate. Washed suspensions of cells grown on selenate or nitrate had a constitutive ability to reduce arsenate but were unable to reduce arsenite. These results suggest that strain SES-3 may occupy a niche as an environmental opportunist by being able to take advantage of a diversity of electron acceptors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Laverman, A., Blum, J., Schaefer, J., Phillips, E.J., Lovley, D.R., and Oremland, R., 1995, Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 10, p. 3556-3561, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3556","endPage":"3561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dfbe4b0c8380cd5c1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laverman, A.M.","contributorId":8238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laverman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018916,"text":"70018916 - 1995 - Hydrochemical processes during snowmelt in a subalpine watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018916","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1008,"text":"Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical processes during snowmelt in a subalpine watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Snowmelt is the primary hydrologic event in the studied subalpine watershed, generating streamflow for 3 months from a 1-month snowmelt period which commenced in mid-April 1992 and mid-May 1993. The melting rate of the snowpack varied diurnally and was asymmetrical, increasing rapidly to a maximum at the onset of daily melt followed by an attenuated decrease. Streamflow varied diurnally, displaying a similar pattern to that of snowmelt, but variations were much less marked. Groundwater levels also varied diurnally, but were more attenuated than that of streamflow, and the time of daily maximum coincided with the streamflow maximum, whereas the snowmelt maximum preceded them. The major ions in meltwater were preferentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by calcium, sulfate, and nitrate. The concentration decreases observed in snowmelt are partially reflected in stream water. Groundwater was dominated by calcium and generally bicarbonate. Concentrations of weathering products (silica, alkalinity, and base cations) increased down gradient, consistent with an increase in water residence time. A watershed mass balance for 1992 and 1993 indicates that (1) a major percentage of the primarily atmospherically derived N-species are retained by the watershed, (2) the watershed is the major source of base cations and silica, and (3) for the 2 year combined, atmospheric deposition balances stream water transport of sulfate and chloride.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Leavesley, G., 1995, Hydrochemical processes during snowmelt in a subalpine watershed, Colorado, USA: Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 228, p. 313-319.","startPage":"313","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3331e4b0c8380cd5ede1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019082,"text":"70019082 - 1995 - Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T08:17:32","indexId":"70019082","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Although there have been recent significant gains in our understanding of mercury (Hg) cycling in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed Hg cycling on a watershed scale in particular, attention to Hg species transfer between watershed components (upland soils, groundwater, wetlands, streams, and lakes) has been lacking. This study describes spatial and temporal distributions of total Hg and MeHg among watershed components of the Allequash Creek watershed (northern Wisconsin, USA). Substantial increases in total Hg and MeHg were observed as groundwater discharged through peat to form springs that flow into the stream, or rivulets that drain across the surface of the wetland. This increase was concomitant with increases in DOC. During fall, when the Allequash Creek wetland released a substantial amount of DOC to the stream, a 23 fold increase in total Hg concentrations was observed along the entire length of the stream. Methylmercury, however, did not show a similar response. Substantial variability was observed in total Hg (0.9 to 6.3) and MeHg (<0.02 to 0.33) concentrations during synoptic surveys of the entire creek. For the Allequash Creek watershed, the contributing groundwater basin is about 50% larger than the topographic drainage basin. Total Hg concentrations in groundwater, the area of the groundwater basin, and annual stream flow data give a watershed-yield rate of 12 mg/km2/d, which equates to a retention rate of 96%. The calculated MeHg yield rate for the wetland area is 0.6 to 1.5 mg/km2/d, a value that is 3-6 fold greater than the atmospheric deposition rate.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01189692","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Benoit, J., Babiarz, C., Hurley, J., and Andren, A., 1995, Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 80, no. 1-4, p. 425-433, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01189692.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"433","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189692"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53fce4b0c8380cd6ce4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andren, A.W.","contributorId":49121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018741,"text":"70018741 - 1995 - Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:14:56","indexId":"70018741","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract_block\"><i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was assessed as a biosentinel species in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Uptake of metal in both the laboratory and field showed that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was sufficiently responsive to Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni and V to detect environmental differences in exposure. It was less suitable as an indicator of Cu and Zn contamination. Concentration factors for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were: Ag, 386000; Cd, 50200; Cr, 36600; Cu, 12200; Ni, 5200; and Zn, 115500. Samples were collected from 6 stations throughout the bay at near-monthly intervals from January 1991 to March 1992. Variability within a collection was influenced by gut content and animal size. Other sources of variability were time [coefficient of variation (CV) = 10 to 21%], small-scale spatial variability (within 3 km, CV = 10 to 25%), and large-scale spatial variability (CV = 3.3 to 12.4%). Depuration for 48 h was necessary to mitigate bias from gut content. Precision was improved by analyzing large numbers of individuals (60 to 120) separated into several (5 to 14) composites at each collection and by determining, from regression, the mean and variance for samples with significant correlations between metal concentration and shell length. Repeated monthly sampling increased the accuracy of long-term site characterizations. Temporal variability was small because of drought. The grand means of the concentrations of Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni, and V in the tissues of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at each station for the 15 mo period revealed persistent contamination from industrialized Suisun Bay to the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Demonstration of responsiveness, precision and accuracy should be a prerequisite for the optimal use of biosentinels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps124129","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.L., and Luoma, S., 1995, Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 124, no. 1-3, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps124129.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps124129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9de4b08c986b329c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018948,"text":"70018948 - 1995 - Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:51:29","indexId":"70018948","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The timing of changes in the stage and salinity of Double Lakes of Lynn County, Texas, was estimated using dissolved-chloride profiles across an underlying shale layer. Lake conditions over the past 30 to 50 ka can be inferred from the chloride profiles by using the advective velocity of the pore water through the shale and an appropriate coefficient of molecular diffusion. The profiles suggest that net-evaporative conditions existed over the southern High Plains for the past 50 ka; a period of increasing salinity in the lake began at ∼20 ka and reached current levels at ∼5 ka. In addition, deflationary conditions were present for at least 4 ka, and likely began or were accelerated during the most recent altithermal period at ∼5 ka. This type of lake-brine record may also exist in many other saline lake environments throughout the Great Plains of North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0229:PRFLBO>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Wood, W.W., 1995, Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas: Geology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 229-232, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0229:PRFLBO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f6e4b0c8380cd7735a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":213533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019087,"text":"70019087 - 1995 - Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:20:46","indexId":"70019087","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Chloride was highly concentrated relative to seawater in matrix porewater but was comparatively dilute in macropores. Concentration differences in pore-size classes declined with depth until indistinguishable below 10 cm. The segregated chloride distribution can be explained if recharge to the sediment occurred by downward infiltration in macropores and discharge occurred by an upward flux in matrix pores to satisfy evapotranspiration. Without disturbance by the downward infiltration flux in macropores, upward advection of chloride in matrix pores and evapoconcentration increased chloride concentrations in matrix pores to a level well above the concentration in seawater. The resulting high concentrations of chloride in matrix pores induced a large diffusive efflux of chloride into surface water that was sufficient to balance new input of chloride by infiltration of seawater in macropores (0.085 mmol Cl cm -2 day-1). Transport models that were constrained by water balance measurements at the field site explained both the exponential form of the vertical distribution of chloride in matrix pores and the rate of change in storage of chloride in sediment porewater over a one month period.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Nuttle, W., 1995, Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 109-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a8e4b0c8380cd543ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuttle, W.K.","contributorId":76268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018895,"text":"70018895 - 1995 - Little River revisited - thirty-five years after Hack and Goodlett","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:02:52.872034","indexId":"70018895","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Little River revisited - thirty-five years after Hack and Goodlett","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>In possibly the first detailed study to relate geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrology at a watershed scale, Hack and Goodlett (1960) documented variation in the eastern forest with topograhic positions of cove, side slope, and nose. Runoff identified as convergent, parallel, or divergent, supported forest types, respectively, of northern hardwood, oak, and yellow pine. The study, conducted in the Little River Basin of northwestern Virginia, also described effects on landforms and vegetation of a catastrophic flood that occurred in June, 1949.</p><p>Field investigations, conducted nearly 4 decades later, review selected parts of the study by Hack and Goodlett (1960). Replicate data provide a basis to evaluate interpretations of Hack and Goodlett, to document geomorphic change within the Little River Basin since the 1949 flood, and to identify vegetation change in uplands and bottomlands. Results suggest that change to hillslope landforms has been minor since 1949, but that changes have occurred to the Little River and its tributaries, seemingly during flow events of 1952, 1955, and 1985. Change in areal extent of forest types was not detected. Change in the relative abundances of dominant species may have resulted from 20th-century fire suppression.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(95)00063-B","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., Hupp, C., and Schening, M., 1995, Little River revisited - thirty-five years after Hack and Goodlett: Geomorphology, v. 13, no. 1-4, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00063-B.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48b2e4b0c8380cd6806c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schening, M.R.","contributorId":103707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schening","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018733,"text":"70018733 - 1995 - Preferential flow and segregation of porewater solutes in Wetland sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T19:07:20.649052","indexId":"70018733","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preferential flow and segregation of porewater solutes in Wetland sediment","docAbstract":"Sediment macropores (with effective diameters larger than 100 ??m) comprise 11% of the bulk sediment volume in a tidal freshwater wetland vegetated with Peltandra virginica. In order to determine effects of macroporous sediment structure on solute transport, we conducted a solute tracer experiment in the sediment. The effective transport volume (??eff, the volume of sediment through which solute was transported normalized to sediment bulk volume) was 0.15 cm3 cm-3, which is considerably smaller than the total pore space that is potentially available for transport (porosity of sediment is 0.63 cm3 cm-3). A mean transport time of 13 d was required to flush preferential flow paths in Peltandra hummocks; hydrologic turnover of the volumetrically dominant matrix pores (0.53 cm3 cm-3) was apparently much slower. Based on porewater sampler design and hydrological principles, we suggest that N2-purged tension solution samplers and diffusion equilibrators preferentially sample porewater from macropore and matrix domains, respectively. Dissolved ammonium and orthophosphate concentrations were three-fold higher in matrix pores compared to macropores, which is consistent with our finding that more rapid hydrological flushing occurred in macropores compared to matrix pores. Further evaluation of porewater sampler designs in macroporous sediment is needed to improve studies of hydrologic transport and biogeochemical cycling in wetlands. ?? 1995 Estuarine Research Federation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352377","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Chambers, R., and Hoelscher, J., 1995, Preferential flow and segregation of porewater solutes in Wetland sediment: Estuaries, v. 18, no. 4, p. 568-578, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352377.","startPage":"568","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a821ce4b0c8380cd7b8f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, R.M.","contributorId":31130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoelscher, J.R.","contributorId":57220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoelscher","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018725,"text":"70018725 - 1995 - The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T15:36:50.570876","indexId":"70018725","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists. We know that Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from younger continental crust. Archean magmatism was dominantly bimodal, mafic thoeleiitic plus dacitic, heavy rare earth element depleted, in contrast to the dominantly unimodal, roughly andesitic calc‐alkaline magmatism on younger crust [<i>Taylor and McLennan</i>, 1985;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Condie</i>, 1989]. The problem is whether these compositional differences are primarily due to different mechanisms of crustal extraction from the mantle or to different mechanisms of differentiation and alteration of newly formed continental crust.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95RG00551","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Abbott, D., and Mooney, W.D., 1995, The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 231-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00551.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95rg00551","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb093e4b08c986b324f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, D.","contributorId":96031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018958,"text":"70018958 - 1995 - Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:39:38","indexId":"70018958","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Yucatan Peninsula is a coastal plain underlain by permeable limestone and receives abundant rainfall. Such hydrogeologic conditions should provide major supplies of water; however, factors of climate and hydrogeology have combined to form a hydrologic system with chemical boundaries that limits the amount of fresh water available. Management of water resources has long had a major influence on the cultural and economic development of the Yucatan. The Mayan culture of the northern Yucatan developed on extensive use of groundwater. The religion was water oriented and the Mayan priests prayed to Chac, the water god, for assistance in water management, primarily to decrease the severity of droughts. The Spaniards arrived in 1517 and augmented the supply by digging wells, which remained the common practice for more than 300 years. Many wells now have been abandoned because of serious problems of pollution. A historical perspective of a paper such as this provides insight into the attitudes concerning water of early people and perhaps provides insight into current attitudes concerning water. Hydrogeologists possess the expertise to generate relevant information required by water managers to arrive at management programs to achieve sustainable development. ?? 1995 Springer-Verlag.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00766752","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1995, Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico: Environmental Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766752.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766752"}],"country":"Mexico ","otherGeospatial":"Yucatan Peninsula ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              22.471954507739227\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              22.471954507739227\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc854e4b08c986b32c8ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018943,"text":"70018943 - 1995 - Interpretation of prematurely terminated air-pressurized slug tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T07:40:11","indexId":"70018943","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of prematurely terminated air-pressurized slug tests","docAbstract":"An air-pressurized slug test consists of applying a constant pressure to the column of air in a well, monitoring the declining water level, and then releasing the air pressure and monitoring the recovering water level. Such tests offer a means of estimating formation transmissivity and storativity without extensive downhole equipment and the associated safety risks. This paper analyzes data from prematurely terminated tests. A solution to the boundary-value problem for the declining and recovering water level during an air-pressurized slug test is developed for an arbitrary time-dependent air pressure applied to the well. Type curves are generated to estimate formation transmissivity and storativity from the recovering water level associated with prematurely, terminated tests. The application of the type curves is illustrated in a series of actual tests.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00308.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., and Greene, E.A., 1995, Interpretation of prematurely terminated air-pressurized slug tests: Ground Water, v. 33, no. 4, p. 539-546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00308.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"546","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d7be4b0c8380cd635e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018729,"text":"70018729 - 1995 - Pb2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by a natural aluminum- and iron-bearing surface coating on an aquifer sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:41:42","indexId":"70018729","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by a natural aluminum- and iron-bearing surface coating on an aquifer sand","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption was studied in batch experiments with material collected from a shallow, unconfined aquifer of glacial outwash sand and gravel in Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA. The aquifer solids contain primarily quartz (95% w/w), with minor amounts of alkali feldspars and ferromagnetic minerals. Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption experiments with various grain size and mineral fractions of the aquifer solids showed that (1) Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption was independent of grain size, but Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was preferentially adsorbed by the &lt;64 μm size fraction and (2) Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption decreased after removal of the paramagnetic, Fe-bearing mineral fraction, but Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption was unaffected. Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Zn<sup>2+</sup>adsorption on mineral separates from the aquifer material compared with metal adsorption on a purified quartz powder indicated that adsorption of both metal ions was dominated by coatings on the quartz fraction of the sediment. Characterization of the coatings by AES, SEM-EDS, and TOF-SIMS demonstrated that the natural quartz grains were extensively coated with Al- and Fe-bearing minerals of variable composition. Thin sections of quartz grains examined by TEM showed that the coatings contained both polycrystalline regions and single mineral crystals. The coating thickness varied from &lt;10 nm up to 30 μm. The coatings were mostly resistant to dissolution by an extraction protocol designed to dissolve noncrystalline phases. The effect on metal adsorption of dissolving surface coatings from the sediment by chemical extraction was also measured. A hydroxylamine-HC] extraction designed to dissolve crystalline Fe oxide phases decreased Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Zn<sup>2+</sup>adsorption relative to untreated sediment (extracted Fe/Al ∼ 1), but Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption were not appreciably changed after sediment was extracted with dithionite-citrate (extracted Fe/Al ∼ 5). Overall, the results suggest that Pb<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>preferred to form complexes with iron hydroxyl sites, while aluminol sites were more important for Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption. However, a definitive understanding of adsorption reactions in groundwaters will require detailed studies of the extensive coatings formed at mineral-water interfaces by chemical weathering processes.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00231-N","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Coston, J., Fuller, C.C., and Davis, J., 1995, Pb2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by a natural aluminum- and iron-bearing surface coating on an aquifer sand: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 17, p. 3535-3547, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00231-N.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3535","endPage":"3547","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00231-N"}],"volume":"59","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7602e4b0c8380cd77e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018827,"text":"70018827 - 1995 - The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:15:43","indexId":"70018827","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica","docAbstract":"Comparison of the chemical characteristics of spring and river water draining the flanks of Poas Volcano, Costa Rica indicates that acid chloride sulfate springs of the northwestern flank of the volcano are derived by leakage and mixing of acid brines formed in the summit hydrothermal system with dilute flank groundwater. Acid chloride sulfate waters of the Rio Agrio drainage basin on the northwestern flank are the only waters on Poas that are affected by leakage of acid brines from the summit hydrothermal system. Acid sulfate waters found on the northwestern flank are produced by the interaction of surface and shallow groundwater with dry and wet acid deposition of SO2 and H2SO4 aerosols, respectively. The acid deposition is caused by a plume of acid gases that is released by a shallow magma body located beneath the active crater of Poas. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G., Brantley, S., Fernandez, J., and Borgia, A., 1995, The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 233-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V.","startPage":"233","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269362,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa27e4b08c986b32272a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":54242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, J.F.","contributorId":84089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borgia, A.","contributorId":84090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borgia","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019083,"text":"70019083 - 1995 - Relation between stream-water quality and geohydrology during base-flow conditions, Roberts creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T15:55:44","indexId":"70019083","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation between stream-water quality and geohydrology during base-flow conditions, Roberts creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation to determine the relation between stream water quality and geohydrology in the Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa, was conducted during selected base-flow periods in 1988-90. Discharge measurements were made and water samples collected for analyses of nutrients and selected herbicides in 19 subbasins along the main stem and tributaries of Roberts Creek. The areal extent of unconsolidated and bedrock units subcropping in each subbasin was quantified. The hydrologic data were correlated statistically with the geologic data to determine relations. Roberts Creek generally gained water and had larger nitrogen concentrations in subbasins in which loess and alluvial material were underlain primarily by low-permeability till and shale units. Roberts Creek generally lost water and had lower nitrate concentrations in subbasins with subcropping karstic units. Nitrogen concentrations decreased in streams underlain by the karstic units because the nitrogen removed by biological processes was not replaced by ground-water inflow. Seepage from Roberts Creek to ground water in areas of subcropping karstic carbonate rocks reduced the flow, which reduced the velocity, causing increased residence time of water in the stream. The additional residence time may allow additional time for biological processes to remove nitrogen from solution. There was no significant relation between dissolved orthophosphate or atrazine and the underlying geology.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03387.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1995, Relation between stream-water quality and geohydrology during base-flow conditions, Roberts creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 593-604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03387.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","otherGeospatial":"Roberts Creek watershed","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a648e4b0e8fec6cdc166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018857,"text":"70018857 - 1995 - Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:41:59","indexId":"70018857","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments","docAbstract":"<p>The chemistry and bioavailability of Ag contribute to its high toxicity in marine and estuarine waters. Silver is unusual, in that both the dominant speciation reaction in seawater and the processes important in sorbing Ag in sediments favour enhanced bioavailability. Formation of a stable chloro complex favours dispersal of dissolved Ag, and the abundant chloro complex is available to biota. Sequestration by sediments also occurs, but with relatively slow kinetics. Amorphous aggregated coatings enhance Ag accumulation in sediments, as well as Ag uptake from sediments by deposit feeders. In estuaries, the bioaccumulation of Ag increases 56-fold with each unit of increased Ag concentration in sediments. Toxicity for sensitive marine species occurs at absolute concentrations as low as those observed for any nonalkylated metal, partly because bioaccumulation increases so steeply with contamination. The environmental window of tolerance to Ag in estuaries could be narrower than for many elements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Ho, Y., and Bryan, G., 1995, Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1-3, p. 44-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W"},{"id":226935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f15e4b0c8380cd5375a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, Y.B.","contributorId":27208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, G.W.","contributorId":84402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018887,"text":"70018887 - 1995 - Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:17:11","indexId":"70018887","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams is governed by a suite of hydrologic and chemical processes. Interactions between hydrologic processes and chemical reactions may be quantified through a combination of field-scale experimentation and simulation modeling. Two mathematical models that simulate conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams are presented. A model for conservative solutes that considers One Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) may be used in conjunction with tracer-dilution methods to quantify hydrologic transport processes (advection, dispersion, lateral inflow and transient storage). For nonconservative solutes, a model known as OTEQ may be used to quantify chemical processes within the context of hydrologic transport. OTEQ combines the transport mechanisms in OTIS with a chemical equilibrium sub-model that considers complexation, precipitation/dissolution and sorption. OTEQ has been used to quantify processes affecting trace metals in two streams in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., 1995, Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 153-159.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/OTIS/addl/misc/iahs_226_0153.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8febe4b08c986b31920b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019031,"text":"70019031 - 1995 - Determination of water retention in stratified porous materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:53:41","indexId":"70019031","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of water retention in stratified porous materials","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Predicted and measured water-retention values,<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>), were compared for repacked, stratified core samples consisting of either a sand with a stone-bearing layer or a sand with a clay loam layer in various spatial orientations. Stratified core samples were packed in submersible pressure outflow cells, then water-retention measurements were performed between matric potentials,<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>, of 0 to -100 kPa. Predictions of<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>) were based on a simple volume-averaging model using estimates of the relative fraction and<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>) values of each textural component within a stratified sample. In general, predicted<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>) curves resembled measured curves well, except at higher saturations in a sample consisting of a clay loam layer over a sand layer. In this case, the model averaged the air-entry of both materials, while the air-entry of the sample was controlled by the clay loam in contact with the cell's air-pressure inlet. In situ, avenues for air-entry generally exist around clay layers, so that the model should adequately predict air-entry for stratified formations regardless of spatial orientation of fine versus coarse layers. Agreement between measured and predicted volumetric water contents,<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>, was variable though encouraging, with mean differences between measured and predicted<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values in the range of 10%. Differences in<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of this magnitude are expected due to variability in pore structure between samples, and do not indicate inherent problems with the volume averaging model. This suggets that explicit modeling of stratified formations through detailed characterization of the stratigraphy has the potential of yielding accurate<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">θ</i>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i>) values. However, hydraulic-equilibration times were distinctly different for each variation in spatial orientation of textural layering, indicating that transient behavior during drainage in stratified formations is highly sensitive to the stratigraphic sequence of textural components, as well as the volume fraction of each textural component in a formation. This indicates that prolonged residence times of water, nutrients, and pollutants are likely within finer-textured layers, when<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">ψ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>conditions have resulted in drainage of underlying coarser-textured strata.</p>","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer ","doi":"10.1007/BF00616932","issn":"01693913","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1995, Determination of water retention in stratified porous materials: Transport in Porous Media, v. 18, no. 3, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00616932.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616932"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe8e4b0c8380cd4f47f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018807,"text":"70018807 - 1995 - Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:57:01.195032","indexId":"70018807","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"In an intensive subcontimental study of pesticides in surface waters of the United States, concentrations of 26 high-use pesticides were measured at nine sites in the Mississippi River basin from May 1991 through March 1992. Calculated total fluxes were combined with agricultural-use data to estimate the percentage of applied pesticide reaching the mouths of the Mississippi River and six major tributaries. For most pesticides, the riverine flux was less than 2% of the mass applied agriculturally. The insecticide diazinon was detected frequently in rivers draining the three basins with the highest population densities, apparently as a result of urban use.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., Capel, P.D., Goolsby, D.A., Zaugg, S.D., and Sandstrom, M.W., 1995, Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin: Chemosphere, v. 31, no. 5, p. 3305-3321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3305","endPage":"3321","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              33.797408767572485\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6728515625,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5400390625,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              43.35713822211053\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              45.36758436884978\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.513671875,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3134765625,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6328125,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.67675781249999,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.294921875,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6fae4b0e8fec6cdc31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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