Spatial differences in hydrologic processes and geochemistry across forested peatlands control the response of the wetland-community species and resiliency to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Knowing these controls is essential to effectively managing peatlands as resilient wetland habitats. The Great Dismal Swamp is a 45,325 hectare peatland in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina, USA, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The existing forest-species distribution is a product of timber harvesting, hydrologic alteration by canal and road construction, and wildfires. Since 2009, studies of hydrologic and geochemical controls have expanded knowledge of groundwater flow paths, water chemistry, response to precipitation events, and characteristics of the peat. Dominant hydrologic and geochemical controls include (1) the gradual slope in land surface, (2) vertical differences in the hydraulic characteristics of the peat, (3) the proximity of lateral groundwater and small stream inflows from uplands, (4) the presence of an extensive canal and road network, and (5) small, adjustable-height dams on the canals. Although upland sources provide some surface water and lateral groundwater inflow to western parts of the swamp, direct groundwater recharge by precipitation is the major source of water throughout the swamp and the only source in many areas. Additionally, the proximity and type of upland water sources affect water levels and nutrient concentrations in canal water and groundwater. Where streams are a dominant upland source, variations in groundwater levels and nutrient concentrations are greater than where recharge by precipitation is the primary water source. Where upland groundwater is a dominant source, water levels are more stable. Because the species distribution of forest communities in the Swamp is strongly influenced by these controls, swamp managers are beginning to incorporate this knowledge into forest, water, and fire management plans.
This study assessed progress toward achieving sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed of the Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona, through evaluation of 14 indicators of sustainable use. Sustainable use of groundwater in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed requires, at a minimum, a stable rate of groundwater discharge to, and thus base flow in, the San Pedro River. Many of the 14 indicators are therefore related to long-term or short-term effects on base flow and provide us with a means to evaluate groundwater discharge to and base flow in the San Pedro River. The indicators were based primarily on 10 to 20 years of data monitoring in the subwatershed, ending in 2012, and included subwatershedwide indicators, riparian-system indicators, San Pedro River indicators, and springs indicators.
\nGroundwater management actions including voluntary retirement of irrigation pumping in the subwatershed resulted in about a 5,100 acre-feet (acre-ft) reduction in net human use from 2002 to 2012. Subwatershed population increased more than 10,000 during the same period. Most of the reduction occurred during 2002–07 and included reductions in groundwater pumping and increases in managed recharge; net human use varied annually by a few hundred acre-ft during 2007–12. The groundwater budget for 2012 showed a deficit of about 5,000 acre-ft, although the total water-budget uncertainty was about 5,500 acre-ft.
\nIn the vicinity of the U.S. Army’s Fort Huachuca, regional-aquifer water levels were in steady decline beginning in at least the mid-1990s (in older wells since at least the early-1970s), as the cone of depression centered on the Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca pumping centers continued to deepen. This was evident in the individual water levels on Fort Huachuca, as well as from the horizontal hydraulic gradients that extend from the pumping centers toward the San Pedro and Babocomari Rivers. Basin water levels in wells southeast of Sierra Vista, away from the river, were also experiencing declines, while some water levels closer to the river were rising.
\nNear-stream vertical gradients along the San Pedro River showed no clear increasing or decreasing trends that would indicate a shift in the direction of subsurface flow between the riverbed and the alluvial aquifer, or a trend in the magnitude of groundwater/surface-water exchange. Annual streamflow permanence data showed no clear change in streamflow permanence trends in any of the river reaches, other than those related to precipitation trends. Similarly, the single-day, dry-season, wet-dry streamflow analysis of all subwatershed river reaches indicated no change in condition over the past 14 years, with the exception of the Hereford reach, which has seen a statistically significant increase in wetted length. Dry-season, alluvial-aquifer water levels in the Hereford reach also showed a statistically significant increase. These improvements are attributed to the end of irrigation pumping in the area. Although data indicate that the length of the Fairbank North wetted reach may be in decline, it is not yet statistically significant.
\nStable-isotope data indicated reduced groundwater discharge to the Babocomari River in the vicinity of the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station and to the San Pedro River near the San Pedro River at Palominas gaging station and near the Lewis Springs DCP stage recorder. The Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station is downgradient of the major pumping centers. The change in isotopic signature at the Lewis Springs stage recorder could have been the result of alterations in groundwater/surface-water interactions there caused by beaver damming of the river. Base flow in the San Pedro River declined over the periods of record at the three San Pedro River gaging stations in the subwatershed (Palominas, Charleston, and Tombstone), as well as at the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station. Precipitation declined slightly from the 1990s to the 2000s, although there is no statistically significant trend in subwatershed precipitation from 1991 to 2012. The occurrence of large winter discharge events appeared to decline and that of large summer discharge events appeared to increase over this same period.
\nData for physical parameters, general chemistry, nutrient species, select trace elements, and suspended sediment were collected at San Pedro River at Charleston stream-gaging station. These data were summarized over time and analyzed in relation to discharge and season as a means to assess trends over the period of analysis. Federal and State of Arizona drinking-water and human-contact standards were all met and few exceedances occurred for the ecological thresholds investigated. Several constituents showed a significant trend over the period of analysis, but only concentration and flux data for total phosphate, orthophosphate, total nitrogen, suspended sediment, and sulfate were suitable to be used in a weighted regression analysis that statistically accounted for time, discharge, and season. Sulfate concentrations and flux showed a significant downward trend over the period of analysis, whereas total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate showed a relatively small magnitude upward trend relative to standards. Suspended sediment concentrations and flux both showed a significant downward trend in the 1980s, an effect attributed to reduction of cattle in the subwatershed at about this time, and (or) increased cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix goodingii) recruitment, and (or) the curtailment of sand and gravel mining adjacent to the San Pedro River with the designation of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area in 1988. A spike in sediment flux in 2006 may be attributable to the more than 100 debris flows in the Huachuca Mountains during the summer monsoon of that year.
\nSpring discharge along the San Pedro River generally increased at three sites proximate to the Sierra Vista treated effluent recharge facility and varied somewhat with climate at two other sites. Median annual discharge at the recharge facility peaked in 2006, and at Murray Springs and Horsethief Spring, downgradient of the recharge facility, in 2009. Sampling for trace organic compounds in flow from springs was carried out using both discrete sampling and passive sampling methods. Spring samples thus collected showed the presence of trace-organic compounds. Lewis Springs (background site) had the least number of detections, whereas Murray Springs, located directly downgradient of the City of Sierra Vista’s treated effluent recharge facility, had the greatest number of detections of all the springs. Discrete samples from the recharge facility had more than twice the detections found in discrete samples from Murray Spring and at much higher concentrations. Few similar trace-organic compounds were detected at both the springs and the treated effluent recharge facility, and the number of detections did not increase during the collection period. Limitations of the study prevented the determination of trace-organic concentration in passive samplers and also prevented linking trace organic compounds detected at the treated effluent recharge facility with compounds detected from the springs. In particular, trace organic compounds could also derive from other sources such as septic systems.
\nLooking at the subwatershed as a whole, base flow was in decline along the entire river reach, but determination of the specific cause of the decline was beyond the scope of this report. Conditions in the area from the municipal pumping center of Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca northeast to the river (from about the Charleston to Tombstone gaging stations) were more commonly in decline than in regions further south. Both long-term indicators, such as regional aquifer groundwater levels and horizontal gradients, and the isotope analysis indicated that groundwater discharge to the river and thus base flow may continue to decline in that area. South of Charleston, indicators were more mixed. Some indicators in the Hereford reach suggest groundwater discharge to the San Pedro River may be increasing there, whereas some indicators in the Palominas reach suggest groundwater discharge to the river there may be declining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165114","usgsCitation":"Gungle, Bruce, Callegary, J.B., Paretti, N.V., Kennedy, J.R., Eastoe, C.J., Turner, D.S., Dickinson, J.E., Levick, L.R., and Sugg, Z.P., 2016, Hydrological conditions and evaluation of sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona (ver. 1.3, April 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5114, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165114.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 90 p.; 1 Table; Appendixes: Tables A1-A4","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077429","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335906,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_table_4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Table 4 spreadsheet"},{"id":326183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_v1.3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Report PDF"},{"id":329328,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/versionHist_.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Version History"},{"id":326185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_appendix-tablesA1-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables A1-A4","size":"33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Appendix Tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 18, 2016; Version 1.1: October 2016; Version 1.2: February 21, 2017; Version 1.3: April 15, 2019","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The nature of regeneration dynamics after hurricane flooding and salinity intrusion may play an important role in shaping coastal vegetation patterns.
\nMETHODS: The regeneration potentials of coastal species, types and gradients (wetland types from seaward to landward) were studied on the Delmarva Peninsula after Hurricane Sandy using seed bank assays to examine responses to various water regimes (unflooded and flooded to 8 cm) and salinity levels (0, 1, and 5 ppt). Seed bank responses to treatments were compared using a generalized linear models approach. Species relationships to treatment and geographical variables were explored using nonmetric multidimensional scaling.
\nKEY RESULTS: Flooding and salinity treatments affected species richness even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). Maritime forest was especially intolerant of salinity intrusion so that species richness was much higher in unflooded and low salinity conditions, despite the proximity of maritime forest to saltmarsh along the coastal gradient. Other vegetation types were also affected, with potential regeneration of these species affected in various ways by flooding and salinity, suggesting relationships to post-hurricane environment and geographic position.
\nCONCLUSIONS: Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in coastal wetlands may in some cases be affected by salinity intrusion events even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). These results indicate that the potential is great for hurricanes to shift vegetation type in sensitive wetland types (e.g., maritime forest) if post-hurricane environments do not support the regeneration of extent vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1600062","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., 2016, Effects of salinity and flooding on post-hurricane regeneration potential in coastal wetland vegetation: American Journal of Botany, v. 103, no. 8, p. 1420-1435, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600062.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1420","endPage":"1435","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072858","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.42346418978382\n ],\n [\n -76.3055419921875,\n 39.21948715423953\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 38.878204997061474\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -76.1627197265625,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -76.0418701171875,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -75.9539794921875,\n 37.01571219880126\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 37.65773212628274\n ],\n [\n -75.0421142578125,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -74.937744140625,\n 38.59540719940386\n ],\n [\n -75.1629638671875,\n 39.031986028740086\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.42346418978382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73bae4b03fd6b7df2c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174105,"text":"ofr20161110 - 2016 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T18:45:04.108352","indexId":"ofr20161110","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-18T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1110","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath bathymetry data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Offshore of Monterey map area in central California is located on the Pacific Coast, about 120 km south of San Francisco. Incorporated cities in the map area include Seaside, Monterey, Marina, Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Sand City. The local economy receives significant resources from tourism, as well as from the Federal Government. Tourist attractions include the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fisherman’s Wharf, and the many golf courses near Pebble Beach, and the area serves as a gateway to the spectacular scenery and outdoor activities along the Big Sur coast to the south. Federal facilities include the Army’s Defense Language Institute, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (operated by the Navy). In 1994, Fort Ord army base, located between Seaside and Marina, was closed; much of former army base land now makes up the Fort Ord National Monument, managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. In addition, part of the old Fort Ord is now occupied by California State University, Monterey Bay.
The offshore part of the map area lies entirely within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, one of the nation’s largest marine sanctuaries. State beaches and parks within the map area include Fort Ord Dunes State Park and the Marina, Monterey, and Asilomar State Beaches, as well as Carmel River State Beach, which includes the Carmel River Lagoon and Wetland Natural Preserve. The map area also includes all or part of several State Marine Protected Areas, including the Carmel Pinnacles, Asilomar, and Lovers Point–Julia Platt State Marine Reserves, as well as the Carmel Bay, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens, Edward F. Ricketts, and Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Areas.
The coastal zone in the map area is characterized by two distinct physiographies. From Marina to Monterey, sandy beaches are backed by a belt of sand dunes, as much as 30 to 40 m high and as wide as 8 km. The Salinas River supplies the sand for the beaches and dunes. Nearshore sediment transport is primarily to the south, in the southern Monterey littoral cell.
Along the Monterey peninsula, which lies at the north end of the rugged Santa Lucia Range, coastal relief is very different. The peninsula is characterized largely by low marine terraces that formed mostly on hard and relatively stable granitic bedrock. Carmel Beach in Carmel-by-the-Sea is the longest continuous beach in this area; bedrock points and small pocket beaches characterize most of the rest of the peninsula. The Carmel River littoral cell extends along the coast from Point Pinos to Point Lobos (just south of the map area), including Carmel Beach; sediment transport is primarily to the south.
The granitic rocks that crop out so prominently along the Monterey peninsula make up part of the Salinian block, a crustal terrane that in this area lies west of the San Andreas Fault and east of the San Gregorio Fault. The strike-slip San Andreas Fault Zone, which lies just 26 km east of the map area, is the most important structure within the Pacific–North American transform plate boundary. The San Gregorio Fault, a secondary fault within the distributed plate boundary, cuts through (and is roughly aligned with) Carmel Canyon, a submarine canyon in the southwest corner of the map area that is part of the Monterey Canyon system. The San Gregorio Fault Zone is part of a fault system that is present predominantly in the offshore for about 400 km, from Point Conception in the south (where it is known as the Hosgri Fault) to Bolinas and Point Reyes in the north.
The offshore part of the map area primarily consists of relatively flat continental shelf, bounded on the west by the steep flanks of Carmel Canyon. Shelf width varies from 2 to 3 km in the southern part of the map area, near the mouth of Carmel Canyon, to 14 km in Monterey Bay. Bedrock beneath the shelf is overlain in many areas by variable amounts (0 to 16 m) of upper Quaternary shelf and nearshore sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. “Soft-induration,” unconsolidated sediment is the dominant (about 63 percent) habitat type on the continental shelf, followed by “hard-induration” rock and boulders (about 34 percent) and “mixed-induration” substrate (about 3 percent). At water depths of about 100 to 130 m, the shelf break approximates the shoreline during the sea-level lowstand of the Last Glacial Maximum, about 21,000 years ago.
Carmel Canyon and other parts of the Monterey Canyon system in the map area extend from the shelf break to water depths that reach 1,600 m. Most of the extensive incision of the shelf break and canyon flanks probably occurred during repeated Quaternary sea-level lowstands. The relatively straight floor of Carmel Canyon notably is aligned with the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Mixed hard-soft substrate is the most common (about 51 percent) habitat type in Carmel Canyon; hard bedrock and soft, unconsolidated sediment cover about 40 percent and 9 percent of canyon habitat, respectively.
This part of the central California coast is exposed to large North Pacific swells from the northwest throughout the year. Wave heights range from 2 to 10 m, the larger swells occurring from October to May. During El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, winter storms track farther south than they do in normal (non-ENSO) years, thereby impacting the map area more frequently and with waves of larger heights.
Benthic species observed in the map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California.
Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. An observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are well-known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161110","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1110, pamphlet 44 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p. 10 Sheets: 66.00 x 36.00 or smaller; Dataset; Metadata","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072255","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438573,"rank":23,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Monterey, California"},{"id":326510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161024","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1024","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Cruz, California, by Guy R. 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Watt"},{"id":326522,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. 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Kvitek"},{"id":326518,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 2 PDF","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. 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Maier"},{"id":326523,"rank":18,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Marine Benthic Habitats from the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Guy R. Cochrane, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Samuel Y. Johnson"},{"id":326521,"rank":16,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":326524,"rank":19,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 8 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":326517,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 1 PDF","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":326507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":326514,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_metadata.html"},{"id":326516,"rank":11,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326513,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Monterey, California” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Monterey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.69\n ],\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.5319\n ],\n [\n -121.7853,\n 36.5319\n ],\n [\n -121.7853,\n 36.69\n ],\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-08-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6ce28e4b03fd6b7d919cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645522,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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W.","contributorId":172491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":44099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70175123,"text":"ofr20161121 - 2016 - U.S. Geological Survey science strategy for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife and the environment (2016–2020)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T15:01:32","indexId":"ofr20161121","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1121","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science strategy for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife and the environment (2016–2020)","docAbstract":"
Through the Science Strategy for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Wildlife and the Environment, the USGS will assess avian influenza (AI) dynamics in an ecological context to inform decisions made by resource managers and policymakers from the local to national level. Through collection of unbiased scientific information on the ecology of AI viruses and wildlife hosts in a changing world, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will enhance the development of AI forecasting tools and ensure this information is integrated with a quality decision process for managing HPAI.
The overall goal of this USGS Science Strategy for HPAI in Wildlife and the Environment goes beyond documenting the occurrence and distribution of AI viruses in wild birds. The USGS aims to understand the epidemiological processes and environmental factors that influence HPAI distribution and describe the mechanisms of transmission between wild birds and poultry. USGS scientists developed a conceptual model describing the process linking HPAI dispersal in wild waterfowl to the outbreaks in poultry. This strategy focuses on five long-term science goals, which include:
These goals will help define and describe the processes outlined in the conceptual model with the ultimate goal of facilitating biosecurity and minimizing transfer of diseases across the wildlife-poultry interface. The first four science goals are focused on scientific discovery and the fifth goal is application-based. Decision analyses in the fifth goal will guide prioritization of proposed actions in the first four goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161121","usgsCitation":"Harris, M.C., Pearce, J.M., Prosser, D.J., White, C.L., Miles, A.K., Sleeman, J.M., Brand, C.J., Cronin, J.P., De La Cruz, S., Densmore, C.L., Doyle, T.W., Dusek, R.J., Fleskes, J.P., Flint, P.L., Guala, G.F., Hall, J.S., Hubbard, L.E., Hunt, R.J., Ip, H.S., Katz, R.A., Laurent, K.W., Miller, M.P., Munn, M.D., Ramey, A.M., Richards, K.D., Russell, R.E., Stokdyk, J.P., Takekawa, J.Y., and Walsh, D.P., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey science strategy for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife and the environment (2016–2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1121, 38 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161121.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070395","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1121/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1121/ofr20161121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1121"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Associate Director for Ecosystems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
https://www2.usgs.gov/ecosystems/
Information about groundwater-flow paths and locations where groundwater discharges at and near Puget Sound Naval Shipyard is necessary for understanding the potential migration of subsurface contaminants by groundwater at the shipyard. The design of some remediation alternatives would be aided by knowledge of whether groundwater flowing at specific locations beneath the shipyard will eventually discharge directly to Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound, or if it will discharge to the drainage system of one of the six dry docks located in the shipyard. A 1997 numerical (finite difference) groundwater-flow model of the shipyard and surrounding area was constructed to help evaluate the potential for groundwater discharge to Puget Sound. That steady-state, multilayer numerical model with homogeneous hydraulic characteristics indicated that groundwater flowing beneath nearly all of the shipyard discharges to the dry-dock drainage systems, and only shallow groundwater flowing beneath the western end of the shipyard discharges directly to Sinclair Inlet.
Updated information from a 2016 regional groundwater-flow model constructed for the greater Kitsap Peninsula was used to update the 1997 groundwater model of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. That information included a new interpretation of the hydrogeologic units underlying the area, as well as improved recharge estimates. Other updates to the 1997 model included finer discretization of the finite-difference model grid into more layers, rows, and columns, all with reduced dimensions. This updated Puget Sound Naval Shipyard model was calibrated to 2001–2005 measured water levels, and hydraulic characteristics of the model layers representing different hydrogeologic units were estimated with the aid of state-of-the-art parameter optimization techniques.
The flow directions and discharge locations predicted by this updated model generally match the 1997 model despite refinements and other changes. In the updated model, most groundwater discharge recharged within the boundaries of the shipyard is to the dry docks; only at the western end of the shipyard does groundwater discharge directly to Puget Sound. Particle tracking for the existing long-term monitoring well network suggests that only a few wells intercept groundwater that originates as recharge within the shipyard boundary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command-Northwest","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Johnson, K.H., and Frans, L.M., 2016, Numerical simulation of groundwater flow at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap, Bremerton, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1135, 35 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161135.","productDescription":"Report:","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076467","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94FCYGV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model to simulate the groundwater flow system at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap, Bremerton, Washington"},{"id":326832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326833,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1135/ofr20161135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1135"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Bremerton","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Base Kitsap,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 47.529488341715265\n ],\n [\n -122.67230987548828,\n 47.53899190311993\n ],\n [\n -122.67093658447266,\n 47.54432241518175\n ],\n [\n -122.65960693359374,\n 47.55150616084034\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 47.55382328811835\n ],\n [\n -122.63866424560547,\n 47.556603705614094\n ],\n [\n -122.63248443603514,\n 47.5586889219186\n ],\n [\n -122.62390136718749,\n 47.5610057315948\n ],\n [\n -122.62115478515625,\n 47.569808674020344\n ],\n [\n -122.62493133544922,\n 47.575136052077276\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 47.58023129789275\n ],\n [\n -122.64896392822264,\n 47.584168193691696\n ],\n [\n -122.65445709228516,\n 47.58903100916583\n ],\n [\n -122.65926361083984,\n 47.5996813120644\n ],\n [\n -122.66578674316406,\n 47.60384823184624\n ],\n [\n -122.67162322998047,\n 47.604774168947614\n ],\n [\n -122.68054962158202,\n 47.593198777144636\n ],\n [\n -122.68466949462892,\n 47.58301031389572\n ],\n [\n -122.68260955810545,\n 47.5714301073211\n ],\n [\n -122.69359588623047,\n 47.557067094186735\n ],\n [\n -122.70973205566406,\n 47.54663986006874\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 47.529488341715265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Acoustic technologies have the potential to be used as a surrogate for measuring suspended-sediment concentration (SSC). This potential was examined in a fine-grained (97-100 percent fines) riverine system in central Illinois by way of installation of an acoustic instrument. Acoustic data were collected continuously over the span of 5.5 years. Acoustic parameters were regressed against SSC data to determine the accuracy of using acoustic technology as a surrogate for measuring SSC in a fine-grained riverine system. The resulting regressions for SSC and sediment acoustic parameters had coefficients of determination ranging from 0.75 to 0.97 for various events and configurations. The overall Nash-Sutcliffe model-fit efficiency was 0.95 for the 132 observed and predicted SSC values determined using the sediment acoustic parameter regressions. The study of using acoustic technologies as a surrogate for measuring SSC in fine-grained riverine systems is ongoing. The results at this site are promising in the realm of surrogate technology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Manaster, A.D, Domanski, M.M., Straub, T.D., and Boldt, J.A., 2016, Estimating suspended sediment using acoustics in a fine-grained riverine system on Kickapoo Creek at Bloomington, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1117, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161117.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074002","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1117/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1117/ofr20161117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1117"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Bloomington","otherGeospatial":"Kickapoo Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.02952575683594,\n 40.57432635193039\n ],\n [\n -90.02952575683594,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -89.6978759765625,\n 40.875103022165824\n ],\n [\n -89.6978759765625,\n 40.57432635193039\n ],\n [\n -90.02952575683594,\n 40.57432635193039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov
The butterfly fauna of lowland Northern California has exhibited a marked decline in recent years that previous studies have attributed in part to altered climatic conditions and changes in land use. Here, we ask if a shift in insecticide use towards neonicotinoids is associated with butterfly declines at four sites in the region that have been monitored for four decades. A negative association between butterfly populations and increasing neonicotinoid application is detectable while controlling for land use and other factors, and appears to be more severe for smaller-bodied species. These results suggest that neonicotinoids could influence non-target insect populations occurring in proximity to application locations, and highlights the need for mechanistic work to complement long-term observational data.
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mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meese, Robert","contributorId":173766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meese","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"van Vliet, Heidi","contributorId":173767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Vliet","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27291,"text":"York University, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shapiro, Arthur M.","contributorId":173768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70175561,"text":"70175561 - 2016 - Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T09:07:10","indexId":"70175561","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-17T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children","docAbstract":"Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai'i has erupted continuously since 1983, releasing approximately 300–12000 metric tons per day of sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 interacts with water vapor to produce an acidic haze known locally as “vog”. The combination of wind speed and direction, inversion layer height, and local terrain lead to heterogeneous and variable distribution of vog over the island, allowing study of respiratory effects associated with chronic vog exposure.
\nWe characterized the distribution and composition of vog over the Island of Hawai'i, and tested the hypotheses that chronic vog exposure (SO2 and acid) is associated with increased asthma prevalence, respiratory symptoms, and reduced pulmonary function in Hawai'i Island schoolchildren.
\nWe compiled data of volcanic emissions, wind speed, and wind direction over Hawai'i Island since 1992. Community-based researchers then measured 2- to 4-week integrated concentrations of SO2 and fine particulate mass and acidity in 4 exposure zones, from 2002 to 2005, when volcanic SO2 emissions averaged 1600 metric tons per day. Concurrently, community researchers recruited schoolchildren in the 4th and 5th grades of 25 schools in the 4 vog exposure zones, to assess determinants of lung health, respiratory symptoms, and asthma prevalence.
\nEnvironmental data suggested 4 different vog exposure zones with SO2, PM2.5, and particulate acid concentrations (mean ± s.d.) as follows: 1) Low (0.3 ± 0.2 ppb, 2.5 ± 1.2 μg/m3, 0.6 ± 1.1 nmol H +/m3), 2) Intermittent (1.6 ± 1.8 ppb, 2.8 ± 1.5 μg/m3, 4.0 ± 6.6 nmol H +/m3), 3) Frequent (10.1 ± 5.2 ppb, 4.8 ± 1.9 μg/m3, 4.3 ± 6.7 nmol H +/m3), and 4) Acid (1.2 ± 0.4 ppb, 7.2 ± 2.3 μg/m3, 25.3 ± 17.9 nmol H +/m3). Participants (1957) in the 4 zones differed in race, prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, presence of mold in the home, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Multivariable analysis showed an association between Acid vog exposure and cough and strongly suggested an association with FEV1/FVC < 0.8, but not with diagnosis of asthma, or chronic persistent wheeze or bronchitis in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Hawai'i Island's volcanic air pollution can be very acidic, but contains few co-contaminants originating from anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Chronic exposure to acid vog is associated with increased cough and possibly with reduced FEV1/FVC, but not with asthma or bronchitis. Further study is needed to better understand how volcanic air pollution interacts with host and environmental factors to affect respiratory symptoms, lung function, and lung growth, and to determine acute effects of episodes of increased emissions.
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Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children: Environment International, v. 92-93, p. 543-552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.025.","startPage":"543","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071608","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, Andrew ajsutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":156244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Andrew","email":"ajsutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Yi-Leng","contributorId":173747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yi-Leng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27289,"text":"Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tantisira, Kelan","contributorId":173746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tantisira","given":"Kelan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27288,"text":"Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dockery, Douglas","contributorId":173748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dockery","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27288,"text":"Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Avol, Edward","contributorId":173745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avol","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27287,"text":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174975,"text":"sir20165106 - 2016 - Sediment load and distribution in the lower Skagit River, Skagit County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T10:25:47","indexId":"sir20165106","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5106","title":"Sediment load and distribution in the lower Skagit River, Skagit County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Skagit River delivers about 40 percent of all fluvial sediment that enters Puget Sound, influencing flood hazards in the Skagit lowlands, critically important estuarine habitat in the delta, and some of the most diverse and productive agriculture in western Washington. A total of 175 measurements of suspended-sediment load, made routinely from 1974 to 1993, and sporadically from 2006 to 2009, were used to develop and evaluate regression models of sediment transport (also known as “sediment-rating curves”) for estimating suspended-sediment load as a function of river discharge. Using a flow-range model and 75 years of daily discharge record (acquired from 1941 to 2015), the mean annual suspended-sediment load for the Skagit River near Mount Vernon, Washington, was estimated to be 2.5 teragrams (Tg, where 1 Tg = 1 million metric tons). The seasonal model indicates that 74 percent of the total annual suspended‑sediment load is delivered to Puget Sound during the winter storm season (from October through March), but also indicates that discharge is a poor surrogate for suspended‑sediment concentration (SSC) during the summer low-flow season. Sediment-rating curves developed for different time periods revealed that the regression model slope of the SSC-discharge relation increased 66 percent between the periods of 1974–76 and 2006–09 when suspended-sediment samples were collected, implying that changes in sediment supply, channel hydraulics, and (or) basin hydrology occurred between the two time intervals. In the relatively wet water year 2007 (October 1, 2006, through September 30, 2007), an automated sampler was used to collect daily samples of suspended sediment from which an annual load of 4.5 Tg was calculated, dominated by a single large flood event that contributed 1.8 Tg, or 40 percent of the total. In comparison, the annual load calculated for water year 2007 using the preferred flow-range model was 4.8 Tg (+6.7 percent), in close agreement with the measured value.
Particle size affects sediment transport, fate and distribution across watersheds, and therefore is important for predicting how coastal environments, particularly deltas and beaches, will respond to changes in climate and sea-level. Particle-size analysis of winter storm samples indicated that about one-half of the suspended-sediment load consisted of fines (that is, silt- and clay-sized particles smaller than 0.0625 mm in diameter), and the remainder consisted of mostly fine- to medium-sized sand (0.0625–0.5 mm), whereas bedload during winter storm flows (about 1–3 percent of total sediment load) was predominantly composed of medium to coarse sand (0.25–1 mm). A continuous turbidity record from the Anacortes Water Treatment Plant (water years 1999–2013), used as a surrogate for the concentration of fines (R2 = 0.93, p = 4.2E-10, n = 17), confirms that about one-half of the mean annual suspended-sediment load is composed of fines.
The distribution of flow through the delta distributaries (that is, the channels into which the main stem splits as it approaches the delta) is dynamic, with twice as much flow through the North Fork of the Skagit River relative to the South Fork during low-flow conditions, and close to equal flows in the two channels during high-flow conditions. Turbidity, monitored at several locations in the lower river in spring 2009, was essentially uniform among sites, indicating that fines are well mixed in the lower Skagit River system (defined as the Skagit River and all its distributaries downstream of the Mount Vernon streamgage). A strong relation (R2 = 0.95, p = 3.2E-14, n = 21; linear regression) between the concentration of fines and turbidity measured at various locations in summer 2009 indicates that turbidity is an effective surrogate for the concentration of fines, independent of location in the river, under naturally well-mixed fluvial conditions. This relation is especially useful for monitoring suspended sediment in western Washington rivers that are seasonally dominated by glacier meltwater because glacial melting typically produces suspended-sediment concentrations that are not well correlated with discharge. These results provide a comprehensive set of tools to estimate sediment delivery and delta responses of interest to scientists and resource managers including decision-makers examining options for flood hazard mitigation, estuary restoration, and climate change adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165106","collaboration":"A Study by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) Project","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Grossman, E.E., Mastin, M.C., and Huffman, R.L., 2016, Sediment load and distribution in the lower Skagit River, Skagit County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5106, 24 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165106.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059558","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5106/sir20165106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5106"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Skagit County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Skagit River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.541667,\n 48.466667\n ],\n [\n -122.541667,\n 48.3\n ],\n [\n -122.283333,\n 48.3\n ],\n [\n -122.283333,\n 48.466667\n ],\n [\n -122.541667,\n 48.466667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Volcanic eruptions involving interaction with water are amongst the most violent and unpredictable geologic phenomena on Earth. Phreatic eruptions are exceptionally difficult to forecast by traditional geophysical techniques. Here we report on short-term precursory variations in gas emissions related to phreatic blasts at Poás volcano, Costa Rica, as measured with an in situ multiple gas analyzer that was deployed at the edge of the erupting lake. Gas emitted from this hyper-acid crater lake approaches magmatic values of SO2/CO2 1–6 days prior to eruption. The SO2 flux derived from magmatic degassing through the lake is measureable by differential optical absorption spectrometry (sporadic campaign measurements), which allows us to constrain lake gas output and input for the major gas species during eruptive and non-eruptive periods. We can further calculate power supply to the hydrothermal system using volatile mass balance and thermodynamics, which indicates that the magmatic heat flux into the shallow hydrothermal system increases from ∼27 MW during quiescence to ∼59 MW during periods of phreatic events. These transient pulses of gas and heat from the deeper magmatic system generate both phreatic eruptions and the observed short-term changes in gas composition, because at high gas flux scrubbing of sulfur by the hydrothermal system is both kinetically and thermodynamically inhibited whereas CO2gas is always essentially inert in hyperacid conditions. Thus, the SO2/CO2 of lake emissions approaches magmatic values as gas and power supply to the sub-limnic hydrothermal system increase, vaporizing fluids and priming the hydrothermal system for eruption. Our results suggest that high-frequency real-time gas monitoring could provide useful short-term eruptive precursors at volcanoes prone to phreatic explosions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.056","usgsCitation":"de Moor, M., Aiuppa, A., Pacheco, J., Avard, G., Kern, C., Liuzzo, M., Martinez, M., Giudice, G., and Fischer, T.P., 2016, Short-period volcanic gas precursors to phreatic eruptions: Insights from Poás Volcano, Costa Rica: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 442, p. 218-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.056.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064403","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","otherGeospatial":"Poás Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.24659729003906,\n 10.245836915434852\n ],\n [\n -84.24659729003906,\n 10.28130896828769\n ],\n [\n -84.2072868347168,\n 10.28130896828769\n ],\n [\n -84.2072868347168,\n 10.245836915434852\n ],\n [\n -84.24659729003906,\n 10.245836915434852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"442","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2d9a8e4b03bcb010287c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Moor, Maarten","contributorId":173676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Moor","given":"Maarten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27271,"text":"Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiuppa, Alessandro","contributorId":173677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiuppa","given":"Alessandro","affiliations":[{"id":27272,"text":"Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pacheco, Javier","contributorId":173678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacheco","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27271,"text":"Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avard, Geoffroy","contributorId":173679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avard","given":"Geoffroy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27271,"text":"Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liuzzo, Marco","contributorId":173680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liuzzo","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27273,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinez, Maria","contributorId":173681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27271,"text":"Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Giudice, Gaetano","contributorId":173682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giudice","given":"Gaetano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27273,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fischer, Tobias P.","contributorId":12754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Tobias","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70175750,"text":"70175750 - 2016 - Efficacy of spray –Dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®), for controlling Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within Lake Minnetonka, MN enclosures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:46:06","indexId":"70175750","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Efficacy of spray –Dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®), for controlling Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within Lake Minnetonka, MN enclosures","docAbstract":"The efficacy of whole water column and subsurface applications of the biopesticide Zequanox®, a commercially prepared spray-dried powder formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A), were evaluated for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within 27-m2 enclosures in Lake Minnetonka (Deephaven, Minnesota). Five treatments consisting of (1) two whole water column Zequanox applications, (2) two subsurface Zequanox applications, and (3) an untreated control were completed on each of three independent treatment days during September 2014. The two types of samplers used in the study were (1) type 1 samplers, which were custom built multi-plate samplers (wood, perforated aluminum, and tile substrates) that were placed into Robinson’s Bay in June of 2013 to allow for natural colonization by zebra mussels, and (2) type 2 samplers, which consisted of zebra mussels adhering to perforated aluminum trays that were placed into mesh containment bags. One day prior to treatment, three individual samplers of each type were distributed to test enclosures and exposed to a randomly assigned treatment. Sampling to determine the zebra mussel biomass adhering to type 1 samplers and the survival assessments for zebra mussels contained in type 2 samplers were completed ~40 days after exposure. The zebra mussel biomass adhering to type 1 samplers and the survival of zebra mussels contained in type 2 samplers were significantly less in groups treated with the highest Zequanox concentrations and in groups that received whole water column applications than comparable groups treated with lower Zequanox concentrations and subsurface applications. However, standardization of biomass and survival results to the amount of Zequanox applied showed that the lower concentrations and subsurface applications were more cost efficient, with respect to product used, at reducing zebra mussel biomass and for inducing zebra mussel mortality. Although the subsurface application methods and lower treatment concentrations were more cost efficient, biological significance and management goals should be evaluated prior to selecting the application method. Development and refinement of additional application techniques may improve the utility of the subsurface Zequanox applications.","language":"English","publisher":"Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR)","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., and Severson, T.J., 2016, Efficacy of spray –Dried Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A (Zequanox®), for controlling Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) within Lake Minnetonka, MN enclosures, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077598","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326871,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lccmr.leg.mn/projects/2013-index.html#201306f"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb2e4b0f2f0cebfc256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175749,"text":"70175749 - 2016 - Development of targeted delivery techniques for Zequanox®","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:46:47","indexId":"70175749","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Development of targeted delivery techniques for Zequanox®","docAbstract":"The effects of water temperature and concentration on the physical characteristics of Zequanox®, a dead-cell spray-dried powder formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) used for controlling invasive dreissenid mussels (zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis), were investigated to determine optimal temperature-specific concentrations and delivery techniques for use during open-water subsurface Zequanox applications. Temperature-controlled laboratory tests evaluated viscosity, settling, stratification, and buoyancy of various concentrations of Zequanox suspension in water to select an optimal target viscosity for Zequanox applications. A two-step linear regression procedure was used to create a temperature-specific Zequanox prediction model from the viscosity data. The prediction model and subsurface application techniques were validated by conducting three independent outdoor pond trials at temperatures of ~9, 14, and 20°C. During these outdoor trials, subsurface applications of Zequanox at concentrations predicted by the model were performed and water samples were collected at varying depths and analyzed via spectroscopy to determine Zequanox concentration and dispersion. Although the predicted Zequanox concentrations and delivery techniques used resulted in successfully maintaining lethal Zequanox concentrations in the bottom 7.5 cm of the water column for the duration of the exposure, a revised prediction model is also provided for more accurately selecting temperature-specific Zequanox concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR)","usgsCitation":"Severson, T.J., and Luoma, J.A., 2016, Development of targeted delivery techniques for Zequanox®, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077367","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326870,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lccmr.leg.mn/projects/2013-index.html#201306f"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb0e4b0f2f0cebfc231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175854,"text":"70175854 - 2016 - Environmental DNA mapping of Zebra Mussel populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:41:54","indexId":"70175854","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Environmental DNA mapping of Zebra Mussel populations","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a popular tool for detecting aquatic invasive species, but advancements have made it possible to potentially answer other questions like reproduction, movement, and abundance of the targeted organism. In this study we developed a Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) eDNA protocol. We then determined if this assay could be used to help determine Zebra Mussel biomass in a lake with a well-established population of Zebra Mussels and a lake with an emerging population of mussels. Our eDNA assay detected DNA of Zebra Mussels but not DNA from more than 20 other species of fish and mussels, many commonly found in Minnesota waters. Our assay did not predict biomass. We did find that DNA from Zebra Mussels accumulated in softer substrates in both lakes, even though the mussels were predominately on the harder substrates. Therefore, we concluded that eDNA may be useful to detect the presence of Zebra Mussels in these lakes but our assay/approach could not predict biomass.","language":"English","publisher":"Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR)","usgsCitation":"Amberg, J., and Merkes, C.M., 2016, Environmental DNA mapping of Zebra Mussel populations, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077822","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lccmr.leg.mn/projects/2013-index.html#201306f"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb3e4b0f2f0cebfc25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175101,"text":"sir20165109 - 2016 - Network global navigation satellite system survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T13:49:05","indexId":"sir20165109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5109","title":"Network global navigation satellite system survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin","docAbstract":"Continuously recording water-level streamgages in Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir are used to regulate water levels according to rule curves established in 2000 by the International Joint Commission; however, water levels at streamgages were referenced to a variety of vertical datums, confounding efforts to model the flow of water through the system, regulate water levels during periods of high inflow, and evaluate the effectiveness of the rule curves. In October 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada, International Joint Commission, and National Park Service began a joint field study with the goal of obtaining precise elevations referenced to a uniform vertical datum for all reference marks used to set water levels at streamgages throughout Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir. This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, International Joint Commission, and National Park Service.
Three field crews deployed Global Navigation Satellite System receivers statically over 16 reference marks colocated with active and discontinued water-level streamgages throughout Rainy River, Rainy Lake, Namakan Reservoir, and select tributaries of Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir. A Global Navigation Satellite System receiver also was deployed statically over a National Geodetic Survey cooperative base network control station for use as a quality-control reference mark. Satellite data were collected simultaneously during a 5-day period and processed independently by the U.S. Geological Survey and Natural Resources Canada to obtain accurate positioning and elevations for the 17 surveyed reference marks. Processed satellite data were used to convert published water levels to elevations above sea level referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 in order to compare water-surface elevations referenced to a uniform vertical datum throughout the study area. In this report, an “offset” refers to the correction applied to published data from a particular streamgage to produce elevation data referenced to a specified vertical datum.
Offsets were applied to water-level data from surveyed streamgages to further evaluate the accuracy and utility of updated reference mark elevations presented in this report. Daily mean water levels from active streamgages surveyed in this study were converted to water-surface elevations referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013. Graphical comparisons of water-surface elevations for streamgages in Namakan Reservoir, Rainy Lake, and selected rivers are presented (referencing the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013). Offsets presented in this report can be used in the evaluation of rule curves and in flood damage curves that fully assess the benefits of one regulation approach over another. In addition, offsets may be used to calibrate hydraulic models developed for four narrows that connect lakes of Namakan Reservoir, refine digital elevation models, and support modeling studies designed to assess the effects of rule curves on aquatic vegetation, benthic invertebrates, northern pike, and walleye.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, the International Joint Commission, and the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Ziegeweid, J.R., Silliker, R.J., Densmore, B.K., and Krahulik, Justin, 2016, Network Global Navigation Satellite System survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5109, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165109.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075640","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326427,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix2","text":"Appendix 2","size":"154 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 2"},{"id":326426,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"269 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 1"},{"id":326425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109"},{"id":326424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326428,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 3"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Rainy River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.90444878143716\n ],\n [\n -92.20001220703125,\n 48.90444878143716\n ],\n [\n -92.20001220703125,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.17158081783164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 49.0306652257167\n ],\n [\n -93.89190673828125,\n 49.0306652257167\n ],\n [\n -93.89190673828125,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 48.40732607972984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
\n
\n
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-08-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2d9a7e4b03bcb010287be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silliker, R. Jason","contributorId":173254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krahulik, Justin 0000-0003-0917-9468 jkrahuli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-9468","contributorId":139523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahulik","given":"Justin","email":"jkrahuli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175479,"text":"70175479 - 2016 - Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope instability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:54:10","indexId":"70175479","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-12T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope instability","docAbstract":"
In steep topography, the processes governing variably saturated subsurface hydrologic response and the interparticle stresses leading to shallow landslide initiation are physically linked. However, these processes are usually analyzed separately. Here, we take a combined approach, simultaneously analyzing the influence of topography on both hillslope hydrology and the effective stress fields within the hillslope itself. Clearly, runoff and saturated groundwater flow are dominated by gravity and, ultimately, by topography. Less clear is how landscape morphology influences flows in the vadose zone, where transient fluxes are usually taken to be vertical. We aim to assess and quantify the impact of topography on both saturated and unsaturated hillslope hydrology and its effects on shallow slope stability. Three real hillslope morphologies (concave, convex, and planar) are analyzed using a 3-D, physically based, distributed model coupled with a module for computation of the probability of failure, based on the infinite slope assumption. The results of the analyses, which included parameter uncertainty analysis of the results themselves, show that convex and planar slopes are more stable than concave slopes. Specifically, under the same initial, boundary, and infiltration conditions, the percentage of unstable areas ranges from 1.3% for the planar hillslope, 21% for convex, to a maximum value of 33% for the concave morphology. The results are supported by a sensitivity analysis carried out to examine the effect of initial conditions and rainfall intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017626","usgsCitation":"Giuseppe, F., Simoni, S., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., and Rigon, R., 2016, Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope instability: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 6, p. 4590-4607, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017626.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4590","endPage":"4607","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070797","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57aee525e4b0fc09faadbd3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giuseppe, Formetta","contributorId":173665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giuseppe","given":"Formetta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simoni, Silvia","contributorId":173666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simoni","given":"Silvia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27269,"text":"Mountain-eering Srl, Bolzano, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rigon, Riccardo","contributorId":152464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigon","given":"Riccardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18929,"text":"Unversita di Trento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175458,"text":"70175458 - 2016 - Habituation of adult sea lamprey repeatedly exposed to damage-released alarm and predator cues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T13:31:30","indexId":"70175458","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-12T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habituation of adult sea lamprey repeatedly exposed to damage-released alarm and predator cues","docAbstract":"Predation is an unforgiving selective pressure affecting the life history, morphology and behaviour of prey organisms. Selection should favour organisms that have the ability to correctly assess the information content of alarm cues. This study investigated whether adult sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus habituate to conspecific damage-released alarm cues (fresh and decayed sea lamprey extract), a heterospecific damage-released alarm cue (white sucker Catostomus commersoniiextract), predator cues (Northern water snake Nerodia sipedon washing, human saliva and 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA HCl)) and a conspecific damage-released alarm cue and predator cue combination (fresh sea lamprey extract and human saliva) after they were pre-exposed 4 times or 8 times, respectively, to a given stimulus the previous night. Consistent with our prediction, adult sea lamprey maintained an avoidance response to conspecific damage-released alarm cues (fresh and decayed sea lamprey extract), a predator cue presented at high relative concentration (PEA HCl) and a conspecific damage-released alarm cue and predator cue combination (fresh sea lamprey extract plus human saliva), irrespective of previous exposure level. As expected, adult sea lamprey habituated to a sympatric heterospecific damage-released alarm cue (white sucker extract) and a predator cue presented at lower relative concentration (human saliva). Adult sea lamprey did not show any avoidance of the Northern water snake washing and the Amazon sailfin catfish extract (heterospecific control). This study suggests that conspecific damage-released alarm cues and PEA HCl present the best options as natural repellents in an integrated management program aimed at controlling the abundance of sea lamprey in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10641-016-0503-z","usgsCitation":"Imre, I., Di Rocco, R.T., Brown, G.E., and Johnson, N., 2016, Habituation of adult sea lamprey repeatedly exposed to damage-released alarm and predator cues: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 99, no. 8, p. 613-620, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0503-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"620","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066069","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57aee525e4b0fc09faadbd40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imre, Istvan","contributorId":150985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Imre","given":"Istvan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6585,"text":"Algoma University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Di Rocco, Richard T.","contributorId":150984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Rocco","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6586,"text":"Concordia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Grant E.","contributorId":173005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6586,"text":"Concordia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175455,"text":"70175455 - 2016 - Droughts may increase susceptibility of prairie dogs to fleas: Incongruity with hypothesized mechanisms of plague cycles in rodents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T16:20:27","indexId":"70175455","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-11T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts may increase susceptibility of prairie dogs to fleas: Incongruity with hypothesized mechanisms of plague cycles in rodents","docAbstract":"Plague is a reemerging, rodent-associated zoonosis caused by the flea-borne bacterium Yersinia pestis. As a vector-borne disease, rates of plague transmission may increase when fleas are abundant. Fleas are highly susceptible to desiccation under hot-dry conditions; we posited that their densities decline during droughts. We evaluated this hypothesis with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in New Mexico, June–August 2010–2012. Precipitation was relatively plentiful during 2010 and 2012 but scarce during 2011, the driest spring–summer on record for the northeastern grasslands of New Mexico. Unexpectedly, fleas were 200% more abundant in 2011 than in 2010 and 2012. Prairie dogs were in 27% better condition during 2010 and 2012, and they devoted 287% more time to grooming in 2012 than in 2011. During 2012, prairie dogs provided with supplemental food and water were in 23% better condition and carried 40% fewer fleas. Collectively, these results suggest that during dry years, prairie dogs are limited by food and water, and they exhibit weakened defenses against fleas. Long-term data are needed to evaluate the generality of whether droughts increase flea densities and how changes in flea abundance during sequences of dry and wet years might affect plague cycles in mammalian hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyw035","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Biggins, D.E., Long, D.H., Gage, K.L., and Antolin, M.F., 2016, Droughts may increase susceptibility of prairie dogs to fleas: Incongruity with hypothesized mechanisms of plague cycles in rodents: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 97, no. 4, p. 1044-1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw035.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073196","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ad93a0e4b0d183567650f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Dustin H.","contributorId":14239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gage, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gage","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Antolin, Michael F.","contributorId":85469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antolin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175444,"text":"70175444 - 2016 - A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research findings on visitor impacts to wilderness and protected natural areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T14:49:26","indexId":"70175444","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-11T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research findings on visitor impacts to wilderness and protected natural areas","docAbstract":"The 50th anniversary of the US Wilderness Act of 1964 presents a worthy opportunity to review our collective knowledge on how recreation visitation affects wilderness and protected natural area resources. Studies of recreation impacts, examined within the recreation ecology field of study, have spanned 80 years and generated more than 1,200 citations. This article examines the recreation ecology literature most relevant to wilderness and backcountry, with a focus on visitor impacts to vegetation, soil, wildlife, and water resources. We also review relationships with influential factors, such as the amount of use, visitor behavior, and vegetation type. An understanding of these impacts and their relationships with influential factors is necessary for land managers seeking to identify acceptable limits of impact or selecting management actions that will effectively avoid or minimize resource impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.5849/jof.15-498","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., Leung, Y., Eagleston, H., and Burroughs, K., 2016, A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research findings on visitor impacts to wilderness and protected natural areas: Journal of Forestry, v. 114, no. 3, p. 352-362, https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-498.","startPage":"352","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073092","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-498","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ad939fe4b0d183567650e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L. 0000-0003-2226-689X jeff_marion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":3614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff_marion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leung, Yu-Fai","contributorId":95730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Yu-Fai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagleston, Holly","contributorId":173611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagleston","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burroughs, Kaitlin","contributorId":173612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burroughs","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175426,"text":"sir20165101 - 2016 - Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards—A prewildfire evaluation for the Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T14:35:08","indexId":"sir20165101","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5101","title":"Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards—A prewildfire evaluation for the Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Wildfire can substantially increase the probability of debris flows, a potentially hazardous and destructive form of mass wasting, in landscapes that have otherwise been stable throughout recent history. Although the exact location, extent, and severity of wildfire or subsequent rainfall intensity and duration cannot be known, probabilities of fire and debris‑flow occurrence for given locations can be estimated with geospatial analysis and modeling. The purpose of this report is to provide information on which watersheds might constitute the most serious potential debris-flow hazards in the event of a large-scale wildfire and subsequent rainfall in the Jemez Mountains. Potential probabilities and estimated volumes of postwildfire debris flows in both the unburned and previously burned areas of the Jemez Mountains and surrounding areas were estimated using empirical debris-flow models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in combination with fire behavior and burn probability models developed by the U.S. Forest Service.
Of the 4,998 subbasins modeled for this study, computed debris-flow probabilities in 671 subbasins were greater than 80 percent in response to the 100-year recurrence interval, 30-minute duration rainfall event. These subbasins ranged in size from 0.01 to 6.57 square kilometers (km2), with an average area of 0.29 km2, and were mostly steep, upstream tributaries to larger channels in the area. Modeled debris-flow volumes in 465 subbasins were greater than 10,000 cubic meters (m3), and 14 of those subbasins had modeled debris‑flow volumes greater than 100,000 m3.
The rankings of integrated relative debris-flow hazard indexes for each subbasin were generated by multiplying the individual subbasin values for debris-flow volume, debris‑flow probability, and average burn probability. The subbasins with integrated hazard index values in the top 2 percent typically are large, upland tributaries to canyons and channels primarily in the Upper Rio Grande and Rio Grande-Santa Fe watershed areas. No subbasins in this group have basin areas less than 1.0 km2. Many of these areas already had significant mass‑wasting episodes following the Las Conchas Fire in 2011. Other subbasins with integrated hazard index values in the top 2 percent are scattered throughout the Jemez River watershed area, including some subbasins in the interior of the Valles Caldera. Only a few subbasins in the top integrated hazard index group are in the Rio Chama watershed area.
This prewildfire assessment approach is valuable to resource managers because the analysis of the debris-flow threat is made before a wildfire occurs, which facilitates prewildfire management, planning, and mitigation. In north‑central New Mexico, widespread watershed restoration efforts are being done to safeguard vital watersheds against the threat of catastrophic wildfire. This study was designed to help select ideal locations for the restoration efforts that could have the best return on investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Buckman Direct Diversion Board, U.S. Forest Service, Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Los Alamos County","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., and Haas, J.R., 2016, Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards—A prewildfire evaluation for the Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific-Investigations Report 2016-5101, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165101.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Interactive Map; GIS Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070303","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5101/sir20165101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5101"},{"id":326373,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5101/sir20165101_map100yr.html","text":"Interactive Map","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2016-5101 Interacative Map"},{"id":326370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5101/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5101/sir20165101_gis.zip","text":"GIS Files","size":"88.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5101 Spatial Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.4410400390625,\n 36.22876574685929\n ],\n [\n -106.42044067382812,\n 36.2354121683998\n ],\n [\n -106.35589599609375,\n 36.21214722153981\n ],\n [\n -106.32293701171874,\n 36.20771501855801\n ],\n [\n -106.26113891601562,\n 36.21436322889413\n ],\n [\n -106.21719360351562,\n 36.18333341549503\n ],\n [\n -106.19110107421875,\n 36.14341987311765\n ],\n [\n -106.15402221679688,\n 36.097938036628065\n ],\n [\n -106.14715576171875,\n 36.06464195517141\n ],\n [\n -106.1334228515625,\n 36.030221194310705\n ],\n [\n -106.11557006835938,\n 35.991340960635405\n ],\n [\n -106.12518310546875,\n 35.94910642813857\n ],\n [\n -106.14578247070312,\n 35.9357645138553\n ],\n [\n -106.14578247070312,\n 35.89795019335754\n ],\n [\n -106.15676879882812,\n 35.85455268869835\n ],\n [\n -106.17050170898438,\n 35.82560781396722\n ],\n [\n -106.18698120117188,\n 35.806676609227054\n ],\n [\n -106.20758056640625,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -106.22543334960938,\n 35.76991491635478\n ],\n [\n -106.25015258789062,\n 35.75765724051559\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 35.735365718650236\n ],\n [\n -106.29547119140625,\n 35.7097227520928\n ],\n [\n -106.31332397460938,\n 35.69299463209881\n ],\n [\n -106.36962890624999,\n 35.689648586960935\n ],\n [\n -106.40533447265625,\n 35.689648586960935\n ],\n [\n -106.44241333007812,\n 35.68295607559029\n ],\n [\n -106.52069091796875,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -106.578369140625,\n 35.67626300279665\n ],\n [\n -106.61544799804688,\n 35.67737855391475\n ],\n [\n -106.66351318359375,\n 35.6807251137039\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 35.68295607559029\n ],\n [\n -106.74041748046875,\n 35.69745580725804\n ],\n [\n -106.77200317382812,\n 35.71641301732958\n ],\n [\n -106.776123046875,\n 35.753199435570316\n ],\n [\n -106.7816162109375,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -106.79397583007812,\n 35.8723596690896\n ],\n [\n -106.79946899414062,\n 35.91129848822746\n ],\n [\n -106.79534912109375,\n 35.96244608979167\n ],\n [\n -106.79946899414062,\n 35.99800750540412\n ],\n [\n -106.80496215820312,\n 36.01133890448606\n ],\n [\n -106.81732177734375,\n 36.02799998329553\n ],\n [\n -106.8145751953125,\n 36.05020927487619\n ],\n [\n -106.8035888671875,\n 36.06908224732973\n ],\n [\n -106.79397583007812,\n 36.08795069273044\n ],\n [\n -106.75003051757812,\n 36.09127994838079\n ],\n [\n -106.68960571289062,\n 36.09904766316007\n ],\n [\n -106.68685913085938,\n 36.11901826100922\n ],\n [\n -106.68136596679686,\n 36.130110843400146\n ],\n [\n -106.67037963867188,\n 36.140092827322654\n ],\n [\n -106.644287109375,\n 36.16116173423654\n ],\n [\n -106.62094116210938,\n 36.18111652966563\n ],\n [\n -106.59210205078125,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -106.53579711914062,\n 36.1955251660701\n ],\n [\n -106.49734497070312,\n 36.19884985954492\n ],\n [\n -106.44515991210938,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -106.4410400390625,\n 36.22876574685929\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109
http://nm.water.usgs.gov
A combined field and laboratory investigation was conducted to assess five options for creation of a recreational beach on a steep, armored shoreline on the eastern Black Sea coast. All designs incorporated a beach nourishment project placed between two existing, shore-normal, rubble-mound groins. Alternatives included the placement of a nearshore berm, longshore extensions added to the existing groins, and shore-parallel breakwaters. Several alternatives are reviewed for quantifying the performance of each design, including assessment of the change in shoreline position and project volume retained between the groins. Dimensionless benefits and benefit-cost ratios are quantified, and recommendations made on how to select the best outcome from a benefit-to-cost standpoint when options including hard structures are incorporated into a beach nourishment project design.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2016.07.001","usgsCitation":"Karasu, S., Work, P.A., Uzlu, E., Kankal, M., and Yuksek, O., 2016, Beach nourishment alternative assessment to constrain cross-shore and longshore sediment transport: Applied Ocean Research, v. 59, p. 459-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2016.07.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"471","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072859","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","city":"Rize","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.847412109375,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n 39.913330078125,\n 40.76390128094589\n ],\n [\n 41.572265625,\n 41.36856413680967\n ],\n [\n 41.220703125,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n 39.847412109375,\n 41.13729606112276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ad93a0e4b0d183567650ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karasu, Servet","contributorId":173591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasu","given":"Servet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27250,"text":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Paul A. 0000-0002-2815-8040 pwork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-8040","contributorId":168561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Paul","email":"pwork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uzlu, Ergun","contributorId":173592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uzlu","given":"Ergun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27251,"text":"Karadeniz Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kankal, Murat","contributorId":173593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kankal","given":"Murat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27251,"text":"Karadeniz Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yuksek, Omer","contributorId":173594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuksek","given":"Omer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27251,"text":"Karadeniz Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175433,"text":"70175433 - 2016 - Pathway-based approaches for assessment of real-time exposure to an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant effluent on fathead minnow reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T10:14:21","indexId":"70175433","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathway-based approaches for assessment of real-time exposure to an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant effluent on fathead minnow reproduction","docAbstract":"Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are known contributors of chemical mixtures into the environment. Of particular concern are endocrine-disrupting compounds, such as estrogens, which can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in exposed organisms. The present study examined reproductive effects in fathead minnows exposed for 21 d to a historically estrogenic WWTP effluent. Fathead minnow breeding pairs were held in control water or 1 of 3 effluent concentrations (5%, 20%, and 100%) in a novel onsite, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. The authors examined molecular and biochemical endpoints representing key events along adverse outcome pathways linking estrogen receptor activation and other molecular initiating events to reproductive impairment. In addition, the authors used chemical analysis of the effluent to construct a chemical-gene interaction network to aid in targeted gene expression analyses and identifying potentially impacted biological pathways. Cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 100% effluent but increased in those exposed to 20% effluent, the approximate dilution factor in the receiving waters. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations in males increased in a dose-dependent manner with effluent concentration; however, male fertility was not impacted. Although in vitro analyses, analytical chemistry, and biomarker responses confirmed the effluent was estrogenic, estrogen receptor agonists were unlikely the primary driver of impaired reproduction. The results provide insights into the significance of pathway-based effects with regard to predicting adverse reproductive outcomes.
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2016 - Macroinvertebrate community sample collection methods and data collected from Sand Creek and Medano Creek, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado, 2005–07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T12:03:51","indexId":"ds1012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1012","title":"Macroinvertebrate community sample collection methods and data collected from Sand Creek and Medano Creek, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado, 2005–07","docAbstract":"This report provides a table of site descriptions, sample information, and semiquantitative aquatic macroinvertebrate data from 105 samples collected between 2005 and 2007 from 7 stream sites within the Sand Creek and Medano Creek watersheds in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado. Additionally, a short description of sample collection methods and laboratory sample processing procedures is presented. These data were collected in anticipation of assessing the potential effects of fish toxicants on macroinvertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve","usgsCitation":"Ford, M.A., Zuellig, R.E., Walters, D.M., and Bruce, J.F., 2016, Macroinvertebrate community sample collection methods and data collected from Sand Creek and Medano Creek, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado, 2005–07: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1012, 3 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1012.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076746","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1012/ds1012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"796 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1012 Report"},{"id":326376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326379,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1012/ds1012_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1. Description of sites, samples, and macroinvertebrate data","size":"176 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 1012 Appendix"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dunes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.75,\n 37.99\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 37.65\n ],\n [\n -105.42,\n 37.65\n ],\n [\n -105.42,\n 37.99\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 37.99\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director
U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave. Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
http://www.fort.usgs.gov
Director
U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center
Denver Federal Center, MS-415
Building 53
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://co.water.usgs.gov
In the southeastern United States, insular ecosystems—such as rock outcrops, depression wetlands, high-elevation balds, flood-scoured riparian corridors, and insular prairies and barrens—occupy a small fraction of land area but constitute an important source of regional and global biodiversity, including concentrations of rare and endemic plant taxa. Maintenance of this biodiversity depends upon regimes of abiotic stress and disturbance, incorporating factors such as soil surface temperature, widely fluctuating hydrologic conditions, fires, flood scouring, and episodic droughts that may be subject to alteration by climate change. Over several decades, numerous localized, site-level investigations have yielded important information about the floristics, physical environments, and ecological dynamics of these insular ecosystems; however, the literature from these investigations has generally remained fragmented. This report consists of literature syntheses for eight categories of insular ecosystems of the southeastern United States, concerning (1) physical geography, (2) ecological determinants of community structures including vegetation dynamics and regimes of abiotic stress and disturbance, (3) contributions to regional and global biodiversity, (4) historical and current anthropogenic threats and conservation approaches, and (5) key knowledge gaps relevant to conservation, particularly in terms of climate-change effects on biodiversity. This regional synthesis was undertaken to discern patterns across ecosystems, identify knowledge gaps, and lay the groundwork for future analyses of climate-change vulnerability. Findings from this synthesis indicate that, despite their importance to regional and global biodiversity, insular ecosystems of the southeastern United States have been subjected to a variety of direct and indirect human alterations. In many cases, important questions remain concerning key determinants of ecosystem function. In particular, few empirical investigations in these ecosystems have focused on possible climate-change effects, despite the well-documented ecological effects of climate change at a global level. Long-term management of these ecosystems could benefit from increased scientific effort to characterize and quantify the linkages between changing environmental conditions and the ecological processes that sustain biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1828","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., and Wolfe, W.J., 2016, Insular ecosystems of the southeastern United States—A regional synthesis to support biodiversity conservation in a changing climate: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1828, 162 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1828.","productDescription":"viii, 162 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055844","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326108,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163052","text":"Fact Sheet 2016-3052 -","description":"PP 1828","linkHelpText":"Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Southeastern United States"},{"id":326109,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
http://tn.water.usgs.gov/
Two recent investigations of climate-change vulnerability for 19 terrestrial, aquatic, riparian, and coastal ecosystems of the southeastern United States have identified a number of important considerations, including potential for changes in hydrology, disturbance regimes, and interspecies interactions. Complementary approaches using geospatial analysis and literature synthesis integrated information on ecosystem biogeography and biodiversity, climate projections, vegetation dynamics, soil and water characteristics, anthropogenic threats, conservation status, sea-level rise, and coastal flooding impacts. Across a diverse set of ecosystems—ranging in size from dozens of square meters to thousands of square kilometers—quantitative and qualitative assessments identified types of climate-change exposure, evaluated sensitivity, and explored potential adaptive capacity. These analyses highlighted key gaps in scientific understanding and suggested priorities for future research. Together, these studies help create a foundation for ecosystem-level analysis of climate-change vulnerability to support effective biodiversity conservation in the southeastern United States.
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\"}}]}","contact":"U.S. Department of the Interior
Southeast Climate Science Center
North Carolina State University
127 David Clark Labs
Campus Box 7617
Raleigh, NC 27695
https://globalchange.ncsu.edu/secsc/