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Two identical cone splitters, devices designed to split water and its suspended solids into equal aliquots for semi-volatile organic chemical and trace element analyses, were evaluated for their precision. The water-splitting evaluations consisted of experiments to test the effect of water volume, the effect of combining outlet ports, and the effect of different techniques of water introduction. The solids-splitting evaluations consisted of experi- ments to test the effect of particle size (nine different particle diameters ranging from very coarse sand to clay) and suspended-solids concentration. In general, water was equally split with a precision of less than 5 percent relative standard deviation. The accuracy of splitting the solids was a function of particle size. Clay, silt, and fine and medium sand were split with a precision relative standard deviation of less than 7 percent, and coarse sand was split with a relative standard deviation between 12 and 45 percent.

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No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108960,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18556.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18556"},{"id":161100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0827/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19581,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0827/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19582,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0827/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19383,"text":"ofr95403 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr95403","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-403","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Lake, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95403","usgsCitation":"Hogan, E., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-403, 1 v. 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95403.","productDescription":"1 v. 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0403/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a28d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, E.V.","contributorId":101688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31943,"text":"ofr95823 - 1995 - Kinematic and subsidence modeling of the north-central Brooks Range and North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"ofr95823","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-823","title":"Kinematic and subsidence modeling of the north-central Brooks Range and North Slope of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95823","usgsCitation":"Cole, F.E., Bird, K.J., Toro, J., Roure, F., and Howell, D.G., 1995, Kinematic and subsidence modeling of the north-central Brooks Range and North Slope of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-823, 1 map : col. ; 45 x 17 cm., on sheet 66 x 65 cm., folded to 23 x 17 cm. + 2 data sheets (ill., map ; 46 x 93 cm.) + 1 booklet (4 p. ; 28 cm.) ; scale 1:500,000 (1 inch = about 8 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95823.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 45 x 17 cm., on sheet 66 x 65 cm., folded to 23 x 17 cm. + 2 data sheets (ill., map ; 46 x 93 cm.) + 1 booklet (4 p. ; 28 cm.) ; scale 1:500,000 (1 inch = about 8 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0823/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19578,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0823/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19579,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0823/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19580,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0823/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60096,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0823/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Frances E.","contributorId":95519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toro, Jaime","contributorId":44591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toro","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roure, Francois","contributorId":59853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roure","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23239,"text":"ofr95424 - 1995 - Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T11:15:37","indexId":"ofr95424","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-424","title":"Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95424","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Greene, E.A., and Shapiro, A.M., 1995, Methods of conducting air-pressurized slug tests and computation of type curves for estimating transmissivity and storativity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-424, v, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95424.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0424/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0424/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24482,"text":"ofr95367 - 1995 - Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:55:46","indexId":"ofr95367","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-367","title":"Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Borax Lake is located in southeastern Oregon, within the Alvord Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area. Borax Lake is a large hot spring; there are more than 50 smaller hot springs within about one-half mile to the north of the lake. Several geothermal exploration wells have been drilled near Borax Lake, and there is concern that development of the geothermal resources could affect the lake and nearby hot springs. A factor to consider in developing the resource is that the Borax Lake chub is an endangered species of fish that is found exclusively in Borax Lake.

\n

This study was designed to collect basic hydrologic data to develop a long-term monitoring plan. Baseline data, collected before geothermal production wells are used extensively, will provide an understanding of natural trends and will help identify change caused by development.

\n

Basic data collected during reconnaissance field visits to the area included spring temperatures, specific conductances, and discharge; field measurements in wells included water-level measurements and temperature, specific conductance, and discharge measurements in flowing wells. The study of the Borax Lake area included depth and temperature measurements in the vent area of the lake, point velocity measurements, underwater video photography, and an evaluation of methods to measure discharge from the lake. Water-quality samples were collected at Borax Lake, one hot spring, and one flowing well.

\n

Information from field visits was used to develop a monitoring plan. The plan would include monitoring Borax Lake by measuring discharge, stage, evaporation, temperature, and specific conductance; water-quality sampling and analysis; and monitoring shallow ground-water levels near Borax Lake using shallow piezometers. Minimally, one hot spring in North Borax Lake Spring Group 1 would be monitored for temperature and specific conductance and sampled for water-quality analysis. In addition, two flowing wells would be monitored for water levels, temperature, specific conductance, and discharge and sampled for water-quality analysis. The construction characteristics of these wells must be verified before long-term data collection begins. In the future, it may be helpful to monitor shallow and (or) deep observation wells drilled into the thermal aquifer to understand the possible effects of geothermal development on Borax Lake and nearby springs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95367","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Schneider, T.R., and McFarland, W.D., 1995, Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-367, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95367.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416.33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Borax Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Tiffany Rae","contributorId":52610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"Rae","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, William D.","contributorId":18738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24608,"text":"ofr92131 - 1995 - Water wells on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr92131","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-131","title":"Water wells on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92131","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J., and Kessler, R., 1995, Water wells on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-131, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92131.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efeb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, J.I.","contributorId":105716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Richard","contributorId":104926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22460,"text":"ofr95663 - 1995 - Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr95663","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-663","title":"Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95663","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bennett, M., and Tinsley, J.C., 1995, Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-663, 358 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95663.","productDescription":"358 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0663/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0663/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22186,"text":"ofr95378 - 1995 - Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T12:58:08","indexId":"ofr95378","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-378","title":"Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95378","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Edmunds, J.L., Cole, B., Cloern, J., Caffrey, J., and Jassby, A., 1995, Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem: Pilot regional monitoring program results, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-378, 440 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95378.","productDescription":"440 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmunds, Jody L.","contributorId":10452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22252,"text":"ofr95273 - 1995 - Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T18:52:00.136723","indexId":"ofr95273","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-273","title":"Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"

Mount Rainier—at 4393 meters (14,410 feet) the highest peak in the Cascade Range—is a dormant volcano whose load of glacier ice exceeds that of any other mountain in the conterminous United States. This tremendous mass of rock and ice, in combination with great topographic relief, poses a variety of geologic hazards, both during inevitable future eruptions and during the intervening periods of repose.

The volcano’s past behavior is the best guide to possible future hazards. The written history of Mount Rainier encompasses the period since about A.D. 1820, during which time one or two small eruptions, many small debris flows, and several small debris avalanches have occurred. This time interval is far too brief to serve as a basis for estimating the future behavior of a volcano that is several hundreds of thousands of years old. Fortunately, prehistoric deposits record the types, magnitudes, and frequencies of past events, and show which areas were affected by them. At Mount Rainier, as at other Cascade volcanoes, deposits produced since the latest ice age (approximately during the past 10,000 years) are well preserved. Studies of these deposits reveal that we should anticipate potential hazards from some phenomena that only occur during eruptions and from others that may occur without eruptive activity. Tephra falls, pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic surges, ballistic projectiles, and lava flows occur only during eruptions. Debris avalanches, debris flows, and floods commonly accompany eruptions, but can also occur during dormant periods.

This report (1) explains the various types of hazardous geologic phenomena that could occur at Mount Rainier, (2) shows areas that are most likely to be affected by the different phenomena, (3) estimates the likelihood that the areas will be affected, and (4) recommends actions that can be taken to protect lives and property. It builds upon and revises a similar document prepared by D.R. Crandell in 1973. Our revision was motivated by the availability of new information about Mount Rainier’s geologic history, by advances in the field of volcanology, and by the need to assess hazards in a more quantitative manner than in Crandell’s pioneering report.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95273","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., Walder, J.S., Driedger, C.L., Scott, K.M., Pringle, P.T., and Vallance, J., 1995, Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-273, Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 38.00 × 70.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95273.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 38.00 × 70.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278059,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0273/pdf/of95-273_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278060,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0273/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278061,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0273/pdf/of95-273_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408053,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18436.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.472,\n 46.434\n ],\n [\n -121.444,\n 46.434\n ],\n [\n -121.444,\n 47.245\n ],\n [\n -122.472,\n 47.245\n ],\n [\n -122.472,\n 46.434\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd89d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. 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T.","contributorId":39806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":24796,"text":"ofr95394 - 1995 - Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"ofr95394","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-394","title":"Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, were collected from April 1994 to March 1995. Water samples were analyzed for major ions and trace elements, nutrients, methylene blue active substances, and oil and grease. Field measurements were made for discharge, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity. Additional data collected include vertical water profiles of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen collected at 3.3-foot intervals for Gull and Silver Lakes; chlorophyll-a and -b concentrations and Secchi depth for Gull and Silver Lakes; sediment interstitial- water nutrient concentrations in cores from Gull Lake; and lake surface and volume of Gull and Silver Lakes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95394","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Rockwell, G., and Blodgett, J.C., 1995, Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-394, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95394.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0394/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0394/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, G.L.","contributorId":47408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22314,"text":"ofr95437 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Deadhorse, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr95437","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-437","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Deadhorse, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95437","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Alcorn, M., and Dorava, J., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Deadhorse, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-437, 1 v.19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95437.","productDescription":"1 v.19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0437/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51726,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0437/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alcorn, M.G.","contributorId":76342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23727,"text":"ofr95695 - 1995 - A clarification, correction, and updating of Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction scenarios and response plans (USGS Open-File Report 87-192)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr95695","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-695","title":"A clarification, correction, and updating of Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction scenarios and response plans (USGS Open-File Report 87-192)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95695","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A., and Lim, M., 1995, A clarification, correction, and updating of Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction scenarios and response plans (USGS Open-File Report 87-192): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-695, 1 v. 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95695.","productDescription":"1 v. 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0695/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0695/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4987e4b0b290850ef400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lim, M.R.","contributorId":107736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lim","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22313,"text":"ofr95409 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr95409","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-409","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95409","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Alcorn, M., and Dorava, J., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-409, 1 v. 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95409.","productDescription":"1 v. 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0409/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alcorn, M.G.","contributorId":76342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22315,"text":"ofr95412 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr95412","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-412","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Juneau, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95412","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Alcorn, M., and Hogan, E., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-412, 1 v. 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95412.","productDescription":"1 v. 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51727,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alcorn, M.G.","contributorId":76342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogan, E.V.","contributorId":101688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22096,"text":"ofr95694 - 1995 - Recent sediment accumulation in Lake George, Lake County, Hobart, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T15:35:04.059979","indexId":"ofr95694","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-694","title":"Recent sediment accumulation in Lake George, Lake County, Hobart, Indiana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95694","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Folger, D.W., Fisher, M., Parolski, K.F., and Irwin, B., 1995, Recent sediment accumulation in Lake George, Lake County, Hobart, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-694, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95694.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51542,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0694/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0694/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Lake George","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.30594635009766,\n 41.50382078231442\n ],\n [\n -87.25118637084961,\n 41.50382078231442\n ],\n [\n -87.25118637084961,\n 41.545589036668105\n ],\n [\n -87.30594635009766,\n 41.545589036668105\n ],\n [\n -87.30594635009766,\n 41.50382078231442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, D. 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F.","contributorId":99173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22201,"text":"ofr9596 - 1995 - The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T10:34:02","indexId":"ofr9596","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-96","title":"The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database","docAbstract":"Crystalline basement in central California extends westward from the exposed Sierra Nevada beneath the sedimentary fill of the Great Valley and under the eastern edge of the Coast Ranges at mid-crustal depth. The surface of this basement is defined from three types of control: in the Sierra Nevada from the topography itself, beneath the eastern two thirds of the Great Valley in considerable detail from numerous wells drilled for oil and gas, and beneath the western San Joaquin Valley in less detail from seismic reflection and refraction profiles. Together, these data demonstrate that the surface of crystalline rock is continuous from the exposed rock in the mountains to the top of high-velocity rock buried deep beneath the eastern front of the southern Coast Ranges. This report presents a compilation of data through 1985 that define the surface of this crystalline basement, a contour map of the surface, and the lithology of the basement rock sampled by many of the wells. The compilation was begun as part of the investigation of the 1983 Coalinga earthquake, and was subsequently converted to digital form and extended to the whole of the Great Valley and Sierra Nevada. The main purpose was to explore and document the shape and continuity of the basement surface and to determine the relation of the surface to the tectonic wedge hypothesis (Wentworth and others, 1984; Wentworth and Zoback, 1989). Available basement samples from wells - principally the thin-section collection of May and Hewitt (1948) preserved by the California Academy of Sciences - were also reexamined by cooperating petrologists in an effort to distinguish wells that bottomed in ophiolitic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9596","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C.M., Fisher, G., Levine, P., and Jachens, R.C., 1995, The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database (Version 1.1; Version 1.11, Revised June 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-96, 18 p.; Figure 1 JPEG; ReadMe TXT File; Digital Database Package Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9596.","productDescription":"18 p.; Figure 1 JPEG; ReadMe TXT File; Digital Database Package Zip File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"1985-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_95_96.jpg"},{"id":10462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/96/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coast Ranges;Great Valley;Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1; Version 1.11, Revised June 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, G. 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