Consistent identification of diatoms is a prerequisite for studying their ecology, biogeography, and successful application as environmental indicators. However, taxonomic consistency among observers has been difficult to achieve because taxonomic information is scattered across numerous literature sources, presenting challenges to the diatomist. Firstly, literature is often inaccessible because of cost or its location in journals that are not widely circulated. Secondly, taxonomic revisions of diatoms are taking place faster than floras can be updated. Finally, taxonomic information is often contradictory across literature sources. These issues can be addressed by developing a content creation community dedicated to making taxonomic, ecological, and image-based data freely available for diatom researchers. Diatoms.org represents such a content curation community, providing open, online access to a vast amount of recent and historical information on North American diatom taxonomy and ecology. The content curation community aggregates existing taxonomic information, creates new content, and provides feedback in the form of corrections and notices of literature with nomenclatural changes. The website not only addresses the needs of experienced diatom scientists for consistent identification but is also designed to meet users at their level of expertise, including engaging the lay public in the importance of diatom science. The website now contains over 1000 species pages contributed by over 100 content contributors, from students to established scientists. The project began with the intent to provide accurate information on diatom identification, ecology, and distribution using an approach that incorporates engaging design, user feedback, and advanced data access technology. In retrospect, the project that began as an ‘extended electronic book’ has emerged not only as a means to support taxonomists, but for practitioners to communicate and collaborate, expanding the size of and benefits to the content curation community. In this paper, we outline the development of diatoms.org, document key elements of the project, examine ongoing challenges and consider the unexpected emergent properties, including the value of diatoms.org as a source of data. Ultimately, if the field of diatom taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity is to be relevant, a new generation of taxonomists needs to be trained and employed using new tools. We propose that diatoms.org is in a key position to serve as a hub of training and continuity for the study of diatom biodiversity and aquatic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0269249X.2021.2006790","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S., Potapova, M., Bishop, I., Lee, S.S., Gasperak, T., Jovanoska, E., Furey, P.C., and Edlund, M.B., 2021, Diatoms.org: Supporting taxonomists, connecting communities: Diatom Research, v. 36, no. 4, p. 291-304, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2021.2006790.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"304","ipdsId":"IP-126410","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.2021.2006790","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":223186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":279822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[{"id":57366,"text":"Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Ian W.","contributorId":207505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Ian W.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Sylvia S.","contributorId":41746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Sylvia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gasperak, Tim","contributorId":279824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasperak","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57369,"text":"Strange Attractor LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jovanoska, Elena","contributorId":279823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jovanoska","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57367,"text":"Senckenberg Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furey, Paula C.","contributorId":279825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furey","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":57370,"text":"St. Catherine University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Edlund, Mark B.","contributorId":104335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edlund","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70251552,"text":"70251552 - 2021 - Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T13:06:36.260989","indexId":"70251552","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-16T07:05:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2021","docAbstract":"A comprehensive understanding of fish populations and their interactions is the cornerstone of modern fishery management and the basis for Lake Erie’s Fish Community Goals and Objectives (FCOs) developed in 2020 (Francis et al. 2020). The 2021 USGS Lake Erie Biological Station annual report is responsive to these FCOs and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) obligations via a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in 2004 with the GLFC Council of Lake Committees (CLC) to provide scientific information in support of fishery management. Goals for the USGS Great Lakes Deepwater Fish Assessment and Ecological Studies were to monitor long-term changes in the fish community and population dynamics of key fishes of interest to management agencies (MOU 2004). Specific to Lake Erie, expectations of the MOU were sustained investigations of native percids, forage (prey) fish populations, and Lake Trout. Additionally, this work was conducted under the authority of the Great Lakes Fishery Research Authorization Act of 2019.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Dufour, M.R., Hilling, C.D., Keretz, K.R., Kraus, R.T., Oldham, R.C., Roberts, J., and Schmitt, J., 2021, Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2021, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138896","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"http://www.glfc.org/"},{"id":425722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.94328472654291,\n 42.45303920377259\n ],\n [\n -83.94328472654291,\n 41.175748153693036\n ],\n [\n -82.10856792966806,\n 41.175748153693036\n ],\n [\n -82.10856792966806,\n 42.45303920377259\n ],\n [\n -83.94328472654291,\n 42.45303920377259\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 0000-0001-6930-7666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-7666","contributorId":291450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilling, Corbin David 0000-0003-4040-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9516","contributorId":298946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilling","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keretz, Kevin R. 0000-0002-4808-8350 kkeretz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-8350","contributorId":5859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keretz","given":"Kevin","email":"kkeretz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0001-5280-6530 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-6530","contributorId":334185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oldham, Richard Cole 0000-0002-2331-7612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-7612","contributorId":294345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldham","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Cole","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmitt, Joseph 0000-0002-8354-4067","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-4067","contributorId":221020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70224323,"text":"70224323 - 2021 - A Year-long Hydroacoustic Survey of the Mariana Islands Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T15:24:55.827485","indexId":"70224323","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-15T10:20:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A Year-long Hydroacoustic Survey of the Mariana Islands Region","docAbstract":"The Mariana Islands region hosts interesting geological features as well as abundant biodiversity. The subduction zone and back-arc spreading center have led to active volcanism that can have impacts on local islanders, aircraft flying in the region, and military activities. We deployed a small aperture hydrophone array from June 2017 to June 2018 in the Marianas back-arc to better characterize submarine volcanic activity in the region. In addition, we recorded other activity, including calls from historically understudied Bryde’s whales and T-phases from earthquakes. Here, we describe and discuss preliminary results from the array.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceans 2021: San Diego – Porto","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto","conferenceDate":"Sep 20-23, 2021","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Oceanic Engineering Society","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS44145.2021.9705805","usgsCitation":"Tepp, G., Dziak, R.P., Haney, M.M., Roche, L., and Matsumoto, H., 2021, A Year-long Hydroacoustic Survey of the Mariana Islands Region, in Oceans 2021: San Diego – Porto, San Diego, CA, Sep 20-23, 2021, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS44145.2021.9705805.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131626","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 143.096923828125,\n 11.275386692600028\n ],\n [\n 146.76635742187497,\n 11.275386692600028\n ],\n [\n 146.76635742187497,\n 16.909683615558635\n ],\n [\n 143.096923828125,\n 16.909683615558635\n ],\n [\n 143.096923828125,\n 11.275386692600028\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepp, Gabrielle 0000-0001-5388-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5138","contributorId":206305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dziak, Robert P. 0000-0001-8775-3416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-3416","contributorId":257794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dziak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":52124,"text":"NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roche, Lauren","contributorId":217093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Lauren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39568,"text":"Oregon State University/CIMRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matsumoto, Haru","contributorId":217091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"Haru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39568,"text":"Oregon State University/CIMRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227943,"text":"70227943 - 2021 - Short-term survival of lake whitefish following surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters using chemical anesthesia and electroimmobilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T16:58:47.953837","indexId":"70227943","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T10:47:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term survival of lake whitefish following surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters using chemical anesthesia and electroimmobilization","docAbstract":"The recreational, tribal, and commercial importance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) has prompted interest in conducting large-scale telemetry studies to evaluate movement patterns, stock structure, and spatial distribution of fish relative to fishing effort in the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the postoperative effects of intracoelomic transmitter implantation and the use of different anesthetic agents and immobilization techniques during surgery on the survival of lake whitefish. Consequently, we evaluated 48-h survival of lake whitefish following intracoelomic implantation of acoustic transmitters using chemical anesthesia (i.e., Aqui-S 20E®) and electroimmobilization through a series of field surgery trials during November 2016 and 2017. Lake whitefish were collected using electrofishing and assigned to treatment groups including: 1) a loop tag; 2) a loop tag and acoustic transmitter with no anesthesia or immobilization; 3) a loop tag and transmitter using Aqui-S 20E®; 4) a loop tag and transmitter using electroimmobilization; and 5) reference fish. In treatments involving anesthesia or immobilization, induction and recovery times were recorded, and all fish were monitored for postoperative mortality. After 48 h, all fish that underwent anesthesia or immobilization during surgery were alive, but 4 of 25 (16%) fish that underwent surgery without anesthesia or immobilization died within 48 h. Induction and recovery times were substantially shorter for fish immobilized with electricity (induction time: instantaneous; recovery time < 20 s) than for those anesthetized with Aqui-S 20E® (induction time > 200 s; recovery time > 500 s). Results indicate that survival of lake whitefish following surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters was high when surgeries were conducted with Aqui-S 20E® or electroimmobilization. Compared to using Aqui-S 20E®, electroimmobilization can provide shorter induction and recovery times and may be a preferred option for field-based tagging activities with limitations on time and fish holding capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/adv_limnol/2021/0062","usgsCitation":"Dembkowski, D., Isermann, D.A., Vandergoot, C., Hansen, S.P., and Binder, T., 2021, Short-term survival of lake whitefish following surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters using chemical anesthesia and electroimmobilization: Advances in Limnology, v. 66, p. 173-187, https://doi.org/10.1127/adv_limnol/2021/0062.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"187","ipdsId":"IP-094335","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 44.28453670601888\n ],\n [\n -76.4813232421875,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -77.113037109375,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -79.2938232421875,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -79.9090576171875,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -79.2718505859375,\n 43.153101551466385\n ],\n [\n -78.6236572265625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.213183300738876\n ],\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 43.22519255488632\n ],\n [\n -76.102294921875,\n 43.56845179881218\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 44.28453670601888\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.870849609375,\n 42.75104599038353\n ],\n [\n -78.8763427734375,\n 42.896088552971065\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 42.88803956056295\n ],\n [\n -80.2386474609375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 42.61374895431491\n ],\n [\n -81.2933349609375,\n 42.69051116998238\n ],\n [\n -82.1722412109375,\n 42.24071874922666\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 42.05745022024682\n ],\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 42.05337156043361\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -83.22143554687499,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -83.5345458984375,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -83.353271484375,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -83.0401611328125,\n 41.43860847395721\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.36444153054222\n ],\n [\n -81.9964599609375,\n 41.47977575214487\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 42.20817645934742\n ],\n [\n -78.9312744140625,\n 42.63799988907408\n ],\n [\n -78.870849609375,\n 42.75104599038353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -80.870361328125,\n 44.5435052132082\n ],\n [\n -80.760498046875,\n 44.66083904265621\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 44.41024041296011\n ],\n [\n -79.903564453125,\n 44.77013681219717\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 46.38483322349276\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -84.100341796875,\n 46.03510927947334\n ],\n [\n -84.803466796875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -84.715576171875,\n 45.729191061299915\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -83.682861328125,\n 45.31352900692258\n ],\n [\n -83.441162109375,\n 45.1742925240767\n ],\n [\n -83.46313476562499,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -83.309326171875,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -83.441162109375,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -83.880615234375,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -83.660888671875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -83.22143554687499,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -82.781982421875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -82.540283203125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -82.408447265625,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 43.46886761482925\n ],\n [\n -81.727294921875,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -81.595458984375,\n 44.268804788566165\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -86.46240234375,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -85.97900390625,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -84.79248046875,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -86.50634765625,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -86.59423828125,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -87.29736328125,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -87.12158203125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 41.623655390686395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -84.52880859375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 47.62097541515849\n ],\n [\n -84.79248046875,\n 48.004625021133904\n ],\n [\n -85.8251953125,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 48.879167148960214\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 48.531157010976706\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 48.61838518688487\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -90.59326171875,\n 47.76886840424207\n ],\n [\n -92.21923828124999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 47.41322033016902\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 47.204642388766935\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -87.34130859375,\n 46.42271253466717\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -86.81396484375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -86.59423828125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -84.79248046875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 46.5739667965278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dembkowski, Daniel J.","contributorId":265436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Scott P.","contributorId":79837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Binder, Thomas R.","contributorId":23056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227786,"text":"70227786 - 2021 - Improved wetland soil organic carbon stocks of the conterminous U.S. through data harmonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T15:46:01.075703","indexId":"70227786","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-31T09:32:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10069,"text":"Frontiers in Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved wetland soil organic carbon stocks of the conterminous U.S. through data harmonization","docAbstract":"Wetland soil stocks are important global repositories of carbon (C) but are difficult to quantify and model due to varying sampling protocols, and geomorphic/spatio-temporal discontinuity. Merging scales of soil-survey spatial extents with wetland-specific point-based data offers an explicit, empirical and updatable improvement for regional and continental scale soil C stock assessments. Agency-collected (U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and community-contributed soil datasets were compared for representativeness and bias, with the goal of producing a harmonized national map of wetland soil C stocks with error quantification for wetland areas of the conterminous United States (CONUS) identified by the USGS National Landcover Change Dataset (NLCD). This allowed application of an empirical predictive model of SOC density to be applied across the entire CONUS using relational %OC distribution alone. A broken-stick quantile-regression model identified %OC with its relatively high analytical confidence as a key predictor of SOC density in soil segments; soils less than 6%OC (hereafter, mineral wetland soils, 85% of the dataset) had a strong linear relationship of %OC to SOC density (RMSE = 0.0059, ~4% mean RMSE) and soils greater than 6%OC (organic wetland soils, 15% of the dataset) had virtually no predictive relationship of %OC to SOC density (RMSE = 0.0348 g C cm-3, ~56% mean RMSE). Disaggregation by vegetation type (woody v. emergent herbaceous), or region did not alter the breakpoint significantly (6% OC) nor improve model accuracies for inland and tidal wetlands. Similarly, SOC stocks in tidal wetlands were related to %OC, but without a mappable product for disaggregation to improve accuracy by soil class, region or depth. Our layered, harmonized CONUS wetland soil maps have now revised wetland SOC stock estimates downward by 24% (9.5 vs. 12.5Pg C) with the overestimation being entirely an issue of inland, organic wetland soils, (35% lower than SSURGO-derived SOC stocks). Further, SSURGO underestimated soil carbon stocks at depth, as modeled wetland SOC stocks for organic-rich soils showed significant preservation downcore in the NWCA dataset (<3% loss between 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm depths) in contrast to mineral-rich soils (37% downcore stock loss). Future CONUS wetland soil C assessments will benefit from focused attention on improved organic wetland soil measurements, land history, and spatial representativeness.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2021.706701","usgsCitation":"Uhran, B.R., Windham-Myers, L., Bliss, N.B., Nahlik, A.M., Sundquist, E.T., and Stagg, C.L., 2021, Improved wetland soil organic carbon stocks of the conterminous U.S. through data harmonization: Frontiers in Soil Science, v. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2021.706701.","productDescription":"706701, 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-123603","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2021.706701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1PIX3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Harmonizing wetland soil organic carbon datasets to improve spatial representation of 2011 soil carbon stocks in the conterminous United States"},{"id":395141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sulman, Benjamin N. 0000-0002-3265-6691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-6691","contributorId":209890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulman","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7108,"text":"Princeton Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Uhran, Bergit Rose 0000-0003-2074-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-5248","contributorId":272619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhran","given":"Bergit","email":"","middleInitial":"Rose","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nahlik, Amanda M. 0000-0003-0591-375X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-375X","contributorId":272622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nahlik","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sundquist, Eric T. 0000-0002-1449-8802 esundqui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-8802","contributorId":1922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","email":"esundqui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70227663,"text":"70227663 - 2021 - Genomic and environmental influences on resilience in a cold-water fish near the edge of its range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T12:43:19.183323","indexId":"70227663","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-25T06:39:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic and environmental influences on resilience in a cold-water fish near the edge of its range","docAbstract":"Small, isolated populations present a challenge for conservation. The dueling effects of selection and drift in a limited pool of genetic diversity make the responses of small populations to environmental perturbations erratic and difficult to predict. This is particularly true at the edge of a species range, where populations often persist at the limits of their environmental tolerances. Populations of cisco, Coregonus artedi, in inland lakes have experienced numerous extirpations along the southern edge of their range in recent decades, which are thought to result from environmental degradation and loss of cold, well-oxygenated habitat as lakes warm. Yet, cisco extirpations do not show a clear latitudinal pattern, suggesting that local environmental factors and potentially local adaptation may influence resilience. Here, we used genomic tools to investigate the nature of this pattern of resilience. We used restriction site-associated DNA capture (Rapture) sequencing to survey genomic diversity and differentiation in southern inland lake cisco populations and compared the frequency of deleterious mutations that potentially influence fitness across lakes. We also examined haplotype diversity in a region of the major histocompatibility complex involved in stress and immune system response. We correlated these metrics to spatial and environmental factors including latitude, lake size, and measures of oxythermal habitat and found significant relationships between genetic metrics and broad and local factors. High levels of genetic differentiation among populations were punctuated by a phylogeographic break and residual patterns of isolation-by-distance. Although the prevalence of deleterious mutations and inbreeding coefficients was significantly correlated with latitude, neutral and non-neutral genetic diversity were most strongly correlated with lake surface area. Notably, differences among lakes in the availability of estimated oxythermal habitat left no clear population genomic signature. Our results shed light on the complex dynamics influencing these isolated populations and provide valuable information for their conservation.
A portable suction-dredge and sluice-box system were used to collect larval lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp.) from fine and coarse sediment in field and laboratory tests. We evaluated the injury rate, survival, and burrowing capability of lamprey following passage through the dredge system and used collection of lamprey from water without sediment as a control. The system used a hydraulic eductor (also known as a Venturi valve) to create suction so that sediment and lamprey avoided passage through the pump impeller. For the field test, lamprey were tagged with visible elastomer implants based on small (89 millimeter [mm] or less) and large (92 mm or more) size categories and stocked into mesh enclosures over fine or coarse sediment. The dredge was used inside each enclosure to collect lamprey and they were transported to the laboratory for evaluation and holding. The mean time to burrow was recorded for each study group (3 fine, 3 coarse, 3 controls) on the day of the field test; injury was evaluated at 24 hours; and survival was evaluated at 24 hours, and at 7 and 14 days after the test. The suction dredge collected 32 lamprey in fine sediment, 21 lamprey in coarse sediment, and 28 lamprey in the control group, including 30 lamprey that were not initially stocked. One lamprey died the day of the test (fine sediment) and 24 hours later, three lamprey were found to be injured (2 in fine and 1 in coarse sediment). No injuries or mortalities occurred in the control group. Lamprey burrowing performance was similar across the two treatment groups and the controls. The mean time for all fish in a group to burrow was highly variable. For all groups in a treatment combined, the mean burrow times were fastest for the fine treatment (9.8 minutes), followed by the controls (11.4 minutes) and the coarse treatment (11.6 minutes). The mean times to burrow for the main group of fish in each treatment group (those that burrowed in quick succession) were similar: 4.3 minutes for the fine group, 4.4 minutes for the coarse group, and 4.5 minutes for the controls. The laboratory test collected 147 lamprey (73 small and 74 large size category) from coarse sediment using the same procedures as the field test. One fish (small) was killed the day of the test, and six lamprey (3 small and 3 large) were found with injuries during the 24-hour exams. No mortalities were recorded 7 days after the test, when monitoring was terminated. The overall injury rate for the laboratory test was 4.1 percent and the mortality rate was 0.7 percent. Injuries in the field and laboratory tests were localized minor hemorrhages or red, irritated areas. The suction- dredge system appears to be a safe option to collect larval lamprey from sediment and will be a useful addition to lamprey assessment and salvage tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Skalicky, J.J., and Weiland, L.K., 2022, Collection of larval lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp.) using a portable suction dredge—A pilot test: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1116, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211116.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129003","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B337X6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Evaluating injury and mortality to larval lamprey collected out of sediment using a portable suction dredge"},{"id":394472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1116/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":394473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1116/ofr20212116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1116"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.8229293823242,\n 45.68651588881847\n ],\n [\n -121.74190521240234,\n 45.68651588881847\n ],\n [\n -121.74190521240234,\n 45.74380820334429\n ],\n [\n -121.8229293823242,\n 45.74380820334429\n ],\n [\n -121.8229293823242,\n 45.68651588881847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Grandview, Missouri, assessed flooding of the Little Blue River at Grandview resulting from varying precipitation magnitudes and durations and expected land-cover changes. The precipitation scenarios were used to develop a library of flood-inundation maps that included a 3.5-mile reach of the Little Blue River and tributaries within and adjacent to the city.
A hydrologic model of the upper Little Blue River Basin and a hydraulic model of a selected study reach of the Little Blue River and tributaries were constructed to assess streamflow magnitudes associated with simulated precipitation amounts and the resulting flood-inundation conditions. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS; version 4.4.1) was used to simulate the amount of streamflow produced from a range of rain events. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC–RAS; version 5.0.7) was then used to construct a steady-state hydraulic model to map resulting areas of flood inundation.
Both models were calibrated to the May 28, 2020, high-flow event that produced a peak streamflow approximating a 10-percent annual exceedance probability (10-year flood-frequency recurrence interval) at the Little Blue River at Grandview streamgage (USGS station 06893750). The calibrated HEC–HMS model was used to simulate streamflows from design rainfall events of 1- to 8-hour durations and ranging from a 100- to 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability. Flood-inundation maps were produced for USGS streamflow stages of 17.0 feet (ft), or near bankfull, to 23.0 ft, or a stage exceeding the 0.2-percent annual exceedance interval flood, using the HEC–RAS model. The consequence of each precipitation duration-frequency value was represented by a 1-ft increment inundation map based on the generated peak streamflow from that rainfall event and the corresponding stage at the reference USGS streamgage.
Four scenarios were developed with the HEC–HMS hydrologic model: (1) current (2016) land cover, normal antecedent soil-moisture conditions; (2) current land cover, wet antecedent soil-moisture conditions; (3) future land cover, normal antecedent soil-moisture conditions; and (4) future land cover, wet antecedent soil-moisture conditions. The future land-cover condition was estimated based on anticipated development in the basin. All precipitation scenarios were input into each of the four land-cover antecedent moisture conditions and then assigned to a resulting flood-inundation map based on the generated peak flow and corresponding stage at the reference streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Grandview, Missouri","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Voss, J.D., and Rydlund, P.H., Jr., 2021, Precipitation-driven flood-inundation mapping of the Little Blue River at Grandview, Missouri (ver. 1.1, January 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5068, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215068.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 19 p.; 2 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127298","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501949,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_111580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394027,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5068/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2021–5068 version history"},{"id":387436,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":387435,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JLOM4K","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data and hydraulic-model archive for evaluation of flood-inundation maps developed for a reach of the Little Blue River at Grandview, Missouri"},{"id":387434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G68JQQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Archive of hydrologic models used to generate flood peaks based on selected precipitation durations and recurrence intervals for the Little Blue River Basin, Grandview, Missouri"},{"id":387433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5068/sir20215068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5068"},{"id":387432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5068/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Grandview","otherGeospatial":"Little Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.1223,38.8323],[-94.1308,38.6558],[-94.1196,38.6556],[-94.1218,38.5689],[-94.064,38.5665],[-94.0678,38.4658],[-94.0648,38.4659],[-94.0652,38.4545],[-94.065,38.4473],[-94.0674,38.4468],[-94.0679,38.4468],[-94.0685,38.4468],[-94.0697,38.4468],[-94.0703,38.4468],[-94.0709,38.4472],[-94.0715,38.4477],[-94.0715,38.4486],[-94.0721,38.449],[-94.0727,38.449],[-94.0733,38.449],[-94.0733,38.4481],[-94.0738,38.4476],[-94.075,38.4476],[-94.0762,38.4476],[-94.0768,38.4476],[-94.0774,38.448],[-94.0762,38.4485],[-94.0756,38.4485],[-94.0751,38.4494],[-94.0757,38.4503],[-94.0763,38.4512],[-94.0763,38.4521],[-94.0769,38.4521],[-94.0775,38.4521],[-94.0786,38.4521],[-94.0792,38.4516],[-94.0792,38.4507],[-94.0792,38.4498],[-94.0798,38.4498],[-94.0804,38.4494],[-94.0809,38.4498],[-94.0815,38.4498],[-94.0816,38.4507],[-94.0816,38.4516],[-94.0816,38.453],[-94.0828,38.4534],[-94.084,38.4534],[-94.0846,38.4538],[-94.0852,38.4547],[-94.0864,38.4556],[-94.087,38.4561],[-94.0875,38.4556],[-94.0881,38.4547],[-94.0887,38.4533],[-94.0892,38.4524],[-94.0898,38.4524],[-94.0904,38.4547],[-94.0911,38.4556],[-94.0917,38.456],[-94.0923,38.4569],[-94.0923,38.4578],[-94.0929,38.4583],[-94.0935,38.4583],[-94.0941,38.4583],[-94.094,38.4573],[-94.0946,38.4569],[-94.0952,38.456],[-94.0958,38.456],[-94.0958,38.4551],[-94.0963,38.455],[-94.0969,38.455],[-94.1016,38.4545],[-94.1022,38.455],[-94.1028,38.4559],[-94.1046,38.4558],[-94.1058,38.4558],[-94.1063,38.4558],[-94.1075,38.4558],[-94.1087,38.4558],[-94.1081,38.4549],[-94.1081,38.454],[-94.1087,38.4535],[-94.1092,38.4526],[-94.1098,38.4526],[-94.1104,38.4521],[-94.1127,38.4526],[-94.1133,38.4526],[-94.1145,38.4525],[-94.1151,38.4525],[-94.1157,38.4525],[-94.1163,38.453],[-94.1169,38.453],[-94.1174,38.4525],[-94.118,38.452],[-94.1186,38.452],[-94.1192,38.452],[-94.121,38.4525],[-94.1245,38.4529],[-94.1257,38.4529],[-94.1268,38.4528],[-94.1281,38.4537],[-94.1286,38.4537],[-94.1316,38.4537],[-94.1322,38.4537],[-94.1328,38.4537],[-94.1345,38.4536],[-94.1357,38.4536],[-94.138,38.4531],[-94.1392,38.4527],[-94.1409,38.4517],[-94.1421,38.4513],[-94.1427,38.4508],[-94.1433,38.4508],[-94.1439,38.4513],[-94.1451,38.4517],[-94.1456,38.4517],[-94.1462,38.4512],[-94.1474,38.4507],[-94.1491,38.4507],[-94.1497,38.4516],[-94.1504,38.4525],[-94.1516,38.4534],[-94.1521,38.4534],[-94.1527,38.4534],[-94.1533,38.4529],[-94.1527,38.4525],[-94.1521,38.4516],[-94.1521,38.4507],[-94.152,38.4498],[-94.155,38.4497],[-94.1562,38.4488],[-94.1567,38.4483],[-94.1573,38.4483],[-94.1579,38.4488],[-94.1585,38.4488],[-94.1585,38.4501],[-94.1591,38.4506],[-94.1597,38.451],[-94.1609,38.451],[-94.1609,38.4501],[-94.1615,38.4501],[-94.1626,38.4496],[-94.1638,38.4492],[-94.1644,38.4492],[-94.165,38.4501],[-94.1656,38.4505],[-94.1662,38.4505],[-94.1668,38.4505],[-94.1679,38.4505],[-94.1679,38.4496],[-94.1673,38.4496],[-94.1673,38.4482],[-94.1673,38.4473],[-94.1679,38.4473],[-94.1685,38.4473],[-94.1691,38.4482],[-94.1702,38.4486],[-94.1714,38.4495],[-94.172,38.4495],[-94.1726,38.45],[-94.1732,38.4499],[-94.1738,38.4495],[-94.1732,38.4486],[-94.1726,38.4477],[-94.172,38.4477],[-94.1702,38.4468],[-94.1702,38.4459],[-94.1708,38.4459],[-94.1714,38.4463],[-94.172,38.4463],[-94.1726,38.4468],[-94.1731,38.4468],[-94.1737,38.4468],[-94.1737,38.4459],[-94.1743,38.4449],[-94.1755,38.4458],[-94.1761,38.4463],[-94.1767,38.4463],[-94.1778,38.4463],[-94.1784,38.4458],[-94.179,38.4458],[-94.1796,38.4458],[-94.1796,38.4467],[-94.1802,38.4476],[-94.1808,38.448],[-94.1814,38.448],[-94.182,38.4476],[-94.182,38.4467],[-94.1837,38.4462],[-94.1843,38.4462],[-94.1855,38.4462],[-94.1855,38.4475],[-94.1855,38.4484],[-94.1861,38.4489],[-94.1873,38.4497],[-94.1873,38.4484],[-94.1879,38.4484],[-94.1884,38.4479],[-94.1896,38.447],[-94.1902,38.447],[-94.1908,38.447],[-94.192,38.4479],[-94.1926,38.4479],[-94.1937,38.4474],[-94.1943,38.4469],[-94.1966,38.4464],[-94.1972,38.4464],[-94.1984,38.446],[-94.199,38.4455],[-94.1996,38.4455],[-94.2001,38.4455],[-94.2007,38.4459],[-94.2013,38.4459],[-94.2019,38.4464],[-94.2025,38.4464],[-94.2025,38.4473],[-94.2031,38.4477],[-94.2043,38.4477],[-94.2049,38.4472],[-94.2055,38.4468],[-94.2061,38.4486],[-94.2061,38.4495],[-94.2067,38.4495],[-94.2067,38.4504],[-94.2073,38.4508],[-94.2079,38.4508],[-94.2085,38.4508],[-94.2091,38.4504],[-94.2097,38.4504],[-94.2103,38.4503],[-94.2108,38.4499],[-94.2108,38.449],[-94.2102,38.449],[-94.2096,38.4485],[-94.209,38.4486],[-94.209,38.4476],[-94.2096,38.4472],[-94.2102,38.4467],[-94.2107,38.4467],[-94.2113,38.4467],[-94.2114,38.4476],[-94.212,38.4481],[-94.2126,38.4485],[-94.2137,38.4485],[-94.2143,38.448],[-94.2149,38.448],[-94.2149,38.4471],[-94.216,38.4466],[-94.2161,38.448],[-94.2167,38.448],[-94.2167,38.4489],[-94.2173,38.4493],[-94.2173,38.4502],[-94.2179,38.4502],[-94.2185,38.4498],[-94.219,38.4493],[-94.2208,38.4488],[-94.2225,38.4479],[-94.2231,38.4483],[-94.2237,38.4488],[-94.2232,38.4493],[-94.2226,38.4497],[-94.222,38.4506],[-94.222,38.4515],[-94.2226,38.4524],[-94.2232,38.4529],[-94.2244,38.4533],[-94.225,38.4529],[-94.225,38.4515],[-94.2256,38.4515],[-94.2261,38.451],[-94.2267,38.4515],[-94.2273,38.4519],[-94.2291,38.4524],[-94.2291,38.4533],[-94.2285,38.4533],[-94.2274,38.4528],[-94.2262,38.4528],[-94.2262,38.4538],[-94.2268,38.4537],[-94.2274,38.4537],[-94.228,38.4542],[-94.2286,38.4551],[-94.2292,38.4551],[-94.2292,38.456],[-94.2286,38.456],[-94.228,38.456],[-94.2274,38.456],[-94.2268,38.4556],[-94.2263,38.456],[-94.2245,38.4569],[-94.2245,38.4579],[-94.2251,38.4588],[-94.2262,38.4594],[-94.2257,38.4583],[-94.2263,38.4578],[-94.2269,38.4574],[-94.2275,38.4578],[-94.2287,38.4578],[-94.2298,38.4582],[-94.2304,38.4582],[-94.231,38.4582],[-94.2322,38.4577],[-94.2328,38.4577],[-94.2333,38.4577],[-94.2339,38.4582],[-94.2351,38.4582],[-94.2357,38.4577],[-94.2363,38.4572],[-94.2368,38.4568],[-94.238,38.4558],[-94.2386,38.4558],[-94.2392,38.4558],[-94.2398,38.4567],[-94.2392,38.4572],[-94.2386,38.4572],[-94.238,38.4577],[-94.2375,38.4581],[-94.2369,38.459],[-94.2375,38.4599],[-94.2381,38.4599],[-94.2387,38.4599],[-94.2399,38.4604],[-94.2404,38.4599],[-94.241,38.459],[-94.2422,38.459],[-94.2422,38.458],[-94.2427,38.4571],[-94.2433,38.4571],[-94.2445,38.4567],[-94.2451,38.4557],[-94.2456,38.4553],[-94.2468,38.4553],[-94.2474,38.4553],[-94.248,38.4557],[-94.2492,38.4557],[-94.2503,38.4557],[-94.2509,38.4552],[-94.2515,38.4538],[-94.252,38.4529],[-94.2526,38.4525],[-94.2532,38.4525],[-94.2538,38.4524],[-94.2544,38.4524],[-94.255,38.452],[-94.2555,38.452],[-94.2561,38.4511],[-94.2567,38.4506],[-94.2579,38.4501],[-94.2585,38.4506],[-94.2585,38.4515],[-94.2591,38.4524],[-94.2597,38.4528],[-94.2603,38.4528],[-94.2609,38.4528],[-94.2614,38.4523],[-94.2626,38.4519],[-94.2632,38.4514],[-94.2637,38.451],[-94.2637,38.45],[-94.2643,38.4496],[-94.2655,38.45],[-94.2667,38.45],[-94.2667,38.4509],[-94.2661,38.4518],[-94.2655,38.4523],[-94.265,38.4532],[-94.2662,38.4541],[-94.2674,38.455],[-94.268,38.455],[-94.2697,38.4554],[-94.2716,38.4576],[-94.2721,38.4581],[-94.2727,38.4585],[-94.2739,38.459],[-94.2751,38.459],[-94.2751,38.458],[-94.2751,38.4571],[-94.2756,38.4567],[-94.2762,38.4571],[-94.2774,38.458],[-94.278,38.4585],[-94.2786,38.4589],[-94.2792,38.4589],[-94.2804,38.4589],[-94.281,38.4589],[-94.2816,38.4593],[-94.2816,38.4607],[-94.2822,38.4607],[-94.2834,38.4625],[-94.284,38.4624],[-94.2846,38.462],[-94.2846,38.4611],[-94.2851,38.4606],[-94.2857,38.4606],[-94.2863,38.4611],[-94.2869,38.4615],[-94.2875,38.4628],[-94.29,38.4655],[-94.2906,38.466],[-94.2912,38.466],[-94.2917,38.465],[-94.2917,38.4632],[-94.2911,38.4632],[-94.2905,38.4623],[-94.2899,38.4624],[-94.2899,38.4614],[-94.2893,38.461],[-94.2898,38.4601],[-94.2904,38.4596],[-94.291,38.4601],[-94.2922,38.461],[-94.2928,38.461],[-94.2928,38.46],[-94.2922,38.4592],[-94.2921,38.4582],[-94.2927,38.4578],[-94.2933,38.4578],[-94.2939,38.4587],[-94.2945,38.4587],[-94.2951,38.4587],[-94.2963,38.4586],[-94.2968,38.4586],[-94.2969,38.46],[-94.2975,38.46],[-94.2981,38.4609],[-94.2987,38.4609],[-94.2998,38.4608],[-94.301,38.4608],[-94.3016,38.4617],[-94.3028,38.4617],[-94.3034,38.4626],[-94.3034,38.4635],[-94.3035,38.4644],[-94.304,38.4649],[-94.3047,38.4667],[-94.3053,38.4676],[-94.3059,38.4676],[-94.3059,38.4667],[-94.3058,38.4658],[-94.3064,38.4653],[-94.307,38.4653],[-94.3076,38.4653],[-94.3094,38.4653],[-94.3105,38.4657],[-94.3111,38.4657],[-94.3112,38.4666],[-94.3106,38.467],[-94.3106,38.4684],[-94.3112,38.4688],[-94.3118,38.4688],[-94.313,38.4688],[-94.3119,38.4711],[-94.6123,38.4758],[-94.6102,38.7376],[-94.6084,38.8341],[-94.6082,38.8463],[-94.6075,39.0399],[-94.6075,39.0437],[-94.6082,39.1147],[-94.5966,39.1144],[-94.5889,39.115],[-94.5801,39.1188],[-94.566,39.1231],[-94.5637,39.124],[-94.5531,39.1287],[-94.5455,39.1343],[-94.5393,39.1426],[-94.5358,39.1449],[-94.5334,39.1463],[-94.5293,39.1464],[-94.5228,39.1487],[-94.5204,39.1492],[-94.5163,39.1502],[-94.5122,39.1503],[-94.508,39.1508],[-94.5039,39.1504],[-94.5015,39.1495],[-94.4985,39.1482],[-94.4931,39.1465],[-94.4883,39.1439],[-94.4834,39.1394],[-94.4797,39.1349],[-94.467,39.1242],[-94.4651,39.1229],[-94.461,39.1221],[-94.4592,39.1226],[-94.4563,39.124],[-94.4522,39.1276],[-94.4452,39.1314],[-94.4446,39.1314],[-94.4353,39.1379],[-94.4277,39.1425],[-94.4271,39.143],[-94.4266,39.1439],[-94.426,39.1448],[-94.4254,39.1453],[-94.4248,39.1453],[-94.4178,39.1517],[-94.4098,39.1609],[-94.4092,39.1614],[-94.4063,39.1655],[-94.4058,39.1678],[-94.4052,39.1687],[-94.4036,39.1755],[-94.4068,39.1823],[-94.413,39.1931],[-94.413,39.1944],[-94.4107,39.1963],[-94.406,39.1982],[-94.4054,39.1982],[-94.3989,39.1969],[-94.394,39.1943],[-94.3934,39.1938],[-94.3885,39.188],[-94.3847,39.1763],[-94.3816,39.1713],[-94.3798,39.17],[-94.3791,39.1687],[-94.3779,39.1655],[-94.376,39.1633],[-94.3748,39.1624],[-94.3718,39.1611],[-94.3695,39.162],[-94.3631,39.168],[-94.3602,39.1703],[-94.3561,39.1735],[-94.3549,39.174],[-94.3538,39.1745],[-94.3479,39.1777],[-94.3473,39.1791],[-94.3386,39.1856],[-94.3369,39.1879],[-94.3357,39.1893],[-94.3323,39.1929],[-94.3311,39.1948],[-94.3282,39.1975],[-94.3265,39.1994],[-94.3253,39.2007],[-94.3248,39.2021],[-94.3236,39.2035],[-94.3236,39.2044],[-94.3231,39.2062],[-94.3226,39.2085],[-94.318,39.2176],[-94.3134,39.2213],[-94.3128,39.2222],[-94.3122,39.2227],[-94.3111,39.2236],[-94.3099,39.2254],[-94.307,39.2291],[-94.3064,39.2296],[-94.3053,39.2305],[-94.3047,39.231],[-94.3024,39.2324],[-94.3006,39.2333],[-94.2982,39.2342],[-94.2959,39.2352],[-94.2947,39.2356],[-94.2929,39.2361],[-94.2912,39.2366],[-94.2906,39.2371],[-94.2894,39.2371],[-94.2876,39.2367],[-94.2858,39.2367],[-94.2847,39.2367],[-94.284,39.2363],[-94.2811,39.2363],[-94.2787,39.2363],[-94.2769,39.2364],[-94.2739,39.2359],[-94.2703,39.2351],[-94.2674,39.2351],[-94.2656,39.2356],[-94.2644,39.2356],[-94.2638,39.2356],[-94.2614,39.2357],[-94.2603,39.2361],[-94.2585,39.2362],[-94.2561,39.2362],[-94.2537,39.2358],[-94.2525,39.2353],[-94.2519,39.2354],[-94.2507,39.2349],[-94.2489,39.2345],[-94.2471,39.2341],[-94.2459,39.2336],[-94.2441,39.2327],[-94.2436,39.2323],[-94.2417,39.2314],[-94.2411,39.231],[-94.2405,39.2305],[-94.2399,39.2296],[-94.2393,39.2283],[-94.2387,39.2274],[-94.2368,39.2233],[-94.2349,39.2202],[-94.2331,39.2179],[-94.2313,39.2166],[-94.2295,39.2157],[-94.2283,39.2148],[-94.2277,39.2144],[-94.2265,39.2135],[-94.2252,39.2122],[-94.224,39.2117],[-94.2222,39.2099],[-94.2186,39.2091],[-94.218,39.2086],[-94.2174,39.2082],[-94.2168,39.2077],[-94.2144,39.2073],[-94.2132,39.2073],[-94.2127,39.2073],[-94.2085,39.2074],[-94.2067,39.2079],[-94.2056,39.2083],[-94.2044,39.2093],[-94.2009,39.2111],[-94.1997,39.212],[-94.1973,39.2125],[-94.1962,39.213],[-94.195,39.2135],[-94.1926,39.2144],[-94.1908,39.2144],[-94.1897,39.2145],[-94.1879,39.2145],[-94.1867,39.2145],[-94.1849,39.2145],[-94.1843,39.2145],[-94.1825,39.2146],[-94.1796,39.2141],[-94.1784,39.2137],[-94.1778,39.2132],[-94.1766,39.2124],[-94.1759,39.2119],[-94.1753,39.211],[-94.1753,39.2097],[-94.1764,39.2065],[-94.1764,39.2051],[-94.1764,39.2042],[-94.1769,39.2033],[-94.1769,39.2024],[-94.1781,39.2015],[-94.1792,39.1996],[-94.1804,39.1973],[-94.1815,39.196],[-94.1827,39.195],[-94.1844,39.1941],[-94.1862,39.1927],[-94.188,39.1918],[-94.1891,39.1904],[-94.1897,39.19],[-94.1903,39.1895],[-94.1914,39.1881],[-94.1902,39.1859],[-94.1871,39.1828],[-94.1865,39.1819],[-94.1859,39.181],[-94.1847,39.1801],[-94.1829,39.1796],[-94.1811,39.1792],[-94.1799,39.1788],[-94.1787,39.1788],[-94.1769,39.1784],[-94.1746,39.1775],[-94.1698,39.1766],[-94.1644,39.1749],[-94.159,39.1741],[-94.1501,39.1733],[-94.1489,39.1728],[-94.1466,39.1724],[-94.146,39.1724],[-94.1448,39.172],[-94.143,39.1716],[-94.1412,39.1711],[-94.1394,39.1702],[-94.1382,39.1693],[-94.1364,39.168],[-94.1351,39.1667],[-94.1345,39.1667],[-94.1327,39.1644],[-94.1315,39.1636],[-94.1303,39.1622],[-94.1296,39.1604],[-94.1284,39.1581],[-94.1187,39.1488],[-94.1091,39.1434],[-94.1183,38.9171],[-94.1223,38.8323]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cass\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: July 2021; Version 1.1: January 2022","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, Missouri 65401
Statistical modeling of water-quality data collected at the Sacramento River at Freeport and San Joaquin River near Vernalis, California, USA, was used to examine trends in concentrations and loads of various forms of dissolved and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus that entered the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) from upstream sources between 1970 and 2019. Ammonium concentrations and loads decreased at the Sacramento River site from the mid-1970s through 1990 because of the consolidation of wastewater treatment and continuously reduced from the mid-1970s to 2019 at the San Joaquin River site. Current ammonium concentrations are mostly below 4 µM (0.056 mg N L–1) at both sites, a concentration above which reductions in phytoplankton productivity or changes in algal species composition may occur. The Sacramento River at Freeport site is located upstream of the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District’s treatment facility’s discharge point; nutrient water quality there is representative of upstream sources. Inorganic nitrogen (nitrate plus ammonium) concentrations and loading differed at both sites. At the Sacramento River location, concentrations decrease in the summer agricultural season, reducing the molar ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus.
In contrast, inorganic nitrogen concentrations increase in the San Joaquin River during the agricultural season as a result of irrigation runoff, increasing the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. This increase suggests a possible nitrogen limitation in the northern Delta and a phosphorus limitation in the southern Delta, as indicated by the molar ratios of bioavailable nitrogen to bioavailable phosphorus. Planned upgrades to the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) will reduce inorganic nitrogen inputs to the northern Delta. Consequently, the supply of bioavailable nitrogen throughout the upper estuary should diminish. Source modeling of nitrogen and phosphorus identifies agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater effluent as sources of total nitrogen in the Central Valley. In contrast, geologic sources, agriculture, and wastewater discharge are the primary sources of phosphorus.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2021v19iss4art6","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2021, Concentrations, loads, and associated trends of nutrients entering the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 19, no. 4, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2021v19iss4art6.","productDescription":"6, 25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-114557","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2021v19iss4art6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Freeport, Vernalis","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 37.23470197166817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina 0000-0002-1406-9303 dsaleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"dsaleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227192,"text":"70227192 - 2021 - The relevance of a type locality: The case of Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (Carnivora: Mephitidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T15:24:37.37782","indexId":"70227192","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-04T09:07:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The relevance of a type locality: The case of Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (Carnivora: Mephitidae)","title":"The relevance of a type locality: The case of Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (Carnivora: Mephitidae)","docAbstract":"For more than 130 years, the type locality of the Plains Spotted Skunk, Spilogale putorius interrupta (Rafinesque, 1820) has been accepted to be along the upper Missouri River. The species’ description was based on a specimen observed by Constantine S. Rafinesque during his 1818 exploration of the Ohio River Valley, but Rafinesque never ventured into the animal’s geographic range west of the Mississippi River, calling into question the type locality and, therefore, the identity of the taxon. We reconstruct Rafinesque’s itinerary from his notes, publications, and correspondence and determine that Rafinesque probably observed the specimen on 20 September in Middletown, Kentucky, while traveling between Louisville and Lexington. He spent the day with John Bradbury, who participated in the 1811 Astor expedition up the Missouri River. On 1 April 1811, Bradbury collected the skin of a skunk, and evidence suggests that it was this skin that Rafinesque described. The type specimen of the Plains Spotted Skunk was obtained on the Missouri River flood plain in southern Chariton County or northern Saline County, Missouri, and this area should be considered the type locality for M. interrupta.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyab094","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Ferguson, A.W., 2021, The relevance of a type locality: The case of Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (Carnivora: Mephitidae): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 102, no. 6, p. 1583-1591, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab094.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1591","ipdsId":"IP-132396","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","county":"Chariton County, Saline County","city":"Lexington, Louisville, New York City, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia","otherGeospatial":"Illinois Territory, Louisiana Territory, Missouri River, Ohio River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -71.9384765625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -72.04833984375,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.54494944148322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.2684326171875,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 39.92237576385941\n ],\n [\n -93.2684326171875,\n 39.92237576385941\n ],\n [\n -93.2684326171875,\n 38.34596449365382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, Adam W.","contributorId":270785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13087,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227193,"text":"70227193 - 2021 - The green mole, Astromycter prasinatus T. M. Harris, 1825 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae): An origin story","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T15:06:56.720283","indexId":"70227193","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-04T09:01:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":890,"text":"Archives of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The green mole, Astromycter prasinatus T. M. Harris, 1825 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae): An origin story","title":"The green mole, Astromycter prasinatus T. M. Harris, 1825 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae): An origin story","docAbstract":"","language":"English","publisher":"Edinburgh University Press","doi":"10.3366/anh.2021.0719","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2021, The green mole, Astromycter prasinatus T. M. Harris, 1825 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae): An origin story: Archives of Natural History, v. 48, no. 2, p. 227-243, https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0719.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-118105","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227203,"text":"70227203 - 2021 - Dominant Sonoran Desert plant species have divergent phenological responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T14:31:38.457341","indexId":"70227203","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-04T08:19:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9976,"text":"Madroño - A West American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dominant Sonoran Desert plant species have divergent phenological responses to climate change","docAbstract":"The southwestern U.S. is a global hotspot of climate change. Models project that temperatures will continue to rise through the end of the 21st century, accompanied by significant changes to the hydrological cycle. Within the Sonoran Desert, a limited number of studies have documented climate change impacts on the phenology of native plant species. Much of this phenological work to understand climate change impacts to phenology builds on research conducted nearly three decades ago to define flowering triggers and developmental requirements for native keystone Sonoran Desert woody species. Here we expand on the drivers and explore recent phenological trends for six species using a unique 36-year observational data set. We use statistical models to determine which aspects of climate influence the probability of flowering, and how flowering time may respond to climate change. We move beyond traditional models of phenology by incorporating different metrics of moisture availability in addition to temperature, weather, and climate at several time scales, including daily, weekly, seasonal, and antecedent conditions. Our results provide evidence of a trend towards earlier flowering (on the order of 1–4 days per decade) for five of the six species analyzed, and no trend for one species. The species we evaluated had contrasting phenological responses to different aspects of climate, suggesting individualistic changes in phenology and the potential of divergent plant community flowering patterns under future climate change. Understanding recent changes in flowering phenology and their climatic triggers is important to anticipating whether plant species can attract pollinators, reproduce, and persist within the community under continued climate change.
Land disposal of sewage wastewater through septic systems and cesspools is a major cause of elevated concentrations of nitrogen in the shallow coastal aquifers of southern New England. The discharge of nitrogen from these sources at the coast is affecting the environmental health of coastal saltwater bodies. In response, local, State, and Federal agencies are considering expensive actions to mitigate these effects, including installing municipal sewer systems. To increase the understanding of the effects of municipal sewering on groundwater quality discharging to coastal surface waters, a network of multilevel monitoring wells was established in a densely developed coastal neighborhood on the Maravista peninsula, Falmouth, Massachusetts, which was undergoing conversion from onsite septic disposal to municipal sewering.
The geohydrology of the study area on the peninsula is generally characterized as consisting of fine to coarse, well-sorted sands containing 2.9 to 9.3 meters of fresh groundwater and a flow system characterized by a groundwater divide slightly west of the center of the peninsula. The magnitude of hydraulic gradients at the water table is gently sloping, ranging from 0.000032 to 0.00059, and affected by daily and bimonthly tidal fluctuations from adjacent coastal ponds. On the western side of the divide, upgradient from Little Pond, average linear groundwater velocities and traveltimes along shallow flow paths, estimated from observed hydraulic gradients and estimated aquifer hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity, range from 0.076 to 0.094 meters per day and 7.8 to 9.7 years, respectively.
The groundwater monitoring network consists of 14 profile sites on the peninsula that each include a multilevel sampler for water-quality data collection and a shallow monitoring well for groundwater-level measurements. The study area encompasses about 230 residences that transitioned from onsite septic disposal to municipal sewering between spring 2017 and summer 2019. An additional multilevel sampler that was in a residential coastal setting but not undergoing sewering also was sampled periodically as a reference site.
Elevated nitrogen, as compared to typical uncontaminated, fresh groundwater in the Cape Cod aquifer, predominately as nitrate, was measured in 15 water-quality profiles at nitrate concentrations as great as 26.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (n=749; mean and median values were 5.1 and 4.1 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, respectively). At all 14 profile sites and the reference profile site on a nearby peninsula, wastewater effects were denoted by increased nitrate, boron, and specific conductance, and by decreased pH and dissolved oxygen. The highest concentrations of nitrate typically occurred in the deepest one-half of the freshwater zone and in intervals of suboxic and oxic groundwater.
Thickness-weighted mean and maximum nitrate concentrations, and total nitrate mass from four sampling rounds, provided a metric to evaluate expected changes at the 14 profile sites on the peninsula. Nitrate concentrations varied moderately by site between sampling rounds through both the presewering (June 2016 and April 2017) and transitional periods (April 2018 and June 2019). Nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for nitrate in drinking water (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen), were detected at 9 of the 14 profile sites and at the reference site. The average of the mean thickness-weighted nitrate concentrations for the four full sampling rounds was greater than 5.0 milligrams per liter as nitrogen at 8 sites (7 profile sites and the reference site) and greater than 8 milligrams per liter as nitrogen at 3 profile sites. The total nitrate mass per square meter of land area at each profile site ranged from 1,830 to 36,800 milligrams per square meter. Nitrate mass flux, across a 500-meter-long section upgradient from Little Pond and covering about 15 percent of the total pond shoreline length, ranged from 124.3 to 192.6 kilograms per year for the four full sampling rounds under three groundwater-flow conditions.
The expected improvements in groundwater quality in the freshwater zone should be characterized by decreases in concentrations of dissolved total and inorganic nitrogen and common ions such as boron, chloride, and fluoride. A statistical analysis using the Regional Kendall test for sampling points grouped in specific depth ranges confirmed that water-quality changes were statistically significant in at least one depth group during the 3-year sampling period (nitrate: −0.76 milligram per liter per year; specific conductance: −12.1 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius per year; dissolved oxygen: 0.82 milligram per liter per year); however, the rate at which the water-quality improvements will result in decreases in nitrate mass loads to the coastal ponds primarily depends on groundwater traveltimes and the rate of flushing of wastewater constituents from the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Southeast New England Program","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T.D., Barbaro, J.R., LeBlanc, D.R., and Belaval, M., 2021, Evaluating the effects of replacing septic systems with municipal sewers on groundwater quality in a densely developed coastal neighborhood, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2016–19: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5130, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215130.","productDescription":"Report viii, 39 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-126300","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393105,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5130/images/"},{"id":393103,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":393102,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GEMMN6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Baseline groundwater-quality data from a densely developed coastal neighborhood, Falmouth, Massachusetts (2016–2020) (ver. 3.0, April 2021)"},{"id":393101,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5130/sir20215130.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5130"},{"id":393100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5130/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":393104,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5130/sir20215130.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Falmouth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.65788269042969,\n 41.52245918082221\n ],\n [\n -70.39627075195312,\n 41.52245918082221\n ],\n [\n -70.39627075195312,\n 41.725205507257016\n ],\n [\n -70.65788269042969,\n 41.725205507257016\n ],\n [\n -70.65788269042969,\n 41.52245918082221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Massachusetts","usgsCitation":"Evans, A., Lopez, B., MacLean, M., Morelli, T.L., Narayanan, R., and Ocana, M., 2021, Adaptation actions for resistance, resilience, and transformation, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135166","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.massecan.org/resources-massecan/rrt"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, A.","contributorId":300017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, Bianca","contributorId":300018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Bianca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLean, Meghan G.","contributorId":300019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacLean","given":"Meghan G.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Narayanan, R.","contributorId":300020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Narayanan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ocana, M.","contributorId":300130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ocana","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232949,"text":"70232949 - 2021 - EDNA monitoring in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T14:31:03.922793","indexId":"70232949","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-01T09:08:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"EDNA monitoring in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"This report describes the joint efforts of USGS UMESC and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to monitor bigheaded carps in the Upper Mississippi River. The report prepared for the Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association details eDNA results from 2021.","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association","usgsCitation":"Bloomfield, J., and Spear, S.F., 2021, EDNA monitoring in the upper Mississippi River, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139169","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://micrarivers.org/upper-mississippi-river-sub-basin-annual-summary-reports/"},{"id":403743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1915283203125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -93.0487060546875,\n 44.735027899515465\n ],\n [\n -92.0269775390625,\n 44.28453670601888\n ],\n [\n -91.68090820312499,\n 43.957236472025635\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 43.76712702120528\n ],\n [\n -91.3018798828125,\n 43.32118142926661\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -91.2799072265625,\n 43.18515250937298\n ],\n [\n -91.1810302734375,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -90.8184814453125,\n 42.56521874494336\n ],\n [\n -90.7745361328125,\n 42.459940352216556\n ],\n [\n -90.5438232421875,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -90.4888916015625,\n 42.19189902447192\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -90.2801513671875,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -90.4339599609375,\n 41.79179268262892\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -91.131591796875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -91.2139892578125,\n 41.20345619205131\n ],\n [\n -91.04919433593749,\n 41.04207384890103\n ],\n [\n -91.2139892578125,\n 40.834593138080244\n ],\n [\n -91.2139892578125,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -91.3897705078125,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -91.5106201171875,\n 40.576412521044425\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 40.40094763151963\n ],\n [\n -91.3238525390625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -91.3238525390625,\n 40.543026009955014\n ],\n [\n -91.0601806640625,\n 40.63479884404164\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -90.8404541015625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -90.933837890625,\n 41.21585377825921\n ],\n [\n -91.0162353515625,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -90.9832763671875,\n 41.380930388318\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -90.2691650390625,\n 41.58668835697237\n ],\n [\n -90.2471923828125,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -90.0933837890625,\n 41.832735062152615\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 42.05337156043361\n ],\n [\n -90.13732910156249,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 42.28137302193453\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -90.5328369140625,\n 42.512601715736665\n ],\n [\n -90.5767822265625,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -90.9722900390625,\n 42.791369723650135\n ],\n [\n -91.0601806640625,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 43.313188139196406\n ],\n [\n -91.1260986328125,\n 43.440954591707445\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 43.878097874251736\n ],\n [\n -91.3677978515625,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 44.15462243076731\n ],\n [\n -91.900634765625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 44.50825885600572\n ],\n [\n -92.296142578125,\n 44.62566377574352\n ],\n [\n -92.55432128906249,\n 44.70380207177485\n ],\n [\n -92.8948974609375,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -93.0157470703125,\n 45.01530198999212\n ],\n [\n -93.1915283203125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloomfield, Jenna","contributorId":293161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloomfield","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Stephen Frank 0000-0001-8351-9382","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-9382","contributorId":293162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227684,"text":"70227684 - 2021 - Technique to estimate generalized skew coefficients of annual peak streamflow for natural watershed conditions in Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T17:03:23.740912","indexId":"70227684","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T11:51:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Technique to estimate generalized skew coefficients of annual peak streamflow for natural watershed conditions in Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Reliable information about the frequency of annual peak streamflow is needed for floodplain management, objective assessment of flood risk, and cost-effective design of dams, levees, other flood-control structures, and roads, bridges, and culverts. Generalized skew coefficients are among the data needed for log-Pearson type III peak-streamflow frequency analyses of annual peak streamflows. A technique is presented to estimate generalized skew coefficients used for log-Pearson type III peak-streamflow frequency analyses of annual peak streamflow from natural watersheds (minimal regulation and minimal impervious cover). The estimation of generalized skew coefficients was based on annual and historical peak streamflow data from an initial set of 444 selected USGS streamgaging stations (streamgages) with at least 30 years of recorded annual peak streamflows from natural watersheds in Texas, Oklahoma, and the part of New Mexico east of the Great Continental Divide. The primary focus was to obtain information that could be used to update previously published generalized skew coefficients in Texas.\n\nOf the 444 candidate streamgages, 341 were used in the final construction of statistical models. Two generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to predict generalized skew based on a 2-dimensional smooth on projected Albers equal area coordinates of either (1) the locations of the centroids of the gaged watersheds or (2) the streamgage locations. To create maps of generalized skew coefficients, predictions were made on a 1-kilometer grid and contour lines were superimposed. The centroid-location map, with a mean-squared error (MSE) of 0.216, is preferred. Generalized skew coefficients from the centroid-location map, along with the MSE, are useful for computing weighted-skew values when conducting frequency analyses of annual peak streamflow following the guidelines set forth in Bulletin 17C. Based on the results of the study, text revision of the TxDOT Hydraulic Design Manual could be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Generalized skew update and regional study of distribution shape for Texas flood frequency analyses","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Texas Tech University Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Transportation","doi":"10.18738/T8/SVLCOQ","collaboration":"Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Yesildirek, M.V., Landers, R.N., Cleveland, T.G., Fang, Z.N., and Zhang, J., 2021, Technique to estimate generalized skew coefficients of annual peak streamflow for natural watershed conditions in Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern New Mexico, chap. 4 of Generalized skew update and regional study of distribution shape for Texas flood frequency analyses, p. 31-58, https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/SVLCOQ.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-124024","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-106.528543,31.783907],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-94.625224,36.998672],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.431822,35.397652],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.461129,33.625415],[-94.452961,33.616986],[-94.471152,33.601588],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.379649,33.580607],[-94.380091,33.568943],[-94.399227,33.559903],[-94.386086,33.544923],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.32366,33.549835],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.287025,33.58241],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.257801,33.582508],[-94.240179,33.589536],[-94.236836,33.580914],[-94.251569,33.558188],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.208078,33.566911],[-94.196395,33.555123],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.216141,33.576392],[-94.214431,33.583187],[-94.194465,33.582886],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.162266,33.588906],[-94.156782,33.575749],[-94.14216,33.58139],[-94.151257,33.571793],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.119902,33.566999],[-94.082641,33.575492],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.069092,33.553406],[-94.04345,33.552253],[-94.041833,31.992402],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.938002,31.906917],[-93.927672,31.891497],[-93.901173,31.885958],[-93.874822,31.840611],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.839951,31.798597],[-93.822598,31.773559],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802452,31.693186],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.780835,31.525384],[-93.746826,31.526008],[-93.726736,31.5116],[-93.749476,31.46869],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.664665,31.357698],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.600308,31.176158],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.552649,31.185575],[-93.531744,31.180817],[-93.54401,31.153015],[-93.541375,31.113502],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.546644,31.082989],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.531219,31.051678],[-93.516943,31.023662],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.562626,31.005995],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.530936,30.924534],[-93.549244,30.921006],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.553626,30.83514],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.609544,30.723139],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.654971,30.670184],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.681235,30.596102],[-93.712454,30.588479],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.716678,30.494006],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.702665,30.429947],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.756352,30.356166],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.706608,30.281187],[-93.705519,30.244185],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.698276,30.138608],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.699396,30.05925],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.893862,29.767289],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.852868,29.675885],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.706365,29.436805],[-94.681541,29.471389],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.594211,29.492127],[-94.591407,29.513858],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.779674,29.530533],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.771053,29.548439],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.921318,29.658178],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.013777,29.644322],[-95.013623,29.62979],[-94.984831,29.604361],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.999581,29.521093],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.886536,29.366386],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.73132,29.338066],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.125134,29.067321],[-95.238924,28.988644],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.371117,28.397661],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.228909,28.580873],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.19125,28.69436],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.480309,28.596649],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.497612,28.625148],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.575141,28.702837],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.645867,28.710457],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.635018,28.668914],[-96.634,28.654665],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.622804,28.622095],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.419749,28.467387],[-96.403973,28.44245],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.700158,28.369676],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.768352,28.410389],[-96.790235,28.383926],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-97.007539,28.136087],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.05176,28.106054],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.225176,27.825723],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.325097,27.867893],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.391764,27.813948],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.36581,27.450588],[-97.372935,27.401224],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.420263,27.317254],[-97.482859,27.297915],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.546981,27.290791],[-97.526625,27.291808],[-97.517465,27.30504],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.520009,27.231248],[-97.450289,27.262546],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.452324,27.115217],[-97.461739,27.095624],[-97.480569,27.102494],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.493291,27.078067],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.536803,26.999695],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.549526,26.965344],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.484385,26.763562],[-97.471663,26.758727],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.430696,26.506563],[-97.42637,26.484425],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.411612,26.447275],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.406014,26.409107],[-97.395072,26.417249],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.391001,26.332262],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.343418,26.359234],[-97.330441,26.350582],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.228699],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.295072,26.108342],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.204995,26.030225],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.156608,25.949022],[-97.178362,25.962114],[-97.229226,25.958753],[-97.248033,25.948097],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.365976,25.902447],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.36542,25.849826],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.394513,25.837377],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.530322,25.916797],[-97.542957,25.920035],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.649176,26.021499],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.860504,26.052918],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.93542,26.052688],[-97.950095,26.061828],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.335204,26.137617],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.585184,26.254429],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.707451,26.272152],[-98.711233,26.289687],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.749054,26.321662],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.937556,26.376093],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.039107,26.412947],[-99.062093,26.397371],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.113808,26.434002],[-99.103083,26.441515],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.105031,26.500335],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.170704,26.540316],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.200522,26.656443],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.262208,26.815668],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.378435,26.980034],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.430581,27.126612],[-99.439971,27.151072],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.432795,27.209693],[-99.445238,27.223341],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.48791,27.260721],[-99.496615,27.271708],[-99.487513,27.29024],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.507779,27.354247],[-99.492144,27.380517],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.521919,27.544094],[-99.511119,27.564494],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.585148,27.606398],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.603533,27.641992],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.6595,27.645246],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.841708,27.766464],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.894091,27.89295],[-99.90008,27.912142],[-99.917461,27.917973],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.008631,28.023964],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.220284,28.23221],[-100.251634,28.236177],[-100.293468,28.278475],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.500354,28.66196],[-100.511998,28.705352],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.572992,28.848464],[-100.598877,28.875591],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.627206,28.903734],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.638857,28.927622],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.727462,29.129123],[-100.737591,29.147407],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.940615,29.333109],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.010614,29.368669],[-101.056957,29.440773],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.130038,29.47842],[-101.144337,29.473246],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.235275,29.524854],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.261175,29.536777],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.265347,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.314329,29.595622],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.325214,29.657821],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.446502,29.755006],[-101.455224,29.771874],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.532802,29.764336],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.561569,29.794658],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.777161,29.789327],[-101.79687,29.782619],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.929709,29.789323],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.084439,29.794962],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.261389,29.853283],[-102.268817,29.867991],[-102.276755,29.862978],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.341033,29.869305],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.565661,29.761592],[-102.612879,29.748182],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.762241,29.579449],[-102.773961,29.573084],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.883722,29.348059],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.902605,29.279441],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.932612,29.194113],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.977266,29.186226],[-102.994653,29.17962],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.040442,29.099351],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.076847,29.076059],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.101608,29.018123],[-103.117238,29.000209],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.163865,28.972099],[-103.166235,28.978836],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.245121,28.98024],[-103.266003,28.990206],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.289258,28.999698],[-103.331022,29.021766],[-103.334819,29.039801],[-103.34787,29.037428],[-103.361998,29.018914],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.453029,29.067467],[-103.469167,29.069242],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.59236,29.15026],[-103.61054,29.165773],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.755943,29.225545],[-103.777623,29.232265],[-103.789034,29.257502],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.917106,29.284216],[-103.924976,29.293913],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.08215,29.345923],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.181273,29.426265],[-104.212529,29.452439],[-104.213239,29.47301],[-104.264155,29.514001],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.53577,29.687248],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.592472,29.810276],[-104.610166,29.819118],[-104.633275,29.870485],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.817596,30.365915],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.869872,30.458645],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.899001,30.5704],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-104.980291,30.62204],[-104.9863,30.661059],[-105.006801,30.686039],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.062626,30.698222],[-105.098282,30.718914],[-105.110682,30.743366],[-105.15764,30.754008],[-105.164819,30.772493],[-105.178279,30.772134],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.212917,30.785415],[-105.21866,30.801567],[-105.261361,30.798078],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.488027,30.943278],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.782895,31.197563],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.890872,31.290014],[-105.908771,31.312774],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-105.970101,31.365937],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.106877,31.421403],[-106.132782,31.425367],[-106.175675,31.456279],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.218843,31.4803],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.528543,31.783907]]],[[[-97.134356,27.896329],[-97.107511,27.890378],[-97.11895,27.884121],[-97.134356,27.896329]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.247619,26.456261],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.292399,26.528014],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.308635,26.576723],[-97.338489,26.647429],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.377508,27.199459],[-97.386674,27.204696],[-97.373318,27.27645],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.366771,27.333276],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.331157,27.412362],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.166176,27.732372],[-97.147321,27.735384],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.092851,27.81447],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-97.013634,27.90678],[-97.016384,27.917255],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.977889,27.976439],[-96.986007,27.976177],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.965188,28.013297],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.92643,28.043413],[-96.927085,28.057292],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.818656,28.17228],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.697422,28.202959],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.607992,28.27707],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.55326,28.302341],[-96.528906,28.322505],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.214885,26.353606],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.878969,29.502674],[-94.886539,29.510724]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yesildirek, Monica Veale 0000-0002-0320-8531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-8531","contributorId":228880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yesildirek","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"Veale","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landers, Raven N. 0000-0003-1199-4680","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-4680","contributorId":272208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landers","given":"Raven","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G 0000-0002-2232-2110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-2110","contributorId":272209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, Zheng N. 0000-0001-9871-8405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-8405","contributorId":272210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Zheng","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12734,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Jiaqi","contributorId":202467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiaqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36453,"text":"University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248897,"text":"70248897 - 2021 - Bayesian updating of seismic ground failure estimates via causal graphical models and satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T17:54:21.980295","indexId":"70248897","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T11:46:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bayesian updating of seismic ground failure estimates via causal graphical models and satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Earthquake-induced secondary ground failure hazards, such as liquefaction and landslides, result in catastrophic building and infrastructure damage as well as human fatalities. To facilitate emergency responses and mitigate losses, the U.S. Geological Survey provides a rapid hazard estimation system for earthquake-triggered landslides and liquefaction using geospatial susceptibility proxies and ShakeMap ground motion estimates. However, the resolution and accuracy of these models are often limited by coarse-granularity and large uncertainties of available geospatial features provided at a regional scale. Recently, with the advancement of remote sensing technologies, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are captured and analyzed to obtain a rapid estimate of earthquake-induced correlation changes between pre- and post-event images. These correlation changes indicate ground failures and building damage t, showing the potential to provide supplementary information for rapid hazard and loss estimation. However, the exact causes of changes in satellite images are not directly ascertained by the DPM alone. For example, changes could be due to building damage, landslides, liquefaction, noise or any combination thereof. More importantly, the occurrence and intensity of landslides, liquefaction, and building damages are spatially correlated, which makes it yet more challenging to distinguish the sources of any such changes.
In this study, we develop a generalized causal graph-based Bayesian Network that models the physical interdependencies between geospatial features, seismic ground failures and building damage, as well as DPMs. Geospatial features provide physical insights for estimating ground failure occurrence while DPMs contain event-specific surface change observations. This physics-informed causal graph incorporate these variables with complex physical relationships in one holistic Bayesian updating scheme to effectively fuse information from both geospatial models and remote sensing data. This framework is scalable and flexible enough to deal with highly complex multi-hazard combinations. We then develop a stochastic variational inference algorithm to jointly update the intractable posterior probabilities of unobserved landslides, liquefaction, and building damage at different locations efficiently. In addition, a local graphical model pruning algorithm is presented to reduce the computational cost of large-scale seismic ground failure estimation. We apply this framework to September 2018 Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu, Japan (M6.6) earthquake and January 2020 Southwest Puerto Rico (M6.4) earthquake to evaluate the performance of our algorithm
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"September 27-October 2, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Sendai, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Japan","usgsCitation":"Xu, S., Dimasaka, J., Wald, D.J., and Noh, H., 2021, Bayesian updating of seismic ground failure estimates via causal graphical models and satellite imagery, in Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27-October 2, 2021, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127995","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wcee.nicee.org/wcee/seventeenth_conf_sendai_japan/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, S.","contributorId":330153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":78827,"text":"State University of New York at Stony Brook","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dimasaka, J.","contributorId":330154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimasaka","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noh, H.","contributorId":330155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noh","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70225677,"text":"70225677 - 2021 - Multi-period response spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T16:30:04.442385","indexId":"70225677","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T11:29:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-period response spectra","docAbstract":"Multi-period response spectra (MPRS) are incorporated in the development of seismic design ground motions in the 2020 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures (2020 NEHRP Provisions) and are approved for adoption in the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standard, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-22). MPRS are incorporated in these design regulations because it was discovered that the standard spectral shape based on two periods and one reference site class was substantially understating spectral response in moderately long period structures located on soft soil sites where ground motion hazard is dominated by large magnitude events. These are the motions that are relevant to tall buildings in the Los Angeles region and of interest to the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Seismic Design Council (LATBSDC). The MPRS incorporation updated Chapters 11, 20, 21, and 22 of the 2020 NEHRP Provisions (a.k.a. FEMA P-2082); changes are described in detail in the commentary of FEMA P-2082. The MPRS also influenced the development of the 2018 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous U.S. because valid ground motion models for all periods and site classes of interest were required. FEMA P-2082 is complemented by the FEMA P-2078 technical report that provides a procedure for approximating MPRS outside of the conterminous U.S. This paper presents a condensed version of the relevant sections of FEMA P-2082 and FEMA P-2078 that would interest the LATBSDC.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2021 Los Angeles tall buildings confrerence","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2021 Los Angeles Tall Buildings Conference","conferenceDate":"Nov 12, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Luco, N., and Kircher, C.A., 2021, Multi-period response spectra, in Proceedings of the 2021 Los Angeles tall buildings confrerence, Los Angeles, CA, Nov 12, 2021, p. 110-129.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"129","ipdsId":"IP-134522","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.latallbuildings.org/past-conference-proceedings"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kircher, C. A.","contributorId":194952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kircher","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70240311,"text":"70240311 - 2021 - Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario's benthic preyfish community, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T14:50:32.126039","indexId":"70240311","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T11:04:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario's benthic preyfish community, 2021","docAbstract":"Since 1978, the Lake Ontario preyfish community survey has provided information on the status and trends of the benthic preyfish community related to Fish Community Objectives that includes understanding preyfish population dynamics and community diversity. Beginning in 2015, the benthic preyfish survey expanded from US-only to incorporate lake-wide sampling sites which increased the survey’s spatial coverage, and resumed sampling in eastern embayments (Black River, Chaumont, Guffin, and Henderson Bays) that were historically sampled during a September bottom trawl survey to index yellow perch from 1978 to 2007. In 2021, the collaborative benthic preyfish survey completed 195 bottom trawl tows across main lake and embayments at depths from 5 to 226 m. New embayment sites at Bay of Quinte, Sodus, and Little Sodus Bay were added to the survey in 2021 to compare fish communities across nearshore sites. In total, the 2021 survey sampled 109,178 fish from 35 species. Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was the most numerically abundant species comprising 44% of the total catch, followed by deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) at 17% and 11%, respectively. Deepwater sculpin accounted for most (406 kg) of the fish biomass sampled during the 2021 survey (total=1,995 kg), followed by round goby (257 kg), and common carp (252 kg). Slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) biomass was higher in 2021 than in 2020, when spatial coverage was reduced. Deepwater sculpin biomass remained high in 2021 and similar to observations since 2019. White perch biomass (Morone americana) in Black River Bay has increased compared to observations from historical surveys. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) accounted for most of the benthic preyfish biomass across the embayments surveyed in 2021 except for the Bay of Quinte and Black River Bay, where white perch accounted for a greater proportion of the fish community biomass.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2021 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario Unit and St. Lawrence River Unit to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"O’Malley, B., Minihkeim, S.P., Sanfilippo, T.A., Goretzke, J.A., and Holden, J.P., 2021, Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario's benthic preyfish community, 2021: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report , 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"13-1","endPage":"13-16","ipdsId":"IP-139358","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/7969.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.925537109375,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -79.8101806640625,\n 43.281204464332745\n ],\n [\n -79.5904541015625,\n 43.18515250937298\n ],\n [\n -79.3597412109375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -79.1839599609375,\n 43.193162620926074\n ],\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -78.6236572265625,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 43.369119087738554\n ],\n [\n -78.189697265625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -78.123779296875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 43.35314407444698\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 43.23719944365308\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -77.5140380859375,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -77.3602294921875,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -77.14050292968749,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -77.01416015625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -76.89880371093749,\n 43.213183300738876\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -76.7340087890625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -76.6461181640625,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 43.42898792344155\n ],\n [\n -76.48681640625,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 43.51270490464819\n ],\n [\n -76.2396240234375,\n 43.51270490464819\n ],\n [\n -76.17919921875,\n 43.624147145668076\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -76.1846923828125,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -76.1956787109375,\n 43.78299262890581\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -76.0968017578125,\n 43.91768033000405\n ],\n [\n -75.9979248046875,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -76.1297607421875,\n 44.08363928284644\n ],\n [\n -76.300048828125,\n 44.14279782818058\n ],\n [\n -76.3934326171875,\n 44.17826452922573\n ],\n [\n -76.453857421875,\n 44.25700308645885\n ],\n [\n -76.629638671875,\n 44.25700308645885\n ],\n [\n -76.8109130859375,\n 44.17038488259618\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 43.96514454266273\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 43.88997537383687\n ],\n [\n -77.3162841796875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -77.4151611328125,\n 43.96909818325171\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 44.06390660801779\n ],\n [\n -77.7337646484375,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -78.01391601562499,\n 44.004669106432225\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -78.5137939453125,\n 43.90185050527358\n ],\n [\n -78.7664794921875,\n 43.88997537383687\n ],\n [\n -78.9862060546875,\n 43.862257524417934\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 43.81471121600004\n ],\n [\n -79.2279052734375,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -79.3377685546875,\n 43.65197548731187\n ],\n [\n -79.4805908203125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -79.5684814453125,\n 43.56845179881218\n ],\n [\n -79.617919921875,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -79.6343994140625,\n 43.464880828929545\n ],\n [\n -79.7113037109375,\n 43.37710501700073\n ],\n [\n -79.82666015625,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -79.925537109375,\n 43.265206318396025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Malley, Brian 0000-0001-5035-3080 bomalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-3080","contributorId":216560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"Brian","email":"bomalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minihkeim, Scott P. 0000-0003-4958-2462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-2462","contributorId":265808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minihkeim","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanfilippo, Thomas Andrew 0000-0002-5184-6159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-6159","contributorId":302057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanfilippo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goretzke, Jessica A 0000-0003-2504-3712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-3712","contributorId":302058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goretzke","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, Jeremy P.","contributorId":190415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230369,"text":"70230369 - 2021 - The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Working Group of the ICCP: Final report 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T16:00:36.051961","indexId":"70230369","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":251,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Working Group of the ICCP: Final report 2021","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the activities and results of the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) working group (WG) of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP), from its inception in September, 2015, to the present day (September, 2021). The purpose of this report is to document the history of the working group and to compile and evaluate its results. The CLSM WG examined an immature, organic-rich sample of Kimmeridge Clay, which was characterized via CLSM imaging and spectroscopy. In addition, mechanically polished and broad ion beam (BIB) milled sample preparations were characterized via atomic force microscopy. Highlights of findings from the CLSM WG include: the interpreted presence of Botryococcus; incomplete blocking of laser light from highly reflective materials; surface roughening and surface flattening induced by differential BIB milling dependent on location and scale of measurement; substitution of uranium for iron in sulfides; red-shift of reflectance and auto-fluorescence from below the sample surface; positive alteration from laser-induced photo-oxidation of the sample surface including fluorescence blue-shift; blueshift associated to higher fluorescence intensity regions in amorphous organic matter; need for fluorescence spectroscopy standardization as applied via CLSM; and the suitability of CLSM to predict solid bitumen reflectance via calibration to an extant data set. Due to the inability of WG members to continue participating in a WG format, the CLSM WG is hereby finalized. This report represents the final product of WG activity, with the aim to summarize the information included herein for a future peer-reviewed manuscript.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Commission of Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Kus, J., Graciano Mendonça Filho, J., Czaja, A.D., Borrego, A., and Zivotic, D., 2021, The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Working Group of the ICCP: Final report 2021: Final Report, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132225","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iccop.org/workinggroup/confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy-clsm/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kus, Jolanta","contributorId":289948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kus","given":"Jolanta","affiliations":[{"id":48510,"text":"BGR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graciano Mendonça Filho, João","contributorId":289950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graciano Mendonça Filho","given":"João","affiliations":[{"id":62294,"text":"UFRJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czaja, Andrew D.","contributorId":289953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czaja","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7159,"text":"University of Cincinnati","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borrego, Angeles","contributorId":289956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borrego","given":"Angeles","affiliations":[{"id":27409,"text":"Incar","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zivotic, Dragana","contributorId":289959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zivotic","given":"Dragana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62296,"text":"Univ. Belgrade","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70240355,"text":"70240355 - 2021 - Efficacy of manipulating reproduction of common ravens to conserve sensitive prey species: Three case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T16:29:16.355916","indexId":"70240355","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T10:09:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13291,"text":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of manipulating reproduction of common ravens to conserve sensitive prey species: Three case studies","docAbstract":"Expansion of human enterprise across western North America has resulted in an increase in availability of anthropogenic resource subsidies for generalist species. This has led to increases in generalists’ population numbers across landscapes that were previously less suitable for their current demographic rates. Of particular concern are growing populations of common ravens (Corvus corax; ravens), because predation by ravens is linked to population declines of sensitive species. Ecosystem managers seek management options for mitigating the adverse effects of raven predation where unsustainable predator–prey conflicts exist. We present 3 case studies examining how manipulating reproductive success of ravens influences demographic rates of 2 sensitive prey species. Two case studies examine impacts of removing raven nests or oiling raven eggs on nest survival of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) within Wyoming and the Great Basin of California and Nevada, USA, respectively. The third case study uses Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii; tortoise) decoys to examine effects of oiling raven eggs on depredation rates of juvenile tortoises in the Mojave Desert in California. Initial trial years from all 3 case studies were consistent in finding improved vital rates associated with the application of strategies for reducing reproductive success of ravens. Specifically, removal of raven nests resulted in increased nest survival of sage-grouse within treatment areas where predation by ravens was the primary cause of nest failure. In addition, nest survival of sage-grouse and survival of juvenile tortoise decoys was higher following a treatment of oiling the eggs of ravens in their nests at 2 sites within the Great Basin and 4 tortoise conservation areas in the Mojave Desert in California. Along with specialized technologies that can make techniques such as egg-oiling more feasible, these findings support these management practices as important tools for managing ravens, especially in areas where breeding ravens have negative impacts on sensitive prey species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/babz-5e78","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, C.A., Brussee, B.E., Coates, P.S., Holcomb, K.L., Harju, S.M., Shields, T.A., Vaughn, M., Prochazka, B.G., Mathews, S.R., Cornell, S., Olson, C.V., and Delehanty, D.J., 2021, Efficacy of manipulating reproduction of common ravens to conserve sensitive prey species: Three case studies: Human–Wildlife Interactions, v. 15, no. 3, p. 495-515, https://doi.org/10.26077/babz-5e78.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-130887","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.518351028369366\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 34.518351028369366\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.6667,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -109.6667,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -109.6667,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Corina A.","contributorId":302118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Corina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39913,"text":"former WERC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holcomb, Kerry L.","contributorId":296962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":64256,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, 777 East Tahquitz Canyon Way, Suite 208, Palm Springs, California, 92262, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harju, Seth M. 0000-0003-0444-7881","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-7881","contributorId":238889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harju","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":47817,"text":"Heron Ecological","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shields, Timothy A.","contributorId":190759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vaughn, Mercy","contributorId":296966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Mercy","affiliations":[{"id":64258,"text":"Sundance Biology Inc., Paso Robles, California 93446 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prochazka, Brian G. 0000-0001-7270-5550 bprochazka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-5550","contributorId":174839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochazka","given":"Brian","email":"bprochazka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mathews, Steven R. 0000-0002-3165-9460 smathews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-9460","contributorId":176922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"Steven","email":"smathews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cornell, Steffen","contributorId":302119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornell","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65421,"text":"Meeteetse Conservation District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Olson, Chad V.","contributorId":302120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":65422,"text":"HWA Wildlife Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":195584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70227728,"text":"70227728 - 2021 - Delivering real-time water hazard information through human-centered design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-08T15:13:57.940317","indexId":"70227728","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T10:07:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9366,"text":"CCAST Case Study on Actionable Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Delivering real-time water hazard information through human-centered design","docAbstract":"On Memorial Day, 2015, catastrophic flooding throughout central Texas resulted in the loss of 13 lives and caused millions of dollars in damages (Furl 2018). The flooding exposed the need for water resource managers, first responders, and the public to have better real-time access to streamflow gaging stations and weather information. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed the Texas Water Dashboard (Dashboard) to combine datasets produced by multiple agencies and display them in a single web-mapping application.
","language":"English","publisher":"CCAST","usgsCitation":"Pasley, N.K., 2021, Delivering real-time water hazard information through human-centered design: CCAST Case Study on Actionable Science, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-123650","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394959,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arcg.is/1PP4by0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pasley, Nathaniel Kyle 0000-0001-7441-495X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-495X","contributorId":272301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasley","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70240350,"text":"70240350 - 2021 - Synthesis of nest predation impacts of common ravens on sensitive avian species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T16:08:53.197614","indexId":"70240350","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T10:06:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13291,"text":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of nest predation impacts of common ravens on sensitive avian species","docAbstract":"Decades of mounting scientific evidence have revealed that common raven (Corvus corax; raven) population numbers have been increasing across nearly all regions of their geographic range in North America. Concomitantly, numerous native wildlife species have experienced elevated predation rates from ravens as populations have increased and expanded their range. Managers are concerned that increased raven predation of many threatened and endangered avian species in the U.S. and Canada during nesting periods may be hampering species recovery. We explored the literature to aggregate existing knowledge and evaluate the impacts of raven predation on nests and young of sensitive avian species. We used this information to develop a simple relative index for each species, the “Raven Impact Index” (RII). The RII incorporated the species demographic rates, abundance of ravens in relation to each sensitive species’ breeding range, and the degree of overlap between raven and sensitive prey distributions. We also developed a second relative descriptor describing our confidence in each RII, termed a “Impact Credibility Index (ICI).” The species ICI was based on the number of published studies and the type of evidence presented (e.g., circumstantial vs. direct). We found evidence of nest predation on 8 sensitive avian species and suspected nest predation on 1 additional species. All species shared aspects of nesting biology that suggested they would likely be susceptible to raven nest predation. The RII varied among prey species, with greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) having the highest relative impact values, followed by snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus), marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), and Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus). Our species RII is intended to inform management decisions regarding actions that mitigate the negative effects of raven predation of sensitive avian species. Although elevated nest predation may be of high conservation concern, it is important to recognize that all of the sensitive native prey species we established an RII for also face multiple conservation threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/962c-56f0","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Webb, W.C., Dettenmaier, S.J., Harju, S.M., and Delehanty, D.J., 2021, Synthesis of nest predation impacts of common ravens on sensitive avian species: Human–Wildlife Interactions, v. 15, no. 3, p. 350-371, https://doi.org/10.26077/962c-56f0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-130901","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, William C.","contributorId":174938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettenmaier, Seth J. 0000-0001-6325-8808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-8808","contributorId":302087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettenmaier","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harju, Seth M. 0000-0003-0444-7881","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-7881","contributorId":238889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harju","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":47817,"text":"Heron Ecological","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":195584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240352,"text":"70240352 - 2021 - A desert tortoise-common raven viable conflict threshold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T16:05:37.397759","indexId":"70240352","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T10:03:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13291,"text":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A desert tortoise-common raven viable conflict threshold","docAbstract":"Since 1966, common raven (Corvus corax; raven) abundance has increased throughout much of this species’ Holarctic distribution, fueled by an ever-expanding supply of anthropogenic resource subsidies (e.g., water, food, shelter, and nesting substrate) to ecoregion specific raven population carrying capacities. Consequently, ravens are implicated in declines of both avian and reptilian species of conservation concern, including the California (USA) endangered and federally threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii; desert tortoise). While ravens are a natural predator of desert tortoises, the inter-generational stability of desert tortoise populations is expected to be compromised as annual juvenile survival is suppressed below 0.77 through a combination of raven depredation and other sources of mortality. To estimate the extent to which raven depredation suppresses desert tortoise recruitment within the Mojave Desert of California, we collected data from 274 variable-radius point counts, 78 desert tortoise decoy stations, and 8 control stations during the spring of 2020. Additionally, we complied a geodatabase of previously active raven nests, observed between 2013 and 2020. Raven density estimates from 4 monitoring areas ranged between 0.63 (eastern most) and 2.44 (western most) raven km-2 (95% CI: 0.35–1.14 and 1.33–4.48, respectively). We used a Bayesian shared frailty model to estimate the effects of raven density and distance to the nearest previously active raven nest on the annual “survival” of juvenile desert tortoise decoys (75-mm Midline Carapace Length), which we then converted into survival estimates for 0- to 10-year-old desert tortoises by adjusting exposure to reflect natural activity patterns. At the 1.72-km median distance from the nearest previously active raven nest, the estimated annual survival of desert tortoises decreased as raven density increased, ranging among conservation areas from 0.774 (eastern most) to 0.733 (western most). Accordingly, our model predicts that desert tortoise populations exposed to raven densities in excess of 0.89 raven km-2, at a distance
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/eeca-1eec","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, K.L., Coates, P.S., Prochazka, B.G., Shields, T., and Boarman, W., 2021, A desert tortoise-common raven viable conflict threshold: Human–Wildlife Interactions, v. 15, no. 3, p. 405-421, https://doi.org/10.26077/eeca-1eec.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-130973","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Basin & Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.97303916756042,\n 35.71726205140463\n ],\n [\n -117.97303916756042,\n 34.34636579137755\n ],\n [\n -114.99857556861961,\n 34.34636579137755\n ],\n [\n -114.99857556861961,\n 35.71726205140463\n ],\n [\n -117.97303916756042,\n 35.71726205140463\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, Kerry L.","contributorId":296962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":64256,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, 777 East Tahquitz Canyon Way, Suite 208, Palm Springs, California, 92262, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prochazka, Brian G. 0000-0001-7270-5550 bprochazka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-5550","contributorId":174839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochazka","given":"Brian","email":"bprochazka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shields, Timothy","contributorId":296963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":64257,"text":"Hardshell Labs, Inc., P.O. Box 362, Haines, Alaska, 99827, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":302114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boarman","given":"William I.","affiliations":[{"id":65416,"text":"Hardshell Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}