{"pageNumber":"4329","pageRowStart":"108200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165889,"records":[{"id":28363,"text":"wri864124 - 1987 - User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri864124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4124","title":"User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water","docAbstract":"Dissolved solids in surface water are an important indicator of overall water quality. Ordinarily, dissolved-solids concentrations and loads are estimated by indirect methods that are based on periodic chemical analyses. Three computer programs , FLAGIT, DVCOND, and SLOAD, were developed to provide a consistent and accurate method of estimating dissolved-solids concentrations and loads. FLAGIT retrieves daily values of specific conductance and discharge and periodic water quality analyses from the U.S. Geologic Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System data base, deletes incomplete data, and flags possible data errors. DVCOND fills in missing daily values of specific conductance, when appropriate, by linear interpolation. Using water quality data, SLOAD computes 3 yr moving regressions of dissolved-solids loads as a function of specific conductance and discharge. SLOAD then applies the regression coefficients to the daily values data to estimate daily dissolved-solids loads that are summed by month and by year. Separate regressions are used to estimate the mass fractions of six major ions. The theoretical basis and underlying assumptions of the procedures are presented, with documentation of the programs and their use. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864124","usgsCitation":"Liebermann, T., Middelburg, R., and Irvine, S., 1987, User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4124, iv, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864124.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c3e4b07f02db5d4642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liebermann, T.D.","contributorId":23569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebermann","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middelburg, R.F.","contributorId":102489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvine, S.A.","contributorId":56266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27786,"text":"wri874267 - 1987 - Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:20:12","indexId":"wri874267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4267","title":"Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987","docAbstract":"Drought conditions prevailed throughout the States of California , Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington during the summer of 1987. Streamflows were the lowest since the drought of 1977. Many streams had less discharge in August-September 1987 than in August-September of 1977. At some sites flows for July, August, and September were the minimum ever recorded for those months. The reason for the low flows, which occurred in spite of near normal precipitation for the 1987 water year (October 1, 1986 to September 30, 1987) were low winter snowpack, unseasonably early melt of that snowpack, and prolonged periods of well-above-average temperatures. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874267","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, L., 1987, Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4267, v, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874267.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4267/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, L.L.","contributorId":81513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28054,"text":"wri874169 - 1987 - Hydrology and water-quality at the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:31:58.06764","indexId":"wri874169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4169","title":"Hydrology and water-quality at the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri","docAbstract":"

Water samples from five monitoring wells adjacent to raffinate pits storing low-level radioactive waste contained concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen ranging from 53 to 990 milligrams per liter. Most samples also had maximum concentrations of calcium (900 milligrams per liter), sodium (340 milligrams per liter), sulfate (320 milligrams per liter), lithium (1,700 micrograms), strontium (1,900 micrograms per liter), and uranium (86 micrograms per liter). The raffinate pits also had large concentrations of these constituents. A water balance made on the raffinate pits indicated a 0.04 to 0.08 inch per day decrease in the water level that cannot be attributed to meterological conditions. These data and seismically-detected areas of saturated overburden beneath one raffinate pit and possibly adjacent to three other pits indicate leakage from the pits.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874169","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M., and Emmett, L.F., 1987, Hydrology and water-quality at the Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites, St. Charles County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4169, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874169.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46827.htm"},{"id":56890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"St. Charles County","otherGeospatial":"Weldon Spring radioactive waste-disposal sites","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.9167,\n 38.9167\n ],\n [\n -90.5833,\n 38.9167\n ],\n [\n -90.5833,\n 38.5833\n ],\n [\n -90.9167,\n 38.5833\n ],\n [\n -90.9167,\n 38.9167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, M. J.","contributorId":73222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, L. F.","contributorId":43332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26829,"text":"wri854237 - 1987 - Water resources of the Rio Grande de Añasco-lower valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T20:38:32.978974","indexId":"wri854237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4237","title":"Water resources of the Rio Grande de Añasco-lower valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

A large amount of water suitable for most uses is available in the lower Rio Grande de Anasco Valley, the major source of which is the Rio Grande de Anasco which contributes about 95% of the surface water inflow to the lower valley. River flow at El Espino exceeds 100 cu ft/sec about 85% of the time and 200 cu ft/sec 50% of the time. Average daily flow for the driest months of the year (February, March, and April), is almost always <100 cu ft/sec. In contrast, the average daily flow for the wettest, months of the year (September, October, and November), is > 120 cu ft/sec. During the study period, flows of the Rio Canas averaged about 5 cu ft/sec. The lower valley is underlain by igneous rocks that have been eroded to depths of 350 ft or more below sea level. The valley is filled with 250 ft or more of limestone and clay, that in turn is overlain by as much as 100 ft of alluvium. The amount of groundwater available is unknown. There are large volumes of water in the saturated mostly fine-grained alluvium of Zone II, but as a whole the alluvium does not yield water readily to wells. Sand and gravel deposits associated with former river channels yield an estimated 100 to 150 gal/min to wells. The principal source of groundwater is the limestone of Zone III, that reportedly yields as much as 500 gal/min to wells. The quality of surface water especially that of Rio Grande de Anasco was very good. Specific conductance seldom exceeds 250 microsiemens/cm, even at low flows. Both salinity and sodium are low, falling in the Cl-S1 irrigation water classification. Water quality in the lower 5,000 ft or so of the river was affected by saltwater encroachment from the sea. The water quality of the other streams and canals in the lower valley was variable depending on susceptibility of saltwater encroachment, contamination from man-made sources, and concentration of minerals by evapotranspiration. Specific conductance however seldom exceeded 500 microsiemens/cm and the water usually falls in the C1-S2 classification. The quality of groundwater in the alluvial aquifer was about the same as that of the water of the Rio Grande de Anasco except where encroached by saltwater or contaminated. The water from the limestone was more mineralized than that of the alluvium (about 600 to 700 microsiemens/cm), and was somewhat similar to that of the smaller streams and canals in the valley. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854237","usgsCitation":"Diaz, J.R., and Jordan, D., 1987, Water resources of the Rio Grande de Añasco-lower valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4237, vii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854237.","productDescription":"vii, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394913,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36385.htm"},{"id":55720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande de Anasco - lower valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.23770141601562,\n 18.248915760544524\n ],\n [\n -67.06878662109375,\n 18.248915760544524\n ],\n [\n -67.06878662109375,\n 18.293253626696984\n ],\n [\n -67.23770141601562,\n 18.293253626696984\n ],\n [\n -67.23770141601562,\n 18.248915760544524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, Jose Raul","contributorId":18363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Raul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Donald G.","contributorId":9519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Donald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27330,"text":"wri874141 - 1987 - Water resources near Dillingham in the Bristol Bay Area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri874141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4141","title":"Water resources near Dillingham in the Bristol Bay Area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Dillingham, the largest community in the Bristol Bay area of Alaska, lies near the confluence of the Wood and Nushagak Rivers. Mean annual discharges for the Wood and Nushagak Rivers are 4,824 and 22,650 cu ft/sec. Flows generally are greatest in May through July and lowest in January through April. The surface waters are a calcium bicarbonate type and have low concentrations of dissolved solids and suspended sediments. Water in the Wood-Nushagak estuary near Dillingham during a high tide in autumn 1985 had specific conductance values ranging from 110 to 3,000 microsiemens/cm. Groundwater is the predominant source of public, private, and commercial/industrial supply. Wells range in depth from 20 to 213 ft, yield up to 225 gal/min, and have water levels that range from 4 to 76 ft below land surface. All water levels measured during June and July 1986 were above sea level. Samples of groundwater contained < 500 mg/L dissolved solids but concentrations of iron and manganese were as great as 870 and 1,200 mg/L, respectively. Peak water use is in midsummer. In 1986, peak use in the townsite area was between 300,000 and 400,000 gal/day whereas in previous years it has been as great as 1 million gal/day. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874141","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., 1987, Water resources near Dillingham in the Bristol Bay Area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4141, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874141.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56196,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f08bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27377,"text":"wri864074 - 1987 - Planning report for the Caribbean Islands Regional Aquifer-System Analysis project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T18:19:54.815676","indexId":"wri864074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4074","title":"Planning report for the Caribbean Islands Regional Aquifer-System Analysis project","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864074","usgsCitation":"Gómez-Gómez, F., 1987, Planning report for the Caribbean Islands Regional Aquifer-System Analysis project: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4074, Report: vi, 50 p.; 3 Plates: 16.58 x 9.01 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864074.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 50 p.; 3 Plates: 16.58 x 9.01 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382703,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4074/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382702,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4074/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4074/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28287,"text":"wri864313 - 1987 - Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T19:34:29.548395","indexId":"wri864313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4313","title":"Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona","docAbstract":"

In 1981, investigations of groundwater quality around Tucson International Airport revealed a number of wells that pumped water contaminated with trichloroethylene. Subsequent investigations resulted in the delineation of three distinct areas of contamination, the largest of which encompasses about 5 sq mi of aquifer surface area. Most of the contamination is in the top 100 ft of the saturated groundwater flow system. A fine-grained confining layer that is present in much of the contaminated area significantly limits the vertical movement of the chlorinated groundwater. Within the contaminated area, measured trichloroethylene concentrations were as high as 3,100 mg/L in 1984. Measured concentrations are highly variable vertically as well as horizontally. Future quantitative studies of contaminant movement may benefit from additional data collection and experiments to determine which contaminant transport and groundwater flow equations are most appropriate. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864313","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Hanson, R.T., 1987, Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4313, Report: v, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 38.331 x 25.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864313.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 38.331 x 25.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57105,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36633.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.99371366505093,\n 32.181937259954395\n ],\n [\n -110.99371366505093,\n 32.082632511973415\n ],\n [\n -110.90576301382171,\n 32.082632511973415\n ],\n [\n -110.90576301382171,\n 32.181937259954395\n ],\n [\n -110.99371366505093,\n 32.181937259954395\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db642217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28190,"text":"wri864158 - 1987 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Inyan Kara, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, and Bear Lodge Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri864158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4158","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Inyan Kara, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, and Bear Lodge Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Inyan Kara, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers are the principal sources of ground water in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, and Bear Lodge Mountains, Wyoming. The aquifers are exposed in the Bear Lodge Mountains and the Black Hills and are about 3,000 to 5,000 ft below the land surface in the northeast corner of the study area. The direction of groundwater movement is from the outcrop area toward central South Dakota. Recharge is by infiltration of precipitation and streamflow is by springs and well withdrawals. All three aquifers yield water to flowing wells in some part of the area. Measured and reported well yields in each of the three aquifers exceed 100 gal/min (gpm). A well open to the Minnelusa Formation and the upper part of the Madison Limestone yielded more than 2 ,000 gpm. Water from the Inyan Kara aquifer may require treatment for gross alpha radiation, iron, manganese, sulfate, and hardness before use in public water systems. Water from the Minnelusa aquifer in the northern one-half of the study area may require treatment for sulfate and hardness before use in public water systems. Water from the Madison aquifer in the northern one-half of the study area may require treatment of fluoride, gross alpha radiation, sulfate, and hardness before use in public water systems. Water from the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the southern one-half of the study area, though very hard (more than 180 mg/L hardness as calcium carbonate), is suitable for public water systems and irrigation. Flow between the Minnelusa and the Inyan Kara aquifers appears to be insignificant, based on the results of a digital model results. The model indicated there may be significant recharge to the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers by leakage between these two aquifers and perhaps deeper aquifers. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri864158","usgsCitation":"Kyllonen, D., and Peter, K.D., 1987, Geohydrology and water quality of the Inyan Kara, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, and Bear Lodge Mountains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4158, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864158.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57027,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kyllonen, D.P.","contributorId":20791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyllonen","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peter, K. D.","contributorId":94319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28345,"text":"wri874092 - 1987 - Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and the possible effects of a hypothetical radioactive-water spill, Plainsboro Township, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T20:40:50.25744","indexId":"wri874092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4092","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and the possible effects of a hypothetical radioactive-water spill, Plainsboro Township, New Jersey","docAbstract":"

Princeton University, under contract to the Department of Energy , maintains a Tokamak fusion test reactor in New Jersey. The U.S. Geological Survey investigated groundwater flow and estimated the effects of a hypothetical spill of radioactive water at the site on the local groundwater system. The study included test drilling; aquifer testing; measurement of water levels, infiltration capacity, and stream discharge; and a simulation of the hypothetical spill. The Triassic Stockton Formation-a water supply aquifer composed primarily of jointed siltstone and sandstone-underlies the site. The aquifer is confined by overlying weathered bedrock and underlying unjointed rock. Weathered bedrock is overlain by unconsolidated, partially saturated material which ranges from 6 to 39 ft in thickness. Groundwater recharge is by lateral flow into the study area, stream leakage, and precipitation. Discharge is by pumpage, evapotranspiration, stream inflow, and lateral flow out of the study area. Transmissivity of the aquifer is about 1,740 sq ft/day, and the storage coefficient is about 0.0002. The average linear velocity of groundwater at the site ranges from 100 to 270 ft/yr depending on location and time of year. The velocity over a large part of the site is controlled by on-site pumpage. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for common ions, trace metals, and tritium. The analyses reported no concentrations of common ions or trace metals which exceeded the criteria for drinking water standards recommended by the EPA, except for some instances of moderately high concentrations of iron and manganese. Iron and manganese are common in groundwater and surface water in the area and are not indicative of an on-site source of contamination. Tritium concentrations in the collected samples were also considered representative of background levels and were well below the maximum concentration permitted by the EPA. The fate of spilled radioactive water after a hypothetical accident would depend on the nature of the accident and weather. If the on-site pumpage continued after a spill, groundwater leaving the site probably would have only minimal tritium concentrations, but stream water leaving the site could contain significant tritium concentrations. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874092","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J., and Spitz, F., 1987, Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and the possible effects of a hypothetical radioactive-water spill, Plainsboro Township, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4092, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874092.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395405,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46763.htm"},{"id":57153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Plainsboro Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.6056,\n 40.3417\n ],\n [\n -74.5917,\n 40.3417\n ],\n [\n -74.5917,\n 40.3528\n ],\n [\n -74.6056,\n 40.3528\n ],\n [\n -74.6056,\n 40.3417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, J. C.","contributorId":10057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spitz, F. J.","contributorId":56682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitz","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28143,"text":"wri864079 - 1987 - Estimated use of ground water for irrigation in Wisconsin, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T13:04:29","indexId":"wri864079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4079","title":"Estimated use of ground water for irrigation in Wisconsin, 1984","docAbstract":"

The flow from a sample of 143 irrigation wells from 6 irrigation areas in Wisconsin was measured using an external flowmeter during the 1983-84 irrigation seasons. The measured pumpages were correlated with reported pumpages. The equation that describes this correlation is Q(sub)m = 0.86 x Q(sub)r where Q(sub)m is the measured pumpage and Q(sub)r is the reported pumpage. This equation was used to adjust all reported irrigation pumpage, yielding a more accurate estimate of total irrigation water use. The maximum total irrigation pumpage for 1984 was estimated to be 31,700 million gallons by using the equation and accounting for both reported and unreported pumpage. From 1979 to 1984, irrigation pumpage increased a maximum of 25% and the maximum number of irrigation wells increased 32%. (Author 's abstract)

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Agrucultural Engineering Department","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., Ellefson, B., and Storlie, C., 1987, Estimated use of ground water for irrigation in Wisconsin, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4079, Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 23.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864079.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 23.00 inches","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefson, B.R.","contributorId":83927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefson","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlie, C.A.","contributorId":22808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlie","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27394,"text":"wri874125 - 1987 - An assessment of the variability in performance of wet atmospheric deposition samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri874125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4125","title":"An assessment of the variability in performance of wet atmospheric deposition samplers","docAbstract":"The variability in performance of two brands of wet/dry atmospheric deposition samplers were compared for 1 year at a sincle site. A total of nine samplers were used. Samples were collected weekly and analyzed for pH, specific conductance, common chemical constituents, and sample volume. Additionally, data on the duration of each sampler opening were recorded using a microdatalogger. These data disprove the common perception that samplers remain open throughout a precipitation event. The sensitivity of sampler sensors within the range tested did not have a defineable impact on sample collection. The nonnormal distribution within the data set necessitated application of the nonparametric Friedman Test to assess comparability of sample chemical composition and volume between and within sampler brands. Statistically significant differences existed for most comparisons, however the test did not permit quantification of their magnitudes. Differences in analyte concentrations between samplers were small. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Academy,","doi":"10.3133/wri874125","usgsCitation":"Graham, R., Robertson, J., and Obal, J., 1987, An assessment of the variability in performance of wet atmospheric deposition samplers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4125, vi, 152 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874125.","productDescription":"vi, 152 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56256,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, R.C.","contributorId":33740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, J.K.","contributorId":43737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obal, John","contributorId":97534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obal","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26605,"text":"wri864105 - 1987 - Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4105","title":"Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83","docAbstract":"Data were collected from December 1980 to September 1983 to describe water quality conditions of Calero Reservoir and the Almaden-Calero canal, Santa Clara County, California. Results show that water in Calero Reservoir and the canal generally met water quality criteria, as identified by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region, for municipal and domestic supply, water contact and non-contact recreation, warm water fish habitat, wildlife habitat, and fish spawning. Water temperature profiles show that Calero Reservoir can be classified as a warm monomictic reservoir. Water transparency profiles showed rapid attenuation of light with depth in the water column. The depth of the euphotic zone ranged from .5 m to 5.0 m. In winter and spring, light-extinction values generally were high throughout the water column; in summer and fall, values generally were high near the reservoir bottom. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were < 5.0 mg/L in about 22% of the measurements. Median pH values were 7.9 in the reservoir and 8.4 in the canal. Mean specific conductance values were 299 microsiemens/cm at 25 C in the reservoir and 326 in the canal. Calcium and magnesium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate the dominant anion in Calero Reservoir. Concentrations of total recoverable mercury in the bottom sediments in Calero Reservoir ranged from 0.06 to 0.85 mg/kg, but concentrations in the water column were was generally < 1 mg/L. Mean total nitrogen concentration in the Reservoir was 1.00 mg/L, much of it in dissolved form (mean concentration was 0.85 mg/L). Mean total organic nitrogen concentration in Calero Reservoir was 0.65 mg/L, and mean total nitrate concentration was 0.21 mg/L. Mean total phosphorus and dissolved orthophosphorous concentrations were 0.05 and 0.019 mg/L, respectively. Net primary productivity in the euphotic zone ranged from -2,000 to 10,000 mg of oxygen/sq m/day; the median value was 930. Carlson 's trophic-state index, calculated using water transparency, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a values, indicated that the reservoir was eutrophic. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations were < 20 colonies/100 ml in the reservoir and < 200 colonies/100 ml in the canal. Fecal streptococcal bacteria concentrations were generally < 45 colonies/100 ml in the reservoir and up to 260 colonies/100 ml in the canal. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864105","usgsCitation":"Clifton, D., and Gloege, I., 1987, Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4105, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864105.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, D.G.","contributorId":103292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gloege, I.S.","contributorId":15238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloege","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27680,"text":"wri874145 - 1987 - Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:56:14","indexId":"wri874145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4145","title":"Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia","docAbstract":"Large withdrawals of groundwater in the 1500 sq mi Albany area of southwestern Georgia have lowered water levels in deep aquifers as much as 140 ft. This study was conducted to evaluate the development potential of the shallow Upper Floridan aquifer as an alternate source of groundwater, especially for public supply. The Upper Floridan stores and transmits large quantities of water, mainly in a zone of high permeability in the lower part of the aquifer. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from < 10,000 sq ft/day northwest of Albany, to as much as 150 ,000 sq ft/day south and southeast of Albany. Twenty-eight years of agricultural and industrial pumping has not produced a long-term decline of the water level in the Upper Floridan; the aquifer system remains at equilibrium. The Upper Floridan yields hard, calcium bicarbonate-type water but concentrations do not exceed State drinking water standards. In most of the study area , contaminants applied to or spilled on the land surface eventually can be expected to percolate through the overburden and reach the aquifer. Thus, it is important that wells be sited away from areas that have been used for the storage and disposal of potential contaminants and, probably to a lesser extent, the application of agricultural chemicals. In the area of greatest development potential east of the Flint River, wells may penetrate major groundwater conduits. By limiting drawdown during well development and during production, the likelihood of causing sinkholes to form can be minimized. Closed depressions, or sinks, throughout the Dougherty Plain probably are unsuitable as well sites, because (1) they are subject to flooding, (2) they collect water from upgradient areas and could concentrate potential contaminants, (3) water probably percolates through their bottoms and could transport contaminants into the aquifer, and (4) the depressions may overlie limestone cavities filled with sand or clay that could interfere with well yield, development, and production. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874145","usgsCitation":"Hicks, D., Gill, H., and Longsworth, S., 1987, Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4145, vi, 52 p. :ill., 3 plates; maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874145.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p. :ill., 3 plates; maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri87-4145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56529,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56530,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56531,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56532,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany area","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,31 ], [ -85,32 ], [ -83,32 ], [ -83,31 ], [ -85,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hicks, D.W.","contributorId":61795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, H.E.","contributorId":24330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longsworth, S.A.","contributorId":47784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longsworth","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28303,"text":"wri874061 - 1987 - AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4061","title":"AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling","docAbstract":"A FORTRAN-77 computer program code that helps solve a variety of aquifer management problems involving the control of groundwater hydraulics. It is intended for use with any standard mathematical programming package that uses Mathematical Programming System input format. The computer program creates the input files to be used by the optimization program. These files contain all the hydrologic information and management objectives needed to solve the management problem. Used in conjunction with a mathematical programming code, the computer program identifies the pumping or recharge strategy that achieves a user 's management objective while maintaining groundwater hydraulic conditions within desired limits. The objective may be linear or quadratic, and may involve the minimization of pumping and recharge rates or of variable pumping costs. The problem may contain constraints on groundwater heads, gradients, and velocities for a complex, transient hydrologic system. Linear superposition of solutions to the transient, two-dimensional groundwater flow equation is used by the computer program in conjunction with the response matrix optimization method. A unit stress is applied at each decision well and transient responses at all control locations are computed using a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey two dimensional aquifer simulation model. The program also computes discounted cost coefficients for the objective function and accounts for transient aquifer conditions. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874061","usgsCitation":"Lefkoff, L., and Gorelick, S., 1987, AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4061, 164 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874061.","productDescription":"164 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lefkoff, L.J.","contributorId":47418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefkoff","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28306,"text":"wri874231 - 1987 - Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:11:11","indexId":"wri874231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4231","title":"Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984","docAbstract":"

Water in Cedar Creek Reservoir in northeast Texas had volume-weighted average concentrations of less than 140 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids, less than 30 milligrams per liter of dissolved sulfate, and less than 25 milligrams per liter of chloride between vh nuary 1977 and August 1984. The water was soft to moderately hard; the total hardness concentrations ranged from 55 to 75 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate.

\n

Thermal stratification in Cedar Creek Reservoir usually begins in late winter or early spring and persists until late fall. Stratification or summer stagnation causes significant seasonal and areal variations in concentrations of dissolved oxygen, iron, manganese, total inorganic nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Oxygen used in the decay of organic matter is not replenished during summer stagnation, and water below depths of 30 feet usually contains less than 2 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen. Often, oxygen is nearly depleted near the bottom in the deepest areas of the reservoir, thus causing reducing conditions.

\n

Reducing conditions during summer stagnation result in the dissolution of iron and manganese in bottom sediments. At the deepest site (Ac) near Joe B. Hoggset Dam, dissolved iron concentrations in water near the bottom averaged 1,860 micrograms per liter and manganese concentrations averaged 3,170 micrograms per liter. The concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese averaged less than 120 micrograms per liter throughout the reservoir during winter and spring circulation and in water near the reservoir's surface during summer stagnation.

\n

Seasonal temperature and dissolved oxygen cycles cause the recycling of dissolved iron and manganese between the water and bottom sediments. However, no substantial accumulation of these constituents within the reservoir was detected during the study.

\n

Of 10 trace elements studied, barium and arsenic were the most commonly found in detectable concentrations. Of 22 water samples collected for traceelement analysis, 15 contained barium in concentrations ranging from 40 to 300 micrograms per liter, and 19 contained arsenic in concentrations ranging from 1 to 26 micrograms per liter. However, these concentrations are below the maximum contaminant Hmit for barium (1,000 micrograms per liter) and arsenic (50 micrograms per liter) in drinking water.

\n

The concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were largest during summer stagnation in water near the bottom at the deepest sites. At site Ac, the largest total phosphorus concentration was 5.3 milligrams per liter for a bottom sample. The maximum total inorganic nitrogen concentration for the same sample was 2.5 milligrams per liter. Water near the surface of Cedar Creek Reservoir during summer stagnation and throughout the reservoir during winter circulation had total phosphorus and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations of less than 0.1 milligram per liter. Total nitrogen concentrations near the surface ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 milligrams per liter from January 1980 to August 1984.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874231","usgsCitation":"Leibbrand, N.F., and Gibbons, W.J., 1987, Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4231, v, 148 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874231.","productDescription":"v, 148 p.","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.14131578908406\n ],\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.439090125173585\n ],\n [\n -95.97244262695312,\n 32.439090125173585\n ],\n [\n -95.97244262695312,\n 32.14131578908406\n ],\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.14131578908406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5460aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibbrand, Norman F.","contributorId":173583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibbrand","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Willard J.","contributorId":173568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28526,"text":"wri874032 - 1987 - Comparison of irrigation pumpage and change in water storage of the High Plains Aquifer in Castro and Parmer counties, Texas, 1975-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:46:22","indexId":"wri874032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4032","title":"Comparison of irrigation pumpage and change in water storage of the High Plains Aquifer in Castro and Parmer counties, Texas, 1975-83","docAbstract":"

An understanding of the relationship between irrigation pumpage and change in ground-water storage was needed to quantify the amount of water returning to the High Plains aquifer as a result of intensive irrigation in Castro and Parmer Counties, Texas. Irrigation pumpage for the 9-year period, 1975-83, was estimated by using the Blaney-Criddle consumptive-use formula adjusted by a factor to account for irrigation demand and field-measured crop applications. Total estimated pumpage for the 9-year period was 11,269,000 acre-feet and 8,914,000 acre-feet. The estimated pumpage was based upon reported crop acreage data and LANDSAT acreage data, respectively.

\n

Aquifer storage for the same period was estimated as the product of specific yield, net water-level change, and area. Change in storage was 5,168,000 acre-feet. Many of the areas of the largest change in storage also were the areas of the largest saturated thickness. The only locations that did not experience substantial water-level declines were the northwest and northeast parts of the study area.

\n

A comparison was made of water returning to the aquifer by calculating the difference between irrigation pumpage and the change in aquifer storage. Two estimates of this comparison, expressed as a percentage of irrigation pumpage, were obtained on the basis of two different sources of acreage data. This comparison was 54 percent of pumpage based on reported crop acreage data and 42 percent of pumpage based on LANDSAT interpreted acreage data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874032","usgsCitation":"Mackey, G.W., 1987, Comparison of irrigation pumpage and change in water storage of the High Plains Aquifer in Castro and Parmer counties, Texas, 1975-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4032, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874032.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Castro County, Parmer County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0352783203125,\n 34.203852139669834\n ],\n [\n -103.0352783203125,\n 34.75289647745205\n ],\n [\n -101.73751831054686,\n 34.75289647745205\n ],\n [\n -101.73751831054686,\n 34.203852139669834\n ],\n [\n -103.0352783203125,\n 34.203852139669834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mackey, Gary W.","contributorId":173582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mackey","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27644,"text":"wri874155 - 1987 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T16:20:19","indexId":"wri874155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4155","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois","docAbstract":"

The water levels of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 21, at Quincy, Illinois, were developed from current meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to compute the gate openings of the tainter gates accurately. Discharge coefficients , in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head, forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged orifice and free weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri874155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A., 1987, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4155, viii, 44 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874155.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56505,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4155/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Quincy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.87009092185987\n ],\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.93619757794848\n ],\n [\n -91.38565063476562,\n 39.93619757794848\n ],\n [\n -91.38565063476562,\n 39.87009092185987\n ],\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.87009092185987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26871,"text":"wri844081 - 1987 - Geohydrology of the Antelope Valley Area, California and design for a ground-water-quality monitoring network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri844081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4081","title":"Geohydrology of the Antelope Valley Area, California and design for a ground-water-quality monitoring network","docAbstract":"A basinwide ideal network and an actual network were designed to identify ambient groundwater quality, trends in groundwater quality, and degree of threat from potential pollution sources in Antelope Valley, California. In general, throughout the valley groundwater quality has remained unchanged, and no specific trends are apparent. The main source of groundwater for the valley is generally suitable for domestic, irrigation, and most industrial uses. Water quality data for selected constituents of some network wells and surface-water sites are presented. The ideal network of 77 sites was selected on the basis of site-specific criteria, geohydrology, and current land use (agricultural, residential, and industrial). These sites were used as a guide in the design of the actual network consisting of 44 existing wells. Wells are currently being monitored and were selected whenever possible because of budgetary constraints. Of the remaining ideal sites, 20 have existing wells not part of a current water quality network, and 13 are locations where no wells exist. The methodology used for the selection of sites, constituents monitored, and frequency of analysis will enable network users to make appropriate future changes to the monitoring network. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844081","usgsCitation":"Duell, L., 1987, Geohydrology of the Antelope Valley Area, California and design for a ground-water-quality monitoring network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4081, iv, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844081.","productDescription":"iv, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55761,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4081/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55762,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4081/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55763,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4081/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duell, L.F.","contributorId":23983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28316,"text":"wri854311 - 1987 - Recharge of shallow aquifers through two ephemeral-stream channels in northeastern Wyoming, 1982-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T22:00:49.578998","indexId":"wri854311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4311","title":"Recharge of shallow aquifers through two ephemeral-stream channels in northeastern Wyoming, 1982-83","docAbstract":"

Quantifying the recharge from ephemeral streams to alluvial and bedrock aquifers will help evaluate the effects of surface mining on alluvial valley floors in Wyoming. Two stream reaches were chosen for study in the Powder River basin. One reach was located along the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River near Glenrock, Wyoming, and the other reach was located along Black Thunder Creek near Hampshire, Wyoming. The reach along the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River was instrumented with 3 gaging stations to measure streamflow and with 6 observation wells to measure groundwater level fluctuations in alluvial and bedrock aquifers in response to streamflow. The 3 streamflow gaging stations were located within the 2.5-mi study reach to measure the approximate gain or loss of discharge along the reach. Computed streamflow losses ranged from 0.43 acre-ft/mi on July 9 , 1982, to 1.44 acre-ft/mi on August 9, 1982. The observation wells completed only in the alluvial aquifer were dry during flow in the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River, whereas water levels in half of the observation wells completed in the bedrock aquifers or the alluvial and bedrock aquifers rose in response to flow in the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River. Groundwater recharge on August 9, 1982, was calculated using a convolution technique using groundwater levels at the upstream site and was estimated to be 26.5 acre-ft/mi. The reach along Black Thunder Creek was instrumented with one gaging station to measure streamflow and with 4 observation wells to measure water level response in alluvial and bedrock aquifers to streamflow. Recharge to the alluvial aquifer from flow in Black Thunder Creek ranged from 3.56 to 12.4 acre-ft/mi. The recharge was estimated using the convolution technique using water level measurements in the observation wells completed in the alluvial aquifer. Water level measurements in the observation wells indicated water level rises in the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in response to flow in Black Thunder Creek.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854311","usgsCitation":"Lenfest, L.W., 1987, Recharge of shallow aquifers through two ephemeral-stream channels in northeastern Wyoming, 1982-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4311, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854311.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57131,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4311/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36443.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 43.135\n ],\n [\n -105.799,\n 43.135\n ],\n [\n -105.799,\n 43.214\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 43.214\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 43.135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65561f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenfest, L. W.","contributorId":26728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenfest","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27710,"text":"wri844115 - 1987 - Underground coal mines as sources of water for public supply in northern Upshur County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri844115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4115","title":"Underground coal mines as sources of water for public supply in northern Upshur County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Water use for the public supply in northern Upshur County, West Virginia exceeds the 1930 drought flow of its water source, the Buckhannon River. Three underground flooded coal mines near Buckhannon store about 1,170 acre-ft of water. This stored water , plus an additional 500 gal/min of groundwater infiltration into the mine, is enough to supply current public water needs of the area (1,500 gal/min) for 265 days, and projected needs (2 ,500 gal/min) for the year 2018 for about 135 days. This is also adequate enough for the year 2018 during droughts comparable to those in 1953 and 1930, for which 1900 gal/min and 2400 gal/min would be needed, respectively, to augment the surface-water source. Water from the flooded mines is chemically similar to water from nearby wells; however, nearby coal mining or pumpage from the mines may cause roof falls or subsidence, turbidity, changes in water quality, or leakage into or from the mines. More than 70 communities in West Virginia use water from coal mines for public supply. The flooded coal mines near Buckhannon could supply the public-water supply needs of northern Upshur County for about 265 days, but the water will require treatment to remove dissolved substances. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies available from Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri844115","usgsCitation":"Hobba, W., 1987, Underground coal mines as sources of water for public supply in northern Upshur County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4115, vi, 38 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844115.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56556,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobba, W.A. Jr.","contributorId":77518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobba","given":"W.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28314,"text":"wri824105 - 1987 - Evapotranspiration rates at selected sites in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri824105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4105","title":"Evapotranspiration rates at selected sites in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"Twelve sites were chosen for a study of evapotranspiration in the Powder River basin based on variations in topography and plant communities, geographic location, and the availability of groundwater data at the sites. Evapotranspiration rates were estimated from groundwater, meteorological, and vegetation data using the Blaney-Criddle method. Five of the sites were equipped with digital recorders that provided continuous groundwater level data at the sites for the 1978 growing season. Evapotranspiration was estimated monthly during the growing season and ranged from 0 to 3.7 inches per month. Total evapotranspiration rates for the growing season ranged from 8.3 to 14.9 inches. Discharge per mile of stream reach was estimated for three of the sites and ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 cubic foot per second. The well records for the remaining seven sites consisted of monthly, or less frequent, water-level measurements. Evapotranspiration rates estimated for those months for which water-level data were available ranged from 0 to 3.8 inches per month. Only one of these sites had monthly water-level measurements for the entire growing season; a total of 9.7 inches of evapotranspiration was estimated for the growing season at this site. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824105","usgsCitation":"Lenfest, L.W., 1987, Evapotranspiration rates at selected sites in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4105, v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824105.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenfest, L. W.","contributorId":26728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenfest","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27882,"text":"wri864336 - 1987 - Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri864336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4336","title":"Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama","docAbstract":"A study of the cost effectiveness of the stream gaging program in Alabama identified data uses and funding sources for 72 surface water stations (including dam stations, slope stations, and continuous-velocity stations) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alabama with a budget of $393,600. Of these , 58 gaging stations were used in all phases of the analysis at a funding level of $328,380. For the current policy of operation of the 58-station program, the average standard error of estimation of instantaneous discharge is 29.3%. This overall level of accuracy can be maintained with a budget of $319,800 by optimizing routes and implementing some policy changes. The maximum budget considered in the analysis was $361,200, which gave an average standard error of estimation of 20.6%. The minimum budget considered was $299,360, with an average standard error of estimation of 36.5%. The study indicates that a major source of error in the stream gaging records is lost or missing data that are the result of streamside equipment failure. If perfect equipment were available, the standard error in estimating instantaneous discharge under the current program and budget could be reduced to 18.6%. This can also be interpreted to mean that the streamflow data records have a standard error of this magnitude during times when the equipment is operating properly. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864336","usgsCitation":"Jeffcoat, H., 1987, Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4336, v, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864336.","productDescription":"v, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4336/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffcoat, H.H.","contributorId":59471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffcoat","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28543,"text":"wri874118 - 1987 - Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri874118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4118","title":"Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Analysis of daily phosphorus yield and streamflow data collected before and after implementation of agricultural best management practices in the Johnson Brook watershed in south-central Maine indicated statistically significant reductions in phosphorus loading in all flow categories. Reduction of median loadings for five flow categories ranged from 26% to 90%. The annual total phosphorus yield was reduced 17% after implementation of the best management practices. The observed phosphorus yield reduction is considerable because of two streamflow factors. First, the period after implementation of the best management practices had eight more storms. Periods of storm runoff in the post-implementation period had 31 days with greater than average streamflow, and a maximum daily streamflow more than three times greater than those observed in the pre-implementation period. Second, the annual streamflow was 128% greater in the year after the management practices were implemented. Because the potential for phosphorous transport increases with runoff, and greater yields are possible when the volume of water increases, a higher phosphorus yield would be expected in the post-implementation period than during the pre-implementation period, if other factors had remained unchanged. The reductions in phosphorous yield in the study area are not expected to have a significant effect on the eutrophic conditions observed in Lovejoy Pond. Phosphorous concentrations in the pond will continue to be capable of supporting algal blooms. However, the intensity and duration of blooms are expected to be less than those observed before best management practice implementation. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874118","usgsCitation":"Maloney, T.J., and Sowles, J.W., 1987, Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4118, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874118.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57375,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Thomas J.","contributorId":35736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowles, John W.","contributorId":40634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28475,"text":"wri874085 - 1987 - Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4085","title":"Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Three models of the aquifer in the southern High Plains were compared to determine the effect of grid size on simulated water levels. The first model, calibrated prior to this study, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels in this model was +0.28 ft with a standard deviation of 25.8 ft. The second model, calibrated during this study independently of the first model, had 5-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels was -0.01 ft with a standard deviation of 44.4 ft. For 1980 water levels, the mean difference was +8.22 ft with a standard deviation of 27.9 ft. The results from the first and second models were compared. The standard deviation of the differences in simulated water levels was 19.0 ft for the pre-development period and 21.8 ft for 1980. There appeared to be no hydrologic significance to the pattern of the differences. A third model, constructed by aggregating the data from the second model, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference in simulated pre-development water levels between the second and third models was +0.86 ft with a standard deviation of 8.9 ft. For the 1980 water levels, the mean difference between the models was +0.39 ft with a standard deviation of 4.4 ft. The study found that the same hydrologic conclusions would have been reached had 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing been used. It was further concluded that the difference in simulated water levels between models with 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing was five to six times smaller than the differences between the simulated and measured water levels. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874085","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., and Stephens, D., 1987, Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4085, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874085.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62565e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D.M.","contributorId":42970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27643,"text":"wri874149 - 1987 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 20, Canton, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri874149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4149","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 20, Canton, Missouri","docAbstract":"The water levels of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 20, at Canton, Missouri, were developed from current meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to compute accurately the gate openings of the tainter gates. Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head , forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged orifice flow. A comparison of the discharges defined by the hydraulic model ratings and those computed by the equations developed in this study are given for selected gate openings. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874149","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A., 1987, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 20, Canton, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4149, viii, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874149.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}