{"pageNumber":"433","pageRowStart":"10800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16505,"records":[{"id":70199597,"text":"70199597 - 1995 - Relations between stream temperature discharge, and stream/groundwater interaction along several mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:45:02","indexId":"70199597","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:41:33","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Relations between stream temperature discharge, and stream/groundwater interaction along several mountain streams","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Ontario, Canada","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Zellweger, G., 1995, Relations between stream temperature discharge, and stream/groundwater interaction along several mountain streams, chap. <i>of</i> Mountain hydrology, p. 79-85.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Guy, B.T.","contributorId":208108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guy","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernard, J.","contributorId":178941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James jconstan@usgs.gov","contributorId":168431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zellweger, G.","contributorId":78526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199596,"text":"70199596 - 1995 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:26:29","indexId":"70199596","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:24:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1995, Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States, chap. <i>of</i> Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art, p. 159-173.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199591,"text":"70199591 - 1995 - Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:03:13","indexId":"70199591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:00:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solute modelling in catchment systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., Sklash, C., and Bullen, T.D., 1995, Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments, chap. <i>of</i> Solute modelling in catchment systems, p. 261-303.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklash, C.","contributorId":208098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklash","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198687,"text":"70198687 - 1995 - Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T07:12:51","indexId":"70198687","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:10:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this chapter we discuss the major processes affecting solutes in rivers and streams. Here a&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">solute</i><span>&nbsp;is generally defined as any substance or entity that is transported downstream by the flowing waters. Under this definition, solutes may be pollutants, such as pesticides and hydrocarbons, or naturally occurring substances such as dissolved gases, nutrients, and trace elements. Study of the processes affecting solutes is an important undertaking, as pollutants may pose a threat to public health when the affected waterbody is used as a water supply or for recreational purposes. Another important issue is the effect of pollutants on the aquatic organisms that inhabit the stream ecosystem.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer, Dordrecht ","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Bencala, K.E., 1995, Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental hydrology, v. 15, p. 137-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175232,"text":"70175232 - 1995 - The role of climate in estuarine variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T16:02:06.885493","indexId":"70175232","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of climate in estuarine variability","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Cayan, D., DiLeo, J., Noble, M., and Dettinger, M., 1995, The role of climate in estuarine variability: American Scientist, v. 83, no. 1, p. 58-67.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c434e4b006cb45552c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiLeo, J.","contributorId":173381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiLeo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185716,"text":"70185716 - 1995 - Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:19:00","indexId":"70185716","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water retention times in the Finger Lakes, a group of 11 lakes in central New York with similar hydrologic and climatic characteristics, were estimated by use of a tritium-balance model. During July 1991, samples were collected from the 11 lakes and selected tributary streams and were analyzed for tritium, deuterium, and oxygen-18. Additional samples from some of the sites were collected in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Tritium concentration in lake water ranged from 24.6 Tritium Units (TU) (Otisco Lake) to 43.2 TU (Seneca Lake).The parameters in the model used to obtain water retention time (WRT) included relative humidity, evaporation rate, tritium concentrations of inflowing water and lake water, and WRT of the lake. A historical record of tritium concentrations in precipitation and runoff was obtained from rainfall data at Ottawa, Canada, analyses of local wines produced during 1977–1991, and streamflow samples collected in 1990–1991. The model was simulated in yearly steps for 1953–1991, and the WRT was varied to reproduce tritium concentrations measured in each lake in 1991. Water retention times obtained from model simulations ranged from 1 year for Otisco Lake to 12 years for Seneca Lake, and with the exception of Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, were in agreement with earlier estimates obtained from runoff estimates and chloride balances. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes was tested to determine possible reasons for the differences calculated for WRT's for Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake. The shorter WRT obtained from tritium data for Lake Seneca (12 years as compared to 18 years) can be explained by a yearly addition of less than 3% by lake volume of ground water to the lake, the exact percentage depending on tritium concentration in the ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Kraemer, T.F., 1995, Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7886962890625,\n              42.85180609584705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.794189453125,\n              42.78532283730215\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.640380859375,\n              42.63597933867727\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23663330078125,\n              42.3016903282445\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.54998779296875,\n              42.342305278572816\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.16546630859375,\n              42.82562425459303\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.30279541015625,\n              43.018705515824635\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174715,"text":"70174715 - 1995 - Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:02:49","indexId":"70174715","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries are transitional ecosystems at the interface of the terrestrial and marine realms. Their unique physiographic position gives rise to large spatial variability, and to dynamic temporal variability resulting, in part, from a variety of forces and fluxes at the oceanic and terrestrial boundaries. River flow, in particular, is an important mechanism for delivering watershed-derived materials such as fresh water, sediments, and nutrients; each of these quantities in turn directly influences the physical structure and biological communities of estuaries. With this setting in mind, we consider here the general proposition that estuarine variability at the yearly time scale can be caused by annual fluctuations in river flow. We use a “long-term” (15-year) time series of phytoplankton biomass variability in South San Francisco Bay (SSFB), a lagoon-type estuary in which phytoplankton primary production is the largest source of organic carbon (</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">Jassby et al. 1993</span><span>).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological time","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A.D., 1995, Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological time, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35610961914062,\n              37.81629348024509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30255126953126,\n              37.8271414168374\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              37.79893346559687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703125,\n              37.792422407988575\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21466064453125,\n              37.763115548102924\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18582153320312,\n              37.69577435330179\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14462280273436,\n              37.61640705577992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13912963867188,\n              37.580500850738936\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09655761718749,\n              37.58811876638322\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05947875976562,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95510864257811,\n              37.47594794878128\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              37.45632796865522\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02102661132814,\n              37.42906945530329\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08831787109375,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13775634765625,\n              37.48575600784828\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33276367187499,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3712158203125,\n              37.606616172899535\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.678386041261184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.70772645289051\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36297607421874,\n              37.73162487017297\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39730834960938,\n              37.77505678240509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c2e4b0d27deb387069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187050,"text":"70187050 - 1995 - Mapping the response of riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:14","indexId":"70187050","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the response of riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study was initiated to determine the general effects of potential flow reductions in the middle Snake River (Swan Falls Dam downstream to the Idaho-Oregon border) on its riparian vegetation. Considerable water from the river is currently used to irrigate the adjacent Snake River Plain, and increased demand for water in the future is likely. The problem was subdivided into several research components including: field investigation of the existing riparian vegetation and river environment, hydrological modeling to calculate the effects of one flow scenario on hydrological regime, and integration of vegetation and hydrological modeling results with a Geographic Information System (GIs) to map the riverbed, island, and bank conditions under the scenario flow. Field work was conducted in summer 1990. Riparian vegetation along 40 U.S. Geological Survey cross-sections was sampled at approximately 1.25 mile intervals within the 50 mile long study area. Cross-section and flow data were provided by the U.S. Geological. Survey. GIs mapping of land/water cover using ARC/INFO was based on 1987 aerial photographs. Riverbed contour maps were produced by linking cross-section data, topographic contouring software (</span><span class=\"small-caps\">anudem</span><span>), and GIs. The maps were used to spatially display shallow areas in the channel likely to become vegetated under reduced flow conditions. The scenario would reduce flow by approximately 20% (160 MAF) and lower the river an average of 0.5 ft. The scenario flow could cause a drop in the elevation of the riparian zone comparable to the drop in mean river level and expansion of the lower riparian zone into shallow areas of the channel. The GIs maps showed that the shallow areas of the channel more likely to become vegetated under the scenario flow are located in wide reaches near islands. Some possible ecological consequences of the scenario flow include a greater area of riparian habitat, reduced flow velocity and sedimentation in shallow channels leading to channel deactivation, increased island visitation and nest predation by predatory mammals due to loss of a water barrier between some islands and banks, and larger populations of alien plant species in the new riparian vegetation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(95)00048-A","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W.C., Dixon, M.D., Simons, R.W., Jenson, S., and Larson, K., 1995, Mapping the response of riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho: Geomorphology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 159-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00048-A.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.2900390625,\n              43.135065496929165\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31500244140626,\n              43.135065496929165\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31500244140626,\n              43.78299262890581\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2900390625,\n              43.78299262890581\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2900390625,\n              43.135065496929165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d8e4b0b7ea5452410b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":189219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Mark D.","contributorId":48055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, Robert W.","contributorId":33632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenson, Susan","contributorId":191180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Kevin","contributorId":191179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185713,"text":"70185713 - 1995 - Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:21:31","indexId":"70185713","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the effect of metal associated with the gut content in immature aquatic insects (larvae and nymphs) on spatial and interspecific comparisons of whole-body metal concentrations. Four species, common to cobble-bottom rivers and streams, were collected along an established contamination gradient in the Clark Fork River, and from tributaries of the Clark Fork. Metal concentrations were determined in the gut and its content and in the insect body. Whole-body metal concentrations were higher and more variable as a result of gut content. The positive bias produced by the gut content did not alter interpretations of site contamination in most cases. Interspecific comparisons of metal bioaccumulation also were not greatly affected by the presence of gut content. The influence of gut content was specific for metal, species, and site. Feeding habit, gut size, and metal bioaccumulation in the body affected the relative contribution of the gut and its content to metal concentrations in the whole insect.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-862","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Luoma, S., and Axtmann, E., 1995, Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 12, p. 2736-2746, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-862.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2736","endPage":"2746","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axtmann, E.V.","contributorId":30652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axtmann","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018927,"text":"70018927 - 1995 - Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018927","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Perris Valley, California, have more than tripled during the last 20 years, resulting in increased storm-runoff volumes and peak discharges. To quantify the effects of increased urbanization, rainfall-runoff models of the basin were developed to simulate runoff for 1970-75 and 1990-93 conditions. Hourly rainfall data for 1949-93 were used with the rainfall-runoff models to simulate a long-term record of storm runoff. The hydrologic effects of increased urbanization from 1970-75 to 1990-93 conditions were analyzed by comparing the frequency of annual peak discharges and runoff volumes, and a duration analysis of storm peak discharges. The maximum annual-peak discharge for the 1990-93 model simulation was 32 percent higher than the discharge for 1970-75 model simulation. However, the frequency analysis of each time series indicated the 100-year peak discharges for each study period were identical.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., 1995, Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1193-1197.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1197","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3618e4b0c8380cd60437","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guay, Joel R.","contributorId":22403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":87315,"text":"87315 - 1995 - The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T15:45:12","indexId":"87315","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The California desert: An Introduction to natural resources and man's Impact","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"J. Latting Books","publisherLocation":"Riverside, CA","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., Rado, T., and Mack, P., 1995, The California Desert Conservation Area database for vegetation, wildlife, soils and hydrology with examples of research needs for land management, chap. <i>of</i> The California desert: An Introduction to natural resources and man's Impact, p. 513-567.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"567","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681b9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Latting, J.L.","contributorId":111546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latting","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowlands, P.G.","contributorId":113182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowlands","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504961,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rado, T.A.","contributorId":79420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rado","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, P.D.","contributorId":36882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018948,"text":"70018948 - 1995 - Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:51:29","indexId":"70018948","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The timing of changes in the stage and salinity of Double Lakes of Lynn County, Texas, was estimated using dissolved-chloride profiles across an underlying shale layer. Lake conditions over the past 30 to 50 ka can be inferred from the chloride profiles by using the advective velocity of the pore water through the shale and an appropriate coefficient of molecular diffusion. The profiles suggest that net-evaporative conditions existed over the southern High Plains for the past 50 ka; a period of increasing salinity in the lake began at ∼20 ka and reached current levels at ∼5 ka. In addition, deflationary conditions were present for at least 4 ka, and likely began or were accelerated during the most recent altithermal period at ∼5 ka. This type of lake-brine record may also exist in many other saline lake environments throughout the Great Plains of North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0229:PRFLBO>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Wood, W.W., 1995, Paleohydrologic record from lake brine on the southern High Plains, Texas: Geology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 229-232, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0229:PRFLBO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f6e4b0c8380cd7735a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":213533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018875,"text":"70018875 - 1995 - Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:04:03","indexId":"70018875","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00011a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1995, Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 2778-2781, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00011a012.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2778","endPage":"2781","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9500e4b0c8380cd81751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018740,"text":"70018740 - 1995 - Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:31:59","indexId":"70018740","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors","docAbstract":"<p>A combined field and laboratory study was undertaken to understand the distribution and geochemical conditions that influence the prevalence of low molecular weight organic acids in groundwater of a shallow aquifer contaminated with gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons from gasoline were degraded by microbially mediated oxidation-reduction reactions, including reduction of nitrate, sulfate, and Fe(III). The biogeochemical reactions changed overtime in response to changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions in the aquifer. Aliphatic and aromatic organic acids were associated with hydrocarbon degradation in anoxic zones of the aquifer. Laboratory microcosms demonstrated that the biogeochemical fate of specific organic acids observed in groundwater varied with the structure of the acid and the availability of electron acceptors. Benzoic and phenylacetic acid were degraded by indigenous aquifer microorganisms when nitrate was supplied as an electron acceptor. Aromatic acids with two or more methyl substituants on the benzene ring persisted under nitrate-reducing conditions. Although iron reduction and sulfate reduction were important processes in situ and occurred in the microcosms, these reactions were not coupled to the biological oxidation of aromatic organic acids that were added to the microcosms as electron donors.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00002a023","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I., Herman, J., and Baedecker, M.J., 1995, Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 458-469, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f11e4b0c8380cd5374b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, M. Jo","contributorId":9920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018741,"text":"70018741 - 1995 - Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:14:56","indexId":"70018741","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract_block\"><i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was assessed as a biosentinel species in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Uptake of metal in both the laboratory and field showed that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was sufficiently responsive to Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni and V to detect environmental differences in exposure. It was less suitable as an indicator of Cu and Zn contamination. Concentration factors for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were: Ag, 386000; Cd, 50200; Cr, 36600; Cu, 12200; Ni, 5200; and Zn, 115500. Samples were collected from 6 stations throughout the bay at near-monthly intervals from January 1991 to March 1992. Variability within a collection was influenced by gut content and animal size. Other sources of variability were time [coefficient of variation (CV) = 10 to 21%], small-scale spatial variability (within 3 km, CV = 10 to 25%), and large-scale spatial variability (CV = 3.3 to 12.4%). Depuration for 48 h was necessary to mitigate bias from gut content. Precision was improved by analyzing large numbers of individuals (60 to 120) separated into several (5 to 14) composites at each collection and by determining, from regression, the mean and variance for samples with significant correlations between metal concentration and shell length. Repeated monthly sampling increased the accuracy of long-term site characterizations. Temporal variability was small because of drought. The grand means of the concentrations of Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni, and V in the tissues of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at each station for the 15 mo period revealed persistent contamination from industrialized Suisun Bay to the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Demonstration of responsiveness, precision and accuracy should be a prerequisite for the optimal use of biosentinels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps124129","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.L., and Luoma, S., 1995, Use of the euryhaline bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis as a biosentinel species to assess trace metal contamination in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 124, no. 1-3, p. 129-142, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps124129.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps124129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9de4b08c986b329c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019624,"text":"70019624 - 1995 - Assessment of information on ground-water/surface-water interactions in the northern midcontinent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:45:54","indexId":"70019624","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of information on ground-water/surface-water interactions in the northern midcontinent","docAbstract":"Ground-water/surface-water interactions are important to the hydrology of shallow aquifers, streams, lakes, and wetlands. Information on ground-water/surface-water interactions in the northern midcontinent was assessed. The ground-water/surface-water interactions in physiographic and climatic areas that contain many wetlands differed from the interactions in areas that consisted predominantly of alluvial aquifers along large streams. In both types of areas, however, the interactions are complex. The distribution of shallow ground-water observation wells in the northern midcontinent and the frequency of measurement were evaluated. Most shallow wells are located adjacent to major streams, especially in areas where wetlands are not a dominant surface-water feature. The frequency of measurement was inconsistent between states.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"August 14-16, 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Strobel, M., 1995, Assessment of information on ground-water/surface-water interactions in the northern midcontinent, <i>in</i> International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, August 14-16, 1995, p. 331-335.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee3be4b0c8380cd49c37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strobel, Michael L.","contributorId":53002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobel","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018958,"text":"70018958 - 1995 - Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:39:38","indexId":"70018958","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Yucatan Peninsula is a coastal plain underlain by permeable limestone and receives abundant rainfall. Such hydrogeologic conditions should provide major supplies of water; however, factors of climate and hydrogeology have combined to form a hydrologic system with chemical boundaries that limits the amount of fresh water available. Management of water resources has long had a major influence on the cultural and economic development of the Yucatan. The Mayan culture of the northern Yucatan developed on extensive use of groundwater. The religion was water oriented and the Mayan priests prayed to Chac, the water god, for assistance in water management, primarily to decrease the severity of droughts. The Spaniards arrived in 1517 and augmented the supply by digging wells, which remained the common practice for more than 300 years. Many wells now have been abandoned because of serious problems of pollution. A historical perspective of a paper such as this provides insight into the attitudes concerning water of early people and perhaps provides insight into current attitudes concerning water. Hydrogeologists possess the expertise to generate relevant information required by water managers to arrive at management programs to achieve sustainable development. ?? 1995 Springer-Verlag.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00766752","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1995, Water management by early people in the Yucatan, Mexico: Environmental Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766752.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766752"}],"country":"Mexico ","otherGeospatial":"Yucatan Peninsula ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.429443359375,\n              22.471954507739227\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              22.471954507739227\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              18.114529138838503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc854e4b08c986b32c8ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019592,"text":"70019592 - 1995 - Methylmercury oxidative degradation potentials in contaminated and pristine sediments of the Carson River, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:31:03.893216","indexId":"70019592","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury oxidative degradation potentials in contaminated and pristine sediments of the Carson River, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Sediments from mercury-contaminated and uncontaminated reaches of the Carson River, Nevada, were assayed for sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, denitrification, and monomethylmercury (MeHg) degradation. Demethylation of [<sup>14</sup>C]MeHg was detected at all sites as indicated by the formation of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>. Oxidative demethylation was indicated by the formation of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and was present at significant levels in all samples. Oxidized/reduced demethylation product ratios (i.e., <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>/<sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> ratios) generally ranged from 4.0 in surface layers to as low as 0.5 at depth. Production of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> was most pronounced at sediment surfaces which were zones of active denitrification and sulfate reduction but was also significant within zones of methanogenesis. In a core taken from an uncontaminated site having a high proportion of oxidized, coarse-grain sediments, sulfate reduction and methanogenic activity levels were very low and <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> accounted for 98% of the product formed from [<sup>14</sup>C]MeHg. There was no apparent relationship between the degree of mercury contamination of the sediments and the occurrence of oxidative demethylation. However, sediments from Fort Churchill, the most contaminated site, were most active in terms of demethylation potentials. Inhibition of sulfate reduction with molybdate resulted in significantly depressed oxidized/reduced demethylation product ratios, but overall demethylation rates of inhibited and uninhibited samples were comparable. Addition of sulfate to sediment slurries stimulated production of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> from [<sup>14</sup>C]MeHg, while 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid blocked production of <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>. These results reveal the importance of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria in oxidative demethylation of MeHg in anoxic environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.7.2745-2753.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Miller, L., Dowdle, P., Connell, T., and Barkay, T., 1995, Methylmercury oxidative degradation potentials in contaminated and pristine sediments of the Carson River, Nevada: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 7, p. 2745-2753, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.7.2745-2753.1995.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2745","endPage":"2753","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.7.2745-2753.1995","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Fort Churchill, Gardnerville","otherGeospatial":"Carson River, Lahontan Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.11007993146325,\n              39.46372555778021\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11007993146325,\n              39.42898700959935\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03810342868726,\n              39.42898700959935\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03810342868726,\n              39.46372555778021\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11007993146325,\n              39.46372555778021\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.33667026097825,\n              39.30105565830746\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.33667026097825,\n              39.28157222129434\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24323922372122,\n              39.28157222129434\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24323922372122,\n              39.30105565830746\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.33667026097825,\n              39.30105565830746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.73726210258201,\n              38.92441685053868\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.73726210258201,\n              38.865435078844115\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68725919560552,\n              38.865435078844115\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68725919560552,\n              38.92441685053868\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.73726210258201,\n              38.92441685053868\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a561ee4b0c8380cd6d366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowdle, P.","contributorId":80439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connell, T.","contributorId":35889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barkay, T.","contributorId":57617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barkay","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018869,"text":"70018869 - 1995 - Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:44:20","indexId":"70018869","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","docAbstract":"Land-cover information is used routinely to support the interpretation of water-quality data. The Prototype 1990 Conterminous US Land Cover Characteristics Data Set, developed primarily from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, was made available to the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study described in this paper explored the utility of the 1990 national data set for developing quantitative estimates of the areal extent of principal land-cover types within large areal units. Land-cover data were collected in 1993 at 210 sites in the Central Nebraska Basins, one of the NAWQA study units. Median percentage-corn estimates for each sampling stratum wre used to produce areally weighted estimates of the percentage-corn cover for hydrologic units. Comparison of those areal estimates with an independent source of 1992 land-cover data showed good agreement. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049509354514","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., Brown, J.F., and Kelley, M., 1995, Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment: Geocarto International, v. 10, no. 4, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049509354514.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc102e4b08c986b32a404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, M.S.","contributorId":14003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018880,"text":"70018880 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:46:51","indexId":"70018880","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","docAbstract":"<p>Polycarboxylic acid structures that account for the strong-acid characteristics (pKa1 near 2.0) were examined for fulvic acid from the Suwannee River. Studies of model compounds demonstrated that pKa values near 2.0 occur only if the a-ether or a-ester groups were in cyclic structures with two to three additional electronegative functional groups (carboxyl, ester, ketone, aromatic groups) at adjacent positions on the ring. Ester linkage removal by alkaline hydrolysis and destruction of ether linkages through cleavage and reduction with hydriodic acid confirmed that the strong carboxyl acidity in fulvic acid was associated with polycarboxylic a-ether and a-ester structures. Studies of hypothetical structural models of fulvic acid indicated possible relation of these polycarboxylic structures with the amphiphilic and metal-binding properties of fulvic acid.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a016","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8ee4b08c986b31cf7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018756,"text":"70018756 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:44:15","indexId":"70018756","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures","docAbstract":"An investigation of the strong-acid characteristics (pKa 3.0 or less) of fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia, was conducted. Quantitative determinations were made for amino acid and sulfur-containing acid structures, oxalate half-ester structures, malonic acid structures, keto acid structures, and aromatic carboxyl-group structures. These determinations were made by using a variety of spectrometric (13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometry) and titrimetric characterizations on fulvic acid or fulvic acid samples that were chemically derivatized to indicate certain functional groups. Only keto acid and aromatic carboxyl-group structures contributed significantly to the strong-acid characteristics of the fulvic acid; these structures accounted for 43% of the strong-acid acidity. The remaining 57% of the strong acids are aliphatic carboxyl groups in unusual and/or complex configurations for which limited model compound data are available.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8de4b08c986b31cf76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018887,"text":"70018887 - 1995 - Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:17:11","indexId":"70018887","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams is governed by a suite of hydrologic and chemical processes. Interactions between hydrologic processes and chemical reactions may be quantified through a combination of field-scale experimentation and simulation modeling. Two mathematical models that simulate conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams are presented. A model for conservative solutes that considers One Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) may be used in conjunction with tracer-dilution methods to quantify hydrologic transport processes (advection, dispersion, lateral inflow and transient storage). For nonconservative solutes, a model known as OTEQ may be used to quantify chemical processes within the context of hydrologic transport. OTEQ combines the transport mechanisms in OTIS with a chemical equilibrium sub-model that considers complexation, precipitation/dissolution and sorption. OTEQ has been used to quantify processes affecting trace metals in two streams in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., 1995, Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 153-159.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/OTIS/addl/misc/iahs_226_0153.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8febe4b08c986b31920b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018763,"text":"70018763 - 1995 - Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018763","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota","docAbstract":"The study of ground-water and surface-water interactions often employs streamflow-gaging records and hydrologic budgets to determine ground-water seepage. Because ground-water seepage usually is computed as a residual in the hydrologic budget approach, all uncertainty of measurement and estimation of budget components is associated with the ground-water seepage. This uncertainty can exceed the estimate, especially when streamflow and its associated error of measurement, is large relative to other budget components. In a study of Rapid Creek in western South Dakota, the hydrologic budget approach with hydrochemistry was combined to determine ground-water seepage. The City of Rapid City obtains most of its municipal water from three infiltration galleries (Jackson Springs, Meadowbrook, and Girl Scout) constructed in the near-stream alluvium along Rapid Creek. The reach of Rapid Creek between Pactola Reservoir and Rapid City and, in particular the two subreaches containing the galleries, were studied intensively to identify the sources of water to each gallery. Jackson Springs Gallery was found to pump predominantly ground water with a minor component of surface water. Meadowbrook and Girl Scout Galleries induce infiltration of surface water from Rapid Creek but also have a significant component of ground water.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M.T., 1995, Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota, <i>in</i> International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 145-150.","startPage":"145","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf27e4b08c986b3299b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Mark T. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":1764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018857,"text":"70018857 - 1995 - Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:41:59","indexId":"70018857","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments","docAbstract":"<p>The chemistry and bioavailability of Ag contribute to its high toxicity in marine and estuarine waters. Silver is unusual, in that both the dominant speciation reaction in seawater and the processes important in sorbing Ag in sediments favour enhanced bioavailability. Formation of a stable chloro complex favours dispersal of dissolved Ag, and the abundant chloro complex is available to biota. Sequestration by sediments also occurs, but with relatively slow kinetics. Amorphous aggregated coatings enhance Ag accumulation in sediments, as well as Ag uptake from sediments by deposit feeders. In estuaries, the bioaccumulation of Ag increases 56-fold with each unit of increased Ag concentration in sediments. Toxicity for sensitive marine species occurs at absolute concentrations as low as those observed for any nonalkylated metal, partly because bioaccumulation increases so steeply with contamination. The environmental window of tolerance to Ag in estuaries could be narrower than for many elements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Ho, Y., and Bryan, G., 1995, Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1-3, p. 44-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W"},{"id":226935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f15e4b0c8380cd5375a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, Y.B.","contributorId":27208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, G.W.","contributorId":84402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018787,"text":"70018787 - 1995 - Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:30:20.02735","indexId":"70018787","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The U.S. Department of the Interior has investigated 25 areas in the western USA to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused harmful effects on wildlife or has reduced subsequent beneficial uses of the water. A database of chemical analyses of water, sediment, and biota from the 25 areas was created and supplemented with geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data. The data were evaluated to identify common features among study areas and principal factors that result in Se contamination of water in lakes, ponds, and streams downgradient of irrigated areas. From the analysis of data, a decision tree that uses readily available geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data was derived for use by resource managers as a screening tool to predict the likelihood that irrigation drainage will result in Se contamination in areas of the western USA. Irrigation in areas that are not associated with marine sedimentary rocks of late Cretaceous age is unlikely to cause Se contamination. Irrigation in very arid areas that are associated with these Cretaceous sediments is almost certain to cause Se contamination if the irrigation water drains to terminal lakes and ponds. The likelihood that an area will be contaminated with Se because of irrigation drainage can change, particularly with changes in precipitation. During normal or wet periods, Se contamination may not occur in an area, even though it has seleniferous soils, but reduced water deliveries during a drought in such an area may result in Se contamination.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050028x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 1995, Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 24, no. 5, p. 973-979, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050028x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"979","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e9e4b0c8380cd7b7c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}