Rock outcrop ecosystems, such as limestone cedar glades (LCGs), are known for their rare and endemic plant species adapted to high levels of abiotic stress. Soils in LCGs are thin (< 25 cm), soil-moisture conditions fluctuate seasonally between xeric and saturated, and summer soil temperatures commonly exceed 48 °C. The effects of these stressors on soil microbial communities (SMC) remain largely unstudied, despite the importance of SMC-plant interactions in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. SMC profiles and functional diversity were characterized in LCGs using community level physiological profiling (CLPP) and plate-dilution frequency assays (PDFA). Most-probable number (MPN) estimates and microbial substrate-utilization diversity (H) were positively related to soil thickness, soil organic matter (OM), soil water content, and vegetation density, and were diminished in alkaline soil relative to circumneutral soil. Soil nitrate showed no relationship to SMCs, suggesting lack of N-limitation. Canonical correlation analysis indicated strong correlations between microbial CLPP patterns and several physical and chemical properties of soil, primarily temperature at the ground surface and at 4-cm depth, and secondarily soil-water content, enabling differentiation by season. Thus, it was demonstrated that several well-described abiotic determinants of plant community structure in this ecosystem are also reflected in SMC profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., Dzantor, E.K., and Momen, B., 2016, Soil microbial community profiles and functional diversity in limestone cedar glades: Catena, v. 147, p. 216-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070053","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Rutherford County+","otherGeospatial":"Stones River National Battlefield","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.5141,36.1006],[-86.477,36.0753],[-86.4764,36.0789],[-86.4684,36.0758],[-86.4695,36.0713],[-86.461,36.0672],[-86.4626,36.0622],[-86.4552,36.0618],[-86.4536,36.0632],[-86.4347,36.0528],[-86.4307,36.0505],[-86.4267,36.0483],[-86.4165,36.0429],[-86.3902,36.0316],[-86.3863,36.0362],[-86.3743,36.0335],[-86.3748,36.0262],[-86.38,36.0267],[-86.3765,36.0199],[-86.3708,36.019],[-86.3531,36.0077],[-86.324,35.9874],[-86.3104,35.9788],[-86.287,35.9752],[-86.2876,35.9684],[-86.2569,35.9676],[-86.2171,35.9649],[-86.2023,35.9636],[-86.1858,35.9623],[-86.1773,35.9614],[-86.1523,35.9564],[-86.1551,35.9328],[-86.1454,35.9088],[-86.1528,35.9092],[-86.1544,35.892],[-86.1573,35.8888],[-86.1584,35.8811],[-86.1697,35.8815],[-86.1692,35.8779],[-86.1731,35.8743],[-86.177,35.8248],[-86.1809,35.8076],[-86.1883,35.8008],[-86.1877,35.7899],[-86.1882,35.7876],[-86.1893,35.7781],[-86.1808,35.769],[-86.1825,35.759],[-86.1893,35.7472],[-86.2057,35.7309],[-86.2017,35.7272],[-86.2062,35.7172],[-86.209,35.7118],[-86.2186,35.7045],[-86.2254,35.6954],[-86.2361,35.6904],[-86.2441,35.689],[-86.2418,35.6754],[-86.24,35.6709],[-86.2474,35.6663],[-86.2428,35.6609],[-86.2406,35.6577],[-86.2445,35.65],[-86.2411,35.6364],[-86.2445,35.6346],[-86.2546,35.6309],[-86.2603,35.6382],[-86.2773,35.6445],[-86.2807,35.649],[-86.2841,35.649],[-86.2869,35.6436],[-86.2949,35.6476],[-86.3017,35.6462],[-86.3028,35.6517],[-86.3,35.6562],[-86.3045,35.6594],[-86.3096,35.6594],[-86.317,35.6612],[-86.3261,35.6616],[-86.334,35.6584],[-86.3362,35.6607],[-86.3397,35.6634],[-86.3425,35.6638],[-86.347,35.6588],[-86.351,35.6606],[-86.3532,35.6588],[-86.3532,35.6493],[-86.3594,35.6515],[-86.3634,35.6506],[-86.3679,35.6474],[-86.3752,35.6465],[-86.3758,35.6428],[-86.3741,35.6397],[-86.3729,35.6361],[-86.3735,35.6333],[-86.3735,35.6301],[-86.3797,35.6301],[-86.3859,35.626],[-86.3898,35.6274],[-86.3944,35.6274],[-86.4006,35.6201],[-86.4034,35.6214],[-86.4057,35.6232],[-86.4113,35.625],[-86.4142,35.6278],[-86.4142,35.6323],[-86.4131,35.6405],[-86.4165,35.6409],[-86.4154,35.6495],[-86.4273,35.6509],[-86.4358,35.6454],[-86.4437,35.6463],[-86.4437,35.6449],[-86.4709,35.647],[-86.4698,35.6561],[-86.4919,35.6579],[-86.4919,35.6642],[-86.4987,35.6646],[-86.4982,35.6724],[-86.5067,35.6728],[-86.5057,35.685],[-86.5204,35.6863],[-86.5278,35.6917],[-86.5357,35.6926],[-86.5431,35.6976],[-86.6174,35.7027],[-86.6219,35.7031],[-86.6236,35.7031],[-86.6366,35.7021],[-86.6393,35.6862],[-86.6438,35.6866],[-86.6535,35.6925],[-86.6615,35.6929],[-86.6609,35.6965],[-86.674,35.6978],[-86.6734,35.7046],[-86.682,35.7055],[-86.6803,35.71],[-86.686,35.7104],[-86.6849,35.7191],[-86.7002,35.7199],[-86.6966,35.7576],[-86.6835,35.7567],[-86.6825,35.7649],[-86.6632,35.7632],[-86.6595,35.7923],[-86.6152,35.7911],[-86.6142,35.8084],[-86.6233,35.8042],[-86.6173,35.8385],[-86.6023,35.8386],[-86.5995,35.8561],[-86.6136,35.8607],[-86.6182,35.8801],[-86.6132,35.8851],[-86.615,35.8987],[-86.6247,35.9045],[-86.6275,35.9077],[-86.6276,35.914],[-86.6159,35.9463],[-86.6233,35.9499],[-86.6262,35.9517],[-86.624,35.9644],[-86.6207,35.9699],[-86.6116,35.9726],[-86.61,35.9813],[-86.6054,35.9813],[-86.6033,35.9958],[-86.6112,35.9967],[-86.6096,36.0103],[-86.6034,36.0121],[-86.5915,36.0235],[-86.587,36.0258],[-86.5739,36.0291],[-86.5689,36.0341],[-86.5626,36.035],[-86.5603,36.0373],[-86.5615,36.0414],[-86.5621,36.0423],[-86.5661,36.0486],[-86.565,36.0518],[-86.5616,36.0541],[-86.5617,36.0645],[-86.5577,36.0668],[-86.5486,36.0659],[-86.5463,36.0669],[-86.5458,36.0737],[-86.5481,36.08],[-86.5476,36.0845],[-86.5436,36.0868],[-86.5373,36.0778],[-86.5293,36.0778],[-86.5276,36.0742],[-86.5304,36.0601],[-86.5286,36.057],[-86.5252,36.0574],[-86.5252,36.0597],[-86.5236,36.0674],[-86.5208,36.0724],[-86.5186,36.0824],[-86.5141,36.1006]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rutherford\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","volume":"147","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2ce4b0589fa1ca121f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Cartwright Jennifer, Dzantor E. Kudjo, Momen Bahram","journalName":"CATENA","publicationDate":"12/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/13/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzantor, E. Kudjo","contributorId":173265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dzantor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kudjo","affiliations":[{"id":13370,"text":"Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Momen, Bahram","contributorId":149419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Momen","given":"Bahram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17728,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176645,"text":"70176645 - 2016 - The effect of submerged aquatic vegetation expansion on a declining turbidity trend in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T12:28:07","indexId":"70176645","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of submerged aquatic vegetation expansion on a declining turbidity trend in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has well-documented effects on water clarity. SAV beds can slow water movement and reduce bed shear stress, promoting sedimentation and reducing suspension. However, estuaries have multiple controls on turbidity that make it difficult to determine the effect of SAV on water clarity. In this study, we investigated the effect of primarily invasive SAV expansion on a concomitant decline in turbidity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The objective of this study was to separate the effects of decreasing sediment supply from the watershed from increasing SAV cover to determine the effect of SAV on the declining turbidity trend. SAV cover was determined by airborne hyperspectral remote sensing and turbidity data from long-term monitoring records. The turbidity trends were corrected for the declining sediment supply using suspended-sediment concentration data from a station immediately upstream of the Delta. We found a significant negative trend in turbidity from 1975 to 2008, and when we removed the sediment supply signal from the trend it was still significant and negative, indicating that a factor other than sediment supply was responsible for part of the turbidity decline. Turbidity monitoring stations with high rates of SAV expansion had steeper and more significant turbidity trends than those with low SAV cover. Our findings suggest that SAV is an important (but not sole) factor in the turbidity decline, and we estimate that 21–70 % of the total declining turbidity trend is due to SAV expansion.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12237-015-0055-z","usgsCitation":"Hestir, E., Schoellhamer, D., Greenberg, J., Morgan-King, T.L., and Ustin, S., 2016, The effect of submerged aquatic vegetation expansion on a declining turbidity trend in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 39, no. 4, p. 1100-1112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-0055-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1100","endPage":"1112","ipdsId":"IP-006333","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-0055-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 38.494443887725055\n ],\n [\n -121.02264404296874,\n 38.494443887725055\n ],\n [\n -121.02264404296874,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 37.714244967649265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c695e4b0bc0bec09ca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestir, E.L.","contributorId":174859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hestir","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[{"id":27522,"text":"U.C. Davis, now CSIRO in Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenberg, Jonathan","contributorId":174861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27523,"text":"UCD, UI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan-King, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232 tamorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-King","given":"Tara","email":"tamorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ustin, S.L.","contributorId":174860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174818,"text":"fs20163047 - 2016 - Water resources of St. Helena Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-04T11:13:08","indexId":"fs20163047","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3047","title":"Water resources of St. Helena Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in St. Helena Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-resource management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L.B., 2016, Water resources of St. Helena Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3047, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163047. ","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065607","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3047/fs20163047.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"1.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"St. Helena Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.5669,31],[-90.5672,30.8864],[-90.5673,30.8795],[-90.5668,30.8763],[-90.5668,30.869],[-90.568,30.768],[-90.5668,30.7301],[-90.5664,30.7241],[-90.5676,30.6652],[-90.5704,30.6501],[-90.6033,30.6499],[-90.6156,30.65],[-90.9104,30.6506],[-90.9099,30.6525],[-90.9088,30.657],[-90.9024,30.6629],[-90.9013,30.6638],[-90.8932,30.6743],[-90.8863,30.6775],[-90.882,30.6779],[-90.8773,30.6788],[-90.8767,30.6797],[-90.8777,30.6834],[-90.8788,30.6866],[-90.875,30.6902],[-90.8697,30.6911],[-90.8676,30.6929],[-90.866,30.6952],[-90.8638,30.6961],[-90.8569,30.6979],[-90.8532,30.6983],[-90.8495,30.7001],[-90.851,30.7024],[-90.8521,30.7038],[-90.8515,30.7061],[-90.8489,30.7065],[-90.8457,30.7088],[-90.8451,30.7124],[-90.8462,30.7143],[-90.8477,30.7198],[-90.8461,30.7211],[-90.8434,30.7229],[-90.8413,30.7234],[-90.8407,30.7266],[-90.8418,30.7325],[-90.846,30.7362],[-90.8502,30.7417],[-90.8523,30.744],[-90.8512,30.75],[-90.8479,30.7563],[-90.8447,30.7623],[-90.8436,30.7641],[-90.8404,30.7732],[-90.8419,30.7782],[-90.8419,30.7869],[-90.8423,30.7906],[-90.8434,30.7933],[-90.8396,30.797],[-90.8385,30.8024],[-90.839,30.8066],[-90.8379,30.8102],[-90.8347,30.8166],[-90.8352,30.8193],[-90.8378,30.8207],[-90.8405,30.8248],[-90.8421,30.8271],[-90.8447,30.8308],[-90.8457,30.8335],[-90.8468,30.8372],[-90.8425,30.8427],[-90.8414,30.8449],[-90.8424,30.8486],[-90.8493,30.8505],[-90.853,30.8528],[-90.8551,30.856],[-90.8577,30.8629],[-90.8598,30.8679],[-90.8598,30.8743],[-90.856,30.8761],[-90.8528,30.8788],[-90.8491,30.8825],[-90.8484,30.8962],[-90.8505,30.8985],[-90.8532,30.9012],[-90.8553,30.9053],[-90.852,30.9108],[-90.8541,30.9186],[-90.8572,30.9309],[-90.8588,30.9355],[-90.8619,30.9451],[-90.8565,30.9515],[-90.8506,30.9565],[-90.8474,30.9597],[-90.8458,30.9619],[-90.843,30.9747],[-90.8435,30.9839],[-90.8386,30.9916],[-90.829,30.9947],[-90.8268,30.9992],[-90.8124,30.9992],[-90.5669,31]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Saint Helena\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Livingston Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-resource management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L.B., 2016, Water resources of Livingston Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3048, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163048. ","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065606","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3048/fs20163048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3048"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Livingston Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.5704,30.6501],[-90.5674,30.6313],[-90.567,30.5317],[-90.5671,30.5239],[-90.567,30.4869],[-90.559,30.4845],[-90.5554,30.4785],[-90.5549,30.4749],[-90.5528,30.4698],[-90.5502,30.4657],[-90.5503,30.4588],[-90.5499,30.4515],[-90.5478,30.4492],[-90.5457,30.4469],[-90.5468,30.4423],[-90.5468,30.4378],[-90.5459,30.4304],[-90.5427,30.4277],[-90.539,30.4244],[-90.5343,30.4212],[-90.5301,30.4179],[-90.5254,30.4174],[-90.5196,30.4124],[-90.5186,30.4105],[-90.5175,30.4069],[-90.5155,30.4041],[-90.5134,30.4018],[-90.5123,30.3986],[-90.5119,30.3954],[-90.5114,30.3913],[-90.5077,30.3885],[-90.504,30.3871],[-90.5019,30.3848],[-90.5009,30.3779],[-90.5026,30.3692],[-90.5043,30.3637],[-90.5027,30.3624],[-90.4921,30.3664],[-90.4884,30.3631],[-90.4896,30.3554],[-90.48,30.3585],[-90.4759,30.3507],[-90.4738,30.3438],[-90.476,30.3401],[-90.475,30.3365],[-90.4426,30.3046],[-90.4316,30.2958],[-90.42,30.2902],[-90.4016,30.2854],[-90.4143,30.2805],[-90.4376,30.2776],[-90.462,30.2719],[-90.4838,30.2647],[-90.4966,30.258],[-90.4998,30.2553],[-90.5165,30.2275],[-90.5299,30.2116],[-90.5395,30.203],[-90.5523,30.1963],[-90.5618,30.1931],[-90.5724,30.1941],[-90.5824,30.1979],[-90.5902,30.2071],[-90.5996,30.2168],[-90.6049,30.2173],[-90.6123,30.2141],[-90.6181,30.2192],[-90.6323,30.2212],[-90.6354,30.2271],[-90.6465,30.2327],[-90.6598,30.2264],[-90.664,30.2196],[-90.6615,30.2136],[-90.6636,30.2118],[-90.6694,30.2155],[-90.6779,30.2092],[-90.6785,30.2055],[-90.6733,30.1981],[-90.6781,30.1922],[-90.6818,30.19],[-90.6824,30.1845],[-90.6851,30.1804],[-90.6941,30.175],[-90.6988,30.1764],[-90.704,30.1869],[-90.7072,30.187],[-90.7093,30.1842],[-90.7162,30.1866],[-90.7198,30.1898],[-90.7192,30.198],[-90.7228,30.2072],[-90.7255,30.2095],[-90.7297,30.2123],[-90.7355,30.2114],[-90.7349,30.216],[-90.7312,30.2205],[-90.7327,30.2219],[-90.7348,30.2228],[-90.7369,30.2242],[-90.7422,30.2307],[-90.7416,30.2343],[-90.7479,30.238],[-90.7521,30.2394],[-90.7585,30.2404],[-90.7606,30.239],[-90.7696,30.2382],[-90.7717,30.2418],[-90.7742,30.2519],[-90.7821,30.2547],[-90.7874,30.257],[-90.791,30.2626],[-90.791,30.2667],[-90.7862,30.2731],[-90.782,30.2753],[-90.7851,30.2808],[-90.7925,30.2809],[-90.7978,30.2836],[-90.802,30.2782],[-90.8094,30.2769],[-90.8142,30.2819],[-90.8162,30.2906],[-90.8252,30.2953],[-90.8272,30.309],[-90.8318,30.3195],[-90.8345,30.3205],[-90.8376,30.3228],[-90.8392,30.3255],[-90.8434,30.3288],[-90.8497,30.3302],[-90.8524,30.3339],[-90.8539,30.3384],[-90.8565,30.3417],[-90.8687,30.3422],[-90.8893,30.3455],[-90.8951,30.3465],[-90.8957,30.3478],[-90.8988,30.3515],[-90.903,30.3538],[-90.9067,30.3552],[-90.9078,30.3557],[-90.9078,30.3584],[-90.9077,30.3602],[-90.9082,30.3621],[-90.913,30.363],[-90.9157,30.3621],[-90.922,30.3635],[-90.9257,30.3658],[-90.9305,30.3649],[-90.9352,30.3654],[-90.9363,30.3677],[-90.9347,30.37],[-90.942,30.3769],[-90.9457,30.3815],[-90.9446,30.3874],[-90.9446,30.3925],[-90.9488,30.3934],[-90.9636,30.3898],[-90.971,30.3935],[-90.9721,30.3976],[-90.9715,30.4036],[-90.9593,30.4026],[-90.9625,30.4095],[-90.9661,30.4154],[-90.9677,30.4177],[-90.9709,30.4186],[-90.9778,30.4201],[-90.982,30.4201],[-90.9836,30.4215],[-90.9825,30.4233],[-90.9804,30.4265],[-90.9777,30.4301],[-90.9766,30.4342],[-90.9776,30.4393],[-90.9824,30.4416],[-90.9829,30.4521],[-90.9892,30.4576],[-90.9902,30.4663],[-90.9801,30.4672],[-90.9759,30.4676],[-90.9748,30.4749],[-90.9758,30.4836],[-90.9715,30.4859],[-90.9699,30.4927],[-90.9752,30.4973],[-90.9762,30.4996],[-90.9714,30.5037],[-90.9687,30.5042],[-90.9713,30.5119],[-90.9809,30.5179],[-90.9824,30.523],[-90.9776,30.5261],[-90.9829,30.5298],[-90.9845,30.5308],[-90.9818,30.5367],[-90.9738,30.5398],[-90.9727,30.5417],[-90.9764,30.5472],[-90.9748,30.5504],[-90.9726,30.5568],[-90.9715,30.5632],[-90.9763,30.5691],[-90.9869,30.5724],[-90.9858,30.5806],[-90.982,30.5879],[-90.9735,30.5952],[-90.9681,30.5974],[-90.9655,30.5961],[-90.9612,30.5997],[-90.958,30.6052],[-90.9548,30.6061],[-90.949,30.6056],[-90.9447,30.6065],[-90.9394,30.6105],[-90.9351,30.616],[-90.9335,30.6206],[-90.934,30.6242],[-90.9334,30.6283],[-90.9323,30.6343],[-90.9296,30.6366],[-90.9259,30.6379],[-90.9222,30.6374],[-90.9195,30.6406],[-90.9174,30.6433],[-90.9104,30.6506],[-90.6156,30.65],[-90.6033,30.6499],[-90.5704,30.6501]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Livingston\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
Recent data are lacking to assess whether impairments still exist at four of Wisconsin’s largest Lake Michigan harbors that were designated as Areas of Concern (AOCs) in the late 1980s due to sediment contamination and multiple Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs), such as those affecting benthos (macroinvertebrates) and plankton (zooplankton and phytoplankton) communities. During three seasonal sampling events (“seasons”) in May through August 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey collected sediment benthos and water plankton at the four AOCs as well as six less-degraded non-AOCs along the western Lake Michigan shoreline to assess whether AOC communities were degraded in comparison to non-AOC communities. The four AOCs are the Lower Menominee River, the Lower Green Bay and Fox River, the Sheboygan River, and the Milwaukee Estuary. Due to their size and complexity, multiple locations or “subsites” were sampled within the Lower Green Bay and Fox River AOC (Lower Green Bay, the Fox River near Allouez, and the Fox River near De Pere) and within the Milwaukee Estuary AOC (the Milwaukee River, the Menomonee River, and the Milwaukee Harbor) and single locations were sampled at the other AOCs and non-AOCs. The six non-AOCs are the Escanaba River in Michigan, and the Oconto River, Ahnapee River, Kewaunee River, Manitowoc River, and Root River in Wisconsin. Benthos samples were collected by using Hester-Dendy artificial substrates deployed for 30 days and by using a dredge sampler; zooplankton were collected by net and phytoplankton by whole-water sampler. Except for the Lower Green Bay and Milwaukee Harbor locations, communities at each AOC were compared to all non-AOCs as a group and to paired non-AOCs using taxa relative abundances and metrics, including richness, diversity, and an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI, for Hester-Dendy samples only). Benthos samples collected during one or more seasons were rated as degraded for at least one metric at all AOCs. In the Milwaukee Estuary, benthos richness was lower in the Milwaukee River subsite spring and summer samples and in the Menomonee River subsite spring sample relative to the paired non-AOCs. Benthos diversity and IBIs at the Menomonee River subsite and IBIs at the Milwaukee River subsite and Sheboygan River were significantly lower than at all non-AOCs as a group across all seasons and therefore were rated as degraded. In addition, IBIs at the Lower Menominee River were significantly lower than those at the paired non-AOCs during all seasons and were therefore rated degraded. Benthos at both Fox River subsites and the Milwaukee River subsite were significantly different from their paired non-AOCs during all three seasons, based on a comparison of the relative abundances of taxa using multivariate testing. Metrics for plankton at AOCs were not significantly lower than those at the paired or group non-AOCs during all seasons; however, zooplankton richness in spring at the Sheboygan River and in fall at the Menomonee River subsite was rated as degraded in comparison to paired non-AOCs. Also, zooplankton richness in fall at the Fox River near Allouez subsite and in spring at the Milwaukee River subsite was rated degraded overall because values were lower than at all non-AOCs as a group and lower than at the paired non-AOCs. Zooplankton diversity in fall at the Fox River near Allouez subsite and the Lower Menominee River was rated degraded in comparison to paired non-AOC comparison sites. Zooplankton communities at the Fox River near Allouez subsite were significantly different from the paired non-AOCs when multivariate comparisons were made without rotifers other than A. priodonta. Overall, benthos and zooplankton BUIs remained at the AOCs in 2012 but no AOCs with a phytoplankton BUI were rated degraded in comparison to non-AOCs. The use of a multiple ecological measures, structural and functional, and multiple statistical analyses, biological metrics and multivariate statistics, provided assessments that defined 2012 status of communities relative to less-impaired non-AOCs in the Great Lakes area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Great Lakes National Program Office","usgsCitation":"Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Bell, A.H., Templar, H.A., and Burns, D.J., 2016, Comparison of benthos and plankton for selected Areas of Concern and non-Areas of Concern in Western Lake Michigan Rivers and Harbors in 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5090, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165090.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071418","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325585,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5090/sir20165090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5090"},{"id":325584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5090/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -87.747802734375,\n 42.80346172417078\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 43.82660134505384\n ],\n [\n -87.615966796875,\n 44.03232064275084\n ],\n [\n -87.440185546875,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -87.396240234375,\n 44.61393394730626\n ],\n [\n -87.29736328125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 44.879228141635274\n ],\n [\n -87.84530639648436,\n 44.621265367781014\n ],\n [\n -87.86453247070312,\n 44.621265367781014\n ],\n [\n -87.91706085205078,\n 44.57848569904532\n ],\n [\n -87.91053771972656,\n 44.56870306646167\n ],\n [\n -87.96066284179688,\n 44.535429806668404\n ],\n [\n -87.99671173095703,\n 44.54497334861026\n ],\n [\n -88.341064453125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -88.450927734375,\n 44.89479576469787\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -87.264404296875,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -87.066650390625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.263442671779885\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 46.430285240839964\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 46.64189395892874\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -88.604736328125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -89.154052734375,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -89.09912109375,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -89.02221679687499,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -89.176025390625,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 44.42593442145313\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 43.82660134505384\n ],\n [\n -89.527587890625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -88.846435546875,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -88.494873046875,\n 43.39706523932025\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.713930073371294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
http://wi.water.usgs.gov
Sagebrush steppe of North America is considered highly imperilled, in part owing to increased fire frequency. Sagebrush ecosystems support numerous species, and it is important to understand those factors that affect rates of post-fire sagebrush recovery. We explored recovery of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp.wyomingensis) and basin big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. tridentata) communities following fire in the northern Columbia Basin (Washington, USA). We sampled plots across 16 fires that burned in big sagebrush communities from 5 to 28 years ago, and also sampled nearby unburned locations. Mixed-effects models demonstrated that density of large–mature big sagebrush plants and percentage cover of big sagebrush were higher with time since fire and in plots with more precipitation during the winter immediately following fire, but were lower when precipitation the next winter was higher than average, especially on soils with higher available water supply, and with greater post-fire mortality of mature big sagebrush plants. Bunchgrass cover 5 to 28 years after fire was predicted to be lower with higher cover of both shrubs and non-native herbaceous species, and only slightly higher with time. Post-fire recovery of big sagebrush in the northern Columbia Basin is a slow process that may require several decades on average, but faster recovery rates may occur under specific site and climate conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF16013","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D.J., and McIlroy, S., 2016, Identifying key climate and environmental factors affecting rates of post-fire big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) recovery in the northern Columbia Basin, USA: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 25, no. 9, p. 933-945, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF16013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"945","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071151","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.99243164062501,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -120.99243164062501,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -117.103271484375,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -117.103271484375,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -120.99243164062501,\n 46.13417004624326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57972a21e4b021cadec86f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K. 0000-0001-5088-3700 smcilroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3700","contributorId":169446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlroy","given":"Susan","email":"smcilroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174960,"text":"70174960 - 2016 - Environmental toxicology without chemistry and publications without discourse: Linked impediments to better science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-25T13:09:37","indexId":"70174960","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-25T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental toxicology without chemistry and publications without discourse: Linked impediments to better science","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3418","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., and Meyer, J.S., 2016, Environmental toxicology without chemistry and publications without discourse: Linked impediments to better science: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1335-1336, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3418.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071559","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57972a21e4b021cadec86f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Joseph S.","contributorId":173130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27156,"text":"Colorado School of Mines/ARCADIS Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174823,"text":"fs20163049 - 2016 - Water resources of Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T09:31:30","indexId":"fs20163049","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3049","title":"Water resources of Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-resource management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L.B., 2016, Water resources of Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3049, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163049.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065604","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3049/fs20163049.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"2.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3049"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Tangipahoa Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.3482,31.0012],[-90.3477,30.9949],[-90.3468,30.9058],[-90.3346,30.9048],[-90.3347,30.9016],[-90.3298,30.902],[-90.33,30.891],[-90.3167,30.8913],[-90.3168,30.8813],[-90.3159,30.8748],[-90.3159,30.8703],[-90.3139,30.8643],[-90.3097,30.8574],[-90.3013,30.8509],[-90.2992,30.8472],[-90.2971,30.8445],[-90.2956,30.8385],[-90.2936,30.8316],[-90.2926,30.828],[-90.2917,30.8134],[-90.2939,30.8079],[-90.2913,30.8033],[-90.2861,30.7987],[-90.2809,30.7936],[-90.2794,30.7812],[-90.2768,30.7775],[-90.2731,30.7757],[-90.2716,30.7738],[-90.2663,30.7674],[-90.2648,30.7655],[-90.2637,30.7623],[-90.2651,30.7413],[-90.2636,30.7372],[-90.2615,30.7339],[-90.2578,30.7321],[-90.2552,30.7284],[-90.2553,30.7224],[-90.2554,30.7174],[-90.256,30.7124],[-90.2567,30.7024],[-90.2515,30.6936],[-90.2495,30.6863],[-90.2485,30.6799],[-90.2491,30.6758],[-90.2508,30.6698],[-90.2525,30.6657],[-90.2525,30.6612],[-90.2521,30.657],[-90.25,30.652],[-90.2458,30.6469],[-90.2448,30.6428],[-90.2444,30.6391],[-90.2461,30.6323],[-90.2467,30.5925],[-90.2458,30.577],[-90.2444,30.5299],[-90.2442,30.5093],[-90.2443,30.5061],[-90.2443,30.5038],[-90.2433,30.2247],[-90.2776,30.2306],[-90.2972,30.294],[-90.312,30.2955],[-90.3199,30.2988],[-90.3337,30.2953],[-90.349,30.2973],[-90.3629,30.2905],[-90.373,30.2833],[-90.3841,30.2871],[-90.3915,30.2849],[-90.4016,30.2854],[-90.42,30.2902],[-90.4316,30.2958],[-90.4426,30.3046],[-90.475,30.3365],[-90.476,30.3401],[-90.4738,30.3438],[-90.4759,30.3507],[-90.48,30.3585],[-90.4896,30.3554],[-90.4884,30.3631],[-90.4921,30.3664],[-90.5027,30.3624],[-90.5043,30.3637],[-90.5026,30.3692],[-90.5009,30.3779],[-90.5019,30.3848],[-90.504,30.3871],[-90.5077,30.3885],[-90.5114,30.3913],[-90.5119,30.3954],[-90.5123,30.3986],[-90.5134,30.4018],[-90.5155,30.4041],[-90.5175,30.4069],[-90.5186,30.4105],[-90.5196,30.4124],[-90.5254,30.4174],[-90.5301,30.4179],[-90.5343,30.4212],[-90.539,30.4244],[-90.5427,30.4277],[-90.5459,30.4304],[-90.5468,30.4378],[-90.5468,30.4423],[-90.5457,30.4469],[-90.5478,30.4492],[-90.5499,30.4515],[-90.5503,30.4588],[-90.5502,30.4657],[-90.5528,30.4698],[-90.5549,30.4749],[-90.5554,30.4785],[-90.559,30.4845],[-90.567,30.4869],[-90.5671,30.5239],[-90.567,30.5317],[-90.5674,30.6313],[-90.5704,30.6501],[-90.5676,30.6652],[-90.5664,30.7241],[-90.5668,30.7301],[-90.568,30.768],[-90.5668,30.869],[-90.5668,30.8763],[-90.5673,30.8795],[-90.5672,30.8864],[-90.5669,31],[-90.5502,31],[-90.5048,31.0003],[-90.3482,31.0012]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tangipahoa\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-07-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57972a21e4b021cadec86f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B. lprakken@usgs.gov","contributorId":139067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","email":"lprakken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170934,"text":"sir20165051 - 2016 - Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements for colocated sites CO89 and CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-25T09:15:52","indexId":"sir20165051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-22T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5051","title":"Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements for colocated sites CO89 and CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14","docAbstract":"
Atmospheric wet-deposition monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park included precipitation depth and aqueous chemical measurements at colocated National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) sites CO89 and CO98 (Loch Vale) during water years 2010–14 (study period). The colocated sites were separated by approximately 6.5 meters horizontally and 0.5 meter in elevation, in accordance with NADP siting criteria. Assessment of the 5-year record of colocated data is intended to inform man-agement decisions pertaining to the achievement of nitrogen deposition reduction goals of the Rocky Mountain National Park Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan.
The data at site CO98 met NADP completeness criteria for the first time in 29 years of operation in 2011 and then again in 2012. During the study period, data at site CO89 met completeness criteria in 2012. Median weekly relative precipitation-depth differences between sites CO89 and CO98 ranged from 0 to 0.25 millimeter during the study period. Median weekly absolute percent differences in sample volume ranged from 5 to 10 percent. Median relative concentration differences for weekly ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations were near the NADP Central Analytical Laboratory’s method detection limits and thus were considered small. Absolute percent differences for water-year 2010–14 precipitation-weighted mean concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, and inorganic nitrogen (Ninorg) ranged from 0.0 to 25.7 percent. Absolute percent differences for water-year 2010–14 NH4+, NO3-, and Ninorg deposition ranged from 2.1 to 18.9 percent, 3.3 to 24.5 percent, and 0.3 to 17.4 percent, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165051","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., 2016, Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements for colocated sites CO89 and CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, water years 2010–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5051, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165051.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073496","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5051/sir20165051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5051"},{"id":325481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5051/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Chief, USGS Branch of Quality Systems
Box 25046, Mail Stop 401
Denver, CO 80225
Drag force at the bed acting on water flow is a major control on water circulation and sediment transport. Bed drag has been thoroughly studied in sandy waters, but less so in muddy coastal waters. The variation of bed drag on a muddy shelf is investigated here using field observations of currents, waves, and sediment concentration collected during moderate wind and wave events. To estimate bottom shear stress and the bed drag coefficient, an indirect empirical method of logarithmic fitting to current velocity profiles (log-law), a bottom boundary layer model for combined wave-current flow, and a direct method that uses turbulent fluctuations of velocity are used. The overestimation by the log-law is significantly reduced by taking turbulence suppression due to sediment-induced stratification into account. The best agreement between the model and the direct estimates is obtained by using a hydraulic roughness of 10
Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period from January 2015 to December 2015. These data are appended to long-term datasets extending back to 1974, and serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2015, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2015, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure at the same mudflat over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2015), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2015. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed an increase in dominance, concurrent with the decrease in Ag and Cu concentrations, and in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 abundance in 2015. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like M. petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2015 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous (live-birth) species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2015 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Crauder, Jeff, Parchaso, Francis, Stewart, Robin, Turner, Mathew, Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2016, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1118, 78 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076608","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416191,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1017","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020"},{"id":416190,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416189,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416188,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":325514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1118/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1118/ofr20161118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1118"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.40452830389465\n ],\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.52443079581378\n ],\n [\n -121.91871643066406,\n 37.52443079581378\n ],\n [\n -121.91871643066406,\n 37.40452830389465\n ],\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.40452830389465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
National Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS-435
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/
A forty year time series of Secchi depth observations from approximately 25 lakes in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, evidences large variations in transparency between lakes but relatively little seasonal cycle within lakes. However, there are coherent patterns over the time series, suggesting large scale processes are responsible. It has been suggested that variations in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are primarily responsible for the variations in transparency, both between lakes and over time and further that CDOM is a robust optical proxy for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we present a forward model of Secchi depth as a function of DOC based upon first principles and bio-optical relationships. Inverting the model to estimate DOC concentration from Secchi depth observations compared well with the measured DOC concentrations collected since 1995 (RMS error < 1.3 mg C l-1). This inverse model allows the time series of DOC to be extended back to the mid 1970s when only Secchi depth observations were collected, and thus provides a means for investigating lake response to climate forcing, changing atmospheric chemistry and watershed characteristics, including land cover and land use.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic nutrient biogeochemistry and microbial ecology: A dual perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30259-1_18","usgsCitation":"Roesler, C.S., and Culbertson, C.W., 2016, Lake transparency: a window into decadal variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations in Lakes of Acadia National Park, Maine, chap. of Aquatic nutrient biogeochemistry and microbial ecology: A dual perspective, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30259-1_18.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070183","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb7e4b0f2f0cebfc2a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roesler, Collin S.","contributorId":152025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roesler","given":"Collin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18855,"text":"Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170955,"text":"ofr20161074 - 2016 - The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T12:39:12.399765","indexId":"ofr20161074","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-21T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1074","title":"The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys","docAbstract":"The Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) is the largest coral-reef ecosystem in the continental United States. The modern FKRT extends for 362 kilometers along the coast of South Florida from Dry Tortugas National Park in the southwest, through the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), to Fowey Rocks reef in Biscayne National Park in the northeast. Most reefs along the FKRT are sheltered by the exposed islands of the Florida Keys; however, large channels are located between the islands of the Middle Keys. These openings allow for tidal transport of water from Florida Bay onto reefs in the area. The characteristics of the water masses coming from Florida Bay, which can experience broad swings in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and turbidity over short periods of time, are generally unfavorable or “inimical” to coral growth and reef development.
Although reef habitats are ubiquitous throughout most of the Upper and Lower Keys, relatively few modern reefs exist in the Middle Keys most likely because of the impacts of inimical waters from Florida Bay. The reefs that are present in the Middle Keys generally are poorly developed compared with reefs elsewhere in the region. For example, Acropora palmata has been the dominant coral on shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean over the last 1.5 million years until populations of the coral declined throughout the region in recent decades. Although A. palmata was historically abundant in the Florida Keys, it was conspicuously absent from reefs in the Middle Keys. Instead, contemporary reefs in the Middle Keys have been dominated by occasional massive (that is, boulder or head) corals and, more often, small, non-reef-building corals.
Holocene reef cores have been collected from many locations along the FKRT; however, despite the potential importance of the history of reefs in the Middle Florida Keys to our understanding of the environmental controls on reef development throughout the FKRT, there are currently no published records of the Holocene history of reefs in the region. The objectives of the present study were to (1) provide general descriptions of unpublished core records from Alligator Reef and (2) collect and describe new Holocene reef cores from two additional locations in the Middle Keys: Sombrero and Tennessee Reefs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161074","usgsCitation":"Toth, L.T., Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, and Kuffner, I.B., 2016, The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1074, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161074.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074381","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/ofr20161074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1074"},{"id":325512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8068
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Survival of out-migrating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta, California, USA, varies by migration route. Survival of salmonids that enter the interior and southern Delta can be as low as half that of salmonids that remain in the main-stem Sacramento River. Reducing entrainment into the higher-mortality routes, such as Georgiana Slough, should increase overall survival. In spring 2014, a floating fish-guidance structure (FFGS) designed to reduce entrainment into Georgiana Slough was deployed just upstream of the Georgiana Slough divergence. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate the effect of the FFGS on Chinook entrainment to Georgiana Slough. At intermediate discharge (200–400 m3 s–1), entrainment into Georgiana Slough was five percentage points lower when the FFGS was in the on state (19.1% on; 23.9% off). At higher discharge (>400 m3 s–1), entrainment was higher when the FFGS was in the on state (19.3% on; 9.7% off), and at lower discharge (0–200 m3 s–1) entrainment was lower when the FFGS was in the on state (43.7% on; 47.3% off). We found that discharge, cross-stream fish position, time of day, and proportion of flow remaining in the Sacramento River contributed to the probability of being entrained to Georgiana Slough.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF15285","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Perry, R.W., Pope, A.C., Stumpner, P., Liedtke, T.L., Kumagai, K.K., and Reeves, R., 2016, Evaluation of a floating fish guidance structure at a hydrodynamically complex river junction in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 5, p. 878-888, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15285.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"888","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069658","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","volume":"68","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db4de4b0589fa1c7e87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247 apope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":5664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","email":"apope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumagai, Kevin K.","contributorId":173161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27168,"text":"Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc., Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan L.","contributorId":173162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan L.","affiliations":[{"id":27169,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Bay-Delta Office, Sacramento, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173914,"text":"70173914 - 2016 - Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T16:26:20","indexId":"70173914","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability","docAbstract":"Environmental tracers (noble gases, tritium, industrial gases, stable isotopes, and radio-carbon) and hydrogeology were interpreted to determine groundwater transit-time distribution and calculate mean transit time (MTT) with lumped parameter modeling at 19 large springs distributed throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), USA. The predictive value of the MTT to evaluate the pattern and timing of groundwater response to hydraulic stress (i.e., vulnerability) is examined by a statistical analysis of MTT, historical spring discharge records, and the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index. MTTs of the springs range from 10 to 15,000 years and 90 % of the cumulative discharge-weighted travel-time distribution falls within the range of 2−10,000 years. Historical variability in discharge was assessed as the ratio of 10–90 % flow-exceedance (R 10/90%) and ranged from 2.8 to 1.1 for select springs with available discharge data. The lag-time (i.e., delay in discharge response to drought conditions) was determined by cross-correlation analysis and ranged from 0.5 to 6 years for the same select springs. Springs with shorter MTTs (<80 years) statistically correlate with larger discharge variations and faster responses to drought, indicating MTT can be used for estimating the relative magnitude and timing of groundwater response. Results indicate that groundwater discharge to streams in the UCRB will likely respond on the order of years to climate variation and increasing groundwater withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9","usgsCitation":"Solder, J.E., Stolp, B.J., Heilweil, V.M., and Susong, D.D., 2016, Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 8, p. 2017-2033, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075897","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"24","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42de4b006cb45552bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solder, John E. 0000-0002-0660-3326 jsolder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-3326","contributorId":171916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solder","given":"John","email":"jsolder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171549,"text":"sir20165078 - 2016 - An international borderland of concern: Conservation of biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T08:57:49","indexId":"sir20165078","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5078","title":"An international borderland of concern: Conservation of biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley","docAbstract":"The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of southern Texas is located on the United States-Mexico borderland and represents a 240-kilometer (150-mile) linear stretch that ends at the Gulf of Mexico. The LRGV represents a unique transition between temperate and tropical conditions and, as such, sustains an exceptionally high diversity of plants and animals—some of them found in few, or no other, places in the United States. Examples include Leopardus pardalis albescens (northern ocelot) and Falco femoralis septentrionalis (northern aplomado falcon)—both endangered in the United States and emblematic of the LRGV. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) manages three national wildlife refuges (Santa Ana, Lower Rio Grande Valley, and Laguna Atascosa) that together make up the South Texas Refuge Complex, which actively conserves biodiversity in about 76,006 hectares (187,815.5 acres) of native riparian and upland habitats in the LRGV. These diminished habitats harbor many rare, threatened, and endangered species. This report updates the widely used 1988 USFWS biological report titled “Tamaulipan Brushland of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas: Description, Human Impacts, and Management Options” by synthesizing nearly 400 peer-reviewed scientific publications that have resulted from biological and sociological research conducted specifically in the four Texas counties of the LRGV in the past nearly 30 years. This report has three goals: (1) synthesize scientific insights gained since 1988 related to the biology and management of the LRGV and its unique biota, focusing on flora and fauna of greatest conservation concern; (2) update ongoing challenges facing Federal and State agencies and organizations that focus on conservation or key natural resources in the LRGV; and (3) redefine conservation opportunities and land-acquisition strategies that are feasible and appropriate today, given the many new and expanding constraints that challenge conservation activities in the LRGV. The LRGV faces every contemporary conservation challenge of the 21st century, but ongoing human population growth and its associated demands, international border issues, and oil, gas, and alternative energy development dominate impacts that affect conservation in the LRGV. Continued careful syntheses of existing and future information collected in the LRGV are needed on many biological and sociological topics to guide conservation activities. Quick response will no doubt be necessary to face contemporary and difficult-to-predict challenges such as climate change, diminished water availability and quality, spread of invasive species, and habitat loss and fragmentation. Complexities of a guarded international borderland add pressure to small patches of native habitat that remain in many places of the LRGV, particularly along the Rio Grande. Large connected corridors of restored native habitat could be the best option to maintain, and even enhance, the exceptional biodiversity of the LRGV in the face of exceptional human demand.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Oklahoma State University","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D.M., Jr., 2016, An international borderland of concern—Conservation of biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5078, 120 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165078.","productDescription":"xii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071193","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5078/sir20165078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5078"},{"id":325376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5078/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Cameron County, Hidalgo County, Starr County, Willacy County","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 26.635183800721723\n ],\n [\n -99.19281005859375,\n 26.63763888664592\n ],\n [\n -99.17633056640625,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -99.17289733886717,\n 26.53570851865494\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 26.527107834031526\n ],\n [\n -99.09393310546875,\n 26.477948705162902\n ],\n [\n -99.11727905273438,\n 26.42815367369253\n ],\n [\n -99.08294677734375,\n 26.396790205102665\n ],\n [\n -99.05067443847656,\n 26.396175149904938\n ],\n [\n -98.8824462890625,\n 26.352497858154\n ],\n [\n -98.76434326171875,\n 26.301417571540153\n ],\n [\n -98.65997314453125,\n 26.2318383390133\n ],\n [\n -98.57002258300781,\n 26.220751072791945\n ],\n [\n -98.48419189453125,\n 26.199805575765804\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 26.199805575765804\n ],\n [\n -98.23699951171874,\n 26.069119321860896\n ],\n [\n -98.16352844238281,\n 26.040743577081134\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.82501220703125,\n 26.04197744797015\n ],\n [\n -97.6629638671875,\n 26.022233955989027\n ],\n [\n -97.56683349609374,\n 25.933347157371625\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.874051998991952\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 25.834505347339903\n ],\n [\n -97.37045288085938,\n 25.8382134077492\n ],\n [\n -97.35809326171875,\n 25.87158072084242\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 25.90617390922084\n ],\n [\n -97.31346130371094,\n 25.92037888840585\n ],\n [\n -97.26333618164061,\n 25.941991877144947\n ],\n [\n -97.13836669921874,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -97.23175048828124,\n 26.473031635843395\n ],\n [\n -97.29766845703125,\n 26.642548900196076\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 26.635183800721723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"During the extended history of mining in the upper Clark Fork Basin in Montana, large amounts of waste materials enriched with metallic contaminants (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and the metalloid trace element arsenic were generated from mining operations near Butte and milling and smelting operations near Anaconda. Extensive deposition of mining wastes in the Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork channels and flood plains had substantial effects on water quality. Federal Superfund remediation activities in the upper Clark Fork Basin began in 1983 and have included substantial remediation near Butte and removal of the former Milltown Dam near Missoula. To aid in evaluating the effects of remediation activities on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting streamflow and water-quality data in the upper Clark Fork Basin in the 1980s.
Trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, copper, and zinc), and suspended sediment for seven sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site for water years 1996–2015. The most upstream site included in trend analysis is Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs, Montana (sampling site 8), and the most downstream site is Clark Fork above Missoula, Montana (sampling site 22), which is just downstream from the former Milltown Dam. Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends. Trend analysis was done by using a joint time-series model for concentration and streamflow. To provide temporal resolution of changes in water quality, trend analysis was conducted for four sequential 5-year periods: period 1 (water years 1996–2000), period 2 (water years 2001–5), period 3 (water years 2006–10), and period 4 (water years 2011–15). Because of the substantial effect of the intentional breach of Milltown Dam on March 28, 2008, period 3 was subdivided into period 3A (October 1, 2005–March 27, 2008) and period 3B (March 28, 2008–September 30, 2010) for the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22). Trend results were considered statistically significant when the statistical probability level was less than 0.01.
In conjunction with the trend analysis, estimated normalized constituent loads (hereinafter referred to as “loads”) were calculated and presented within the framework of a constituent-transport analysis to assess the temporal trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) in the context of sources and transport. The transport analysis allows assessment of temporal changes in relative contributions from upstream source areas to loads transported past each reach outflow.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper decreased at the sampling sites from the start of period 1 through the end of period 4; the decreases ranged from large for one sampling site (Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs [sampling site 8]) to moderate for two sampling sites (Clark Fork near Galen, Montana [sampling site 11] and Clark Fork above Missoula [sampling site 22]) to small for four sampling sites (Clark Fork at Deer Lodge, Montana [sampling site 14], Clark Fork at Goldcreek, Montana [sampling site 16], Clark Fork near Drummond, Montana [sampling site 18], and Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner, Montana [sampling site 20]). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling sites 8 and 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from minor (sampling sites 8–20) to small (sampling site 22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for sampling site 8 and near statistically significant decreases for sampling site 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of suspended sediment decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from moderate (sampling site 8) to small (sampling sites 11–22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the changes in FACs of suspended sediment were not statistically significant for any sampling sites.
The reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic contaminants and suspended sediment, which strongly affects downstream transport of those constituents. Mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from flood-plain tailings and the streambed of the Clark Fork and its tributaries within the reach results in a contribution of those constituents that is proportionally much larger than the contribution of streamflow from within the reach. Within the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge, unfiltered-recoverable copper loads increased by a factor of about 4 and suspended-sediment loads increased by a factor of about 5, whereas streamflow increased by a factor of slightly less than 2. For period 4 (water years 2011–15), unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended-sediment loads sourced from within the reach accounted for about 41 and 14 percent, respectively, of the loads at Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22), whereas streamflow sourced from within the reach accounted for about 4 percent of the streamflow at sampling site 22. During water years 1996–2015, decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment for the reach generally were proportionally smaller than for most other reaches.
Unfiltered-recoverable copper loads sourced within the reaches of the Clark Fork between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner (just upstream from the former Milltown Dam) were proportionally smaller than contributions of streamflow sourced from within the reaches; these reaches contributed proportionally much less to copper loading in the Clark Fork than the reach between Galen and Deer Lodge. Although substantial decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment were indicated for Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs (sampling site 8), those substantial decreases were not translated to downstream reaches between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner. The effect of the reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge as a large source of copper and suspended sediment, in combination with little temporal change in those constituents for the reach, contributes to this pattern.
With the removal of the former Milltown Dam in 2008, substantial amounts of contaminated sediments that remained in the Clark Fork channel and flood plain in reach 9 (downstream from Turah Bridge near Bonner) became more available for mobilization and transport than before the dam removal. After the removal of the former Milltown Dam, the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22) had statistically significant decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper in period 3B (March 28, 2008, through water year 2010) that continued in period 4 (water years 2011–15). Also, decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic and suspended sediment were indicated for period 4 at this site. The decrease in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling site 22 during period 4 was proportionally much larger than the decrease for the Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner (sampling site 20). Net mobilization of unfiltered-recoverable copper and arsenic from sources within reach 9 are smaller for period 4 than for period 1 when the former Milltown Dam was in place, providing evidence that contaminant source materials have been substantially reduced in reach 9.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2016, Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5100, 82 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165100.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-074218","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/sir20165100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Ave
Helena, MT 59601
This study applied eight techniques to obtain estimates of the diffusive flux of phosphorus (P) from bottom sediments throughout the western basin of Lake Erie. The flux was quantified from both aerobic and anaerobic incubations of whole cores; by monitoring the water encapsulated in bottom chambers; from pore water concentration profiles measured with a phosphate microelectrode, a diffusive equilibrium in thin films (DET) hydrogel, and expressed pore waters; and from mass balance and biogeochemical diagenetic models. Fluxes under aerobic conditions at summertime temperatures averaged 1.35 mg P/m2/day and displayed spatial variability on scales as small as a centimeter. Using two different temperature correction factors, the flux was adjusted to mean annual temperature yielding average annual fluxes of 0.43–0.91 mg P/m2/day and a western basin-wide total of 378–808 Mg P/year as the diffusive flux from sediments. This is 3–7% of the 11,000 Mg P/year International Joint Commission (IJC) target load for phosphorus delivery to Lake Erie from external sources. Using these average aerobic fluxes, the sediment contributes 3.0–6.3 μg P/L as a background internal contribution that represents 20–42% of the IJC Target Concentration of 15 μg P/L for the western basin. The implication is that this internal diffusive recycling of P is unlikely to trigger cyanobacterial blooms by itself but is sufficiently large to cause blooms when combined with external loads. This background flux may be also responsible for delayed response of the lake to any decrease in the external loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004","usgsCitation":"Matisoff, G., Kaltenberg, E.M., Steely, R.L., Hummel, S.K., Seo, J., Gibbons, K.J., Bridgeman, T., Seo, Y., Behbahani, M., James, W., Johnson, L., Doan, P., Dittrich, M., Evans, M.A., and Chaffin, J.D., 2016, Internal loading of phosphorus in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 4, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.66638183593749,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -83.66638183593749,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -82.144775390625,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -82.144775390625,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -83.66638183593749,\n 41.29431726315258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a183e4b030378fb47437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matisoff, Gerald","contributorId":15046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matisoff","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaltenberg, Eliza M.","contributorId":173027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaltenberg","given":"Eliza","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steely, Rebecca L.","contributorId":173028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steely","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hummel, Stephanie K.","contributorId":173029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummel","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seo, Jinyu","contributorId":173030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seo","given":"Jinyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibbons, Kenneth J.","contributorId":173031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bridgeman, Thomas B.","contributorId":27394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridgeman","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seo, Youngwoo","contributorId":173032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seo","given":"Youngwoo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Behbahani, Mohsen","contributorId":173034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behbahani","given":"Mohsen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"James, William F.","contributorId":75472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Johnson, Laura","contributorId":46017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Doan, Phuong","contributorId":173035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doan","given":"Phuong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dittrich, Maria","contributorId":173036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dittrich","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Evans, Mary Anne 0000-0002-1627-7210 maevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7210","contributorId":4883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Mary","email":"maevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chaffin, Justin D.","contributorId":173037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaffin","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70176135,"text":"70176135 - 2016 - Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:44:20","indexId":"70176135","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","docAbstract":"Coastal waterbird populations are threatened by habitat loss and degradation from urban and agricultural development and forecasted sea level rise associated with climate change. Remaining wetlands often must be managed to ensure that waterbird habitat needs, and other ecosystem functions, are met. For many waterbirds, the availability of island nesting habitat is important for conserving breeding populations. We used linear mixed models to investigate the influence of pond and island landscape characteristics on nest abundance and nest success of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, based on a 9-year dataset that included >9,000 nests. Nest abundance and nest success were greatest within ponds and on individual islands located either <1 km or >4 km from San Francisco Bay. Further, nest abundance was greater within ponds with relatively few islands, and on linear-shaped, highly elongated islands compared to more rounded islands. Nest success was greater on islands located away from the nearest surrounding pond levee. Compared to more rounded islands, linear islands contained more near-water habitat preferred by many nesting waterbirds. Islands located away from pond levees may provide greater protection from terrestrial egg and chick predators. Our results indicate that creating and maintaining a few, relatively small, highly elongated and narrow islands away from mainland levees, in as many wetland ponds as possible would be effective at providing waterbirds with preferred nesting habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21120","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J., and Herzog, M.P., 2016, Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1177-1188, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075274","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -122.53051757812499,\n 38.10646650598286\n ],\n [\n -122.57171630859375,\n 38.01131226070673\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 37.78156937014928\n ],\n [\n -122.58270263671876,\n 37.65773212628274\n ],\n [\n -122.53601074218751,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.43343148473673\n ],\n [\n -122.44262695312501,\n 37.34832607355296\n ],\n [\n -122.08282470703124,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 37.39416407012379\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 37.446516047833484\n ],\n [\n -121.77520751953125,\n 37.62075814551956\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 37.75551557687061\n ],\n [\n -121.7120361328125,\n 37.85316995894978\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 38.02862223458794\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b091e4b0f2f0cebe5e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174826,"text":"70174826 - 2016 - Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:39:55","indexId":"70174826","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation","docAbstract":"Historical mining activity (1850–1970) in the now inactive Tri-State Mining District provided an ongoing source of lead and zinc to the environment including the US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site located in Cherokee County, southeast Kansas, USA. The resultant contamination adversely affected biota and caused human health problems and risks. Remediation in the Superfund site requires an understanding of the magnitude and extent of contamination. To provide some of the required information, a series of sediment and soil investigations were conducted in and near the Superfund site to characterize lead and zinc contamination in the aquatic and floodplain environments along the main-stem Spring River and its major tributaries. In the Superfund site, the most pronounced lead and zinc contamination, with concentrations that far exceed sediment quality guidelines associated with potential adverse biological effects, was measured for streambed sediments and floodplain soils located within or downstream from the most intensive mining-affected areas. Tributary streambeds and floodplains in affected areas are heavily contaminated with some sites having lead and zinc concentrations that are an order of magnitude (or more) greater than the sediment quality guidelines. For the main-stem Spring River, the streambed is contaminated but the floodplain is mostly uncontaminated. Measured lead and zinc concentrations in streambed sediments, lakebed sediments, and floodplain soils documented a persistence of the post-mining contamination on a decadal timescale. These results provide a basis for the prioritization, development, and implementation of plans to remediate contamination in the affected aquatic and floodplain environments within the Superfund site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-016-0729-8","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Drake, K.D., 2016, Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation: Environmental Management, v. 58, no. 4, p. 721-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0729-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"740","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071176","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Cherokee County","otherGeospatial":"Spring River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.323212446730174\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.323212446730174\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.00035919622158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa4e4b0f1bea0e03bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, K. D.","contributorId":172945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174830,"text":"70174830 - 2016 - Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T09:33:20","indexId":"70174830","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China","docAbstract":"Contemporary applications of radar altimetry include sea-level rise, ocean circulation, marine gravity, and ice sheet elevation change. Unlike InSAR and GNSS, which are widely used to map surface deformation, altimetry is neither reliant on highly temporally-correlated ground features nor as limited by the available spatial coverage, and can provide long-term temporal subsidence monitoring capability. Here we use multi-mission radar altimetry with an approximately 23 year data-span to quantify land subsidence in cropland areas. Subsidence rates from TOPEX/POSEIDON, JASON-1, ENVISAT, and JASON-2 during 1992–2015 show time-varying trends with respect to displacement over time in California’s San Joaquin Valley and central Taiwan, possibly related to changes in land use, climatic conditions (drought) and regulatory measures affecting groundwater use. Near Hanford, California, subsidence rates reach 18 cm/yr with a cumulative subsidence of 206 cm, which potentially could adversely affect operations of the planned California High-Speed Rail. The maximum subsidence rate in central Taiwan is 8 cm/yr. Radar altimetry also reveals time-varying subsidence in the North China Plain consistent with the declines of groundwater storage and existing water infrastructure detected by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, with rates reaching 20 cm/yr and cumulative subsidence as much as 155 cm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep28160","usgsCitation":"Hwang, C., Yang, Y., Kao, R., Han, J., Shum, C., Galloway, D.L., Sneed, M., Hung, W., Cheng, Y., and Li, F., 2016, Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28160.","productDescription":"Article 28160; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066742","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Taiwan, United States","state":"California","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa4e4b0f1bea0e03bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hwang, Cheinway 0000-0002-3322-353X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-353X","contributorId":172932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Cheinway","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Yuande","contributorId":172933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yuande","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27121,"text":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, Ricky","contributorId":172934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kao","given":"Ricky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, Jiancheng","contributorId":172935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Jiancheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C.K.","contributorId":172936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shum","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27122,"text":"Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Science, the Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hung, Wei-Chia","contributorId":172937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Wei-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27123,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cheng, Yung-Sheng","contributorId":172938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Yung-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Li, Fei","contributorId":172939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Fei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27121,"text":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174021,"text":"ofr20161108 - 2016 - Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:47:52","indexId":"ofr20161108","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1108","title":"Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report","docAbstract":"Walruses are large benthic predators that rest out of water between foraging bouts. Coastal “haulouts” (places where walruses rest) are formed by adult males in summer and sometimes by females and young when sea ice is absent, and are often used repeatedly across seasons and years. Understanding the geography and historical use of haulouts provides a context for conservation efforts. We summarize information on Pacific walrus haulouts from available reports (n =151), interviews with coastal residents and aviators, and personal observations of the authors. We provide this in the form of a georeferenced database that can be queried and displayed with standard geographic information system and database management software. The database contains 150 records of Pacific walrus haulouts, with a summary of basic characteristics on maximum haulout aggregation size, age-sex composition, season of use, and decade of most recent use. Citations to reports are provided in the appendix and as a bibliographic database. Haulouts were distributed across the coasts of the Pacific walrus range; however, the largest (maximum >10,000 walruses) of the haulouts reported in the recent 4 decades (n=19) were concentrated on the Russian shores in regions near the Bering Strait and northward into the western Chukchi Sea (n=17). Haulouts of adult female and young walruses primarily occurred in the Bering Strait region and areas northward, with others occurring in the central Bering Sea, Gulf of Anadyr, and Saint Lawrence Island regions. The Gulf of Anadyr was the only region to contain female and young walrus haulouts, which formed after the northward spring migration and prior to autumn ice formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Chukot-TINRO and Institute of Biological Problems of the North Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Fischbach, A.S., Kochnev, A.A., Garlich-Miller, J.L., and Jay, C.V., 2016, Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1108, Report: iv, 27 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161108.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076335","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7RX994P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database, 1852-2016"},{"id":438584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VD6WK5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"ArcGIS Mapping Service for Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulouts"},{"id":438583,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RX994P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database 1852-2016"},{"id":325338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1108/ofr20161108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1108 Report PDF"},{"id":325337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1108/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 50.12057809796008\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
http://alaska.usgs.gov
The Equus Beds aquifer in south-central Kansas is aprimary water source for the city of Wichita. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) project was developed to help the city of Wichita meet increasing current (2016) and future water demands. The Equus Beds ASR project pumps water out of the Little Arkansas River during above-base flow conditions, treats it using drinking-water quality standards as a guideline, and recharges it into the Equus Beds aquifer for later use. Phase II of the Equus Beds ASR project currently (2016) includes a river intake facility and a surface-water treatment facility with a 30 million gallon per day capacity. Water diverted from the Little Arkansas River is delivered to an adjacent presedimentation basin for solids removal. Subsequently, waste from the surface-water treatment facility and the presedimentation basin is returned to the Little Arkansas River through a residuals return line. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, developed and implemented a hydrobiological monitoring program as part of the ASR project to characterize and quantify the effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer water quality.
Data were collected from 2 surface-water sites (one upstream and one downstream from the residuals return line), 1 residuals return line site, and 2 groundwater well sites (each having a shallow and deep part): the Little Arkansas River upstream from the ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (upstream surface-water site 375350097262800), about 0.03 mile (mi) upstream from the residuals return line site; the Little Arkansas River near Sedgwick, Kans. (downstream surface-water site 07144100), about 1.68 mi downstream from the residuals return line site; discharge from the Little Arkansas River ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (residuals return line site 375348097262800); 25S 01 W 07BCCC01 SMW–S11 near CW36 (MW–7 shallow groundwater well site 375327097285401); 25S01 W 07BCCC02 DMW–S10 near CW36 (MW–7 deep groundwater well site 375327097285402); 25S 01W 07BCCA01 SMW–S13 near CW36 (MW–8 shallow groundwater well site 375332097284801); and 25S 01W 07BCCA02 DMW–S14 near CW36 (MW–8 deep groundwater well site 375332097284802). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, assessed the effects of the ASR Phase II facility residuals return line discharges on stream quality of the Little Arkansas River by measuring continuous physicochemical properties and collecting discrete water-quality and sediment samples for about 2 years pre- (January 2011 through April 2013) and post-ASR (May 2013 through December 2014) Phase II facility operation upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility. Additionally, habitat variables were quantified and macroinvertebrate and fish communities were sampled upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility during the study period. To assess the effects of aquifer recharge on Equus Beds groundwater quality, continuous physicochemical properties were measured and discrete water-quality samples were collected before and during the onset of Phase II aquifer recharge in two (shallow and deep) groundwater wells.
Little Arkansas River streamflow was about 10 times larger after the facility began operating because of greater rainfall. Residuals return line release volumes were a very minimal proportion (0.06 percent) of downstream streamflow volume during the months the ASR facility was operating. Upstream and downstream continuously measured water temperature and dissolved oxygen median differences were smaller post-ASR than pre-ASR. Turbidity generally was smaller at the downstream site throughout the study period and decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging despite a median residuals return line turbidity that was about an order of magnitude larger than the median turbidity at the downstream site. Upstream and downstream continuously measured turbidity median differences were larger post-ASR than pre-ASR. Median post-ASR continuously measured nitrite plus nitrate and continuously computed total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations were smaller than pre-ASR likely because of higher streamflows and dilution; whereas, median continuously computed dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations were larger likely because of higher streamflows and runoff conditions.
None of the discretely measured water-quality constituents (dissolved and suspended solids, primary ions, suspended sediment, nutrients, carbon, trace elements, viral and bacterial indicators, and pesticides) in surface water were significantly different between the upstream and downstream sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging; however, pre-ASR calcium, sodium, hardness, manganese, and arsenate concentrations were significantly larger at the upstream site, which indicates that some water-quality conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more similar post-ASR. Most of the primary constituents that make up dissolved solids decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began operation. Discretely collected total suspended solids concentrations were similar between the upstream and downstream sites before the facility began operating but were about 27 percent smaller at the downstream site after the facility began operating, despite the total suspended solids concentrations in the residuals return line being 15 times larger than the downstream site.
Overall habitat scores were indicative of suboptimal conditions upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility throughout the study period. Substrate fouling and sediment deposition mean scores indicated marginal conditions at the upstream and downstream sites during the study period, demonstrating that sediment deposition was evident pre- and post-ASR and no substantial changes in these habitat characteristics were noted after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging. Macroinvertebrate community composition (evaluated using functional feeding, behavioral, and tolerance metrics) generally was similar between sites during the study period. Fewer macroinvertebrate metrics were significant between the upstream and downstream sites post-ASR (6) than pre-ASR (14), which suggests that macroinvertebate communities were more similar after the ASR facility began discharging. Upstream-downstream comparisons in macroinvertebrate aquatic-life-support metrics had no significant differences for the post-ASR time period and neither site was fully supporting for any of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic-life-support metrics (Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index; Kansas Biotic Index with tolerances for nutrients and oxygen-demanding substances; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EPT] richness; and percentage of EPT species). Overall, using macroinvertebrate aquatic life-support criteria from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, upstream and downstream sites were classified as partially supporting before and after the onset of ASR facility operations. Fish community trophic status and tolerance groups generally were similar among sites during the study period. Fish community Little Arkansas River Basin Index of Biotic Integrity scores at the upstream and downstream sites were indicative of fair-to-good conditions before the facility began operating and decreased to fair conditions after the facility began operating.
Groundwater physicochemical changes concurrent with the beginning of recharge operations at the Sedgwick basin were more pronounced in shallow groundwater. No constituent concentrations in the pre-recharge period in comparison to the post-recharge period increased to concentrations exceeding drinking water regulations; however, nitrate decreased significantly from a pre-recharge exceedance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level to a post recharge nonexceedance. Shallow groundwater chemical concentrations or rates of detection increased after artificial recharge began for the ions potassium, chloride, and fluoride; phosphorus and organic carbon species; trace elements barium, manganese, nickel, arsenate, arsenic, and boron; agricultural pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, metribuzin, and simazine; organic disinfection byproducts bromodichloromethane and trichloromethane; and gross beta levels. Additionally, water temperature, and pH were larger after recharge began; and total solids and slime-forming bacteria concentrations and densities were smaller. Total solids, nitrate, and selenium significantly decreased; and potassium, chloride, nickel, arsenic, fluoride, phosphorus and carbon species, and gross beta levels significantly increased in shallow groundwater after artificial recharge. Results of biological activity reaction tests indicated that water quality microbiology was different before and after artificial recharge began; at times, these differences may lead to changes in dominant bacterial populations that, in turn, may lead to formation and expansion in populations that may cause bioplugging and other unwanted effects. Calcite, iron (II) hydroxide, hydroxyapatite, and similar minerals, had shifts in saturation indices that generally were from undersaturation toward equilibrium and, in some cases, toward oversaturation. These shifts toward neutral saturation indices might suggest reduced weathering of the minerals present in the Equus Beds aquifer. Chemical weathering in the shallow parts of the aquifer may be accelerated because of the increased water temperatures and the system is more vulnerable to clogged pores and mineral dissolution as the equilibrium state is affected by recharge and withdrawal. When oversaturation is indicated for iron minerals, plugging of aquifer materials may happen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Garrett, J.D., Poulton, B.C., and Ziegler, A.C., 2016, Effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on water quality in the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2011–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5024, 88 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165042.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix Files","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068666","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024"},{"id":325361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325363,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Files","size":"199 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024 Appendix Files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ],\n [\n -97.57232666015625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -97.57781982421875,\n 38.08160859009049\n ],\n [\n -97.55035400390625,\n 38.0545795282119\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 38.019967758742766\n ],\n [\n -97.48580932617188,\n 38.01239425385966\n ],\n [\n -97.43499755859374,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -97.42813110351562,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -97.36221313476562,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.46520996093749,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.47894287109375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -97.50640869140625,\n 37.820632846207864\n ],\n [\n -97.52838134765624,\n 37.83473402375478\n ],\n [\n -97.57095336914062,\n 37.85859141570558\n ],\n [\n -97.61764526367188,\n 37.87702138607635\n ],\n [\n -97.67120361328125,\n 37.88677656291023\n ],\n [\n -97.70278930664062,\n 37.898697801966094\n ],\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place Lawrence, KS 66049
The influence of streamflow on survival of emigrating juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. (smolts) is a major concern for water managers throughout the northeast Pacific Rim. However, few studies have quantified flow effects on smolt survival, and available information does not indicate a consistent flow–survival relationship within the typical range of flows under management control. In the Yakima Basin, Washington, the potential effects of streamflow alterations on smolt survival have been debated for over 20 years. Using a series of controlled flow releases from upper basin reservoirs and radiotelemetry, we quantified the relationship between flow and yearling Chinook salmon smolt survival in the 208 km reach between Roza Dam and the Yakima River mouth. A multistate mark–recapture model accounted for weekly variation in flow conditions experienced by tagged fish in four discrete river segments. Smolt survival was significantly associated with streamflow in the Roza Reach [river kilometre (rkm) 208–189] and marginally associated with streamflow in the Sunnyside Reach (rkm 169–77). However, smolt survival was not significantly associated with flow in the Naches and Prosser Reaches (rkm 189–169 and rkm 77–3). This discrepancy indicates potential differences in underlying flow-related survival mechanisms, such as predation or passage impediments. Our results clarify trade-offs between flow augmentation for fisheries enhancement and other beneficial uses, and our study design provides a framework for resolving uncertainties about streamflow effects on migratory fish survival in other river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/rra.3066","usgsCitation":"Courter, I., Garrison, T., Kock, T.J., Perry, R.W., Child, D., and Hubble, J., 2016, Benefits of prescribed flows for salmon smolt survival enhancement vary longitudinally in a highly managed river system: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1999-2008, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3066.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1999","endPage":"2008","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076303","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -117.71850585937501,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -117.71850585937501,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 46.057985244793024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db36e4b0589fa1c7e6ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courter, Ian","contributorId":173188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courter","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":27180,"text":"Mount Hood Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Thomas","contributorId":173189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":27181,"text":"Fish Passage Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Child, David","contributorId":173190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Child","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":27182,"text":"D.C. Consulting LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hubble, Joel","contributorId":173191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubble","given":"Joel","affiliations":[{"id":27183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Yakima Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171285,"text":"sir20165071 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:28:18","indexId":"sir20165071","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5071","title":"Spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013","docAbstract":"Much research has been conducted to better understand erosion and accretion processes for the seaward zones of coastal barrier islands; however, at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, the greater management concern is the effect that erosion is having on the resources of the island’s western shoreline, or the back barrier. Catastrophic slumping and regular rates of erosion greater than 1 meter per year threaten important habitat, historical and pre-historical resources, and modern infrastructure on the island. Prior research has helped National Park Service (NPS) staff identify the most severe and vulnerable areas, but in order to develop effective management actions, information is needed on what forces and conditions cause erosion. To this end, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NPS, conducted two longitudinal surveys, one each at the beginning and end of the approximately year-long monitoring period from late 2011 to early 2013, along five selected segments of the back barrier of the Cumberland Island National Seashore. Monitoring stations were constructed at four of these locations that had previously been identified as erosional hotspots. The magnitude of erosion at each location was quantified to determine the relative influence of causative agents. Results indicate that erosion is, in general, highly variable within and among these segments of the Cumberland Island National Seashore’s back barrier. Observed erosion ranged from a maximum of 2.5 meters of bluff-line retreat to some areas that exhibited no net erosion over the 1-year study period. In terms of timing of erosion, three of the four sites were primarily affected by punctuated erosional events that were coincident with above-average high tides and elevated wind speeds. The fourth site exhibited steady, low-magnitude retreat throughout the study period. While it is difficult to precisely subscribe certain amounts of erosion to specific agents, this study provides insight into the mode of erosion among sites and the interaction among factors that set up conditions that may be leading to punctuated events.
Estimates of sea-level rise were incorporated into the results of this study to project conditions that could be in place by the end of the 21st century. When using the erosion rates observed in this study to extrapolate future shoreline position, results indicate an average retreat (across all monitored locations) of 15 meters by 2050 and approximately 37 meters by 2100.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, D.L., and Riley, J.W., 2016, Spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5071, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165071. ","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p. Data Release","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068286","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438585,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M4M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial, continuous, and point measure data for a spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011-2013:"},{"id":325288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5071/sir20165071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5071"},{"id":325290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M4M","text":"USGS data release - Geospatial, continuous, and point measure data for a spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.41555786132812,\n 30.981729962028048\n ],\n [\n -81.40045166015625,\n 30.97289931126414\n ],\n [\n -81.39701843261719,\n 30.958179744546715\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 30.90575967622237\n ],\n [\n -81.41487121582031,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.44233703613281,\n 30.80201297632633\n ],\n [\n -81.44233703613281,\n 30.711142637210045\n ],\n [\n -81.46430969238281,\n 30.707600499097804\n ],\n [\n -81.48490905761719,\n 30.727670895047673\n ],\n [\n -81.48628234863281,\n 30.745966732317395\n ],\n [\n -81.47701263427734,\n 30.778713503375876\n ],\n [\n -81.49417877197266,\n 30.813513165869683\n ],\n [\n -81.49486541748047,\n 30.853016145357284\n ],\n [\n -81.51134490966797,\n 30.879244211704183\n ],\n [\n -81.49417877197266,\n 30.907821682379147\n ],\n [\n -81.4632797241211,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -81.45538330078125,\n 30.926377738412445\n ],\n [\n -81.44096374511719,\n 30.932856783043764\n ],\n [\n -81.42997741699219,\n 30.95641324406724\n ],\n [\n -81.42791748046875,\n 30.971133083069482\n ],\n [\n -81.41555786132812,\n 30.981729962028048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/