{"pageNumber":"4357","pageRowStart":"108900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184900,"records":[{"id":70016638,"text":"70016638 - 1991 - Late quaternary geologic framework, north-central Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:20:32","indexId":"70016638","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late quaternary geologic framework, north-central Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The geologic framework of the north-central Gulf of Mexico shelf is composed of multiple, stacked, delta systems. Shelf and nearshore sedimentary facies were deposited by deltaic progradation, followed by shoreface erosion and submergence. A variety of sedimentary facies has been identified, including prodelta, delta fringe, distributary, lagoonal, barrier island, and shelf sand sheet. This study is based on the interpretation and the synthesis of > 6,700 km of high-resolution seismic profiles, 75 grab samples, and 77 vibracores. The nearshore morphology, shallow stratigraphy, and sediment distribution of the eastern Louisiana shelf are the products of transgressive sedimentary processes reworking the abandoned St. Bernard delta complex. Relatively recent Mississippi delta lobe consists primarily of fine sand, silt, and clay. In the southern portion of the St. Bernard delta complex, asymmetrical sand ridges (>5 m relief) have formed as the result of marine reworking of distributary mouth-bar sands. Silty sediments from the modern Mississippi Birdsfoot delta onlap the St. Bernard delta complex along the southern edge. The distal margin of the St. Bernard complex is distinct and has a sharp contact on the north near the Mississippi Sound barrier island coastline and a late Wisconsinan delta to the south. The Chandeleur Islands and the barrier islands of Mississippi Sound have been formed by a combination of Holocene and Pleistocene fluvial processes, shoreface erosion, and ravinement of the exposed shelf. Sediments underlying the relatively thin Holocene sediment cover are relict fluvial sands, deposited during the late Wisconsinan lowstand. Subsequent relative sea-level rise allowed marine processes to rework and redistribute sediments that formed the nearshore fine-grained facies and the shelf sand sheet.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '91","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628086","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Penland, S., Williams, S.J., Brooks, G.R., Suter, J.R., and McBride, R.A., 1991, Late quaternary geologic framework, north-central Gulf of Mexico, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '91, Seattle, WA, USA, 25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991, p. 1096-1110.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1096","endPage":"1110","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              29.935895213372444\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              29.935895213372444\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4555e4b0c8380cd67219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Gregg R.","contributorId":10557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suter, John R.","contributorId":42362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":6466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016637,"text":"70016637 - 1991 - The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T11:25:02.440863","indexId":"70016637","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Random tilting of a single paleomagnetic vector produces a distribution of vectors which is not rotationally symmetric about the original vector and therefore not Fisherian. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on two types of vector distributions: (1) distributions of vectors formed by perturbing a single original vector with a Fisher distribution of bedding poles (each defining a tilt correction) and (2) standard Fisher distributions. These simulations demonstrate that inclinations of vectors drawn from both distributions are biased toward shallow inclinations. There is a greater likelihood of statistically “drawing” a vector shallower than the true mean vector than of drawing one that is steeper. The estimated probability increases as a function of angular dispersion and inclination of the true mean vector. Consequently, the interpretation of inclination-only data from either type of distribution is not straightforward, especially when the expected paleolatitude is greater than about 50°. Because of the symmetry of the two distributions, declinations of vectors in each distribution are unbiased. The Fisher mean direction of the distribution of vectors formed by perturbing a single vector with random undetected tilts is biased toward shallow inclinations, but this bias is insignificant for angular dispersions of bedding poles less than 20°. This observation implies that the mean pole calculated from a large set of paleomagnetic directions obtained for coeval rocks over a region will be effectively unbiased by random undetected tilts of those rocks provided the angular dispersion of the undetected tilts is less than about 20°. However, the bias of the mean can be significant for large (&gt;20°) angular dispersion of tilts. The amount of bias of the mean direction maximizes at about 10°–12° in mid-latitude regions but is usually less than 8°. Consequently, large (&gt;12°) inclination discordances are probably not the result of random undetected tilts, even if the angular dispersion of the tilts exceeds 20°.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90JB02457","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Calderone, G., and Butler, R., 1991, The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B3, p. 3973-3977, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB02457.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3973","endPage":"3977","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab90e4b08c986b322f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calderone, G.J.","contributorId":17769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderone","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, R.F.","contributorId":66858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33302,"text":"b1991 - 1991 - Late Quaternary faulting along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T20:15:42.441301","indexId":"b1991","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1991","title":"Late Quaternary faulting along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, in California and Nevada, has a variety of impressive late Quaternary neotectonic features that record a long history of recurrent earthquake-induced faulting. Although no neotectonic features of unequivocal historical age are known, paleoseismic features from multiple late Quaternary events of surface faulting are well developed throughout the length of the system. Comparison of scarp heights to amount of horizontal offset of stream channels and the relationships of both scarps and channels to the ages of different geomorphic surfaces demonstrate that Quaternary faulting along the northwest-trending Furnace Creek fault zone is predominantly right lateral, whereas that along the north-trending Death Valley fault zone is predominantly normal. These observations are compatible with tectonic models of Death Valley as a northwest-trending pull-apart basin. </p><p>The largest late Quaternary scarps along the Furnace Creek fault zone, with vertical separation of late Pleistocene surfaces of as much as 64 m (meters), are in Fish Lake Valley. Despite the predominance of normal faulting along the Death Valley fault zone, vertical offset of late Pleistocene surfaces along the Death Valley fault zone apparently does not exceed about 15 m. </p><p>Evidence for four to six separate late Holocene faulting events along the Furnace Creek fault zone and three or more late Holocene events along the Death Valley fault zone are indicated by rupturing of Q<sub>1B</sub> (about 200-2,000 years old) geomorphic surfaces. Probably the youngest neotectonic feature observed along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, possibly historic in age, is vegetation lineaments in southernmost Fish Lake Valley. Near-historic faulting in Death Valley, within several kilometers south of Furnace Creek Ranch, is represented by (1) a 2,000-year-old lake shoreline that is cut by sinuous scarps, and (2) a system of young scarps with free-faceted faces (representing several faulting events) that cuts Q<sub>1B</sub> surfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1991","usgsCitation":"Brogan, G.E., Kellogg, K.S., Slemmons, D.B., and Terhune, C.L., 1991, Late Quaternary faulting along the Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1991, Report: iv, 23 p.; 4 Plates: 37.48 x 43.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1991.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; 4 Plates: 37.48 x 43.15 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414913,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23504.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340510,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340509,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":268908,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/b1991.jpg"},{"id":340512,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340511,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1991/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.672,\n              37.862\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.233,\n              37.862\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.233,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.672,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.672,\n              37.862\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8af8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brogan, George E.","contributorId":51741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brogan","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slemmons, D. Burton","contributorId":191421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slemmons","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Burton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Terhune, Christina L.","contributorId":21413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terhune","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016639,"text":"70016639 - 1991 - A new approach to plane-sweep overlay: topological structuring and line-segment classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:13:25","indexId":"70016639","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1192,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach to plane-sweep overlay: topological structuring and line-segment classification","docAbstract":"An integrated approach to spatial overlay was developed with the objective of creating a single function that can perform most of the tasks now assigned to discrete functions in current systems. Two important components of this system are a unique method for topological structuring, and a method for attribute propagation and line-segment classification. -Author","language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304091783805572","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., 1991, A new approach to plane-sweep overlay: topological structuring and line-segment classification: Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, v. 18, no. 1, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304091783805572.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269511,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304091783805572"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49be4b0c8380cd46772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016627,"text":"70016627 - 1991 - Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016627","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Channelization and concrete lining of the Rio Puerto Nuevo and its tributaries in the San Juan Metropolitan area has been proposed to control flooding in low lying areas adjacent to the stream. Concern about the effect of these channel modifications on the ground-water system prompted the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to conduct an investigation of surface-water and ground-water interactions in the Rio Puerto Nuevo basin in 1988. A principal objective of this investigation was to determine the potential effect of channelization of the Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Padilla, I., 1991, Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 168-169.","startPage":"168","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c9e4b0c8380cd50f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Padilla, Ingrid","contributorId":39247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padilla","given":"Ingrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003500,"text":"1003500 - 1991 - Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:58:21","indexId":"1003500","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3800,"text":"Xenobiotica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"1.  Branchial and urinary elimination of benzocaine residues was evaluated in adult rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, given a single dorsal aortic dose of c-14-benzocaine hydrochloride.^2.  Branchial elimination of benzocaine residues was rapid and accounted for 59.2% Of the dose during the first 3 h after dosing.  Renal elimination of radioactivity was considerably slower; the kidney excreted 2.7% Dose within 3 h and 9.0% Within 24 h.  Gallbladder bile contained 2.0% Dose 24 h after injection.^3.  Of the radioactivity in radiochromatograms from water taken 3 min after injection, 87.3% Was benzocaine and 12.7% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.  After 60 min, 32.7% Was benzocaine and 67.3% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.^4.  Of the radioactivity in radiochromatograms from urine taken 1 h after dosing, 7.6% Was para-aminobenzoic acid, 59.7% Was n-acetylated para-aminobenzoic acid, 19.5% Was benzocaine, and 8.0% Was n-acetylated benzocaine.  The proportion of the radioactivity in urine changed with time so that by 20 h, 1.0% Was para-aminobenzoic acid and 96.6% Was n-acetylated para-aminobenzoic acid.^5.  Benzocaine and a more hydrophobic metabolite, n-acetylated benzocaine, were eliminated primarily through the gills; renal and biliary pathways were less significant elimination routes for benzocaine residues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Xenobiotica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3109/00498259109039492","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Gingerich, W., and Allen, J.L., 1991, Metabolism and elimination of benzocaine by rainbow-trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Xenobiotica, v. 21, no. 4, p. 525-533, https://doi.org/10.3109/00498259109039492.","productDescription":"pp. 525-533","startPage":"525","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269921,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498259109039492"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62511d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015006,"text":"70015006 - 1991 - Quantitative controls on submarine slope failure morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T18:58:14","indexId":"70015006","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative controls on submarine slope failure morphology","docAbstract":"The concept of the steady-state of deformation can be applied to predicting the ultimate form a landslide will take. The steady-state condition, defined by a line in void ratio-effective stress space, exists at large levels of strain and remolding. Conceptually, if sediment initially exists with void ratio-effective stress conditions above the steady-state line, the sediment shear strength will decrease during a transient loading event, such as an earthquake or storm. If the reduced shear strength existing at the steady state is less than the downslope shear stress induced by gravity, then large-scale internal deformation, disintegration, and flow will occur. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641199109379887","issn":"03608867","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Schwab, W.C., Edwards, B.D., and Kayen, R.E., 1991, Quantitative controls on submarine slope failure morphology: Marine Geotechnology, v. 10, no. 1-2, p. 143-157, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641199109379887.","startPage":"143","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268172,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641199109379887"},{"id":224345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9212e4b0c8380cd8062a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008509,"text":"1008509 - 1991 - An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:23:36","indexId":"1008509","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hybrid golden shiner&nbsp;</span><i>Notemigonus crysoleucas</i><span>&nbsp;&times; rudd&nbsp;</span><i>Scardinius erythrophthalmus</i><span>&nbsp;is the first known nonsalmonid, intergeneric hybrid of an exotic species and a North American native species. The cross is also the first valid record of a viable hybrid involving the native golden shiner. Meristic and mensural characters of 30 artificially produced hybrids of male golden shiners and female rudds were analyzed. Forty-seven percent of the meristic traits exhibited character states intermediate between those of parents. Twenty-seven percent of the meristic characters were supernumerary, suggesting developmental instability of the hybrid genome. Mensural hybrid characters were significantly skewed to the golden shiner phenotype. The skewed mensural inheritance and other skewed patterns of morphological inheritance also suggest problems in canalization of the hybrid phenome or atypical patterns of dominance. All hybrids were identifiable by intermediate squamation of the cultrate abdomen: the keel was mostly scaled but exhibited a small fleshy ridge posteriorly. This minnow hybrid allows general inferences to be made about the phylogenetic affinity of the golden shiner to other cultrate cyprinids of Eurasia. The hybrid cross has important management and conservation implications for fishes in North America. The hybrid is an example of how an exotic species may negatively affect a native species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkhead, N., and Williams, J., 1991, An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, p. 781-795, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"795","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269492,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68442f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008530,"text":"1008530 - 1991 - The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost <i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i> Lacepède","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:48:08","indexId":"1008530","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost <i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i> Lacepède","docAbstract":"<p>Routine metabolism of the euryhaline cyprinodontid&nbsp;<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>&nbsp;Lacepede was measured at a series of ambient salinities ranging from fresh water through 100&permil;. Fish used had been sequentially acclimated to the test salinities (ambient temperature of 20&plusmn;1&deg; C and a 12: 12 L: D schedule).</p>\n<p>Routine metabolic rates were highest at ambient salinities from 15 to 50&permil;. Metabolism was somewhat lower at ambient salinities less than 15&permil;, and showed a sequential decline at ambient salinities greater than 50&permil;. It is suggested that routine metabolism is depressed at elevated salinities by reduced O, transfer, a consequence of maintenance of hydromineral balance in hypersaline waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03097.x","usgsCitation":"Nordlie, F., Walsh, S., Haney, D.C., and Nordlie, T., 1991, The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost <i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i> Lacepède: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 38, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03097.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordlie, F.G.","contributorId":71930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordlie","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordlie, T.F.","contributorId":37686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordlie","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008522,"text":"1008522 - 1991 - Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:40:35","indexId":"1008522","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>We simulated mark&ndash;recapture experiments to evaluate a method for estimating fishing mortality and migration rates of populations stratified at release and recovery. When fish released in two or more strata were recovered from different recapture strata in nearly the same proportions, conditional recapture probabilities were estimated outside the [0, 1] interval. The maximum likelihood estimates tended to be biased and imprecise when the patterns of recaptures produced extremely \"flat\" likelihood surfaces. Absence of bias was not guaranteed, however, in experiments where recapture rates could be estimated within the [0, 1] interval. Inadequate numbers of tag releases and recoveries also produced biased estimates, although the bias was easily detected by the high sampling variability of the estimates. A stratified tag&ndash;recapture experiment with sockeye salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>) was used to demonstrate procedures for analyzing data that produce biased estimates of recapture probabilities. An estimator was derived to examine the sensitivity of recapture rate estimates to assumed differences in natural and tagging mortality, tag loss, and incomplete reporting of tag recoveries.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-035","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Rago, P., 1991, Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008533,"text":"1008533 - 1991 - Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>) in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:55:47","indexId":"1008533","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>) in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Photographs of distinctively scarred manatees (</span><i>Trichechus manatus</i><span>) were taken at aggregation sites throughout Florida and assembled into a catalog for identifying individuals. Resightings of known manatees in different years or at different locations enabled us to document site fidelity and long-distance movements. Of the 891 individuals included in the catalog as of August 1986, 470 (53%) were resighted at least once. We documented 219 cases of seasonal returns to specific aggregation sites and 98 instances of movements between areas. Movements in excess of 820 km were documented for individuals on the east coast of Florida. Rapid movements south during early winter, as well as northerly spring movements, verify a seasonal migration pattern for many individuals along Florida's east coast. The wide-ranging migratory habits of manatees in Florida must be considered if meaningful management strategies are to be developed and implemented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., Rathbun, G.B., and Wilcox, J., 1991, Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>) in Florida: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, J.R.","contributorId":14349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008542,"text":"1008542 - 1991 - <i>Rivulus immaculatus</i>, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T10:11:52","indexId":"1008542","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Rivulus immaculatus</i>, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae)","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not supplied at this time</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","usgsCitation":"Thomerson, J., Nico, L., and Taphorn, D., 1991, <i>Rivulus immaculatus</i>, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae): Copeia, v. 1991, no. 2, p. 323-328.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1446581"}],"volume":"1991","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a10e4b07f02db5ff59a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomerson, J.E.","contributorId":6018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomerson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taphorn, D.C.","contributorId":32480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taphorn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008525,"text":"1008525 - 1991 - Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008525","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Florida Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ludlow, M., and Walsh, S., 1991, Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 54, no. 1, p. 48-50.","productDescription":"p. 48-50","startPage":"48","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014637,"text":"1014637 - 1991 - Choline requirement of swim-up rainbow trout fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:03:26.851909","indexId":"1014637","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Choline requirement of swim-up rainbow trout fry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Triplicate 150‐fish lots of first‐feeding fry of rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>; initial mean weight, 0. 12 g) were fed casein–gelatin‐based diets containing 0, 200, 400, 800, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 mg choline/kg of feed for 12 weeks to determine their need for dietary choline. Although the growth rates of fry were suboptimal, results showed that fry needed no more than 4,000 mg choline/kg casein–gelatin diet for maximum growth and 2,000 mg/kg for maximum body fat and minimum protein. Survival was significantly lower for fish fed 800 mg choline/kg of diet than for those fed greater amounts of the nutrient. These results suggest that the dietary choline requirement of early feeding salmonids is greater than that previously reported for older salmonids. The amount of choline needed by fishes apparently decreases with age or size.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0220:CROSUR%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., 1991, Choline requirement of swim-up rainbow trout fry: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 4, p. 220-223, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0220:CROSUR%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1c97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008526,"text":"1008526 - 1991 - Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:08:16","indexId":"1008526","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not supplied at this time</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"McKnight, M., Dodd, C., and Spolsky, C., 1991, Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti: Herpetologica, v. 47, p. 440-447.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892849"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, M.L.","contributorId":86726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spolsky, C.M.","contributorId":80619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spolsky","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016479,"text":"70016479 - 1991 - An aem-tem study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: I. Weathering reactions in the volcanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:57:55.660521","indexId":"70016479","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aem-tem study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: I. Weathering reactions in the volcanics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Abert Lake in south-central Oregon provides a site suitable for the study of sequential weathering and diagenetic events. In this first of two papers, transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the igneous mineralogy, subsolidus alteration assemblage, and the structural and chemical aspects of silicate weathering reactions that occur in the volcanic rocks (basalts, basaltic andesites, and dacitic/ rhyolitic extrusive and pyroclastics) that outcrop around the lake. Olivine and pyroxene replacement occurred topotactically, whereas feldspar and glass alteration produced randomly oriented smectite in channels and cavities. The tetrahedral, octahedral, and interlayer compositions of the weathering products, largely dioctahedral smectites, varied with primary mineral composition, rock type, and as the result of addition of elements released from adjacent reaction sites. Weathering of the highly evolved, Fe-rich Jug Mountain complex at the north end of the lake produced a homogeneous smectite assemblage that contrasts with the heterogeneous smectite assemblage replacing the volcanics along the eastern margin of the lake. The variability within and between the smectite assemblages highlights the microenvironmental diversity, fluctuating redox conditions, and variable solution chemistry associated with mineral weathering reactions in the surficial environment. Late-stage exhalative and aqueous alteration of the volcanics redistributed many components and formed a variety of alkali and alkali-earth carbonate, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride minerals in vugs and cracks. Overall, substantial Mg, Si, Na, Ca, and K are released by weathering reactions that include the almost complete destruction of the Mg-smectite that initially replaced olivine. The leaching of these elements from the volcanics provides an important source of these constituents in the lake water. The nature of subsequent diagenetic reactions resulting from the interaction between the materials transported to the lake and the solution will be described in part II (</span><span class=\"small-caps\">Banfield</span><span>&nbsp;et al., 1991).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90444-A","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Banfield, J., Jones, B., and Veblen, D., 1991, An aem-tem study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: I. Weathering reactions in the volcanics: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2781-2793, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90444-A.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2793","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90444-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e4e4b0c8380cd484f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banfield, J.F.","contributorId":48710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banfield","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013316,"text":"1013316 - 1991 - Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (<i>Odocoileus</i> spp.) in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:12:57","indexId":"1013316","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (<i>Odocoileus</i> spp.) in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><i>Odocoileus hemionus</i><span> (mule deer and black-tailed deer) and </span><i>Odocoileus virginanus</i><span> (white-tailed deer) are sympatric in western North America and are characterized by distinct morphology, behavior, and allozyme allele frequencies. However, there is discordance among nuclear and mitochondrial genetic relationships, as mule deer (</span><i>O</i><span>. </span><i>h</i><span>. </span><i>hemionus</i><span>) and white-tailed deer have similar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is very different from that of black-tailed deer (</span><i>O</i><span>. </span><i>h</i><span>. </span><i>columbianus</i><span>, </span><i>O</i><span>. </span><i>h</i><span>. </span><i>sitkensis</i><span>). I expanded previous studies to clarify the genetic relationships of these groups by determining mtDNA haplotype and allozyme genotypes for 667 deer from several locations in northwestern North America. Different mtDNA haplotypes in mule deer, black-tailed deer, and white-tailed deer indicate that mitochondrial gene flow is restricted. Allozyme allele frequencies indicate that there is also restriction of nuclear gene flow between </span><i>O</i><span>. </span><i>virginianus</i><span> and </span><i>O</i><span>. </span><i>hemionus</i><span>, and to a lesser extent between mule deer and black-tailed deer. There is a low level of introgressive hybridization of mtDNA from mule deer and black-tailed deer into white-tailed deer populations and considerable interbreeding of mule deer and black-tailed deer in a contact zone. The discordance of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is apparent only if mtDNA sequence divergences, and not haplotype frequencies, are considered.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z91-179","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1991, Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (<i>Odocoileus</i> spp.) in western North America: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 1270-1279, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-179.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1279","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008520,"text":"1008520 - 1991 - The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T17:02:11.932762","indexId":"1008520","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The status of the Red Hills salamander <i>Phaeognathus hubrichti</i>, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","title":"The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","docAbstract":"<p><span>A total of 144 sites in the Red Hills Physiographic Province in south-central Alabama, USA, were surveyed in 1988 for burrows of the Red Hills salamander&nbsp;</span><i>Phaeognathus hubrichti</i><span>. Of 92 sites surveyed in 1976, no change occurred in the habitat at 54 sites, conditions improved at 19 sites and deteriorated at 18 sites following selective or clear cutting. An additional 14 of 52 sites not surveyed in 1976 were adversely affected by logging. Burrows were most often found on high (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>&amp;#x304;</mtext><mtext>= 17 m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">x̄= 17 m</span></span></span><span>), steep (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>&amp;#x304;</mtext><mtext>= 50&amp;#xB0;</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">x̄= 50°</span></span></span><span>), uncut slopes containing a high soil moisture content (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>&amp;#x304;</mtext><mtext>= 57%</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">x̄= 57%</span></span></span><span>) and full tree canopy. Slope angle and soil pH did not affect burrow abundance. Burrow openings averaged 10·9 mm high × 15·3 mm wide. Burrow angle was negatively correlated with burrow width and slope angle but low r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;values indicate that little of the variation was explained by these variables. Burrows were most often found on the upper two-thirds of slopes; burrows on slopes affected by cutting were found in the middle of the slope where they were less prone to disturbance and desiccation. Although most timber companies claim to no longer cut steep slopes in order to protect salamanders, detrimental forestry practices are still occuring. In some instances, Red Hills salamanders survive selective and clear cutting, but the persistence and viability of affected populations remain unknown. Suggestions are made to reduce impacts from forestry operations. Acquisition of 25 sites containing viable salamander populations and retention as a threatened species under United States federal law are recommended.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(91)90005-T","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1991, The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988: Biological Conservation, v. 55, no. 1, p. 57-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(91)90005-T.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Red Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.5960380790496,\n              30.997966203298944\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.63290883513014,\n              30.997966203298944\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.63290883513014,\n              32.46701552205744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5960380790496,\n              32.46701552205744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5960380790496,\n              30.997966203298944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014734,"text":"1014734 - 1991 - The role of the diagnostic laboratory in fish disease control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:09:48.535226","indexId":"1014734","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":810,"text":"Annual Review of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of the diagnostic laboratory in fish disease control","docAbstract":"<p><span>The diagnostic laboratory is becoming increasingly important to the productivity and profitability of hatcheries, fish farms, and aquaculture stations. The basic function of the laboratory personnel is to isolate and identify viral, bacterial, protozoan, and other fish pathogens present in cultured and feral fish stocks. New, rapid and accurate methods for the detection and identification of fish disease agents based on immunological, biochemical, and physiological assays are becoming commonly used. Nearly every North American state or province and many foreign countries have fish health regulations that require inspection of stocks for certain disease agents before the fish are shipped into their areas. Decisions from the diagnostic laboratory on identification, treatment, guaranteed isolation, immunization, and disposal of fish populations affect administrative directives, hatchery placement, and national and international transportation of fish and fish products. This paper reviews concepts and describes the equipment, supplies, biologics, and media needed for the basic diagnostic laboratory. Information management, including training of staff, certification procedures, and quality control are also discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0959-8030(91)90021-B","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., and Barney, P.J., 1991, The role of the diagnostic laboratory in fish disease control: Annual Review of Fish Diseases, v. 1, no. 1, p. 41-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(91)90021-B.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Douglas P.","contributorId":70696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barney, P. J.","contributorId":94250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barney","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008531,"text":"1008531 - 1991 - An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:41:46","indexId":"1008531","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (</span><i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i><span>) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and contaminant residue findings were unremarkable. Nonspecific lesions of congestion and hemorrhage were identified in brain tissue. Numerous reports were also received of manatee morbidity. Some distressed manatees showed no biochemical lesions in clinical analyses of blood samples and recovered quickly. Timing of manatee illnesses coincided with fish and double-crested cormorant (</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>) mortality and morbidity. A widespread bloom of the dinoflagellate red tide organism (</span><i>Gymnodinium breve</i><span>) also coincided with these incidents.&nbsp;</span><i>G. breve</i><span>&nbsp;produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins). Circumstantial evidence links these events, and possible routes of exposure may include ingestion of filter-feeding ascidians. Ecological conditions that magnified the extent of the epizootic included an early dispersal of manatees into the area from a nearby winter aggregation site and unusually high salinities that facilitated the inshore spread of the red tide bloom. Management responses to future episodes of red tide in manatee areas are suggested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Rathbun, G.B., Bonde, R., Buergelt, C., and Odell, D., 1991, An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 165-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buergelt, C.D.","contributorId":21913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buergelt","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odell, D.K.","contributorId":32119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1008543,"text":"1008543 - 1991 - Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:38","indexId":"1008543","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1111,"text":"Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Clemmer, G., 1991, Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi: Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, v. 10, p. 17-31.","productDescription":"p. 17-31","startPage":"17","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clemmer, G.H.","contributorId":79070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemmer","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008532,"text":"1008532 - 1991 - Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:45:48","indexId":"1008532","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean","docAbstract":"<p><span>Belize is a small country but it offers a safe haven for the largest number of manatees in the Caribbean. The authors' survey in 1989 revealed that there has been no apparent decline since the last study in 1977. However, there is no evidence for population growth either and as the Belize economy develops threats from fisheries, human pressure and declining habitat quality will increase. Recommendations are made to ensure that Belize safeguards its manatee populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0030605300034189","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Salisbury, C., 1991, Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean: Oryx, v. 5, no. 3, p. 156-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300034189.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, C.A.","contributorId":49311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015007,"text":"70015007 - 1991 - U-series ages of solitary corals from the California coast by mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:28:14.112152","indexId":"70015007","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-series ages of solitary corals from the California coast by mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of dating fossil solitary corals from Pleistocene marine strandlines outside tropical latitudes using the recently developed high sensitivity, high-precision U-series technique based on thermal-ionization mass-spectrometry (TIMS). The TIMS technique is much more efficient than conventional a spectrometry and, as a result, multiple samples of an individual coral skeleton, or different specimens from the same bed can be analyzed.</p><p>Detached and well-rounded fossil specimens of the solitary coral<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Balanophyllia elegans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were collected from relict littoral deposits on emergent marine terraces along the California coast at Cayucos terrace (elevation 8 m, previously dated at 124 and 117 Ky by α counting), Shell Beach terrace (elevation about 25 m, previously undated), Nestor terrace, San Diego (elevation 23 m, previously dated at 131 to 109 Ky ), Bird Rock terrace, San Diego ( elevation 8 m, previously dated at 81 Ky ). Attached living specimens were collected from the intertidal zone on the modern terrace at Moss Beach.</p><p>Concentrations of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup>Th in both living and fossil specimens are much higher than in reef-building corals (12 to 624 pmol/g vs. 0.1 to 1.6 pmol/g, respectively). However, because<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>232</sup>Th in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Balanophyllia elegans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are very low (2.22 × 10<sup>−3</sup><i>to</i><span>&nbsp;</span>4.33 × 10<sup>−4</sup>), the high<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup>Th concentrations have negligible effect on the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U dates. The high<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup>Th concentration in the living specimen (33.1 pmol/g) indicates that a significant amount of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup>Th is incorporated in the aragonitic skeleton during growth, or attached to clay-sized silicates trapped in the skeletal material. The calculated initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U activities in the fossil specimens of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Balanophyllia elegans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are higher than the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U activity in modern seawater or in the modern specimen. The higher initial activities could possibly reflect the influx of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U-enriched continental water into Pleistocene coastal waters, or it could reflect minor diagenetic alteration, a persistent and fundamental problem in dating all corals.</p><p>Samples from a compound specimen from the Cayucos terrace were subjected to different preparation procedures. Samples prepared by a standard acid washing procedure yielded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U ages of 125, 123, and 122 Ky, whereas samples prepared by an abbreviated procedure without acid washing yield significantly lower ages of 113 and 112 Ky. Two other specimens from the same bed yielded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U ages of 118 and 115 Ky. Also, two specimens from a stratigraphically higher bed yielded ages of 120 and 117 Ky, and three specimens from a lower bed yield ages of 115, 113, and 101 Ky. Nine of the twelve ages of the treated samples from the Cayucos terrace range from 125 to 113 Ky. However, the ages do not follow the stratigraphie order. Two possible interpretations are ( 1 ) the age of the terrace deposit is 125 Ky and all younger ages reflect variable diagenetic alteration or (2) the age of the terrace is 125 to 113 Ky and the ages reflect sediment reworking over a period of 12 Ky.</p><p>Three specimens from a single bed on the Shell Beach terrace yield ages of 126, 122, and 121 Ky, similar to the older ages from Cayucos. The ages of solitary corals from the Cayucos and Shell Beach terraces are similar to ages of reef-building corals from terraces at numerous tropical localities. These are correlated with the last interglacial sea-level highstand, which probably stood 2 to 10 m above present sea level. The youngest ages and present elevations of the Cayucos and Shell Beach terraces yield tectonic uplift rates of 0.01 and 0.15 m/Ky, respectively, assuming the original elevation of each terrace was 7 m.</p><p>Four specimens from the basal gravel on the Nestor terrace yielded ages of 145, 143, 137, and 133 Ky. The three oldest ages, however, are older than that associated with the last interglacial. The possible explanations for these older ages are ( 1 ) diagenic alteration or ( 2 ) the Nestor terrace deposits reflect in some way a poorly documented early phase of the last interglacial sea level high stand.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90069-H","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Stein, M., Wasserburg, G., Lajoie, K.R., and Chen, J., 1991, U-series ages of solitary corals from the California coast by mass spectrometry: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3709-3722, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90069-H.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3709","endPage":"3722","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e4e4b08c986b327eac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, Martin","contributorId":28055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wasserburg, G.J.","contributorId":54734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasserburg","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lajoie, K. R.","contributorId":6828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lajoie","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, J.-H.","contributorId":61278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.-H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014553,"text":"1014553 - 1991 - Effects of orally administered steroids on lake trout and Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:09:54.975063","indexId":"1014553","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of orally administered steroids on lake trout and Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) and Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) fed 30 mg β‐estradiol/kg of feed for 100 d from first feeding had liver and kidney pathology similar to but much less severe than that previously reported for rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>). Mortality was not affected. Both lake trout and Atlantic salmon treated with estradiol weighed significantly less than control fish at the end of the treatment period and at 200 d posttreatment. Testosterone‐treated fish of both species weighed less than control fish at the end of the treatment period. By day 200 posttreatment, testosterone‐treated and untreated lake trout weighed the same, but testosterone‐treated Atlantic salmon were heavier than control fish. Estradiol treatment produced an all‐female population of Atlantic salmon but not of lake trout. Testosterone at 5 mg/kg feed increased the ratio of males to females in both species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0157:CEOOAS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herman, R.L., and Kincaid, H.L., 1991, Effects of orally administered steroids on lake trout and Atlantic salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 3, p. 157-161, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0157:CEOOAS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008508,"text":"1008508 - 1991 - The impact of debris on the Florida manatee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:06:54","indexId":"1008508","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of debris on the Florida manatee","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endangered Florida manatee ingests debris while feeding. From 1978 through 1986, 439 salvaged manatees were examined. Debris was in the gastrointestinal tract of 63 (14.4%) and four died as a direct result of debris ingestion. Monofilament fishing line was the most common debris found (N=49). Plastic bags, string, twine, rope, fish hooks, wire, paper, cellophane, synthetic sponges, rubber bands, and stockings also were recovered. Entanglement in lines and nets killed 11 manatees from 1974 through 1985. Numerous free-ranging manatees have missing or scarred flippers from entanglements, or debris still encircling one or both flippers. We recommend local cleanups, education of the public, and fishing restrictions in high use areas to significantly reduce harm to manatees.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(91)90406-I","usgsCitation":"Beck, C., and Barros, N., 1991, The impact of debris on the Florida manatee: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 22, no. 10, p. 508-510, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(91)90406-I.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barros, N.B.","contributorId":107239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barros","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}