Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge in Maine. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of four marsh management units within the refuge, totaling about 13 hectares, and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to $1,000, and may continue to increase at a lower rate with further expenditures. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than or equal to $1,000 included improving nesting habitat for Ammodramus nelsoni (Nelson’s sparrow) or restoring hydrologic connections to the upper marsh in one marsh management unit (Hobart Stream West). The potential management benefits were derived from expected increases in the density of nekton and of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health). The prototype presented here does not resolve management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge that can be updated for implementation as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., Mills, M., Brown, R.E., and Ramos, K., 2021, Optimization of salt marsh management at the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Maine, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1115, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211115.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-131976","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1115/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":393376,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1115/ofr20211115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393377,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1115/ofr20211115.xml"},{"id":393379,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/121918","text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service database","linkHelpText":"- Salt marsh integrity and Hurricane Sandy vegetation, bird and nekton data"},{"id":393378,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1115/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.27890014648438,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -67.15,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -67.15,\n 44.918625522424925\n ],\n [\n -67.27890014648438,\n 44.918625522424925\n ],\n [\n -67.27890014648438,\n 44.80132682904856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Changes in Earth’s cryosphere can have direct impacts on ecosystems, wildlife, and human communities that may extend to other reaches of the planet, such as through sea-level rise or altering the global carbon budget. Advances in passive seismic technology and processing methods have opened new opportunities to better understand how ice and permafrost soils are responding to changing conditions. Here, we present examples from two cryosphere applications of a simple seismic technique using horizontal-vertical spectral ratios (H/V) to explore the influences, considerations, and outcomes when applied to 1) glacial ice-thickness estimates and 2) permafrost and active-layer monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","collaboration":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","usgsCitation":"Stevens, N.T., and James, S.R., 2021, Capturing the changing cryosphere with seismic horizontal-vertical spectral ratios: FastTIMES, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-133107","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402810,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fasttimesonline.co/capturing-the-changing-cryosphere-with-seismic-horizontal-vertical-spectral-ratios/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Nathan T.","contributorId":191669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Stephanie R. 0000-0001-5715-253X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-253X","contributorId":260620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70228917,"text":"70228917 - 2021 - A statistical framework to track temporal dependence of chlorophyll–nutrient relationships with implications for lake eutrophication management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-24T23:14:04.830404","indexId":"70228917","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T16:55:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical framework to track temporal dependence of chlorophyll–nutrient relationships with implications for lake eutrophication management","docAbstract":"A reliable chlorophyll–nutrient relationship (CNR) is essential for lake eutrophication management. Although the spatial variability of CNRs has been extensively explored, temporal variations of CNRs at the individual lake scale has rarely been discussed. The paucity of information about temporal dependence in CNRs may in part be due to the lack of a suitable statistical framework that helps guide such investigations. In order to reveal temporal dependence of CNR, this study develop a novel statistical framework. In the framework, we employ quantile regression to generate overall (the entire dataset), annual (subsets for each year), and accumulative (subsets collected before a certain year) CNRs. We aim to 1) show biases of annual relationships by comparing the overall and annual relationships and 2) determine whether or not data accumulation is enough to develop a reliable CNR. We use Lake Champlain and Lake Kasumigaura as case studies to illustrate the necessary steps needed to utilize this novel framework. Results show that large interannual variations exist for CNRs. Accumulative relationships tend to converge to the overall relationship, indicating that overall relationships are reliable for informing lake-specific eutrophication management in the two case study lakes. The novel statistical framework that we propose for a procedure to estimate reliable CNRs is important for informing lake-specific eutrophication control decision-making processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125883","usgsCitation":"Qiu, Q., Liang, Z., Xu, Y., Matsuzaki, S.S., Komatsu, K., and Wagner, T., 2021, A statistical framework to track temporal dependence of chlorophyll–nutrient relationships with implications for lake eutrophication management: Journal of Hydrology, v. 603, no. Part D, 127134, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125883.","productDescription":"127134, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119115","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125883","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, United States","otherGeospatial":"Ibaraki Prefecture, Lake Champlain, Lake Kasumigaura","volume":"603","issue":"Part D","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qiu, Qianlinglin","contributorId":280020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Qianlinglin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liang, Zhongyao","contributorId":280018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Zhongyao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Yaoyang","contributorId":280019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yaoyang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S.","contributorId":203197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsuzaki","given":"Shin-Ichiro","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komatsu, Kazuhiro","contributorId":280073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komatsu","given":"Kazuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226934,"text":"sir20215131 - 2021 - Completion summary for boreholes USGS 148, 148A, and 149 at the Materials and Fuels Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T13:33:25.050244","indexId":"sir20215131","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T07:24:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5131","displayTitle":"Completion Summary for Boreholes USGS 148, 148A, and 149 at the Materials and Fuels Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","title":"Completion summary for boreholes USGS 148, 148A, and 149 at the Materials and Fuels Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes USGS 148A and USGS 149 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in southeastern Idaho. Initially, boreholes USGS 148A and USGS 149 were continuously cored to allow the USGS and INL subcontractor to collect select geophysical and seismic data and evaluate properties of recovered core material. The USGS geophysical data and descriptions of core material are described in this report; however, data collected by the INL contractor, including seismic data, are not included as part of the report.
The unsaturated zone at both borehole locations is relatively thick, depth to water was measured at approximately 663.6 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) in USGS 148A, and at approximately 654.1 ft BLS at USGS 149. On completion of coring and data collection, both boreholes (USGS 148A and USGS 149) were repurposed as monitoring wells. Well USGS 148A was constructed to a depth of 759 ft BLS and instrumented with a dedicated submersible pump and measurement line; well USGS 149 was constructed to a depth of 974 ft BLS and instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system (WestbayTM).
Geophysical data, collected by the USGS, were used to characterize the subsurface geology and aquifer conditions. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess sediment-layer thickness and location. Neutron and gamma-gamma source logs were used to confirm fractured and vesicular basalt identified for aquifer testing and multilevel monitoring well zone testing. Acoustic televiewer logs, collected for well USGS 149, were used to identify fractures and assess groundwater movement when compared with neutron measurements. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement for the constructed boreholes USGS 148A and USGS 149.
A single-well aquifer test was done in well USGS 148A during November 6–7, 2019, to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Estimates for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were 6.34×103 feet squared per day and 3.17 feet per day, respectively. The aquifer test was run overnight (21.3 hours) and measured drawdown was relatively small (0.09 ft) at sustained pumping rates ranging from 15.7 to 16.1 gallons per minute. The transmissivity estimates for well USGS 148A were slightly lower than those determined from previous aquifer tests for wells near the Materials and Fuels Complex, but well within range of other aquifer tests done at the INL.
Water-quality samples, collected from well USGS 148A and from four zones in well USGS 149, were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed similar chemistry in USGS 148A and all four zones in USGS 149. Water samples for stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicated some possible influence of irrigation on the water quality. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations indicated influence from anthropogenic sources. The volatile organic compound and radiochemical data indicated that wastewater disposal practices at the Materials and Fuels Complex or from drilling had no detectable influence on these wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215131","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22255Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
When provisioning chicks, parents trade-off their time, energy, and other resources to maximize reproductive success. As parents adjust investment to maximize their fitness, impacts on offspring growth can occur. We investigated provisioning and chick growth of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at one of the largest colonies (∼175,000 pairs), during one year of normal chick growth and survival and in a year which, by chance, was characterized by low chick growth and survival (“difficult” year). We measured daily average amount and quality of food delivered, as well as foraging-trip duration, and compared them to chick mass and skeletal growth during two years of contrasting conditions. We used mixed-effects models to test the prediction that increased parental investment would lead to increased growth rates, while accounting for confounding effects. There was no evidence of an effect of parent age. All provisioning measures predicted growth of at least one morphological character but, especially during the year of normal reproductive success, no provisioning measure strongly predicted growth across most morphological characters. However, during the difficult year parental investment positively affected growth rates, especially for males that were fed relatively more fish. The observed variation in growth rates between males and females, and between years of contrasting apparent resource availability, was large enough to lead to size differences that may subsequently affect post-fledging survival and ultimately population processes.
Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) are known to forage away from nesting colonies, yet little information is available about movement rates and distances. We used VHF transmitters and a network of datalogging receivers to monitor movements of 23 Least Terns on the central Platte River, Nebraska, USA. We typically detected incubating and brood-rearing birds within 8 km of colonies during daylight hours, and up to 17.5 km away at night. Movement distances were even longer during post-fledging (up to 20 km) and nonbreeding (up to 31 km) periods. Colony attendance differed notably by reproductive stage, being highest for incubating and lowest for post-fledging birds. Birds were most frequently detected on the study area during brood-rearing and nonbreeding periods, and most likely to go undetected during incubation and after fledging a brood. Frequency and success of foraging behaviors were lowest on sandpit sites, intermediate on riverine sites, and highest at the Kearney Diversion Dam on the Platte River, where flow patterns likely enhanced forage fish availability. Foraging movements of Least Terns were temporally and spatially variable, with time of day, reproductive stage, and availability of prey hotspots appearing to be key factors. Management of habitat complexes for breeding Least Terns may benefit from emphasizing the availability of profitable foraging habitat within 8 km of nesting areas, and considering foraging habitat within 8 - 30 km as available.
Documenting the spatial distribution of high-quality habitat patches, the distributions of threats and protected areas, and the vulnerability of habitat patches to changes in environmental conditions is vital for conservation of rare species. Range-wide species distribution models were developed for Black Rails (Laterallus jamaicensis) to predict the distribution of high-quality habitat patches for breeding Eastern Black Rails (L. j. jamaicensis). Overlay analyses were conducted to quantify the distribution of habitat relative to human development and existing protected areas, as well as the vulnerability of the best habitat to future sea level rise. The amount of high-quality habitat varied among states (0.4-7.6% of area) and was relatively rare throughout the subspecies' range (3.3% of area). Human development was common but the amount varied spatially among states (2.2-15.3% of area). Higher-quality breeding habitat was more common on federal lands (9.4% of area) and protected areas (6.4% of area), yet 33-42% of the highest-quality habitat patches were vulnerable to sea level rise of 0.61-1.83 m. Our results imply that even though many of the highest-quality habitat patches may be less likely sites for development they are often vulnerable to rising seas, and thus maintenance of existing high-quality habitat patches may be difficult without management that takes into account the likelihood of future inundation.
The August 14, 2021, magnitude 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, earthquake triggered thousands of landslides on the Tiburon Peninsula. The landslides directly caused fatalities and damage and impeded response efforts by blocking roads and causing other infrastructure damage. Adverse effects of the landslides likely will continue for months to years. This report presents an assessment of potential postearthquake landslide-related geologic hazards for the Tiburon Peninsula and a preliminary map of the landslides triggered by the earthquake. This hazard assessment is based on an emergency analysis of the currently available, postearthquake satellite imagery. In this report, we highlight specific areas of concern that may benefit from more detailed assessment and longer-term monitoring. Our mapping efforts revealed that at least 4,893 landslides were triggered across the Tiburon Peninsula by the earthquake and subsequent rainfall from Tropical Cyclone Grace. We also observed hundreds of landslide deposits potentially restricting flow in rivers and streams. In addition, we observed landslides that likely affected roads by rendering them impassable or susceptible to subsequent damage from existing landslides. Because of the preliminary nature of this report and the limits of remote analyses, additional investigation and monitoring would be beneficial to accurately determine the threat posed by these hazards to people and infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211112","usgsCitation":"Martinez, S.N., Allstadt, K.E., Slaughter, S.L., Schmitt, R., Collins, E., Schaefer, L.N., and Ellison, S., 2021, Landslides triggered by the August 14, 2021, magnitude 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1112, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211112.","productDescription":"Report; vi, 17 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-134308","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99MYPXK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Rapid Response Landslide Inventory for the 14 August 2021 M7.2 Nippes, Haiti, Earthquake"},{"id":393237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1112/ofr20211112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1112"},{"id":393236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1112/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","otherGeospatial":"Nippes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 17.95260646769184\n ],\n [\n -73.36669921875,\n 17.95260646769184\n ],\n [\n -73.36669921875,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 17.95260646769184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225
Climate change and invasive species are major threats to native biodiversity, but few empirical studies have examined their combined effects at large spatial and temporal scales. Using 21,917 surveys collected over 30 years, we quantified the impacts of climate change on the past and future distributions of five interacting native and invasive trout species throughout the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We found that the occupancy of native bull trout and cutthroat trout declined by 18 and 6%, respectively (1993–2018), and was predicted to decrease by an additional 39 and 16% by 2080. However, reasons for these occupancy reductions markedly differed among species: Climate-driven increases in water temperature and decreases in summer flow likely caused declines of bull trout, while climate-induced expansion of invasive species largely drove declines of cutthroat trout. Our results demonstrate that climate change can affect ecologically similar, co-occurring native species through distinct pathways, necessitating species-specific management actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abj5471","usgsCitation":"Bell, D.A., Kovach, R., Muhlfeld, C.C., Al-Chokhachy, R., Cline, T.J., Whited, D.C., Schmetterling, D., Lukacs, P.M., and Whiteley, A., 2021, Climate change and expanding invasive species drive widespread declines of native trout in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA: Science Advances, v. 7, no. 52, eabj5471, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5471.","productDescription":"eabj5471, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128452","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -113.31298828125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 47.88688085106901\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -113.35693359375,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -112.8076171875,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Donovan A.","contributorId":198161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Donovan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P.","contributorId":126724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert 0000-0002-2136-5098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":211560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cline, Timothy Joseph 0000-0002-4955-654X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-654X","contributorId":228871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whited, Diane C.","contributorId":145916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmetterling, David","contributorId":196555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmetterling","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M","contributorId":290592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whiteley, Andrew R.","contributorId":286853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteley","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70227271,"text":"70227271 - 2021 - Vitrinite reflectance analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T12:12:26.752874","indexId":"70227271","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-22T09:21:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Vitrinite reflectance analysis","docAbstract":"Vitrinite is a maceral group (a set of organic matter types with similar properties and appearance) derived from the remains of woody material from vascular plants and is composed of the thermally evolved products of lignin and cellulose. Vitrinite is the dominant component of humic coal and is found as a minor component dispersed into sedimentary rocks, especially mudrocks, the primary source rocks for petroleum. Vitrinite reflectance analysis is the microscopical determination of the reflectance of incident light from vitrinite as calibrated to standards of known reflectance. The reflectance of vitrinite increases systematically with increasing thermal maturation during burial and heating of sedimentary rocks, and this property allows vitrinite reflectance analysis to be used as a common geothermometer for source rocks in petroliferous basins. Vitrinite reflectance analysis also is used as a method to determine coal rank.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02330-4_85-1","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., 2021, Vitrinite reflectance analysis, chap. of Encyclopedia of Petroleum Geology, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02330-4_85-1.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-123749","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227046,"text":"70227046 - 2021 - Revealing migratory path, important stopovers and non-breeding areas of a boreal songbird in steep decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T11:52:18.395396","indexId":"70227046","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-22T08:58:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7561,"text":"Animal Migration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revealing migratory path, important stopovers and non-breeding areas of a boreal songbird in steep decline","docAbstract":"The Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) is a steeply declining aerial insectivore with one of the longest migrations of any North American passerine. We deployed light-level geolocators and archival GPS tags on breeders in boreal Alaska to determine migratory routes, important stopovers and non-breeding locations. Data from 16 individuals revealed a median 23,555 km annual journey (range: 19,387, 27,292 km) over 95 days (range: 83, 139 days) with wintering occurring in three regions of South America (NW Colombia/Ecuador, central Peru and W Brazil/S Peru). We developed a new method to identify “Important Stopovers” by quantifying intensity of use (a function of bird numbers and stop durations) along migratory routes. We identified 13 Important Stopovers that accounted for ~66% of the annual migratory period, suggestive of refueling activities. Some sites coincided with key areas previously identified for other Neotropi- cal-Nearctic migrants. Percent land “protected” at Impor- tant Stopovers, as defined by IUCN, ranged from 3.8% to 49.3% (mean [95% CI]: 17.3% [9.6, 25.0]). Total migration speed did not differ by season (median: 255 km day-1, range: 182, 295km day-1), despite greater spring travel dis- tances. Birds with longer non-breeding periods, however, migrated north faster. Climate-driven mismatches in migratory timing may be less of a concern for western than for eastern flycatcher populations, given recent con- generic analyses (C. sordidulus, C. virens). However, accel- erated high-latitude changes, may nonetheless impact boreal breeders.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/ami-2020-0116","usgsCitation":"Hagelin, J.C., Hallworth, M.T., Barger, C.P., Johnson, J.A., DuBour, K.A., Pendelton, G.W., DeCicco, L.H., McDuffie, L., Matsuoka, S.M., Snively, M.A., and Marra, P.P., 2021, Revealing migratory path, important stopovers and non-breeding areas of a boreal songbird in steep decline: Animal Migration, v. 8, p. 168-191, https://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2020-0116.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"191","ipdsId":"IP-133471","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2020-0116","text":"Publisher Index 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0000-0003-0741-9202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-9202","contributorId":270476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendelton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeCicco, Lucas H.","contributorId":199286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDuffie, Laura A 0000-0003-2071-7204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-7204","contributorId":270478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDuffie","given":"Laura A","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Snively, Marian A","contributorId":270480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snively","given":"Marian","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marra, Peter P.","contributorId":190140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marra","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70226974,"text":"70226974 - 2021 - Planetary dunes tell of otherworldly winds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T13:33:33.848494","indexId":"70226974","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-22T07:32:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7602,"text":"Eos, American Geophysical Union","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planetary dunes tell of otherworldly winds","docAbstract":"Dune fields are common on beaches and in deserts—think of the imposing sand hills and sinuous ripples of the Sahara in Africa or the Karakum in Central Asia, for example—as well as underwater on the beds of rivers, lakes, and oceans. The varied shapes, sizes, and orientations of both modern dunes and those preserved in the geologic record tell of the conditions under which they formed, particularly the strengths and patterns of winds and ocean currents. This information offers us valuable windows into environments and climates at different places and at different times in Earth’s history.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021EO210684","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Diniega, S., Fenton, L., Neakrase, L., and Zimbelman, J.R., 2021, Planetary dunes tell of otherworldly winds: Eos, American Geophysical Union, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO210684.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-132753","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021eo210684","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diniega, S.","contributorId":238737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27365,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":206378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37319,"text":"SETI Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neakrase, Lynn","contributorId":190649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neakrase","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimbelman, James R.","contributorId":196265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228445,"text":"70228445 - 2021 - Migration strategies supporting salmonids in Arctic Rivers: A case study of Arctic Cisco and Dolly Varden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T12:50:56.637903","indexId":"70228445","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-22T06:48:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10106,"text":"Animal Migrations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration strategies supporting salmonids in Arctic Rivers: A case study of Arctic Cisco and Dolly Varden","docAbstract":"Amphidromous fish such as Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) have distinct life histories that facilitate their success in Arctic environments. Both species spawn in freshwater and make annual migrations between marine, brackish, or freshwater environments. Dolly Varden rear for one or more years in freshwater before migrating to sea whereas Arctic Cisco migrate to sea during their first summer. By contrast, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawn in freshwater, but once they smolt and go to sea they remain there until they mature and return to spawn. Salmon migrate at variable ages depending on species. Arctic marine environments offer productive food resources during summer, but during winter they are too cold for salmonids that lack antifreeze proteins. To avoid the cold sea during winter, Dolly Varden return to freshwater while Arctic Cisco overwinter in brackish estuaries. The lack of migration back to freshwater for overwintering helps explain why Pacific salmon success is limited in Arctic waters and suggests major increases in success will not be realized until Arctic seas provide suitable overwinter conditions. In this paper we contrast these migration strategies, discuss potential changes in a warming Arctic, and highlight information needs especially for juvenile fish.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/ami-2020-0115","usgsCitation":"Carey, M.P., von Biela, V.R., Brown, R., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2021, Migration strategies supporting salmonids in Arctic Rivers: A case study of Arctic Cisco and Dolly Varden: Animal Migrations, v. 8, no. 1, p. 132-143, https://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2020-0115.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"143","ipdsId":"IP-132448","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2020-0115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 68.56038368664157\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 68.56038368664157\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 72.63337363853837\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 72.63337363853837\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 68.56038368664157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, Michael P. 0000-0002-3327-8995 mcarey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8995","contributorId":5397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Michael","email":"mcarey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Randy J","contributorId":243248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Randy J","affiliations":[{"id":48666,"text":"USFWS, Fairbanks, Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228319,"text":"70228319 - 2021 - Host correlates of avian influenza virus infection in wild waterfowl of the Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T12:42:49.151581","indexId":"70228319","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-22T06:37:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host correlates of avian influenza virus infection in wild waterfowl of the Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are distributed globally in members of the family Anatidae (waterfowl), and significant disease may occur when these viruses infect commercial poultry or humans. Early detection of AIV through surveillance of wild waterfowl is one measure to prevent future disease outbreaks. Surveillance efforts that are designed to account for host and environmental determinants of susceptibility to infection are likely to be most effective. However, these determinants have not been clearly delineated and may vary with location. Because some regions are at greater risk for AIV outbreaks, the factors that contribute to AIV infection of waterfowl in these areas are of interest. We investigated the prevalence of AIVs in hunter-killed waterfowl at wintering sites in California's Central Valley. Overall, AIV prevalence was 10.5% and, after controlling for age and sex, was greatest in northern shovelers (Spatula clypeata) and lowest in wood ducks (Aix sponsa). Overall, AIV prevalence was higher in females than in males, but this trend was driven by one sampling year and one waterfowl species (green-winged teal, Anas crecca). AIV prevalence in waterfowl was lower in samples collected from brackish wetlands compared with those collected from freshwater wetlands, suggesting that wetland type or other environmental factors contribute to AIV prevalence. This study adds to our understanding of the ecology of AIV infection in waterfowl and may assist in developing more efficient, targeted surveillance efforts for the detection of potentially harmful viruses circulating in North American waterfowl.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hartpence, A., 2021, Landsat update special issue: Landsat 9, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-135687","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/index.php/landsat-missions/news/landsat-update-special-issue-landsat-9"},{"id":421644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartpence, Anya 0000-0002-4510-3236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-3236","contributorId":247379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartpence","given":"Anya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48475,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS EROS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70257014,"text":"70257014 - 2021 - SUAS and machine learning integration in waterfowl population surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-05T15:50:32.691376","indexId":"70257014","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-21T10:45:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SUAS and machine learning integration in waterfowl population surveys","docAbstract":"The rapid technological development of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) has led to an increase in capabilities of aerial image collection and analysis for monitoring a variety of wildlife species including waterfowl. Biologists mainly rely on conducting ocular surveys from fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters to estimate waterfowl abundance. sUAS provide an alternative that is safer, less expensive, and more flexible. Researchers have attempted to estimate waterfowl abundance from aerial imagery, but this method has proven to be too time consuming. Machine learning provides the opportunity to more efficiently estimate waterfowl abundance from aerial imagery. In this paper, we present a new integrated system of sUAS and machine learning for waterfowl population surveys. This system provides a user-friendly process for sUAS survey design, deployment, and data post-processing using deep learning methods to automatically detect and count waterfowl. To develop this system, we conducted many sUAS flights to capture a diversity of imagery and assembled six datasets of imagery taken from both fix-winged aircraft and sUAS flights. We used these datasets to develop and evaluate state-of-the-art deep learning models for waterfowl detection. Our system of using a combination of sUAS and machine learning has proved to be an efficient and accurate approach for collecting, analyzing, and estimating waterfowl abundance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2021 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2021 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)","conferenceDate":"November 1-3, 2021","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/ICTAI52525.2021.00084","usgsCitation":"Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y.Q., Shang, Y., Viegut, R., Webb, E.B., Raedeke, A., and Sartwell, J., 2021, SUAS and machine learning integration in waterfowl population surveys, in 2021 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), November 1-3, 2021, p. 517-521, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTAI52525.2021.00084.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-131231","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, Z.","contributorId":341913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":274978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Y. Q.","contributorId":221210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shang, Y.","contributorId":341914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viegut, R.","contributorId":341915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viegut","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raedeke, Andy","contributorId":341916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andy","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sartwell, J.","contributorId":341917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sartwell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70226913,"text":"70226913 - 2021 - Invasive sea lamprey detection and characterization using interdigitated electrode (IDE) contact sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T15:30:33.915647","indexId":"70226913","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-21T09:22:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9956,"text":"IEEE Sensors Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive sea lamprey detection and characterization using interdigitated electrode (IDE) contact sensor","docAbstract":"The ability to monitor invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes is critical to protecting the region’s $ 7 billion USD fishing industry and preserving its biodiversity. Monitoring these invaders requires considerable fieldwork and human power, making remote lamprey detection systems attractive for their continuous monitoring capabilities and potential for workload reduction. However, a lack of available methods for detecting sea lamprey hampers development of such systems. Here we present a sensor composed of two exposed planar interdigitated electrodes (IDE) along with a DC measurement system for the detection of lamprey attachment underwater. Measuring voltage instead of impedance, reduces cost and signal processing complexity, making the device more attractive for field deployment. The system is calibrated to a baseline output voltage and deviations from this baseline occur when objects touch the IDE. Validation was done through testing on live adult sea lampreys using video recordings to correlate lamprey attachments to the sensor response. Three response types were identified corresponding to different attachments: sustained, short and sliding-sustained. Sensor response to sustained and sliding-sustained attachments showed a characteristic exponential decay whereas the response due to short attachments was indistinguishable from measurement noise. Lamprey size was found to have a weak linear correlation with both response parameters, positive for the voltage drop and negative for the time constant of voltage drop. A representative circuit for the lamprey-sensor interaction is proposed and simulated using element values calculated from the response parameters. The response of the model shows agreement with experimental data.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2021.3122884","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Afanador, I., Shi, H., Holbrook, C., Tan, X., and Sepulveda, N., 2021, Invasive sea lamprey detection and characterization using interdigitated electrode (IDE) contact sensor: IEEE Sensors Journal, v. 21, no. 24, p. 27947-27956, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3122884.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27947","endPage":"27956","ipdsId":"IP-132564","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3122884","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tan, Xiaobo 0000-0002-5542-6266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-6266","contributorId":214765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Xiaobo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":828766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, Nelson","contributorId":264255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nelson","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226918,"text":"70226918 - 2021 - Characterizing methane emission hotspots from thawing permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T20:25:58.025504","indexId":"70226918","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-21T09:00:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing methane emission hotspots from thawing permafrost","docAbstract":"Methane (CH4) emissions from climate-sensitive ecosystems within the northern permafrost region represent a potentially large but highly uncertain source, with current estimates spanning a factor of seven (11–75 Tg CH4 yr−1). Accelerating permafrost thaw threatens significant increases in pan-Arctic CH4 emissions, amplifying the permafrost carbon feedback. We used airborne imaging spectroscopy with meter-scale spatial resolution and broad coverage to identify a previously undiscovered CH4 emission hotspot adjacent to a thermokarst lake in interior Alaska. Hotspot emissions were confined to <1% of the 10 ha lake study area. Ground-based chamber measurements confirmed average daily fluxes from the hotspot of 1,170 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, with extreme daily maxima up to 24,200 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Ground-based geophysical measurements revealed thawed permafrost directly beneath the CH4 hotspot, extending to a depth of ∼15 m, indicating that the intense CH4 emissions likely originated from recently thawed permafrost. Hotspot emissions accounted for ∼40% of total diffusive CH4 emissions from the lake study site. Combining study site findings with hotspot statistics from our 70,000 km2 airborne survey across Alaska and northwestern Canada, we estimate that pan-Arctic terrestrial thermokarst hotspots currently emit 1.1 (0.1–5.2) Tg CH4 yr−1, or roughly 4% of the annual pan-Arctic wetland budget from just 0.01% of the northern permafrost land area. Our results suggest that significant proportions of pan-Arctic CH4 emissions originate from disproportionately small areas of previously undetermined thermokarst emissions hotspots, and that pan-Arctic CH4 emissions may increase non-linearly as thermokarst processes increase under a warming climate.
Over the past 20 years, our understanding of volcanic eruption impacts on the built environment has transformed from being primarily observational with small datasets to one grounded in field investigations, laboratory experiments, and quantitative modeling, with an emphasis on stakeholder collaboration and co-creation. Here, we summarize key advances and knowledge gaps of impacts across volcanic hazards and built environment types from the past 20 + years. Studies have concentrated on impacts from tephra fall (ash) and to buildings, with less examination of other hazards’ impacts to critical infrastructure. As we look to the next decade, we speculate on likely research directions, including the increasing role of new technologies, higher resolution modeling, transdisciplinary collaborations, and evidence-based mitigative solutions.
Ecosystem structure and processes of coastal temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are thought to be strongly influenced by herbivory primarily of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and secondarily of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Two large (0.5-ha) exclosures were built in old-growth coniferous rainforest communities in Olympic National Park, Washington, during 1979 to study these effects. Cover of shrubs, ferns, herbs, and graminoids and numbers of tree seedlings were described over 36 yr. Results show a sequence following ungulate exclusion of early release of shrubs, ferns, and herbs followed by eventual dominance of shrubs as other vegetation layers become shaded. Short-term responses of individual species reflected functional traits related to ability to avoid or tolerate herbivory. Over the longer term, effects reflected changing competitive relationships among vegetation layers and other ecosystem dynamics such as the provision of fallen trees in the appropriate decay class to serve as establishment substrate for tree seedlings. In aggregate, vegetation composition shifted after 36 yr from a system dominated by herbaceous cover with a major graminoid component to one dominated by shrubs (5- to 6-fold absolute increase) and ferns (5–7% increase in absolute cover), less absolute herb cover (15–20% loss), and almost no graminoids (<1.5% cover remaining in any plot) after 36 yr. These changes represented a substantial loss in plant community diversity with a loss of 46 of 74 species. Elk abundance outside of the exclosures began to decline in the 1990s leading to parallel changes in plant community trajectories outside of exclosures to those initially seen inside. While this suggests plant community responses inside the exclosures were also driven by elk exclusion, the strength of this response depends on elk abundance.
The Taeniidae tapeworms are a family of helminths that have a similar life cycle, with intermediate hosts developing characteristic cysts in visceral organs. We describe here a case in Pennsylvania, USA, of fatal Versteria infection in a muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), which, to our knowledge, has not been reported to develop disease associated with infection. Postmortem examination revealed widespread tissue loss and replacement by solid-bodied cestode larvae with minimal adjacent inflammation in many visceral organs, most severe in the lungs, liver, and brain. Key morphologic features via histology included cephalic structures and short rostellar hooklets, which are characteristic for the genus. Genetic characterization confirmed the cestode as being an undescribed lineage of Versteria that has been implicated as the cause of severe morbidity and mortality in humans and nonhuman primates in North America. Considering the zoonotic significance of this pathogen, our report expands on the limited literature regarding disease caused by Versteria and emphasizes the need to identify the causative tapeworm more accurately, especially in rodent intermediate hosts given that previous reports do not have molecular confirmation of species.
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Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":219540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W. David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yabsley, Michael J.","contributorId":348805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yabsley","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Justin","contributorId":348806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226870,"text":"pp1842Q - 2021 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70226870,"text":"pp1842Q - 2021 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)","indexId":"pp1842Q","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"Q","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T21:19:17.061738","indexId":"pp1842Q","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-20T14:29:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1842","chapter":"Q","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)","docAbstract":"The key to Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) management is providing large grasslands and wetlands, particularly those that can support high densities of voles (Microtus species). Short-eared Owls have been reported to use habitats with 30–90 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 7–47 cm visual obstruction reading, 31–85 percent grass cover, 8–26 percent forb cover, less than 18 percent shrub cover, 43 percent litter cover, and 1–2 cm litter depth.
Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
To quantify fine-scale Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) staging and spawning habitat selection and preference within a recently restored reach of the Kootenai River, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, integrated acoustic telemetry data with two-dimensional hydraulic model simulations within a 1.5-kilometer reach of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, northern Idaho. Twenty-seven individual Kootenai River white sturgeon were detected in the study reach during May 6–June 30, 2017. The largest concentration of fish positions occurred near the edge of the gravel bar adjacent to the right bank pool-forming structure and additional concentrations of fish positions occurred near two recently constructed rock substrate clusters. The difference in preferred and available depth distributions quantifies that Kootenai River white sturgeon generally preferred depths of 7–11.5 meters, deeper than the most frequently available depths. About 71 percent of the detections occurred within the lower one-third of the water column, placing Kootenai River white sturgeon at or near the channel bed. The difference in available and preferred water velocities indicated that Kootenai River white sturgeon generally preferred a wide range of velocities from 0.0 to 1.0 meters per second, and generally preferred velocities that were less than the most frequently occurring available velocities. Kootenai River white sturgeon generally preferred the downstream part of the study area where water velocities were less than those in the upstream part. This study concludes that Kootenai River white sturgeon generally avoided shallow areas with increased velocities and generally favored deep areas with lower velocities near recently constructed restoration structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., Dudunake, T.J., McDonald, R.R., Hardy, R.S., Young, S., Ireland, S., and Hoffman, G.C., 2021, Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fine-scale habitat selection and preference, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5132, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215132.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 21 p; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105165","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396731,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5132/sir20215132.XML","description":"SIR 2021-5132"},{"id":393132,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97TMY3D","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"White sturgeon fine-scale habitat model archive, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2017"},{"id":393131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5132/sir20215132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5132"},{"id":393130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5132/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396944,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5132/images"},{"id":402990,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215132/full","description":"SIR 2021-5132"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bonners Ferry","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.6802978515625,\n 48.58205840283824\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 48.58205840283824\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -116.6802978515625,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -116.6802978515625,\n 48.58205840283824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Populations of federally endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir (hereinafter, Clear Lake), California, are experiencing long-term decreases in abundance. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing not only due to adult mortality, which is relatively low, but also because they are not being balanced by recruitment of young adult suckers into known adult spawning aggregations.
Long-term monitoring of juvenile sucker populations is conducted to (1) determine if there are annual and species-specific differences in production, survival, and growth, (2) better understand when juvenile sucker mortality is greatest, and (3) help identify potential causes of high juvenile sucker mortality particularly in Upper Klamath Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey monitoring program, that began in 2015, tracks cohorts through summer months and among years in Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. Data on juvenile suckers captured in trap nets are used to provide information on annual variability in age-0 sucker apparent production, juvenile sucker apparent survival, apparent growth, species composition, and health.
Upper Klamath Lake indices of year-class strength indicated that the 2019 year-class was the strongest in the past 5 years of monitoring. Low detections of age-1 and older suckers indicate that the 2018 cohort experienced poor survival within the first year of life. Shortnose suckers constituted the smallest proportion and suckers with uncertain species identification constituted the largest proportion of the 2019 year-class. Small numbers of Lost River sucker were captured consistently throughout the sampling season.
The relative abundance of age-0 suckers is not a good indicator of year-class strength in Clear Lake. There were no age-0 suckers captured in Clear Lake during the 2015 and 2019 sampling seasons. Most suckers captured were age-1 Klamath largescale/shortnose suckers, which indicated a relatively strong 2018 cohort. Four-year old juveniles from the 2015 cohort were present in 2019 in Clear Lake. Cohorts that do not recruit to our sampling gear until a year or more of age seem to indicate that (1) a stream resident life history is contributing to the lake population and (2) juvenile suckers occupy the Willow Creek drainage for a full year or more. Although these suckers could be either the non-endangered Klamath largescale or the endangered shortnose suckers, a stream resident life history is consistent with these fish being Klamath largescale suckers. Survival of all distinguishable taxa of juvenile suckers is much higher in Clear Lake than in Upper Klamath Lake, with non-trivial numbers of suckers surviving to join spawning aggregations in most years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Bart, R.J., Kelsey, C.M., Burdick, S.M., Hoy, M.S., and Ostberg, C.O., 2021, Growth, survival, and cohort formation of juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2019 Monitoring Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1119, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211119.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125594","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1119/ofr20211119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1119"},{"id":393119,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1119/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16384887695312,\n 42.21733067375916\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 42.21733067375916\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 42.595554553719204\n ],\n [\n -122.16384887695312,\n 42.595554553719204\n ],\n [\n -122.16384887695312,\n 42.21733067375916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25473022460936,\n 41.78052894057897\n ],\n [\n -121.04324340820312,\n 41.78052894057897\n ],\n [\n -121.04324340820312,\n 41.94621306986162\n ],\n [\n -121.25473022460936,\n 41.94621306986162\n ],\n [\n -121.25473022460936,\n 41.78052894057897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Flow management is complex in the Willamette River Basin where the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers owns and operates a system of 13 dams and reservoirs (hereinafter Willamette Project), which are spread throughout three large tributaries including the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and Santiam Rivers. The primary purpose of the Willamette Project is flood-risk management, which provides critical protection to the Willamette Valley, but flow managers must also consider factors such as power generation, water-quality improvement, irrigation, recreation, and protection for aquatic species such as U.S. Endangered Species Act-listed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss). Flow-management decision-making in the basin can benefit from models that allow for flow-scenario comparisons and a wide range of modeling methods are available. For this study, we examined existing datasets and modeling efforts in the basin and provided an overview of available options. Most previous studies used Physical Habitat Simulation System, habitat data were collected from a series of transects within modeled reaches, and habitat suitability indices were obtained from the literature, or using expert opinion. These studies provide information for specific reaches of the Willamette River Basin, which limits their ability to provide broad-scale predictive capability. Recent efforts to develop a two-dimensional hydraulic model in the mainstem Willamette River, and in specific reaches of primary tributaries downstream from Project dams, have bolstered modeling capabilities in the basin. This work has developed spatially continuous water depth and velocity data in more than 250 kilometers (km) of river downstream from Project dams and has predictive capability throughout the year at flows up to normal peak levels. Additionally, other methods are described for estimating habitat availability, which include habitat suitability criteria, logistic regression, occupancy and abundance modeling, and energetic based approaches. There are strengths and weaknesses to each approach and selection of the preferred approach in the Willamette River Basin will depend on the desired metrics of interest and the risk tolerance of managers and stakeholders in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Perry, R.W., Hansen, G.S., White, J., Stratton Garvin, L., and Wallick, J.R., 2021, Synthesis of habitat availability and carrying capacity research to support water management decisions and enhance conditions for Pacific salmon in the Willamette River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1114, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211114.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127909","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393073,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1114/ofr20211114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1114"},{"id":393072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1114/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 45.79050946752472\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 45.79050946752472\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016