Umnak Island is a dumbbell-shaped island in the eastern part of the Aleutian Islands. The island is 70 miles long and trends northeast-southwest. During 1946 volcano investigations were begun on the island and geologic mapping of most of northeastern Umnak Island was completed.
Okmok Volcano, a large, broad volcanic mountain rising to altitudes of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, occupies the central portion of northeastern Umnak Island. Fort Glenn, and Army airbase, is situated on the eastern end of the island, approximately 9 miles east of Okmok Volcano.
The central part of Okmok Volcano is indented by Okmok caldera, a large cliff-rimmed volcanic depression, 7%, miles in maximum diameter. The floor of the caldera is 1,500 to 2,500 feet below the caldera rim. Nine large cinder cones and many small ones lie on the caldera floor, chiefly along two arcuate zones. The caldera is drained by Crater Creek, which flows through a deep gorge cut in the northeastern wall of the caldera, and into Bering Sea.
Mount Tulik (4,111 feet altitude) and Mount Idak (1,918 feet altitude) arc important centers of ancient volcanism on the flanks of Okmok Volcano.
The geologic history of Okmok Volcano falls into three stages: The first includes the upbuilding of an ancient cone—Mount Okmok—to an altitude of at least 6;500 feet on the site of the present caldera; the second encompasses the destruction in a castastrophic eruption of the summit cone and the formation of the caldera; the third comprises events since the great eruption.
The earliest activity at Mount Okmok probably dates hack to the late Tertiary period. A composite cone, concave-sided in profile, was built by the alternate eruption of ash, coarse pyroclastics, and basalt flows. During the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity at Mount Okmok was greatly reduced and a topography of late youth was carved on the lower slopes by streams and valley glaciers. The summit of Mount Okmok was upwarped and dikes and necks were injected into the resulting fractures.
A large volcano at the site of Mount Idak was active during part of the period of upbuilding at Mount Okmok but became extinct during the middle Pleistocene. A parasitic vent, Mount Tulik, became active during the late Pleistocene and built a steep-sided cone before it became extinct, shortly before the formation of Okmok caldera.
A cataclysmic eruption terminated the period of dissection at Mount Okmok, 10,000 or more years ago. Part of the summit was blown away by the explosive violence of this eruption. Nuees ardentes (glowing clouds) and mudflows deposited tuff-breccia and agglomerate in the glacial valleys; later phases of the eruption blanketed the landscape with ash. Near the end of the eruption, the remaining upper part of the volcano collapsed along arcuate fractures: large blocks subsided several thousand feet and are now concealed in the caldera Poor beneath later deposits. A large arcuate fault block which subsided less than other blocks stands above the floor in the northeastern part of the caldera.
After the eruption, water collected in the caldera, forming a lake. Small but frequently active cones built islands in the lake and covered its bottom with pyroclastic debris. The lake eventually overflowed the lowest point in the rim of the caldera, and Crater Creek Gorge was carved, draining the lake and dissecting its deposits. Renewed movement along faults at the head of Crater Creek Gorge later raised a harrier which temporarily dammed the drainage and formed a second caldera lake.
Readjustments among subsided blocks in the caldera floor resulted in the folding of postcaldera deposits at several localities.
Much of the caldera floor has been covered by lava flows extruded from several cones since the draining of the first caldera lake. In general, however, volcanic activity seems to have declined since the great caldera-forming eruption. Seven eruptions from cones on the caldera floor have been recorded since 1817; the latest occurred in 1945.
As part of the geochemical program for the study of Okmok Volcano, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and samples of the products of the volcanic activity were analyzed. Average temperatures of fumaroles at one source of the 1945 lava low dropped from 320° C. on July 19 to 90° C. on September 5. The temperatures of fumaroles associated with the crater vents on both Cones A and C ranged from 95° C. to 97\" C., which is slightly below the condensation point of steam, indicating the presence of minor quantities of gases other than steam. The magmatic gases of fumaroles on Cone A consisted of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in about equal amounts. The lack of halogen acid gases in the fumaroles and the steadily dropping temperatures arc interpreted as indicating that the present quiescence of Cone A will continue for many months. Solid reaction products from areas of fumarolic activity on Cone A are sulfates of sodium, calcium, and iron. The presence of hydrogen sulfide as the dominant sulfur gas at Cone C is interpreted as indicating the dying stages of the present cycle of activity of Cone C.
Thermal springs along the north base of Cone D have a total discharge of 115 cubic feet per second. Their average temperature is approximately 7° C. above the annual mean. From these figures it is calculated that about 21,000 kilogram calories per second are being given off by Cone D. The spring waters contain minute quantities of boron which is indicative of a magmatic source for a small part of the water. Hence, Cone D though quiescent is not extinct. Evidence is presented to show that most of the spring water from Cone D is meteoric in origin.
Thermal waters in the southwestern part of Umnak Island at Hot Springs Cove and south of Geyser Bight contain lithium, boron, arsenic, and antimony in solution. These elements are regarded as derived from underlying magmas that are in an advanced state of crystallization and hence not likely to give rise in the near future to large-scale volcanic activity.
Three portable seismographs were placed on the flanks of Okmok Volcano and were in operation during most of the period from June 1 to October 1. During this period several slight tremors and one moderate tremor, all of distant origin, were registered, but no tremors attributable to Okmok Volcano were recorded. The lack of tremor records, however, may have been due more to the insensitivity of the instruments than to the absence of tremors.
Earth-current investigations were carried on during August and September by comparison of records obtained from a base station at Fort Glenn with those from a station 1 V2 miles southwest of Mount Tulik. The records obtained indicate that no difference in magnitude or direction of earth currents existed between the Fort Glenn and Mount Tulik areas. The similarity of record obtained is indicative of the absence of a disturbing factor such as a large body of live magma beneath Okmok Volcano.
Future eruptions of Okmok Volcano are expected to he of mild to moderate intensity, and will he chiefly in the form of ash falls from vents inside the caldera. There would be a great menace—in the form of lava flows, nuees ardentes, and mudflows—to installations at Fort Glenn if a new center of volcanism came into existence on the east slope of Okmok Volcano. Small postcaldera cones now exposed there indicate that extra-caldera eruptions have occurred in the recent past and can be expected in the future. The possibility of another catastrophic eruption of the caldera-forming type, however, is remote.
Okmok Volcano should be kept under close observation, partly because of its possible threat to Fort Glenn and partly because it is a readily accessible locale for accumulating information on details of volcanic processes, applicable to other volcanoes in the Aleutian arc and elsewhere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan Volcano Investigations Report No. 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70210288","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., Hopkins, D., Wier, K.L., and Fisher, B., 1947, Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210288.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report.pdf"},{"id":396452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93423.htm"},{"id":396453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -167.81341552734375,\n 53.38824275010831\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.533778184257805\n ],\n [\n -167.98095703125,\n 53.571307377413326\n ],\n [\n -168.4039306640625,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.4423828125,\n 53.31282653094477\n ],\n [\n -168.60992431640625,\n 53.28984728016674\n ],\n [\n -168.82415771484375,\n 53.15665305315798\n ],\n [\n -168.85162353515625,\n 53.04616682440388\n ],\n [\n -169.04937744140625,\n 52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -169.11529541015625,\n 52.82434224121616\n ],\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":270390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, K. L.","contributorId":106864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bernard","contributorId":280071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222224,"text":"70222224 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:29:27.363676","indexId":"70222224","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:19:07","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"18","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geological Survey Party No. 4 was assigned an investigation of the Ikpikpuk and Titaluk Rivers and East Fork of the Ikpikpuk River mainly for the purpose of obtaining stratigraphic information which would be of use in determining the parts of the Upper Cretaceous sequence that underlie the areas investigated by United Geophysical Company parties 43 and 46.
A total of five days were spent in geological investigations of the Titaluk River with a Cub plane equipped with pontoons. The party was composed of the geologist and Don Hulshizer, pilot of Wien Alaska Airlines. The geologist and Ronald K. Sorem, field assistant, traversed the Ikpikpuk River by boat from the junction of Maybe Creek and the Kigalik River to near the junction of the East Fork. From the northernmost point reached by boat traverse, the river was examined by plane to north of latitude 70° N., but no outcrops or rubble indicating bedrock were seen. The East Fork was also examined from the air but no outcrops or rubble were observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222224","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 18, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222224.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401411,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74570.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk rivers area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222223,"text":"70222223 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:56.795851","indexId":"70222223","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:05:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"17","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey Party 3 studied the geology of the Utukok River area and conducted a short reconnaissance of the Corwin-Cape Beaufort Region during the period May 12 to August 31, 1947. The upper part of the Utukok River was examined for several miles on either side while the lower, or Coastal Plain-portion, was necessarily limited to the few outcrops along the river.
During this study, the major emphasis was placed upon rocks of Upper Cretaceous age and their relationships to the underlying Lower Cretaceous rocks. All macrofossils, and numerous samples for porosity, heavy mineral, and microfossil determinations were collected.
A triangulation net was established by theodolite from Camp. 1 near the headwaters of the river to the mouth of Carbon Creek. The survey started and ended on measured base lines, and stations were determined by intersection and resection. Stations were selected, insofar as possible, on points that could be pin pricked on aerial photographs where adequate coverage was available, Horizontal control was computed for cartographic purposes. Vertical differences were computed from an elevation at Camp 1 assumed at 2,000 feet above sea level based upon two different airplane altimeter readings.
Most of the country is too rough for wheel landings with the exception of several gravel bars in the river between Camp 6 and the coast. Pontoon landings with a Cub plane can be made at most places on the river.
Driftwood, Adventure, Disappointment, Carbon, and Elusive Creeks are the main tributaries to the Utukok. At various localities, terrace gravels are common on divides of these streams. A terrace north of Driftwood Creek and about ten miles east of Camp 2 is covered with a deposit of gravel which is apparently, thick and is spread over an irregular area about two miles long and a half mile wide. A thin tundra cover obscures what is probably a much larger continuation of the gravel deposit. With favorable conditions plane landings could be made, but with a little construction work a commercial size airfield could be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222223","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.M., and Barksdale, W.L., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 17, Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222223.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401408,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401409,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74569.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Utukok River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Raymond M.","contributorId":82760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barksdale, W. L.","contributorId":14052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222221,"text":"70222221 - 1947 - Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:22.771944","indexId":"70222221","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T13:40:19","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222221","usgsCitation":"Thurrell, R.F., 1947, Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 15, Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222221.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74674.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401402,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57079,"text":"ofr4813 - 1947 - Reconnaissance report on geology of Eklutna Lake dam site and conduit route near Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T11:28:58","indexId":"ofr4813","displayToPublicDate":"1947-01-01T09:21:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-13","title":"Reconnaissance report on geology of Eklutna Lake dam site and conduit route near Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"Summary and Recommendations
\n1. Eklutna Lake and Eklutna Creek lie in a wide, deep, glaciated, trough-like valley. Downstream from the lake, this valley is partially filled with unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits.
\n2. Eklutna Lake dam site, located about 400 feet below the lake outlet, is suitable for a low dam of flexible, earth-embankment type. Adequate control of the stream can be obtained by raising the lake level about 50 feet to altitude 910 feet, which will provide hold-over storage from wet years to dry years. Such a structure will have a crest length of about 1,950 feet.
\nA. Bedrock is probably 200 to 475 feet below stream bed at the proposed axis. The dam will rest on glacial deposits of till, clay, sand and gravel, and on deposits of lake-shore and alluvial fan gravels.
\nB. Geologic conditions in the area of the right abutment, as yet imperfectly known, may make necessary a long, deep cutoff extending for an unknown distance beyond the north end of the dam.
\nC. A foundation exploration program is recommended that includes deepening test pit No. 1 and drill hole No. 2, and drilling 11 new holes. It is suggested that one drill hold near the center of the valley be taken to bedrock to give a complete picture of the fill materials underlying the foundation.
3. Delivery of water from the forebay of the reservoir to the powerhouse eight miles downvalley by means of a conduit is regarded as infeasible because: difficult terrain of the route will require earthwork more extensive than the volume of the dam; the route is subject to land slides, and will require expensive maintenance; it is more or less completely exposed to adverse winter conditions that may engender icing conditions; and it is easily subject to sabotage. It is recommended that the water be taken to the powerhouse through a rock tunnel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Great Falls, MT","doi":"10.3133/ofr4813","usgsCitation":"Bateman, A., 1947, Reconnaissance report on geology of Eklutna Lake dam site and conduit route near Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-13, Report: 82 p.; Figures 2-5, 7: 25.34 x 13.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4813.","productDescription":"Report: 82 p.; Figures 2-5, 7: 25.34 x 13.48 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"100","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289627,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":289628,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/figure-4.pdf"},{"id":289630,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/figure-3.pdf"},{"id":289631,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/figure-5.pdf"},{"id":289632,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/figure-7.pdf"},{"id":289633,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0013/report.pdf"},{"id":289634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","otherGeospatial":"Eklutna Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.3142,58.984 ], [ -153.3142,62.0035 ], [ -147.9858,62.0035 ], [ -147.9858,58.984 ], [ -153.3142,58.984 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7804e4b0abf75cf2c7ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, A. F. Jr.","contributorId":24411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"A. 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(See fig. 1.) They are in an area of moderate relief in in which some hills are a little more than 500 feet high. Much of the area is covered with glacial drift and dense vegetation. Muskegs are numerous. Outcrops are scarce and are confined mostly to steep slopes, stream beds, and places where development work has been done on the ore deposits. Topographic, geologic, and magnetic surveys of the vicinities of the ore deposits were made by the Geological Survey in 1943, and a brief examination of a portion of the underground workings at the Rush and Brown mine was made in 1944.
The area is underlain principally by greenstone which has been intruded by bodies of pyroxenite, gabbro, and diorite. Foliation in the greenstone is obscure. post of the intrusive bodies trend northwesterly.
The principal ore deposits are veins containing chiefly pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. A few deposits of copper-bearing magnetite have been found. Most of these are small, but a larger one at the Rush and Brown mine has been mined for its copper and precious metals.
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D.","contributorId":96669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wedow, Helmuth Jr.","contributorId":14374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedow","given":"Helmuth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, J.B.","contributorId":51390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16352,"text":"ofr4317 - 1946 - Mineral deposits at Orange Hill, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T18:11:08.413364","indexId":"ofr4317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"43-17","title":"Mineral deposits at Orange Hill, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4317","usgsCitation":"Van Alstine, R.E., and Black, R.F., 1946, Mineral deposits at Orange Hill, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 43-17, Report: 28 p.; 1 Plate: 26.64 × 25.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4317.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 1 Plate: 26.64 × 25.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400523,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7881.htm"},{"id":45274,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1943/0017/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1943/0017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1943/0017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Orange Hill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.892,\n 62.194\n ],\n [\n -142.8,\n 62.194\n ],\n [\n -142.8,\n 62.258\n ],\n [\n -142.892,\n 62.258\n ],\n [\n -142.892,\n 62.194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63598c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Alstine, Ralph Erskine","contributorId":12472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Alstine","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Erskine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Robert F.","contributorId":12504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222257,"text":"gp5 - 1946 - Preliminary map showing total magnetic intensity in part of Naval Petroleum Reserve no. 4, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T13:47:29.755128","indexId":"gp5","displayToPublicDate":"1946-12-31T16:22:50","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Preliminary map showing total magnetic intensity in part of Naval Petroleum Reserve no. 4, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp5","usgsCitation":"1946, Preliminary map showing total magnetic intensity in part of Naval Petroleum Reserve no. 4, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 5, 1 Plate: 18.77 x 19.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp5.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.77 x 19.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484762,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0005/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3449.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"750000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.5,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -150.5,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -150.5,\n 71.25\n ],\n [\n -158.5,\n 71.25\n ],\n [\n -158.5,\n 68.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Rossman, Darwin L.","contributorId":94663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossman","given":"Darwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837702,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. E.","contributorId":49330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837703,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byers, F. M.","contributorId":50141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837704,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton, M. S. Jr.","contributorId":14040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837705,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balsley, J. R.","contributorId":288310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balsley","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837706,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thurmond, R.","contributorId":288311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurmond","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837707,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222252,"text":"70222252 - 1946 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Topagoruk, Meade, and Kuk Rivers, and Point Barrow, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:17:49.244522","indexId":"70222252","displayToPublicDate":"1946-12-31T15:03:20","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"7","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Topagoruk, Meade, and Kuk Rivers, and Point Barrow, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222252","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1946, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Topagoruk, Meade, and Kuk Rivers, and Point Barrow, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 7, Report: 14 p.; 1 Figure: 25.85 x 27.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222252.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Figure: 25.85 x 27.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222252/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222252/report.pdf"},{"id":396964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74565.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Point Barrow, Topagoruk, Meade, and Kuk Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.1833,\n 69.3833\n ],\n [\n -157,\n 69.3833\n ],\n [\n -157,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -160.1833,\n 71.4167\n ],\n [\n -160.1833,\n 69.3833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210409,"text":"70210409 - 1946 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Killik, Chandler, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:05:30.42295","indexId":"70210409","displayToPublicDate":"1946-12-31T14:53:04","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Killik, Chandler, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report deals with results of field and laboratory studies carried out to May 1946 by the Geological Survey, largely as part of the Navy Department's program of petroleum investigations in northern Alaska. The immediate purpose of the work has been to collect and interpret stratigraphic and structural data pertinent to drilling in the Umiat area.
Field studies were made during the summers of 1944 and 1945 in the drainage areas of the Colville, Killik, Chandler, and. Anaktuvuk Rivers (fig. 1). Paleontologic and microlithologic studies, together with stratigrahica1 and structural analysis of the areas, were carried out in the petroleum laboratory in Fairbanks. This work led. to preparation of a preliminary report submitted. in December, 1945.
Additional detailed studies, in the Survey laboratories and offices in Washington, D. C., have resulted in some modification of earlier conclusions and changes in illustrations. The changes are minor and have no significant bearing on drilling in the Umiat area.
The present report is accompanied. by revised conies of figures 1, 2, 3 (sheet 1) and. 5. These illustrations should be substituted for the comparable figures of the preliminary report. Figures 3 (sheet 2), 4, and. 6 of the earlier report stand unchanged and should, be added to the illustrations accompanying the present report.
It is believed that work to date has revealed the general geologic picture of the area and. that the sequence of Upper Cretaceous rocks is established. The section of rocks in Umiat Test No. 1 has been approximately located within the sequence.
This report, and the work on which it is based was done under the supervision of George O. Gates, who has contributed. much to the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210409","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Warner, L., Kirschner, C.E., Gryc, G., Stefansson, K., Webber, E.J., Fellows, R.E., Chapman, R.M., and Bressler, C.T., 1946, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Killik, Chandler, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 1, Report: 32 p.; 12 Figures: 40.32 x 70.08 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210409.","productDescription":"Report: 32 p.; 12 Figures: 40.32 x 70.08 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74593.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401081,"rank":15,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-8.pdf","text":"Figure 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401080,"rank":14,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-7.pdf","text":"Figure 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401079,"rank":13,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-6.pdf","text":"Figure 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401078,"rank":12,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-5-2.pdf","text":"Figure 5 Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401077,"rank":11,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-5-1.pdf","text":"Figure 5 Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401076,"rank":10,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-4-south.pdf","text":"Figure 4 South","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401075,"rank":9,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-4-north.pdf","text":"Figure 4 North","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401074,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-3-2.pdf","text":"Figure 3 Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401073,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-3-1.pdf","text":"Figure 3 Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401072,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-2-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2 Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401071,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-2-1.pdf","text":"Figure 2 Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401070,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210409/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anaktuvuk River, Chandler River, Colville River, River, Killik River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T. G.","contributorId":284853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"T. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, L.A.","contributorId":99611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirschner, C. E.","contributorId":116415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gryc, George","contributorId":23942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gryc","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fellows, R. 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The stratigraphy of the area was already fairly well known from earlier investigations. The main object of this investigation was to delineate, in as much detail as possible, the Umiat anticline in the are of Umiat Test No. 1.
Outcrops in the Umiat area are few. Direct compass readings for strikes and dips of bedding cannot be trusted since cross-bedding. slumping, and frost-heaving are the rule rather than the exception. `structural data was obtained by use of a plane table and alidade by the three-point method. On the accompanying geologic map many of the strikes and dips shown were obtained by solving three-point problems. Additional structural data was obtained by mapping structural traces.*
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222251","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., and Whittington, C.L., 1946, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Umiat anticline: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 6, Report: 6 p.; 3 Plates: 48.05 x 34.20 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222251.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 3 Plates: 48.05 x 34.20 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401619,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222251/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401618,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222251/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401617,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222251/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74564.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222251/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umiat anticline","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.5,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151.816,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151.816,\n 69.4667\n ],\n [\n -152.5,\n 69.4667\n ],\n [\n -152.5,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittington, C. L.","contributorId":33310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittington","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222250,"text":"70222250 - 1946 - Preliminary report on geologic investigations in the Maybe Creek area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:10:51.675328","indexId":"70222250","displayToPublicDate":"1946-12-31T14:30:58","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"5","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on geologic investigations in the Maybe Creek area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222250","usgsCitation":"Ray, R.G., and Fischer, W., 1946, Preliminary report on geologic investigations in the Maybe Creek area, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 5, Report: 9 p.; 3 Plates: 36.99 x 39.08 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222250.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 3 Plates: 36.99 x 39.08 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401614,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222250/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222250/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401615,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222250/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74563.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222250/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222250/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Maybe Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.1667,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -153.1667,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -153.1667,\n 69.4667\n ],\n [\n -154.1667,\n 69.4667\n ],\n [\n -154.1667,\n 69.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, R. G.","contributorId":117223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, William A.","contributorId":47787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":837692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222083,"text":"70222083 - 1946 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:24:01.910966","indexId":"70222083","displayToPublicDate":"1946-11-01T16:27:50","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"1","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"U. S. Geological Survey Party No. 4 covered the area between 68° 30' and 69° 08' N. latitude and between 154° and 155°20' W. longitude during the period May 18 to September 2. Traverses were confined mainly to the valleys of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers inasmuch as very little rock is exposed in the interstream areas. This report is limited to the Colville River valley area between the Kura and Killik Rivers, and to a stratigraphic section exposed. on the Kurupa 7-12 miles south of the Colville.
A final report will be prepared by April 1, 1947, on the total area and will include discussions of the stratigraphy and structure of Upper Cretaceous formations A through D on the Oolamnagavik and Kurupa, the stratigraphy of Formation D on the Colville, and the Lower Cretaceous and Triassic rocks. Separation and identification of heavy minerals from the sandstones and conglomerates, binocular and petrographic microscope examinations of specimens, identification of megafossils, and separation and identification of microfossils, if any, will be undertaken. Detailed examination of all aerial photos will be made to trace out structures and formations in the adjacent areas to the east, north, and west. It seems probable that close correlation between this area, the Killik River area, and Maybe Creek area will be possible by extrapolating field and aerial photo data. It is possible also to trace structures and some formation westward from the Kurupa River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222083","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R., and Thurrell, R.F., 1946, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 1, Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 51.68 x 36.09 inches and 9.71 x 31.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222083.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 51.68 x 36.09 inches and 9.71 x 31.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74562.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kurupa, Colville, and Oolamnagavik Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.25,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -155.25,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Robert M.","contributorId":81888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220484,"text":"70220484 - 1946 - Structural control of ore deposition at Kasaan Peninsula, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T15:41:42.249065","indexId":"70220484","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-31T10:35:21","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Structural control of ore deposition at Kasaan Peninsula, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Copper‐bearing magnetite deposits and associated copper deposits at Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, have been known for many years and have been mined to some extent for their copper content. At the beginning of World War II, the development of war industries in the Pacific northwest focused attention on the deposits as possible sources of iron ore. From 1942 through 1944 the United States Geological Survey made detailed studies of most of the ore deposits and at a few of the more promising localities diamond‐drilling operations were carried on by the United States Bureau of Mines. The deposits are for the most part small and irregular but of relatively high grade. The chief ore minerals are magnetite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite, and the gangue consists largely of skarn minerals, including garnet, epidote, diopside, and hornblende. The deposits are presumably of pyrometasomatic origin, but whereas deposits of this type are commonly replacement bodies in limestone, at Kasaan Peninsula limestone seemingly was a poor host rock for the ore.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR027i005p00712","usgsCitation":"Warner, L., and Goddard, E.N., 1946, Structural control of ore deposition at Kasaan Peninsula, southeastern Alaska, v. 27, no. 5, p. 712-712, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR027i005p00712.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasaan Penninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.5775146484375,\n 55.42277902267131\n ],\n [\n -132.0721435546875,\n 55.42277902267131\n ],\n [\n -132.0721435546875,\n 55.67138928829547\n ],\n [\n -132.5775146484375,\n 55.67138928829547\n ],\n [\n -132.5775146484375,\n 55.42277902267131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, L.A.","contributorId":99611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, E. N.","contributorId":77158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047958,"text":"tei25 - 1946 - Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T12:59:30","indexId":"tei25","displayToPublicDate":"1946-01-22T15:13:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A significant content of radioactive material was recognized in a few placer concentrates from Sweepstakes and Rube Creeks in the Koyuk district of eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, when old collections were scanned for radioactivity in the spring of 1945. Subsequent field investigations with a Geiger-Mueller counter were made of the creek gravels and the placer-gold paystreak on the bench ground of Sweepstakes Creek and its tributaries, the syenite stock of Granite Mountain to the north, of Sweepstakes Creek, and the creek gravels of Rube and Anzac Creeks which are tributaries of the Peace River east of the syenite stock.
\nThe content of radioactive minerals in the gravels and in the placer-gold paystreak was found to be disappointingly low. There concentration ratios were between 45 and 169 to 1, the content of concentrates from the creek gravels is only .001 to .016 percent equivalent uranium the average content of the creek gravels in place is computed as .0001 percent equivalent uranium. The placer-gold paystreak was not accessible in place, but the content was computed as .0003 percent equivalent uranium from the sluice-box concentrates and tailings at Winder's open-cut,the only active placer mine in the area in 1945. The radioactive minerals are relatively abundant in such gravity concentrates as the sluice-box concentrates, and are particularly abundant in certain size fractions of these sluice concentrates Thus the concentrates from the aluiee-fcex, after screening through 20-mesh, showed 0.04 percent equivalent uranium. An even greater concentration of radioactive minerals is\nobtained in the \"blowings,\" which represent a further cleaning of the sluice-box concontrates, one saample showing 14.20 percent equivalent uranium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tei25","usgsCitation":"Gault, H.R., Black, R.F., and Lyons, J.B., 1946, Trace elements investigations in the Sweepstakes Creek area, Koyuk district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 25, Report: 30 p.; 2 Plates: 20.68 x 27.36 inches and 20.85 x 41.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei25.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 2 Plates: 20.68 x 27.36 inches and 20.85 x 41.34 inches","numberOfPages":"33","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279912,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/report.pdf"},{"id":279913,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":279914,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/025/plate-3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anzac Creek;Seward Peninsula;Sweepstakes Creek;Rube Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 168.6072,63.9760 ], [ 168.6072,66.6878 ], [ -159.1589,66.6878 ], [ -159.1589,63.9760 ], [ 168.6072,63.9760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522f2579e4b091aa92f494d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, H. Richard","contributorId":60109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Robert F.","contributorId":12504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, John B.","contributorId":68801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}