Many seismically active regions occur throughout the world as concentrated zones surrounded by the relatively stable crust of shields or platforms. Examples occur in central and eastern North America, northeastern Brazil, Australia, Norway, Svalbard, Greenland, and other places. Some of these zones, such as those at New Madrid, Missouri, and in the St. Lawrence Valley on the Canadian border, extend over relatively large areas and are marked by a high level of seismicity. Others, such as that near Anna Ohio, are smaller, and the level of activity is lower. Some zones are occasinoally sites for major earthquakes which, if they are in populated regions, can cause widespread destrucion and loss of life.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, B.J., 1991, Mid-continent earthquake zones; lessons from New Madrid, Missouri: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 120-123.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.58526611328125,\n 36.6254475139069\n ],\n [\n -89.43832397460938,\n 36.640875904982344\n ],\n [\n -89.43008422851562,\n 36.49749349301181\n ],\n [\n -89.57290649414062,\n 36.49418152677429\n ],\n [\n -89.59625244140625,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -89.58526611328125,\n 36.6254475139069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f942e4b0946c6524073e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, B. J.","contributorId":167029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168943,"text":"70168943 - 1991 - The volcanic record that gets away","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T16:36:00","indexId":"70168943","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The volcanic record that gets away","docAbstract":"Volcanologists are accustomed to looking at the record in the rocks to read volcanic history. They map the extent of airfalls, the thickness and distribution of ignimrites and mudflows, and the nature and extent of lava flows. From these data they infer the story of previous eruptive episodes that are a key to what we may expect in the future. BUt some important volcanic events are not recorded. Without observations at present-day active volcanoes we would know little about the volcanic gas emitted, the kidns of gases, or the volume and the extent o the gas cloud.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, R., 1991, The volcanic record that gets away: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 147-148.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005f5e4b015c306fd0fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, R.E.","contributorId":51020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoiber","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188411,"text":"70188411 - 1991 - Organizations challenged by global database development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T13:00:51","indexId":"70188411","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1721,"text":"GIS World","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organizations challenged by global database development","docAbstract":"Several international programs have identified the need for a global 1-kilometer spatial database for land cover and land characterization studies. In 1992, the US Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), the European Space Agency (ESA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will collect and archive all 1-kilometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data acquired during afternoon orbital passes over land.
A conference on Antarctica: an Exploitable Resource too Valuable to Develop? took place at the Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian studies at the University of London in either late 1989 or early 1990. The papers were compiled into this small book (only 104 pages of text exclusive of useful appendices containing maps, texts of the Antarctic treaty and the Convention on the regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activity [CRAMRA]) which addresses the hottest issues confronting the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties in the early 1990’s. Some of the discussion is being overtaken by events, but fortunately, the general quality and broadness of the coverage will make the book useful to diplomats, historians, international lawyers, scientists and other environmentalists for some time to come.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0954102091220544","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 1991, Book review: The future of Antarctica: Antarctic Science, v. 3, no. 4, p. 452-452, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102091220544.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"3","issue":"4","publicComments":"A review of: The future of Antarctica, Grahame Cook (ed), Manchester University Press, Manchester (1990), 168 pages. ISBN 0-7190-3449-3.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a5de4b0da30c1bfd7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188409,"text":"70188409 - 1991 - Taking back the desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:53:48","indexId":"70188409","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5416,"text":"GPS World","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking back the desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lund, H.G., Jasumback, A., Allison, R., and Falconer, A., 1991, Taking back the desert: GPS World, v. 2, no. 6, p. 24-31.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad70fe4b0764e6c60218a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, H. Gyde","contributorId":192744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gyde","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jasumback, A.","contributorId":192745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasumback","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, R.","contributorId":192746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falconer, A.","contributorId":192747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falconer","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138474,"text":"70138474 - 1991 - High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T11:03:32.56789","indexId":"70138474","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of the Quicksands, located along a broad ridge on the platform shelf west of Key West, Florida, indicate a significant deposit of non-oolitic carbonate sand occurs in a belt 47 km long by 28 km wide. The surface of the belt is ornamented by large (5 m), migrating tidal bars, oriented in a north-south direction, on which sand waves, oriented in an east-west direction, are superimposed. Some of the sand waves are awash at low tide. The sand waves are formed by strong reversing tidal currents flowing between the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida. The waves migrate directly over Pleistocene bedrock to the east, but the deposit thickens to the west and sand waves there overlie non-oolitic Holocene accumulations as thick as 12 m. Westward-dipping accretionary bedding indicates that net migration of the sands is to the west, despite north-south movement of tidal currents. The westward edge of the accumulation has accreted over deeper, muddier deposits. Although tidal currents and resultant bedforms appear identical to those of active ooid deposits in the Bahamas and elsewhere, no oolitically coated grains were found in this study. Thin-section analyses show the principal component (average 48%) of the sands is fragmented plates of species of the green alga Halimeda , followed by particulate coral (average 17%), which increases off the flanks of the main sand body. Short vibracores confirm the presence of cross-bedding.
Adult male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were banded in summer 1987 with reward bands of different dollar values (0-$400) to determine the lowest dollar value that would yield a reporting rate approaching 1.0. During the 1987-88 and 1988-89 hunting seasons, rewards of between 50 and $100 were required to yield a reporting rate near 1.0. We estimated reporting rate of standard bands to be 0.32. Reward bands with 5 and $10 values produced reporting rates that were 1.5-2.0 times as large as those of standard bands. We developed a linear-logistic model to predict reporting rate as a function of the dollar value of reward bands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809248","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Blohm, R.J., Reynolds, R.E., Trost, R.E., Hines, J.E., and Bladen, J.P., 1991, Band reporting rates for mallards with reward bands of different dollar values: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809248.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Manitoba, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 60.07447191699069\n ],\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 49.072399839653144\n ],\n [\n -94.59611396634088,\n 49.072399839653144\n ],\n [\n -94.59611396634088,\n 60.07447191699069\n ],\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 60.07447191699069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bladen, Judith P.","contributorId":26773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bladen","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70015049,"text":"70015049 - 1991 - Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T07:24:31","indexId":"70015049","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Lower Permian (Leonardian) De Chelly Sandstone crops out along a north-south trend on the Defiance Plateau of eastern Arizona. It is divided into lower and upper members separated by a tongue of the Supai Formation that pinches out to the north.
Lithofacies in the De Chelly Sandstone consist of (1) a large-scale trough to tabular- and/or wedge-planar cross-stratified sandstone facies of large-scale eolian dune origin, (2) a small- to medium-scale, trough cross-stratified sandstone also of eolian dune origin, (3) a horizontally stratified, wind-rippled sandstone of sand sheet origin, (4) a wavy, horizontally stratified, wind-rippled sandstone of sabkha origin, and (5) a mud-draped ripple-laminated sandstone of mud-flat origin.
The De Chelly Sandstone in the northern Defiance Plateau consists mainly of large-scale dune deposits. Stratigraphic sections in the middle of the plateau are dominated by small- to medium-scale dune and sand sheet deposits whereas those along the southern end of the plateau are composed largely of sabkha and supratidal mud-flat deposits. The lateral distribution of these facies suggests a north-south juxtaposition of central-erg, fore-erg, and mixed sabkha-supratidal depositional environments. Repetitive interbedding of facies in the De Chelly indicates at least twelve depositional cycles in which sabkha and/or supratidal to coastal-plain mud-flats were sequentially overridden by eolian sand sheets and cross-stratified dunes.
Lateral and vertical facies relations within the lower and upper members of the De Chelly Sandstone record episodic expansion of the De Chelly erg southward, The comparative abundance of large-scale dune deposits in the upper member suggests that progradation was more extensive during latter stages of deposition. The intervening tongue of Supai Formation and the redbeds that overlie the upper member of the De Chelly at Bonito Canyon document northward transgression of sabkha and supratidal to coastal-plain mud-flat environments. Eolian dune deposition was restricted to the northern Defiance Plateau during deposition of these units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Stanesco, J., 1991, Sedimentology and cyclicity in the Lower Permian De Chelly Sandstone on the Defiance Plateau: Eastern Arizona: Mountain Geologist, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rmag/mg/1991/stanesco.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Defiance Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -109.05853271484374,\n 36.30848550829368\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 36.30848550829368\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 35.721987809328716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a99e4b08c986b317284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanesco, J. D.","contributorId":91246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanesco","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015015,"text":"70015015 - 1991 - Changes in thermodynamic conditions of the Ahuachapán reservoir due to production and injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T10:53:46","indexId":"70015015","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in thermodynamic conditions of the Ahuachapán reservoir due to production and injection","docAbstract":"Since large-scale exploitation of the Ahuachapán reservoir began in 1975 large changes in the reservoir thermodynamic conditions have occurred. Drawdown of up to 15 bars and significant temperature changes have been observed in the wellfield. Temperatures have declined due to boiling in the reservoir in response to the pressure drawdown; localized and minor cooling due to reinjection of spent geothermal fluids have also been observed. There are indications of cold fluid influx deep into the reservoir from the west and north. Reservoir temperatures show that a significant amount of hot fluid recharge comes to the wellfield from the southeast, and temperatures also indicate that the recharge rate has increased with time as pressure declines in the reservoir. Chemical analyses of the produced fluids show that most wells are fed by a mixture of geothermal fluids and cooler, less-saline waters. The cold water inflow has increased due to exploitation, as demonstrated by decreased salinity of the produced fluids.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(91)90003-E","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Steingrimsson, B., Aunzo, Z., Bodvarsson, G., Truesdell, A., Cuellar, G., Escobar, C., and Quintanilla, A., 1991, Changes in thermodynamic conditions of the Ahuachapán reservoir due to production and injection: Geothermics, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(91)90003-E.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k97077w","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f437e4b0c8380cd4bbec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steingrimsson, B.","contributorId":98884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingrimsson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aunzo, Z.","contributorId":101020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunzo","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truesdell, A.","contributorId":51919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuellar, G.","contributorId":22094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuellar","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Escobar, C.","contributorId":18513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escobar","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quintanilla, A.","contributorId":45056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintanilla","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70015064,"text":"70015064 - 1991 - Controls on the composition of fluvial sands from a tropical weathering environment: Sands of the Orinoco River drainage basin, Venezuela and Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T23:10:00.640753","indexId":"70015064","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on the composition of fluvial sands from a tropical weathering environment: Sands of the Orinoco River drainage basin, Venezuela and Colombia","docAbstract":"Fluvial sands in the Orinoco River drainage basin fall into three main compositional groupings: (1) sands of subarkose and arkose composition, from high-relief parts of the Guayana Shield, where crystalline rocks are exposed; (2) sands of litharenite and sub-litharenite composition from the active orogenic belt at the western and northwestern margins of the drainage basin, and in those parts of the Llanos (Andean foreland basin) proximal to the mountain belt; and (3) sands of quartz-arenite composition, widespread throughout the remainder of the basin. Multicycle sands of quartz-arenite composition are produced from platform cover on parts of the elevated shield and from uplifted foreland-basin fill in the eastern Llanos. First-cycle sands of quartz-arenite composition are produced from granitic rocks on low-relief regions of the Guayana Shield and from reworked Holocene alluvium in parts of the western Llanos distal to the orogenic terranes.
Erosion in the Orinoco River drainage basin may be described in terms of transport-limited and weathering-limited denudation regimes. In active orogenic terranes and in parts of the elevated shield, transport processes can remove weathered material as rapidly as it is produced by chemical weathering. Thin soils and short soil-mineral residence time result in sands that are incompletely chemically weathered and accurately reflect source-rock composition. In the orogenic terranes, subtle variations in source-rock lithology are preserved in sand composition. In contrast, in low-relief parts of the Guayana Shield and on flat erosion surfaces of the upland shield, weathering exceeds the rate at which transport processes can remove weathered material. Thick soils accumulate, soil-mineral residence time is long, and detritus is highly altered chemically. On much of the lowland Guayana Shield, upper soil layers consist of nearly pure quartz sand that erodes to produce first-cycle fluvial sand of quartz-arenite composition.
Chemically weathered orogenically derived sand enters the Orinoco River on the left bank, while feldspathic shield-derived sand enters on the right bank. This geometry is responsible for the nearly total lack of longitudinal variation in sand composition along the 1,400-km length of the Orinoco River mainstem. Except in the upper 100 km of the Orinoco River mainstem, cross-channel heterogeneity in sand composition is also modest. Nevertheless, a weighted linear least-squares modeling approach suggests that sand moves down the Orinoco River mainstem in distinct pulses, perhaps corresponding to times of accelerated erosion in headwater regions. Because rivers that head in the orogenic terranes and traverse the Llanos contribute more than 99% of the sand in the lower Orinoco River mainstem, the composition of this sand is dominated by chemically weathered sands from the Llanos. The Orinoco River—the third largest river in the world—delivers first-cycle sands of quartz-arenite composition to its delta.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1622:COTCOF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnsson, M.J., Stallard, R., and Lundberg, N., 1991, Controls on the composition of fluvial sands from a tropical weathering environment: Sands of the Orinoco River drainage basin, Venezuela and Colombia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 12, p. 1622-1647, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1622:COTCOF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1622","endPage":"1647","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia, Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.37322,-0.15203],[-75.80147,0.0848],[-76.29231,0.41605],[-76.57638,0.25694],[-77.42498,0.39569],[-77.66861,0.82589],[-77.85506,0.80993],[-78.85526,1.38092],[-78.99094,1.69137],[-78.61783,1.7664],[-78.66212,2.26736],[-78.42761,2.62956],[-77.93154,2.69661],[-77.51043,3.32502],[-77.12769,3.84964],[-77.49627,4.08761],[-77.3076,4.66798],[-77.53322,5.58281],[-77.31882,5.84535],[-77.47666,6.69112],[-77.88157,7.22377],[-77.75341,7.70984],[-77.43111,7.63806],[-77.24257,7.93528],[-77.47472,8.52429],[-77.35336,8.6705],[-76.83667,8.63875],[-76.08638,9.33682],[-75.6746,9.44325],[-75.6647,9.774],[-75.48043,10.61899],[-74.9069,11.08304],[-74.27675,11.10204],[-74.19722,11.31047],[-73.41476,11.22702],[-72.62784,11.73197],[-72.23819,11.95555],[-71.75409,12.4373],[-71.39982,12.37604],[-71.13746,12.11298],[-71.33158,11.77628],[-71.36001,11.53999],[-71.94705,11.42328],[-71.62087,10.96946],[-71.63306,10.44649],[-72.07417,9.86565],[-71.69564,9.07226],[-71.26456,9.13719],[-71.04,9.85999],[-71.35008,10.21194],[-71.40062,10.96897],[-70.1553,11.37548],[-70.29384,11.84682],[-69.94324,12.16231],[-69.5843,11.45961],[-68.883,11.44338],[-68.23327,10.88574],[-68.19413,10.55465],[-67.29625,10.54587],[-66.22786,10.64863],[-65.65524,10.2008],[-64.89045,10.07721],[-64.32948,10.3896],[-64.31801,10.64142],[-63.07932,10.70172],[-61.88095,10.71563],[-62.73012,10.42027],[-62.38851,9.9482],[-61.58877,9.87307],[-60.8306,9.38134],[-60.67125,8.58017],[-60.1501,8.60276],[-59.75828,8.36703],[-60.55059,7.7796],[-60.63797,7.415],[-60.29567,7.04391],[-60.544,6.85658],[-61.15934,6.69608],[-61.13942,6.2343],[-61.4103,5.95907],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.27,2.49701],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-67.06505,1.13011],[-67.26,1.72],[-67.53781,2.03716],[-67.86857,1.69246],[-69.81697,1.71481],[-69.8046,1.08908],[-69.21864,0.98568],[-69.25243,0.60265],[-69.4524,0.70616],[-70.01557,0.54141],[-70.02066,-0.18516],[-69.57707,-0.54999],[-69.42049,-1.12262],[-69.4441,-1.55629],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-70.39404,-3.76659],[-70.69268,-3.74287],[-70.04771,-2.72516],[-70.81348,-2.25686],[-71.41365,-2.3428],[-71.77476,-2.16979],[-72.32579,-2.43422],[-73.07039,-2.30895],[-73.6595,-1.26049],[-74.1224,-1.00283],[-74.4416,-0.53082],[-75.10662,-0.05721],[-75.37322,-0.15203]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colombia\"}}]}","volume":"103","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd4e4b0c8380cd4dfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnsson, M. J.","contributorId":106919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundberg, N.","contributorId":48712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundberg","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015046,"text":"70015046 - 1991 - Flexural extension of the upper continental crust in collisional foredeeps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T11:50:21.761856","indexId":"70015046","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexural extension of the upper continental crust in collisional foredeeps","docAbstract":"Normal faults on the outer slopes of trenches and collisional foredeeps reveal that high-amplitude lithospheric flexure can result in inelastic extensional deformation of the convex side of a flexed plate. This process, which we call \"flexural extension,\" differs fundamentally from rifting in that the lower lithosphere contracts while the upper lithosphere extends. In the Taconic foreland of New York, a >100-km-wide zone of brittle failure propagated ahead of the convergent plate boundary, rupturing the upper crust to an estimated depth of 15-20 km. Dip-slip displacement on normal faults in the Taconic and Arkoma foredeeps produced water depths like those in the closest modern analogue, the Timor Trough. Structural evidence does not support common illustrations of flexural normal faults as planar-irrotational structures which simply die out at shallow crustal depths. Instead, the surface geology shows that flexural normal faulting must be rotational with respect to the enveloping surface of the flexed plate. This toppled domino geometry implies the presence at depth of a detachment or zone of distributed ductile simple shear where fault displacement and block rotation are accommodated.
No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and ore deposits of the Great Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada ","usgsCitation":"Hardyman, R., John, D., and Oldow, J.S., 1991, Tectonic framework of the central Walker Lane region: Yerington to Tonopah, Nevada, chap. of Geology and ore deposits of the Great Basin, p. 5-35.","productDescription":"31 p. ","startPage":"5","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e7540be4b09da6799c0cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardyman, R.F.","contributorId":35326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardyman","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oldow, J. S.","contributorId":9716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014930,"text":"70014930 - 1991 - Variation of organic sulfur in macerals of selected Illinois Basin coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T16:02:53.945345","indexId":"70014930","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of organic sulfur in macerals of selected Illinois Basin coals","docAbstract":"An electron microbeam technique was used to determine the distribution of organic sulfur in the main macerals of five Illinois Basin coals. On average, sporinites are the highest, inertinites the lowest, and vitrinites intermediate in organic sulfur for each coal. The observed differences are likely due to varying affinities of the different pre-maceral materials for sulfur and/or local variation in the production of H2S primarily during the peat stage. Investigation of molecular structures of individual macerals in relation to the findings of this study may delineate the relative abundance of organic sulfur in various organic compounds and thus lead to the development of efficient desulfurization processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(91)90116-2","usgsCitation":"Demir, I., and Harvey, R., 1991, Variation of organic sulfur in macerals of selected Illinois Basin coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 4, p. 525-533, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(91)90116-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"533","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224119,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc170e4b08c986b32a58a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demir, I.","contributorId":93214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demir","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.D.","contributorId":56371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015050,"text":"70015050 - 1991 - Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur isotope studies in the Juneau gold belt, southeastern Alaska: Constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:24:42.783106","indexId":"70015050","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur isotope studies in the Juneau gold belt, southeastern Alaska: Constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids","docAbstract":"The delta 18 O values of gold-bearing quartz from the Juneau gold belt range from 15.2 to 20.8 per mil, indicating that ore fluid values ranged from 7.2 to 12.8 per mil at an estimated temperature of 300 degrees C. Hydrothermal micas from many of the deposits are characterized by delta D values of -75 to -53 per mil, and ore fluids were calculated to have values of -35 to -15 per mil. In contrast, extracted fluid inclusion waters have a broad range of delta D values, from -48 in relatively undeformed quartz to about -110 per mil for some of the more deformed quartz veins. This range of more than 60 per mil reflects various mixtures from inclusions containing isotopically heavy, primary ore fluids and those containing low-temperature, isotopically light meteoric waters that were trapped in late fractures during uplift of the veins to shallow crustal levels. These results indicate a deep crustal source for the ore fluids, most likely of metamorphic origin. Values of delta D for muscovite, biotite, and hornblende from country rocks, as well as of delta 18 O for quartz-feldspar and quartz-plagioclase, provide little evidence of deep circulation of meteoric water along the length of the gold belt.The provinciality of delta 34 data suggests a regional metamorphic fluid of approximately -6 per mil that acquired much of its sulfur from lithologies near sites of ore deposition. Sulfur ratios of sulfide minerals from auriferous quartz range from -17.8 to -5.6 per mil in black phyllite hosts, from -6.0 to -1.3 per mil in less reduced metasedimentary rocks, and from -3.8 to +1.2 per mil in relatively oxidized igneous rocks. The regional fluid is interpreted to have driven desulfidation reactions in relatively 34 S-depleted sulfur reservoirs in the phyllites and 34 S-enriched reservoirs in the more oxidized lithologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.86.1.66","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Newberry, R., Pickthorn, W., and Gent, C.A., 1991, Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur isotope studies in the Juneau gold belt, southeastern Alaska: Constraints on the origin of hydrothermal fluids: Economic Geology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 66-80, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.86.1.66.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72bce4b0c8380cd76c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newberry, R.J.","contributorId":50558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pickthorn, W.J.","contributorId":95458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickthorn","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gent, C. A.","contributorId":17955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015065,"text":"70015065 - 1991 - Petrogenesis and geological history of a uranium source rock: a case study in northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T13:09:28.91328","indexId":"70015065","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis and geological history of a uranium source rock: a case study in northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A small (4 km2) drainage basin in northeastern Washington contains highly uraniferous groundwater and highly uraniferous peaty sediments of Holocene age. The U is derived from granitic bedrock that underlies the entire drainage basin and that contains 9–16 ppm U. This local bedrock was studied by petrographic, chemical and isotopic methods to determine conditions of its petrogenesis and post-emplacement history that may have contributed to its present high U content and source-rock capability. The original magma was derived by anatexis of Precambrian continental crust of probable mixed metaigneous and metasedimentary character. Mineral-melt partitioning controlled the enrichment of U in chemically evolved phases of the crystallizing melt. Following emplacement in the upper crust at ∼100Ma, the pluton interacted with meteoric-hydrothermal water at ambient temperatures 300°C. Locally intense fracturing promoted alteration, and fracturing and alteration probably continued during later regional uplift in the Eocene. Regional uplift was followed by low-temperature alteration and weathering in the middle to late Tertiary. The combined result of hydrothermal alteration and low-temperature alteration and weathering was the redistribution of U from primary mineral hosts such as allanite to new sites on fracture surfaces and in secondary minerals such as hematite. Zones of highly fractured and altered rock show the most obvious evidence of this process. A model is proposed in which high-angle fractures beneath the drainage basin were the sites of Tertiary supergene enrichments of U. Recent glacio-isostatic uplift has elevated these older enriched zones to shallow levels where they are now being leached by oxidizing groundwater. The chemistry, mineralogy, texture and geological history of this U source-rock suggest criteria for locating other granitic terrane that may contain uraniferous waters and associated young surficial U deposits. The details of U distribution and mobility at this site also apply to the general topic of U mobility in granitic rocks.
Belize is a small country but it offers a safe haven for the largest number of manatees in the Caribbean. The authors' survey in 1989 revealed that there has been no apparent decline since the last study in 1977. However, there is no evidence for population growth either and as the Belize economy develops threats from fisheries, human pressure and declining habitat quality will increase. Recommendations are made to ensure that Belize safeguards its manatee populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0030605300034189","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Salisbury, C., 1991, Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean: Oryx, v. 5, no. 3, p. 156-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300034189.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, C.A.","contributorId":49311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014807,"text":"1014807 - 1991 - Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:16:57.363709","indexId":"1014807","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)","title":"Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)","docAbstract":"The nutritional value of Artemia nauplii from the Great Salt Lake was effectively improved for larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) by incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids (20: 5n-3 and 22: 6n-3) into the nauplii by the direct method of enrichment. Survival at 24 days post-hatch increased from 23% to 64% when fish were fed nauplii containing 8.24% lipid as 20: 5n-3 and 3.10% as 22: 6n-3 fatty acids. Growth of the larval fish was significantly improved by a diet of fatty acid enriched nauplii. Fatty acid composition of the larvae reflected the composition of the fed nauplii. Results suggested a requirement by larval striped bass for long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids and an inability, at this stage of development, to elongate and desaturate the shorter chain fatty acids in sufficient amounts to meet this requirement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(91)90292-F","usgsCitation":"Lemm, C.A., and Lemarie, D.P., 1991, Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA): Aquaculture, v. 99, no. 1/2, p. 117-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90292-F.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014790,"text":"1014790 - 1991 - Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Zostera marina on the west coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T15:52:23.936189","indexId":"1014790","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Zostera marina on the west coast of North America","title":"Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Zostera marina on the west coast of North America","docAbstract":"The relation between environmental factors and leaf morphology of Zostera marina L. have long been unclear, primarily because the species is intrinsically variable. The common-garden method was used to determine the genetic, environmental, and interaction components of leaf size variation. Zostera marina consists of several ecotypes with a wide range of phenotypic plasticity. Variation in the morphology of Z. marina was of three types: genetic, accounting for 14% across the localities studied; environmental (phenotypic plasticity along temporal and spatial gradients), accounting for 32%; and interaction between genotype and environmental, acounting for 35%. Five ecotypes were described for the North American Pacific coast: Z. marina L. var. izembekensis Backman, Z. marina L. var. typica Setchell, Z. marina L. var. phillipsii Backman, Z. marina L. var. latifolia Morong, Z. marina L. var. atàm Backman. Temporal variation was due to seasonal phenotypic changes in ecotypes. Zostera marina var. izembekensis showed little seasonal morphological changes; Z. marina var. typica demonstrated minor increase in leaf size in spring and summer. Zostera marina var. phillipsii and Z. marina var. latifolia behaved similarly in that leaf size of both increased markedly in spring through early summer. Zostera marina var. phillipsii is adapted to Hood Canal and Puget Sound while Z. marina var. latifolia occupies the outer coast. Zostera marina var. atàm exhibits sexual reproduction exclusively and is specifically adapted to the Gulf of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/b91-176","usgsCitation":"Backman, T.W., 1991, Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Zostera marina on the west coast of North America: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 69, p. 1361-1371, https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-176.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1361","endPage":"1371","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Backman, T. W. H.","contributorId":84307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008520,"text":"1008520 - 1991 - The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T17:02:11.932762","indexId":"1008520","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","title":"The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976–1988","docAbstract":"A total of 144 sites in the Red Hills Physiographic Province in south-central Alabama, USA, were surveyed in 1988 for burrows of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti. Of 92 sites surveyed in 1976, no change occurred in the habitat at 54 sites, conditions improved at 19 sites and deteriorated at 18 sites following selective or clear cutting. An additional 14 of 52 sites not surveyed in 1976 were adversely affected by logging. Burrows were most often found on high (
We simulated mark–recapture experiments to evaluate a method for estimating fishing mortality and migration rates of populations stratified at release and recovery. When fish released in two or more strata were recovered from different recapture strata in nearly the same proportions, conditional recapture probabilities were estimated outside the [0, 1] interval. The maximum likelihood estimates tended to be biased and imprecise when the patterns of recaptures produced extremely \"flat\" likelihood surfaces. Absence of bias was not guaranteed, however, in experiments where recapture rates could be estimated within the [0, 1] interval. Inadequate numbers of tag releases and recoveries also produced biased estimates, although the bias was easily detected by the high sampling variability of the estimates. A stratified tag–recapture experiment with sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was used to demonstrate procedures for analyzing data that produce biased estimates of recapture probabilities. An estimator was derived to examine the sensitivity of recapture rate estimates to assumed differences in natural and tagging mortality, tag loss, and incomplete reporting of tag recoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-035","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Rago, P., 1991, Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008525,"text":"1008525 - 1991 - Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008525","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Florida Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ludlow, M., and Walsh, S., 1991, Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 54, no. 1, p. 48-50.","productDescription":"p. 48-50","startPage":"48","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008526,"text":"1008526 - 1991 - Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:08:16","indexId":"1008526","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"McKnight, M., Dodd, C., and Spolsky, C., 1991, Protein and mitochondrial DNA variation in the salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti: Herpetologica, v. 47, p. 440-447.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892849"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, M.L.","contributorId":86726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spolsky, C.M.","contributorId":80619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spolsky","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008530,"text":"1008530 - 1991 - The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:48:08","indexId":"1008530","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède","docAbstract":"Routine metabolism of the euryhaline cyprinodontid Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede was measured at a series of ambient salinities ranging from fresh water through 100‰. Fish used had been sequentially acclimated to the test salinities (ambient temperature of 20±1° C and a 12: 12 L: D schedule).
\nRoutine metabolic rates were highest at ambient salinities from 15 to 50‰. Metabolism was somewhat lower at ambient salinities less than 15‰, and showed a sequential decline at ambient salinities greater than 50‰. It is suggested that routine metabolism is depressed at elevated salinities by reduced O, transfer, a consequence of maintenance of hydromineral balance in hypersaline waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03097.x","usgsCitation":"Nordlie, F., Walsh, S., Haney, D.C., and Nordlie, T., 1991, The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 38, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03097.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordlie, F.G.","contributorId":71930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordlie","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordlie, T.F.","contributorId":37686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordlie","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008531,"text":"1008531 - 1991 - An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:41:46","indexId":"1008531","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","docAbstract":"Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and contaminant residue findings were unremarkable. Nonspecific lesions of congestion and hemorrhage were identified in brain tissue. Numerous reports were also received of manatee morbidity. Some distressed manatees showed no biochemical lesions in clinical analyses of blood samples and recovered quickly. Timing of manatee illnesses coincided with fish and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) mortality and morbidity. A widespread bloom of the dinoflagellate red tide organism (Gymnodinium breve) also coincided with these incidents. G. breve produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins). Circumstantial evidence links these events, and possible routes of exposure may include ingestion of filter-feeding ascidians. Ecological conditions that magnified the extent of the epizootic included an early dispersal of manatees into the area from a nearby winter aggregation site and unusually high salinities that facilitated the inshore spread of the red tide bloom. Management responses to future episodes of red tide in manatee areas are suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Rathbun, G.B., Bonde, R., Buergelt, C., and Odell, D., 1991, An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 165-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buergelt, C.D.","contributorId":21913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buergelt","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odell, D.K.","contributorId":32119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008533,"text":"1008533 - 1991 - Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:55:47","indexId":"1008533","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida","docAbstract":"Photographs of distinctively scarred manatees (Trichechus manatus) were taken at aggregation sites throughout Florida and assembled into a catalog for identifying individuals. Resightings of known manatees in different years or at different locations enabled us to document site fidelity and long-distance movements. Of the 891 individuals included in the catalog as of August 1986, 470 (53%) were resighted at least once. We documented 219 cases of seasonal returns to specific aggregation sites and 98 instances of movements between areas. Movements in excess of 820 km were documented for individuals on the east coast of Florida. Rapid movements south during early winter, as well as northerly spring movements, verify a seasonal migration pattern for many individuals along Florida's east coast. The wide-ranging migratory habits of manatees in Florida must be considered if meaningful management strategies are to be developed and implemented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., Rathbun, G.B., and Wilcox, J., 1991, Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, J.R.","contributorId":14349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}