{"pageNumber":"4362","pageRowStart":"109025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184900,"records":[{"id":70016711,"text":"70016711 - 1991 - Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:52:31","indexId":"70016711","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin were examined in order to study and quantify soil development during the Quaternary. Soils of all four areas are developed in gravelly alluvial fans in semiarid climates with 8 to 40 cm mean annual precipitation. Lithologies of alluvium are granite-gneiss at Silver Lake, granite and basalt at Cima Volcanic Field, limestone at Kyle Canyon, and siliceous volcanic rocks at Fortymile Wash. Ages of the soils are approximated from several radiometric and experimental techniques, and rates are assessed using a conservative mathematical approach. Average rates for Holocene soils at Silver Lake are about 10 times higher than for Pleistocene soils at Kyle Canyon and Fortymile Wash, based on limited age control. Holocene soils in all four areas appear to develop at similar rates, and Pleistocene soils at Kyle Canyon and Fortymile Wash may differ by only a factor of 2 to 4. Over time spans of several millennia, a preferred model for the age curves is not linear but may be exponential or parabolic, in which rates decrease with increasing age. These preliminary results imply that the geographical variation in rates within the southern Great Basin-Mojave region may be much less significant than temporal variation in rates of soil development. The reasons for temporal variation in rates and processes of soil development are complexly linked to climatic change and related changes in water and dust, erosional history, and internally driven chemical and physical processes. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Taylor, E.M., Hill, C., Mark, R.K., McFadden, L.D., Reheis, M., Sowers, J., and Wells, S.G., 1991, Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin: Quaternary Research, v. 35, no. 3 PART 1, p. 383-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7.","startPage":"383","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266500,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7"},{"id":224798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3 PART 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9546e4b0c8380cd818f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, E. M.","contributorId":55842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, C.","contributorId":88801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McFadden, L. D.","contributorId":15765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wells, S. G.","contributorId":81257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70016709,"text":"70016709 - 1991 - Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016709","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989","docAbstract":"An aerial videotape mapping system was used to monitor spatial and temporal variability of the coastal morphology along the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline. Between 1984 and 1989, nine sequential annual and post-hurricane aerial videotape surveys were flown covering periods of prolonged fair weather, hurricane impacts, and subsequent post-storm recovery. Morphologic time series were developed to depict spatial and temporal geomorphic changes along the Isles Dernieres low-profile transgressive barrier island system. The net effect of Hurricanes Danny and Juan, in 1985, was the transformation of a high relief landscape dominated by well-vegetated dunes, dune terraces, and washover terraces to one dominated by partially-vegetated washover terraces and unvegetated washover flats. In 1988, Hurricane Gilbert caused extensive geomorphic changes in the central Isles Dernieres where the low-relief, less-vegetated islands were more susceptible to storm-surge processes. Post-storm island morphodynamics were characterized by a gradual build up of the low-relief landforms to high-profile features. The greatest post-storm recovery consistently occurred in areas of greater island width and relief. In addition, the rate of post-storm recovery was controlled by the regional setting of individual islands relative to sand supply. The degree of post-storm recovery was consistently greater in areas where hurricane impact had caused greatest geomorphic change.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '91","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628086","usgsCitation":"Debusschere, K., Penland, S., Westphal, K.A., McBride, R.A., and Reimer, P.D., 1991, Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '91, Seattle, WA, USA, 25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991, p. 1137-1151.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1151","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e33e4b0c8380cd7087a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Debusschere, Karolien","contributorId":73344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debusschere","given":"Karolien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westphal, Karen A.","contributorId":92435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":6466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimer, P. Douglas","contributorId":53533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016643,"text":"70016643 - 1991 - Rock chemistry and fluid inclusion studies as exploration tools for ore deposits in the Sila batholith, southern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:46:17.131533","indexId":"70016643","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock chemistry and fluid inclusion studies as exploration tools for ore deposits in the Sila batholith, southern Italy","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>The Sila batholith is the focus of an extensive petrogenetic research program, which includes an assessment of its potential to host granite-related ore deposits. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to major- and minor-element rock geochemical data. The analysis indicates that the highest potential for mineralization occurs in corundum-normative, peraluminous, unfoliated, relatively late-stage plutons. The plutons are enriched in Rb, Nb, Ta and U, but depleted in Fe, Mg and Sr. The K/Rb, Ba/Rb, Rb/Sr and Rb<sup>3</sup>/Ba·Sr·K indices and high<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>-factor scores of Si-K-Rb are typical of mineralized granitic rocks.</p><p>A reconnaissance fluid inclusion study indicates that the sub-solidus rock was infiltrated by solutions of widely different temperatures (50–416°C) and variable salinities (0 to ∼26 wt.% NaCl equivalent). The higher-temperature solutions probably represent granite or magmatic-related Hercynian fluids, whereas the lower-temperature fluids may be either Hercynian or Alpine in age. Fluids with characteristics typical of mineralized “porphyry” systems have not been recognized.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90044-U","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"de Vivo, B., Ayuso, R., Belkin, H., Lima, A., Messina, A., and Viscardi, A., 1991, Rock chemistry and fluid inclusion studies as exploration tools for ore deposits in the Sila batholith, southern Italy: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 40, no. 1-3, p. 291-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90044-U.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aade8e4b0c8380cd86fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, A.","contributorId":74884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Messina, A.","contributorId":84084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Viscardi, A.","contributorId":14579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viscardi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016776,"text":"70016776 - 1991 - The longevity of the South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T01:13:21.878301","indexId":"70016776","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The longevity of the South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly","docAbstract":"<p><span>The South Pacific is anomalous in terms of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios of its hot spot basalts, a thermally enhanced lithosphere, and possibly a hotter mantle. We have studied the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope characteristics of 12 Cretaceous seamounts in the Magellans, Marshall and Wake seamount groups (western Pacific Ocean) that originated in this South Pacific Isotopic and Thermal Anomaly (SOPITA). The range and values of isotope ratios of the Cretaceous seamount data are similar to those of the island chains of Samoa, Tahiti, Marquesas and Cook/Austral in the SOPITA. These define two major mantle components suggesting that isotopically extreme lavas have been produced at SOPITA for at least 120 Ma. Shallow bathymetry, and weakened lithosphere beneath some of the seamounts studied suggests that at least some of the thermal effects prevailed during the Cretaceous as well. These data, in the context of published data, suggest:</span></p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(1)|SOPITA is a long-lived feature, and enhanced heat transfer into the lithosphere and isotopically anomalous mantle appear to be an intrinsic characteristic of the anomaly.</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(2)|The less pronounced depth anomaly during northwesterly plate motion suggests that some of the expressions of SOPITA may be controlled by the direction of plate motion. Motion parallel to the alignment of SOPITA hot spots focusses the heat (and chemical input into the lithosphere) on a smaller cross section than oblique motion.</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(3)|The lithosphere in the eastern and central SOPITA appears to have lost its original depleted mantle characteristics, probably due to enhanced plume/lithosphere interaction, and it is dominated by isotopic compositions derived from plume materials.</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(4)|We speculate (following D.L. Anderson) that the origin of the SOPITA, and possibly the DUPAL anomaly is largely due to focussed subduction through long periods of the geological history of the earth, creating a heterogeneous distribution of recycled components in the lower mantle</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(91)90015-A","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Staudigel, H., Park, K., Pringle, M., Rubenstone, J., Smith, W., and Zindler, A., 1991, The longevity of the South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 102, no. 1, p. 24-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90015-A.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(91)90015-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bada6e4b08c986b323d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staudigel, H.","contributorId":65607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudigel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, K.-H.","contributorId":74524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"K.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pringle, M.","contributorId":87694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubenstone, J.L.","contributorId":35078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubenstone","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, W.H.F.","contributorId":55972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zindler, A.","contributorId":75698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zindler","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016763,"text":"70016763 - 1991 - Solution of the one-dimensional consolidation theory equation with a pseudospectral method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:06:40","indexId":"70016763","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Solution of the one-dimensional consolidation theory equation with a pseudospectral method","docAbstract":"<p>The one-dimensional consolidation theory equation is solved for an aquifer system using a pseudospectral method. The spatial derivatives are computed using Fast Fourier Transforms and the time derivative is solved using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The computer model calculates compaction based on the void ratio changes accumulated during the simulated periods of time. Compactions and expansions resulting from groundwater withdrawals and recharges are simulated for two observation wells in Santa Clara Valley and two in San Joaquin Valley, California. Field data previously published are used to obtain mean values for the soil grain density and the compression index and to generate depth-dependent profiles for hydraulic conductivity and initial void ratio. The water-level plots for the wells studied were digitized and used to obtain the time dependent profiles of effective stress.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"12 May 1991 through 17 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Int Assoc of Hydrological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"0144-7815","isbn":"0947571922","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 1991, Solution of the one-dimensional consolidation theory equation with a pseudospectral method, <i>in</i> IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences), no. 200, Houston, TX, USA, 12 May 1991 through 17 May 1991, p. 555-564.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"564","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"200","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b925ae4b08c986b319e78","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, N.","contributorId":56805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016775,"text":"70016775 - 1991 - Paleogeographic implications of an erosional remnant of Paleogene rocks southwest of the Sur-Nacimiento Fault Zone, southern Coast Ranges, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016775","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogeographic implications of an erosional remnant of Paleogene rocks southwest of the Sur-Nacimiento Fault Zone, southern Coast Ranges, California","docAbstract":"A small tract of heretofore-unrecognized Paleogene rocks lies about 30 km northeast of Santa Maria and 1 km southwest of the Sur-Nacimiento fault zone near upper Pine Creek. This poorly exposed assemblage of rocks is less than 50 m thick, lies unconformably on regionally distributed Upper Cretaceous submarine-fan deposits, and consists of three units: fossiliferous lower Eocene mudstone, Oligocene(?) conglomerate, and basaltic andesite that has a radiometric age of 26.6 ?? 0.5 Ma. Both the sedimentary and igneous constituents in the Paleogene sequence are unlike those of known sequences on either side of the Sur-Nacimiento fault zone. The Paleogene sedimentary rocks near upper Pine Creek presumably are remnants of formerly widespread early Eocene bathyal deposits and locally distributed Oligocene(?) fluvial deposits southwest of the fault zone. The 26.6 Ma basaltic andesite, however, may not have extended much beyond its present outcrops. An episode of Oligocene(?) displacement is required by the contrast in thicknesses, depositional patterns, and paleobathymetry of the juxtaposed rock sequences. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Vedder, J.G., McLean, H., Stanley, R., and Wiley, T.J., 1991, Paleogeographic implications of an erosional remnant of Paleogene rocks southwest of the Sur-Nacimiento Fault Zone, southern Coast Ranges, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 7, p. 941-952.","startPage":"941","endPage":"952","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73efe4b0c8380cd77327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vedder, J. G.","contributorId":97873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vedder","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLean, H.","contributorId":11212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiley, T. J.","contributorId":92226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016811,"text":"70016811 - 1991 - Paleomagnetic constraints on the geometry and timing of deformation at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T11:23:52.371461","indexId":"70016811","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic constraints on the geometry and timing of deformation at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Paleomagnetic data from Miocene ash flow sheets indicate that southern Yucca Mountain has undergone about 30° of clockwise vertical-axis rotation since emplacement of the Tiva Canyon Member of the Paintbrush Tuff at about 13 Ma. Declinations of remanent magnetization from 32 sites in the reversely magnetized Tiva Canyon Member display a systematic southward increase over the 25 km north–south extent of Yucca Mountain. Probable errors in estimating structural attitudes are a major source of uncertainty in determining the amount of rotation between any two sites. Analysis of tilt-corrected directions of remanent magnetization from the Tiva Canyon sites indicates that structural attitudes determined from outcrop patterns on geologic maps are generally more accurate than field measurements of attitudes of compaction foliation or contacts. Attitudes determined from map patterns apparently minimize effects of (1) initial dips, (2) poorly defined compaction foliation, and (3) tilting that occurred after compaction but before blocking of remanence; however, such attitudes cannot accurately represent tilting related to unmapped local structures. Rotations implied by data from three older ash flow sheets, the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff (seven sites), and the Prow Pass (four sites) and Bullfrog (three sites) Members of the Crater Flat Tuff are generally consistent with the amount and sense of rotation documented by data from the Tiva Canyon Member. Uncertainties in the declinations of tilt-corrected site mean directions from these older units preclude evaluating whether older units have undergone more rotation than the Tiva Canyon Member.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90JB01966","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., Hudson, M., and Scott, R.B., 1991, Paleomagnetic constraints on the geometry and timing of deformation at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B2, p. 1963-1979, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB01966.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1963","endPage":"1979","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7407e4b0c8380cd773ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016765,"text":"70016765 - 1991 - Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016765","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin","docAbstract":"Evaporative concentration of irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River to the Salton Sea basin for several decades has produced an overlying system (that includes drainwater and surface waters) whose composition is highly variable and differs from that of the shallow regional ground water beneath it. The role of hydrologic and geochemical processes in causing these differences (and the variability) is inferred from analyses of selected isotopes (3H, D, 18O, 15N, 34S) and elements (As, B, Br, Cl, Fe, N, Se). Selected element-to-Cl ratios establish the relative importance and location of the various processes. Isotopes of H O are used in estimating the relative contribution of leakage from an unlined canal and regional ground water to a nearby spring.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Setmire, J.G., and Densmore, J., 1991, Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 524-530.","startPage":"524","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf87e4b08c986b329bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Roy A. raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Setmire, James G.","contributorId":105284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016818,"text":"70016818 - 1991 - An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016818","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors","docAbstract":"This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (K(H)) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (K(d)) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K(oc)). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (K(oc) < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when K(H) was greater than 10-4 atm??m3??mol-1. When K(oc) was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry's law constants (KH) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (Kd) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (Koc). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (Koc < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when KH was greater than 10-4atm-m3-mol-1. When Koc was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removal rates, especially in low-permeability materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., and Griffin, R.A., 1991, An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 26, no. 3, p. 301-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J.","startPage":"301","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)85026-J"},{"id":224805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f8e4b0c8380cd48573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016708,"text":"70016708 - 1991 - Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016708","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"The Geologic and the National Mapping divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey have been involved formally in cooperative research and development of computer-based geographic information systems (GISs) applied to mineral-resource assessment objectives since 1982. Experience in the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) projects including the Rolla, Missouri; Dillon, Montana; Butte, Montana; and Tonopah, Nevada 1?? ?? 2?? quadrangles, has resulted in the definition of processing requirements for geographically and mineral-resource data that are common to these studies. The diverse formats of data sets collected and compiled for regional mineral-resource assessments necessitate capabilities for digitally encoding and entering data into appropriate tabular, vector, and raster subsystems of the GIS. Although many of the required data sets are either available or can be provided in a digital format suitable for direct entry, their utility is largely dependent on the original intent and consequent preprocessing of the data. In this respect, special care must be taken to ensure the digital data type, encoding, and format will meet assessment objectives. Data processing within the GIS is directed primarily toward the development and application of models that can be used to describe spatially geological, geophysical, and geochemical environments either known or inferred to be associated with specific types of mineral deposits. Consequently, capabilities to analyze spatially, aggregate, and display relations between data sets are principal processing requirements. To facilitate the development of these models within the GIS, interfaces must be developed among vector-, raster-, and tabular-based processing subsystems to reformat resident data sets for comparative analyses and multivariate display of relations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth and Atmospheric Remote Sensing","conferenceDate":"2 April 1991 through 4 April 1991","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Int Soc for Optical Engineering","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819406015","usgsCitation":"Trautwein, C.M., and Dwyer, J.L., 1991, Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 1492, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 April 1991 through 4 April 1991, p. 338-338.","startPage":"338","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1492","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba415e4b08c986b3200c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trautwein, Charles M. trautwein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"Charles","email":"trautwein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96807,"text":"96807 - 1991 - A continent on fire [Book review] Burning bush: a fire history of Australia, by S.J. Pyne","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T16:02:08","indexId":"96807","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2825,"text":"Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A continent on fire [Book review] Burning bush: a fire history of Australia, by S.J. Pyne","docAbstract":"Review of: Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia, by Stephen J. Pyne. Henry Holt and Company, $27.95; 497 pp.. illus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Natural History Magazine, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Durham, NC","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1991, A continent on fire [Book review] Burning bush: a fire history of Australia, by S.J. Pyne: Natural History, v. 1991, no. 4, p. 82-85.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1991","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016810,"text":"70016810 - 1991 - Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T09:08:51","indexId":"70016810","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing","docAbstract":"<p>The Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system, characterized by Cenozoic bimodal alkalic volcanic rocks, extends over a largely ice-covered area, from the Ross Sea nearly to the Bellingshausen Sea. Various lines of evidence lead to the following interpretation: the transantarctic Mountains part of the rift shoulder (and probably the entire shoulder) has been rising since about 60 Ma, at episodic rates of ~1 km/m.y., most recently since mid-Pliocene Time, rather than continuously at the mean rate of 100 m/m.y. Uplift rates vary along the scarp, which is cut by transverse faults. It is speculated that this uplift may have climatically forced the advance of the Antarctic ice sheet since the most recent warm period. A possible synergistic relation is suggested between episodic tectonism, mountain uplift, and volcanism in the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and waxing and waning of the Antarctic ice sheet beginning about earliest Oligocene time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0315:EORCUO>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Cooper, A., 1991, Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing: Geology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 315-319, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0315:EORCUO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.390625,\n              -80.47406532116933\n            ],\n            [\n              29.53125,\n              -80.47406532116933\n            ],\n            [\n              29.53125,\n              -68.26938680456564\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.390625,\n              -68.26938680456564\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.390625,\n              -80.47406532116933\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d68e4b0c8380cd52fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.","contributorId":47517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016703,"text":"70016703 - 1991 - Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:39:06.341802","indexId":"70016703","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>This paper describes the recovery of stable bank form and development of vegetated depositional surfaces along the banks of channelized West Tennessee streams. Most perennial streams in West Tennessee were straightened and dredged since the turn of the century. Patterns of fluvial ecological responses to channelization have previously been described by a six-stage model. Dendrogeomorphic (tree-ring) techniques allowed the determination of location, timing, amount, and rate of bank-sediment deposition. Channel cross sections and ecological analyses made at 101 locations along 12 streams, encompassing bends and straight reaches, show that channel and bank processes initially react vertically to channelization through downcutting. A depositional surface forms on banks once bed-degradation and heightened bank mass wasting processes have eased or slowed. The formation of this depositional surface marks the beginning of bank recovery from channelization. Dominating lateral processes, characteristic of stable or natural channels, return during the formation and expansion of the depositional surface, suggesting a relation with thalweg deflection, point-bar development, and meanderloop extension. Characteristic woody riparian vegetation begins to grow as this depositional surface develops and becomes part of the process and form of restabilizing banks. The depositional surface initially forms low on the bank and tends to maintain a slope of about 24°. Mean accretion rates ranges from 5.9 cm/yr on inside bends to 0 cm/yr on most outside bends; straight reaches have a mean-accretion rate of 4.2 cm/yr. The relatively stable, convex upward, depositional surface expands and ultimately attaches to the flood plain. The time required for the recovery process to reach equilibrium averaged about 50 years. Indicative pioneer speccies of woody riparian vegetation include black willow, river birch, silver maple, and boxelder. Stem densities generally decrease with time after and initial flush of about 160 stems per 100 m<sup>2</sup>. Together bank accretion and vegetative regrowth appear to be the most important environmental processes involved in channel bank recovery from channelization or rejuvenation.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(91)90023-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., and Simon, A., 1991, Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels: Geomorphology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 111-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(91)90023-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efb5e4b0c8380cd4a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016658,"text":"70016658 - 1991 - On the entropy of glaucophane Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016658","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the entropy of glaucophane Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2","docAbstract":"The heat capacity of glaucophane from the Sesia-Lanza region of Italy having the approximate composition (Na1.93Ca0.05Fe0.02) (Mg2.60Fe0.41) (Al1.83Fe0.15Cr0.01) (Si7.92Al0.08)O22(OH)2 was measured by adiabatic calorimetry between 4.6 and 359.4 K. After correcting the Cp0data to values for ideal glaucophane, Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 the third-law entropy S2980-S00was calculated to be 541.2??3.0 J??mol-1??K-1. Our value for S2980-S00is 12.0 J??mol-1??K-1 (2.2%) smaller than the value of Likhoydov et al. (1982), 553.2??3.0, is within 6.2 J??mol-1??K-1 of the value estimated by Holland (1988), and agrees remarkably well with the value calculated by Gillet et al. (1989) from spectroscopic data, 539 J??mol-1??K-1. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00310682","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Hemingway, B.S., Gillet, P., and Reynard, B., 1991, On the entropy of glaucophane Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 107, no. 4, p. 484-486, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310682.","startPage":"484","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487248,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/71357","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310682"},{"id":224794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dc7e4b0c8380cd75315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillet, P.","contributorId":62350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillet","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynard, B.","contributorId":82857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016773,"text":"70016773 - 1991 - The 1954 and 1980 Algerian earthquakes: Implications for the characteristic-displacement model of fault behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T00:09:48.883756","indexId":"70016773","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1954 and 1980 Algerian earthquakes: Implications for the characteristic-displacement model of fault behavior","docAbstract":"<p>Joint epicenter determination of earthquakes that occurred in northern Algeria near Ech Cheliff (named Orleansville in 1954 and El Asnam in 1980) shows that the earthquake of 9 September 1954 (M=6.5) occurred at nearly the same location as the earthquake of 10 October 1980 (M=7.3). The 1954 main shock and earliest aftershocks were concentrated close to the boundaries of segment B (nomenclature of Deschamps et al., 1982; King and Yielding, 1984) of the 1980 fault system, which was to experience approximately 8 m of slip in the 1980 earthquake. Later aftershocks of the 1954 earthquake were spread over a broad area, notably in a region north of the 1980 fault system that also experienced many aftershocks to the 1980 earthquake. The closeness of the 1954 main shock and earliest aftershocks to the 1980 segment B implies that the 1954 earthquake involved either 1) rupture of segment B proper, or 2) rupture of a distinct fault in the hanging wall of footwall block of segment B.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0810020446","usgsCitation":"Dewey, J.W., 1991, The 1954 and 1980 Algerian earthquakes: Implications for the characteristic-displacement model of fault behavior: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 81, no. 2, p. 446-467, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810020446.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/81/2/446/119429/The-1954-and-1980-Algerian-earthquakes"},{"id":224987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Algeria","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[11.99951,23.47167],[8.57289,21.56566],[5.67757,19.60121],[4.26742,19.15527],[3.15813,19.05736],[3.14666,19.69358],[2.68359,19.85623],[2.06099,20.14223],[1.82323,20.61081],[-1.55005,22.79267],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-8.66512,27.58948],[-8.66559,27.65643],[-8.67412,28.84129],[-7.05923,29.57923],[-6.06063,29.7317],[-5.24213,30.00044],[-4.85965,30.50119],[-3.69044,30.89695],[-3.6475,31.63729],[-3.06898,31.7245],[-2.6166,32.09435],[-1.3079,32.26289],[-1.12455,32.65152],[-1.38805,32.86402],[-1.73345,33.91971],[-1.79299,34.52792],[-2.16991,35.1684],[-1.2086,35.71485],[-0.12745,35.88866],[0.50388,36.30127],[1.46692,36.60565],[3.1617,36.7839],[4.81576,36.86504],[5.32012,36.71652],[6.26182,37.11066],[7.33038,37.11838],[7.73708,36.88571],[8.42096,36.94643],[8.21782,36.43318],[8.37637,35.47988],[8.14098,34.65515],[7.52448,34.09738],[7.61264,33.34411],[8.43047,32.74834],[8.4391,32.50628],[9.0556,32.10269],[9.48214,30.30756],[9.80563,29.42464],[9.86,28.95999],[9.68388,28.14417],[9.75613,27.68826],[9.62906,27.14095],[9.71629,26.51221],[9.31941,26.09432],[9.91069,25.36545],[9.94826,24.93695],[10.30385,24.37931],[10.77136,24.56253],[11.56067,24.09791],[11.99951,23.47167]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Algeria\"}}]}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba61ce4b08c986b320ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016772,"text":"70016772 - 1991 - The significance of Rb-Sr glauconite ages, Bonneterre Formation, Missouri; late Devonian-early Mississippian brine migration in the Midcontinent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T11:05:48.353308","indexId":"70016772","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of Rb-Sr glauconite ages, Bonneterre Formation, Missouri; late Devonian-early Mississippian brine migration in the Midcontinent","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Rb-Sr mean model ages of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"NLM_tex-math\"><img src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\"></span><span>&nbsp;</span>for glauconites from the Cambrian lower Bonneterre Formation in southern and central Missouri (in contrast to mean model ages of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"NLM_tex-math\"><img src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00002.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00002.gif\"></span><span>&nbsp;</span>from the middle and upper Bonneterre) are in excellent agreement with a Rb-Sr isochron age of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"NLM_tex-math\"><img src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00003.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1991/i30062618/629507/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00003.gif\"></span><span>&nbsp;</span>for glauconites from the Magmont mine (Viburnum Trend) in the southeast Missouri lead district. The lower Bonneterre and Mag-mont mine ages probably reflect isotopic resetting, most likely associated with dolomitization and/or Mississippi Valley-type ore formation in the southeast Missouri lead district. The temporal relation between widespread dolomitization and ore formation in Missouri is unclear, but mounting evidence for two Devonian disturbances permits the following interpretation: (1) a Devonian timing (380-400 Ma) for widespread dolomitization, and (2) a Late Devonian-Early Mississippian timing (360-370 Ma) for ore formation in southeast Missouri. A definitive, genetic connection between southeast Missouri ore formation and peak Ouachita-Appalachian orogenesis during Pennsylvanian time (300 Ma) is lacking. Late Devonian-Early Mississippian fluids associated with the earliest stages of collisional tectonics and metamorphism to the south and southeast may have been important in the formation of southeast Missouri ore deposits. These tectonically driven waters may themselves have been the Mississippi Valley-type ore fluids, entering Missouri by way of the Black Warrior basin and Reelfoot rift and/or the Arkoma basin. Alternatively, the movement of orogenic fluids hundreds of kilometers distant may have initiated and distally influenced the migration of more locally derived Mississippi Valley-type ore fluids. Broad regions of Missouri and adjacent areas immediately south and southeast experienced heating and crustal flexing in the Late Devonian, and consequently, preservation of elevated temperatures in Mississippi Valley-type fluids as they move great lateral distances may not be necessary for ore formation in southeast Missouri.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629507","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Stein, H.J., and Kish, S., 1991, The significance of Rb-Sr glauconite ages, Bonneterre Formation, Missouri; late Devonian-early Mississippian brine migration in the Midcontinent: Journal of Geology, v. 99, no. 3, p. 468-481, https://doi.org/10.1086/629507.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"481","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb02ee4b08c986b324ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, H. J.","contributorId":98748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kish, S.A.","contributorId":21685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016702,"text":"70016702 - 1991 - Fractal patterns of fractures in granites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T01:16:28.18703","indexId":"70016702","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractal patterns of fractures in granites","docAbstract":"<p>Fractal measurements using the Cantor's dust method in a linear one-dimensional analysis mode were made on the fracture patterns revealed on two-dimensional, planar surfaces in four granites. This method allows one to conclude that:</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(1)|The fracture systems seen on two-dimensional surfaces in granites are consistent with the part of fractal theory that predicts a repetition of patterns on different scales of observation, self similarity. Fractal analysis gives essentially the same values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>on the scale of kilometres, metres and centimetres (five orders of magnitude) using mapped, surface fracture patterns in a Sierra Nevada granite batholith (Mt. Abbot quadrangle, Calif.).</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(2)|Fractures show the same fractal values at different depths in a given batholith. Mapped fractures (main stage ore veins) at three mining levels (over a 700 m depth interval) of the Boulder batholith, Butte, Mont. show the same fractal values although the fracture disposition appears to be different at different levels.</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><p>(3)|Different sets of fracture planes in a granite batholith, Central France, and in experimental deformation can have different fractal values. In these examples shear and tension modes have the same fractal values while compressional fractures follow a different fractal mode of failure. The composite fracture patterns are also fractal but with a different, median, fractal value compared to the individual values for the fracture plane sets. These observations indicate that the fractal method can possibly be used to distinguish fractures of different origins in a complex system.</p></li></ul><p>It is concluded that granites fracture in a fractal manner which can be followed at many scales. It appears that fracture planes of different origins can be characterized using linear fractal analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(91)90234-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Velde, B., Dubois, J., Moore, D., and Touchard, G., 1991, Fractal patterns of fractures in granites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 104, no. 1, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90234-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a4e4b0c8380cd54708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velde, B.","contributorId":41600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velde","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubois, J.","contributorId":39529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubois","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D.","contributorId":105307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Touchard, G.","contributorId":85046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchard","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016699,"text":"70016699 - 1991 - Determining the mean hydraulic gradient of ground water affected by tidal fluctuations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:34:36.287185","indexId":"70016699","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the mean hydraulic gradient of ground water affected by tidal fluctuations","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Tidal fluctuations in surface-water bodies produce progressive pressure waves in adjacent aquifers. As these pressure waves propagate inland, ground-water levels and hydraulic gradients continuously fluctuate, creating a situation where a single set of water-level measurements cannot be used to accurately characterize ground-water flow. For example, a time series of water levels measured in a confined aquifer in Atlantic City, New Jersey, showed that the hydraulic gradient ranged from. 01 to. 001 with a 22-degree change in direction during a tidal day of approximately 25 hours. At any point where ground water tidally fluctuates, the magnitude and direction of the hydraulic gradient fluctuates about the mean or regional hydraulic gradient. The net effect of these fluctuations on ground-water flow can be determined using the mean hydraulic gradient, which can be calculated by comparing mean ground- and surface-water elevations. Filtering methods traditionally used to determine daily mean sea level can be similarly applied to ground water to determine mean levels. Method (1) uses 71 consecutive hourly water-level observations to accurately determine the mean level. Method (2) approximates the mean level using only 25 consecutive hourly observations; however, there is a small error associated with this method. The exact magnitude of this error is usually unknown, and therefore the accuracy of the mean level is also unknown. Method (1) should be used if a higher degree of accuracy is required.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00546.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Serfes, M.E., 1991, Determining the mean hydraulic gradient of ground water affected by tidal fluctuations: Ground Water, v. 29, no. 4, p. 549-555, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00546.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff7e4b0c8380cd4f4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serfes, Michael E.","contributorId":39946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serfes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016396,"text":"70016396 - 1991 - Chemical equilibrium and mass balance relationships associated with the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016396","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical equilibrium and mass balance relationships associated with the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Recent drilling and sampling of hydrothermal fluids from Long Valley permit an accurate characterization of chemical concentrations and equilibrium conditions in the hydrothermal reservoir. Hydrothermal fluids are thermodynamically saturated with secondary quartz, calcite, and pyrite but are in disequilibrium with respect to aqueous sulfide-sulfate speciation. Hydrothermal fluids are enriched in 18O by approximately 1??? relative to recharge waters. 18O and Cl concentrations in well cuttings and core from high-temperature zones of the reservoir are extensively depleted relative to fresh rhyolitic tuff compositions. Approximately 80% of the Li and 50% of the B are retained in the altered reservoir rock. Cl mass balance and open-system 18O fractionation models produce similar water-rock ratios of between 1.0 and 2.5 kg kg-1. These water-rock ratios coupled with estimates of reservoir porosity and density produce a minimum fluid residence time of 1.3 ka. The low fluid Cl concentrations in Long Valley correlate with corresponding low rock concentrations. Mass balance calculations indicate that leaching of these reservoir rocks accounts for Cl losses during hydrothermal activity over the last 40 ka. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Peterson, M.L., 1991, Chemical equilibrium and mass balance relationships associated with the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 283-302.","startPage":"283","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57be4b0c8380cd4c24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, M. L.","contributorId":49930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138474,"text":"70138474 - 1991 - High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T11:03:32.56789","indexId":"70138474","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12460120\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of the Quicksands, located along a broad ridge on the platform shelf west of Key West, Florida, indicate a significant deposit of non-oolitic carbonate sand occurs in a belt 47 km long by 28 km wide. The surface of the belt is ornamented by large (5 m), migrating tidal bars, oriented in a north-south direction, on which sand waves, oriented in an east-west direction, are superimposed. Some of the sand waves are awash at low tide. The sand waves are formed by strong reversing tidal currents flowing between the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida. The waves migrate directly over Pleistocene bedrock to the east, but the deposit thickens to the west and sand waves there overlie non-oolitic Holocene accumulations as thick as 12 m. Westward-dipping accretionary bedding indicates that net migration of the sands is to the west, despite north-south movement of tidal currents. The westward edge of the accumulation has accreted over deeper, muddier deposits. Although tidal currents and resultant bedforms appear identical to those of active ooid deposits in the Bahamas and elsewhere, no oolitically coated grains were found in this study. Thin-section analyses show the principal component (average 48%) of the sands is fragmented plates of species of the green alga Halimeda , followed by particulate coral (average 17%), which increases off the flanks of the main sand body. Short vibracores confirm the presence of cross-bedding.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/D4267654-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Lidz, B.H., and Holmes, C.W., 1991, High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 61, no. 5, p. 861-862, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4267654-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"861","endPage":"862","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              24.472150437226865\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.826416015625,\n              24.701924833689933\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              25.15522939494057\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1123046875,\n              25.502784548755354\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3045654296875,\n              25.393660521998022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.518798828125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.82092285156249,\n              24.906367237907997\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              24.80169495167004\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8096923828125,\n              24.661994379101575\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.034912109375,\n              24.552119771544227\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              24.472150437226865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc1e4b08de9379b34b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":86708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162359,"text":"70162359 - 1991 - Natural disasters and insurance and reinsurance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T15:16:11","indexId":"70162359","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural disasters and insurance and reinsurance","docAbstract":"<p>Great natural disasters, that is, those exceeding the economic capacity of the affected region and requiring national or international assistance, have increased dramatically in number and scope over the past few decades. As the accompanying graph shows, on average, from the 1960's to the 1980's there has been a five-fold increase in frequency of natural disasters, an increase in total economic losses by a factor of 3.3 and a rise of total insured losses by a factor of 5.8</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Berz, G., 1991, Natural disasters and insurance and reinsurance: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ce4b0961cf2811c08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berz, G.","contributorId":152426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187188,"text":"70187188 - 1991 - Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T18:08:21","indexId":"70187188","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and ore deposits of the Great Basin: Field trip guidebook compendium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geol. Soc. Nevada","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., 1991, Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern Great Basin, chap. <i>of</i> Geology and ore deposits of the Great Basin: Field trip guidebook compendium, p. 202-228.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"202","endPage":"228","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014964,"text":"70014964 - 1991 - Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T15:51:06.411409","indexId":"70014964","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic matter in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale adjacent to the Tocito Sandstone in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico was characterized using organic petrology and organic geochemistry. Differences in the organic matter found in these regressive and transgressive offshore marine sediments have been documented and assessed within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The regressive Lower Mancos Shale below the Tocito Sandstone contains abundant well preserved phytoclasts and correspondingly low hydrogen indices. Total organic carbon values for the regressive shale are low. Sediments from the transgressive systems tract (Tocito Sandstone and overlying Upper Mancos Shale) contain less terrestrially derived organic matter, more amorphous non-structured protistoclasts, higher hydrogen indices and more total organic carbon. Advanced stages of degradation are characteristic of the phytoclasts found in the transgressive shale. Amorphous material in the transgressive shale fluoresces strongly while that found in the regressive shale is typically non-fluorescent. Data from pyrolysis-gas chromatography confirm these observations. These differences are apparently related to the contrasting depositional styles that were active on the shelf during regression and subsequent transgression. It is suggested that data from organic petrology and organic geochemistry provide greater resolution in sedimentologic and stratigraphic interpretations, particularly when working with basinward, fine-grained sediments. Petroleum source potential for the regressive Lower Mancos Shale below the Tocito Sandstone is poor. Based on abundant fluorescent amorphous material, high hydrogen indices, and high total organic carbon, the transgressive Upper Mancos Shale above the Tocito Sandstone possesses excellent source potential. This suggests that appreciable source potential can be found in offshore, fine-grained sediments of the transgressive systems tract below the condensed section and associated downlap surface. Organic petrology can be used to accurately predict petroleum source potential. The addition of simple fluorescence microscopy greatly enhances this predictive ability because non-generative amorphous material is generally non-fluorescent. Organic petrology must also be used to properly evaluate the utility of&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;from programmed pyrolysis as a thermal maturity indicator. Organic matter dominated by autochthonous amorphous protistoclasts exhibits lower&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;values than that which is composed of mostly phytoclasts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(91)90114-Y","usgsCitation":"Pasley, M., Gregory, W., and Hart, G., 1991, Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 4, p. 483-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(91)90114-Y.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"509","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.0310727106471,\n              36.97155300388256\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0310727106471,\n              36.300066100585184\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2555209862353,\n              36.300066100585184\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2555209862353,\n              36.97155300388256\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0310727106471,\n              36.97155300388256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcbe4b0c8380cd75c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pasley, M.A.","contributorId":93202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasley","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, W.A.","contributorId":6593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, G.F.","contributorId":28754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185805,"text":"70185805 - 1991 - Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T08:50:17","indexId":"70185805","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium","docAbstract":"<p><span>The air/acetylene flame provides a convenient ion source for the determination of potassium isotopic ratios by mass spectrometry. Unlike the argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the flame provides low background in the mass region of interest. Ion production is quite satisfactory for isotope ratio measurements at the micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) level and slightly below, with 1 μg/mL potassium giving about 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;counts/second at a nominal mass-to-charge ratio of 39. The detection limit for potassium was 2-3 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). The ratio of &lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;K/&lt;sup&gt;39&lt;/sup&gt;K was measured with 0.5-1% relative standard deviation, and a &lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;K spike representing 0.2% of the total potassium was readily detected. Both signal levels and signal stability were improved by adding a second easily ionized element such as cesium to samples and standards. Alternatively, a cesium solution could be aspirated for about 1 minute between sample measurements to ensure signal stability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1366/0003702914336444","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., Garbarino, J.R., and Koirtyohann, S.R., 1991, Flame ionization mass spectrometry--Isotope ratio determinations for potassium: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 45, no. 5, p. 886-886, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702914336444.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"886","endPage":"886","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osapublishing.org/as/abstract.cfm?uri=as-45-5-886"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81fe4b02ff32c685732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koirtyohann, S. R.","contributorId":44287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koirtyohann","given":"S.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014972,"text":"70014972 - 1991 - Evolution of a Permo-Triassic sedimentary melange, Grindstone terrane, east-central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T11:57:09.788768","indexId":"70014972","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of a Permo-Triassic sedimentary melange, Grindstone terrane, east-central Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The Grindstone terrane in east-central Oregon is one of the few areas in western North America where large blocks of unmetamorphosed Devonian, Mississippian, and Permian limestones are inter mixed with Permian and Lower Triassic radiolarian chert and Pennsylvanian?, Permian, and Triassic volcaniclastic rocks. Although originally described as parts of a coherent succession, we interpret the Grindstone rocks to be a sedimentary mélange composed of Paleozoic limestone slide and slump blocks that became detached from a carbonate shelf fringing a volcanic knoll or edifice in Late Permian to Middle Triassic time and were intermixed with Permian and Triassic slope to basinal clastic and volcaniclastic rocks in a forearc basin setting. Paleogeographic affinities of the Grindstone limestone faunas and volcaniclastic debris in the limestone and clastic rocks all indicate deposition in proximity to an island-arc system near the North American craton. The Grindstone terrane deposits are unconformably overlain by Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic sequences of the Izee terrane. Although lithologic and faunal differences indicate that the Grindstone and Izee terranes together represent a tectonic block separate from the adjacent Baker terrane, all three terranes were juxtaposed by Late Triassic or Early Jurassic time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1280:EOAPTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Nestell, M., 1991, Evolution of a Permo-Triassic sedimentary melange, Grindstone terrane, east-central Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 10, p. 1280-1296, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1280:EOAPTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.12329846456441,\n              46.219854158651515\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23169690206423,\n              46.219854158651515\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23169690206423,\n              42.80558500045737\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12329846456441,\n              42.80558500045737\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12329846456441,\n              46.219854158651515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d7be4b0c8380cd53044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nestell, M.K.","contributorId":44296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestell","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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