{"pageNumber":"4364","pageRowStart":"109075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184900,"records":[{"id":70168674,"text":"70168674 - 1991 - Don’t fence us in","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T16:24:20","indexId":"70168674","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Don’t fence us in","docAbstract":"

When I was a graduate student around 1950 I used to read the entire Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. it was a pwoerful and inspiring educational experience, with an effect quite different from that of the more usual process of looking up a few articles in the chain of references in a subject of current interest. Reading the entire journal reveals how ideas, techniques, and seismologists appear and evolve. It is likely the best substitute for a firsthand personal experience with the early development of the field. And in spite of, or perhaps because of, the missteps, the wasted effort, and the lack of sophistication that those first volumes reveal, the reader can sense the opportunity and be inspired by the vibrancy of the young subject. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Oliver, J., 1991, Don’t fence us in: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 106-108.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90d1e4b0b1892d9e82b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, J.","contributorId":167156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015160,"text":"70015160 - 1991 - A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:20:34","indexId":"70015160","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included","docAbstract":"This paper presents a FORTRAN program for the determination of two-phase relative permeabilities from unsteady-state displacement data with capillary pressure terms included. The interpretative model employed in this program combines the simultaneous solution of a variant of the fractional flow equation which includes a capillary pressure term and an integro-differential equation derived from Darcy's law without assuming the simplified Buckley-Leverett flow. The incorporation of capillary pressure in the governing equations dispenses with the high flowrate experimental requirements normally employed to overcome capillarity effects. An illustrative example is presented herein which implements this program for the determination of oil/water relative permeabilities from a sandstone core sample. Results obtained compares favorably with results previously given in the literature. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Udegbunam, E., 1991, A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included: Computers & Geosciences, v. 17, no. 10, p. 1351-1357, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T.","startPage":"1351","endPage":"1357","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T"},{"id":223919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2d7e4b0c8380cd45ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udegbunam, E.O.","contributorId":88087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udegbunam","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016662,"text":"70016662 - 1991 - Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:18:03","indexId":"70016662","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Crystal-liquid partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon was studied in partially melted granodiorite blocks ejected during the climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon. The blocks, which contain up to 33% rhyolite glass (75 wt% SiO2), are interpreted to be portions of the magma chamber walls that were torn off during eruption. The glass is clear and well homogenized for all measured elements except Zr. Results for Fe-Ti oxides give DUoxide/liq ≈ 0.1. Partitioning of Mg, Mn, Al, Si, V, and Cr in Fe-Ti oxides indicates that grains surrounded by glass are moderately well equilibrated with the melt for many of the minor elements, while those that are inclusions in relict plagioclase are not. Uranium and ytterbium inhomogeneities in zircons indicate that the zircons have only partially equilibrated with the melt and that uranium appears to have been diffusing out of the zircons faster than the zircons were dissolving. Minimum U, Y, and P concentrations in zircons give maximum DUzrc/liq = 13,DYzrc/liq = 23, and DPzrc/liq = 1, but these are considerably lower than reported by other workers for U and Y. Based on our measurements and given their low abundances in most rocks, Fe-Ti oxides probably do not play a major role in U-Th fractionation during partial melting. The partial melts were undersaturated with zircon and apatite, but both phases are present in our samples. This demonstrates an actual case of non-equilibrium source retention of accessory phases, which in general could be an important trace-element fractionation mechanism. Our results do not support the hypothesis that liquid structure is the dominant factor controlling trace-element partitioning in high-silica rhyolites. Rough calculations based on Zr gradients in the glass indicate that the samples could have been partially molten for 800 to 8000 years.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90004-O","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tourrette, T., Burnett, D., and Bacon, C., 1991, Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 2, p. 457-469, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90004-O.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"469","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd87e4b08c986b329096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourrette, T.Z.L.","contributorId":66426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourrette","given":"T.Z.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, D.S.","contributorId":80426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014737,"text":"1014737 - 1991 - Responses to in vitro and in vivo immunisations with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T14:56:13.814092","indexId":"1014737","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Responses to in vitro and in vivo immunisations with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","title":"Responses to in vitro and in vivo immunisations with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"

Immunological assays were developed to test for the effects of immunisation with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vitro and in vivo. Trout spleen sections were immunised in vitro by incubation in media containing 100, 10, and 1 μg ml−1 of the A. salmonicida O antigen. After 10 days at 15°C, the individual sections were minced and cell suspensions assayed for the effects of the bacterin on non-specific and specific immune responses. Assays of the cell suspensions showed that the neutrophil oxidative activity, phagocytic capabilities, numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) and circulating antibody titres all increased in proportion to the bacterin dosage. Trout immunised in vivo with 100 μg by injection and by 100 μg ml−1 bath with the O antigen, showed similar responses to spleen sections immunised in vitro. The appearance of non-specific PFC against unlabelled sheep red blood cells was highest in spleens immunised in vitro and in the fish immunised by injection; non-specific PFC rarely occurred in O antigen bathed fish and in control fish. The development of these assays may enable biologists to follow the effects on the non-specific defence mechanisms and the specific immune response in cultivated fish populations after, immunisation with A. salmonicida bacterins and thus aid in the development of protective vaccination against furunculosis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1050-4648(05)80064-6","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., and Jeney, G., 1991, Responses to in vitro and in vivo immunisations with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 251-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-4648(05)80064-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Douglas P.","contributorId":70696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jeney, G.","contributorId":89834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeney","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014562,"text":"1014562 - 1991 - Developmental differences in the responsiveness of gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase to cortisol salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-28T15:32:33.442226","indexId":"1014562","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Developmental differences in the responsiveness of gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase to cortisol salmonids","title":"Developmental differences in the responsiveness of gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase to cortisol salmonids","docAbstract":"

The ability of cortisol to increase gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity was examined in several salmonid species during development. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr were unresponsive to cortisol in vitro (10 μg/ml for 2 days) in November. Responsiveness was significant from January to March, peaking in January just prior to seasonal increases in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Gill tissue became unresponsive to in vitro cortisol in April when in vivo gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity peaked. The ability of cortisol to stimulate gill, Na+, K+-ATPase activity in postemergent fry (2–3 months after hatching) was examined in chum (O. keta), chinook (O. tschawytscha), coho, and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Initial levels of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were elevated in chum salmon, which normally migrate as fry. Cortisol (10 μg/ml for 4 days in vitro) increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in chum salmon fry (48% above initial levels), had a limited but significant effect in chinook salmon fry, and had no effect in coho and Atlantic salmon fry. In an in vivo experiment, Atlantic salmon previously exposed to simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) and continuous light (L24) received four cortisol injections of 2 μg · g−1 every third day. SNP fish responded with increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity (+66%), whereas L24 fish were not affected. Atlantic salmon presmolts with initially low levels of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity responded to cortisol in vitro, whereas smolts with initially high levels of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were unresponsive. Triiodothyronine (0.01–10 μg/ml), prolactin (0.1–10 μg/ml), growth hormone (0.1–10 μg/ml), insulin (0.01–10 μg/ml), and bovine insulin-like growth factor I (0.01–1 μg/ml) did not affect gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in vitro, individually or with cortisol (1–10 μg/ml). Thus, changes in responsiveness to cortisol occur during salmonid development, vary among species, and may be important in the heterochrony that characterizes the parr-smolt transformation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-6480(91)90054-A","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Dickhoff, W.W., Duston, J., Nishioka, R.S., and Bern, H.A., 1991, Developmental differences in the responsiveness of gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase to cortisol salmonids: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 84, no. 2, p. 308-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(91)90054-A.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":320601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickhoff, Walton W.","contributorId":85133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhoff","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duston, J.","contributorId":31717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duston","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishioka, R. S.","contributorId":69915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishioka","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bern, H. A.","contributorId":61771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bern","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014941,"text":"70014941 - 1991 - Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:22:54","indexId":"70014941","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"The chemical, isotopic, and gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho, change systematically as the water moves northward from the Idaho-Nevada boundary toward the Snake River. Sodium, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, dissolved helium, and carbon-13 increase as calcium and carbon-14 decrease. Water-rock reactions may result in dissolution of plagioclase or volcanic glass and calcite, followed by precipitation of zeolites and clays. On the basis of carbon-14 age dating, apparent water ages range from 2,000 to more than 26,000 years; most apparent ages range from about 4,000 to 10,000 years. The older waters, north of the Snake River, are isotopically depleted in deuterium and are enriched in chloride relative to waters to the south. Thermal waters flowing northward beneath the Snake River may join a westward flow of older thermal water slightly north of the river. The direction of flow in the hydrothermal system seems to parallel the surface drainage.","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412693","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Young, H., Evans, W.E., and Parliman, D., 1991, Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 15, p. 257-263.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"263","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f59ce4b0c8380cd4c308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, W. E.","contributorId":28017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014963,"text":"70014963 - 1991 - Low-K granophyres of the Stillwater Complex, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70014963","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-K granophyres of the Stillwater Complex, Montana","docAbstract":"Small bodies of granophyre occur as a volumetrically insignificant but ubiquitous component of the Banded series of the Stillwater Complex. White to pink granophyre typically occurs as veins, 1-12cm thick and as much as 100m long. A geochemically similar body of coalescing alaskite dikes, associated with an occurrence of Pt-group elements in the Banded series of the complex, crops out approximately 2km south-southeast of Picket Pin Mountain over an area 130 by 210m. Considering host rocks and chemistry, these rocks are comparable to the most siliceous examples of oceanic plagiogranite. The Stillwater granophyres, however, are enriched in Si, Th, U, and LREEs, and depleted in K, Fe, and Eu, relative to oceanic granophyres. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Czamanske, G., Zientek, M.L., and Manning, C.E., 1991, Low-K granophyres of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: American Mineralogist, v. 76, no. 9-10, p. 1646-1661.","startPage":"1646","endPage":"1661","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a18e4b0c8380cd68ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, C. E.","contributorId":16987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014962,"text":"70014962 - 1991 - Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti and their bearing on the Alvarez impact extinction hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T13:25:45.073446","indexId":"70014962","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti and their bearing on the Alvarez impact extinction hypothesis","docAbstract":"

Relic tektites are associated with a Pt-group metal abundance anomaly and shocked minerals in a thin marl bed that marks the K-T boundary on Haiti. The presence of these three impact-produced materials at the precise K-T boundary enormously strengthens the Alvarez impact extinction hypothesis. The tektites occur in smectite spherules that have external shapes typical of tektites. Their chemical and physical properties are broadly similar to those of other tektite groups, except that the Haitian tektites have lower Si and higher Fe, Ca, and Na. On average, they contain more Sc, V, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Sn, and Ba and less Cr, Ni, Co, B, Mn, and Hf than Other tektite groups. Amounts of rare earth elements (REE) in the tektites indicate that their progenitor materials were not melted mafic or ultramafic oceanic crust; rather they were sedimentary deposits having a bulk composition of andesite. Rare tektites contain unusually high amounts of CaO (∼20%) and S (0.4%), and these data suggest that some target materials consisted of CaSO4. Anhydrite beds occur in the subsurface at two candidate impact sites (Chicxulub and Manson). Sm-Nd isotopic data for the tektites indicate that the melted precursor sediments were most likely deposited less than −400 m.y. between the Late Cretaceous and Silurian periods. Major chemical changes accompanied the diagenetic change of glass to smectite. The Haitian tektites are the first datable impact products in K-T boundary rocks, and 40Ar-39Ar ages of the glass show that the K-T boundary and impact event are coeval at 64.5±0.1 Ma.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JE02249","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Izett, G., 1991, Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti and their bearing on the Alvarez impact extinction hypothesis: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. E4, p. 20879-20905, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JE02249.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"20879","endPage":"20905","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba497e4b08c986b320463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izett, G. A.","contributorId":21131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016385,"text":"70016385 - 1991 - Relation between the national handbook of recommended methods for water data acquisition and ASTM standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:15:44","indexId":"70016385","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relation between the national handbook of recommended methods for water data acquisition and ASTM standards","docAbstract":"

In the late 1950's, intense demands for water and growing concerns about declines in the quality of water generated the need for more water-resources data. About thirty Federal agencies, hundreds of State, county and local agencies, and many private organizations had been collecting water data. However, because of differences in procedures and equipment, many of the data bases were incompatible. In 1964, as a step toward establishing more uniformity, the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget, OMB) issued 'Circular A-67' which presented guidelines for collecting water data and also served as a catalyst for creating the Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) within the U.S. Geological Survey. This paper discusses past, present, and future aspects of the relation between methods in the National Handbook and standards published by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Committee D-19 on Water's Subcommittee D-19.07 on Sediment, Geomorphology, and Open Channel Flow. The discussion also covers historical aspects of standards - development work jointly conducted by OWDC and ASTM.

","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Monitoring Water in the 1990's: Meeting New Challenges","conferenceDate":"11-14 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803114079","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., and Skinner, J.V., 1991, Relation between the national handbook of recommended methods for water data acquisition and ASTM standards, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1102, Denver, CO, USA, 11-14 June 1990, p. 291-300.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a64ae4b0e8fec6cdc16a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, John V.","contributorId":25297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016652,"text":"70016652 - 1991 - Precise determinations of the equilibria kyanite <--> sillimanite and kyanite <--> andalusite and a revised triple point for Al2SiO5 polymorphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T11:26:15","indexId":"70016652","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise determinations of the equilibria kyanite <--> sillimanite and kyanite <--> andalusite and a revised triple point for Al2SiO5 polymorphs","docAbstract":"

Investigates the equilibria kyanite ??? sillimanite and kyanite ??? andalusite using the piston-cylinder apparatus to refine the phase relationships among Al2SiO3 polymorphs. Experiments at the US Geological Survey constrain the kyanite ??? sillimanite equilibrium to 14.3-14.6, 11.4-11.7, 9.5-10.0, and 6.0-6.5 kbar at 1000, 900, 800, and 600??C, respectively. At UCLA, experiments limite the equilibrium to 14.4-14.6, >12.9, 11.8-12.2 and 7.0-8.0 kbar at 1000, 950, 900, and 700??C, respectively. The equilibrium kyanite ??? andalusite was reversed between 7.4 and 8.0 kbar, 800??C at UCLA. -from Authors

","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Bohlen, S.R., Montana, A., and Kerrick, D.M., 1991, Precise determinations of the equilibria kyanite <--> sillimanite and kyanite <--> andalusite and a revised triple point for Al2SiO5 polymorphs: American Mineralogist, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 677-680.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"680","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8138e4b0c8380cd7b401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlen, Steven R.","contributorId":17982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montana, Art","contributorId":94796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montana","given":"Art","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerrick, Derrill M.","contributorId":68883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerrick","given":"Derrill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015048,"text":"70015048 - 1991 - Collected papers from the sixth annual meeting of the society for organic petrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015048","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Collected papers from the sixth annual meeting of the society for organic petrology","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","language":"English","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., Crelling, J., and Kaegi, D., 1991, Collected papers from the sixth annual meeting of the society for organic petrology, in Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 4.","startPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7ade4b0c8380cd4cc4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.D.","contributorId":56371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crelling, J.C.","contributorId":84909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crelling","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaegi, D.D.","contributorId":50664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaegi","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015582,"text":"70015582 - 1991 - Marinas, mines, and mudpots. Building a feature-based production system at the U.S. geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015582","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Marinas, mines, and mudpots. Building a feature-based production system at the U.S. geological survey","docAbstract":"By the mid-1990's, the U.S. Geological Survey expects to produce spatial data according to its new data model, Digital Line Graph-Enhanced (DLG-E). This new data model currently defines more than 200 unique feature types that describe the geographic phenomena portrayed on the series of 1:24,000-scale topographic maps. Characteristics of features are encoded as attributes, and linkages between features are expressed as relationships. Ultimately, features are tied to the spatial components that represent their location and (or) shape. Developing the ability to manipulate the features that compose the DLG-E world presents many new challenges in the design of a data production system. Primary among these challenges is controlling the attribution and value of each feature type to ensure consistency in data content. Methods are under development at the U.S. Geological Survey to provide automated control over the DLG-E data production process.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Chappell, G.B., and Neff, K.C., 1991, Marinas, mines, and mudpots. Building a feature-based production system at the U.S. geological survey, in GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51c4e4b0c8380cd6bf18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chappell, Gary B.","contributorId":50663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Kathryn C.","contributorId":102637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016655,"text":"70016655 - 1991 - Denitrification in nitrate-contaminated groundwater: Occurrence in steep vertical geochemical gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:19:45","indexId":"70016655","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in nitrate-contaminated groundwater: Occurrence in steep vertical geochemical gradients","docAbstract":"

A relatively narrow vertical zone (5–6 m thick) of NO3− containing groundwater was identified using multilevel sampling devices in a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, USA. The aquifer has been chronically contaminated by surface disposal of treated sewage 0.3 km upgradient from the study area. The NO3− zone was anoxic and contained high concentrations of N2O (16.5 μM), suggesting that it was a zone of active denitrification. Denitrifying activity was confirmed with direct measurement using acetylene block incubations with aquifer core material; the peak rate was 2.4 nmol N reduced (g sed)−1 day−1. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and N2 were close to atmospheric equilibrium in uncontaminated groundwater, but were more than 2 times higher within the contaminant plume. Excess CO2 and N2 suggested in situ formation with a stoichiometry of C and N mineralized via denitrification of 0.8 (C/N). Denitrification within the aquifer resulted in an increase in the natural δ15N of NO3− (from +13.6 to +42.0%.) and the N2 produced, with an isotopic enrichment factor, ϵ, of −13.9%.. Vertical profiles of NH4+ and δ15N of NH4+ indicated that dissimilatory reduction of NO3− to NH4+ was also occurring but mass balance calculations indicated that denitrification was the predominant process. These results demonstrate that a combination approach using field mass balance, stable isotope analysis, and laboratory incubations yields useful insight as to the significance of denitrification in aquifer sediments and that closely spaced vertical sampling is necessary to adequately quantify the processes controlling C and N transport and transformation within these environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90026-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Howes, B., and Duff, J., 1991, Denitrification in nitrate-contaminated groundwater: Occurrence in steep vertical geochemical gradients: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1815-1825, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90026-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1815","endPage":"1825","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.72448730468749,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -70.72448730468749,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -70.72448730468749,\n 41.701627343789205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howes, B.L.","contributorId":41854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howes","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016642,"text":"70016642 - 1991 - The international dissemination of scientific information: The AEG connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:47:13.895079","indexId":"70016642","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The international dissemination of scientific information: The AEG connection","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90028-S","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1991, The international dissemination of scientific information: The AEG connection: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 40, no. 1-3, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90028-S.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad56e4b08c986b323b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015635,"text":"70015635 - 1991 - Fluid inclusion gas chemistry as a potential minerals exploration tool: Case studies from Creede, CO, Jerritt Canyon, NV, Coeur d'Alene district, ID and MT, southern Alaska mesothermal veins, and mid-continent MVT's","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T11:02:09.017726","indexId":"70015635","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion gas chemistry as a potential minerals exploration tool: Case studies from Creede, CO, Jerritt Canyon, NV, Coeur d'Alene district, ID and MT, southern Alaska mesothermal veins, and mid-continent MVT's","docAbstract":"

Recent advances in instrumentation now permit quantitative analysis of gas species from individual fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion gas data can be applied to minerals exploration empirically to establish chemical (gas composition) signatures of the ore fluids, and conceptually through the development of genetic models of ore formation from a framework of integrated geologic, geochemical, and isotopic investigations. Case studies of fluid inclusion gas chemistry from ore deposits representing a spectrum of ore-forming processes and environments are presented to illustrate both the empirical and conceptual approaches. We consider epithermal silver-gold deposits of Creede, Colorado, Carlin-type sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits of Jerritt Canyon, Nevada, metamorphic silver-base-metal veins of the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana, gold-quartz veins in accreted terranes of southern Alaska, and the mid-continent base-metal sulfide deposits of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT's). Variations in gas chemistry determine the redox state of the ore fluids, provide compositional input for gas geothermometers, characterize ore fluid chemistry (e.g., CH4CO2, H2SSO2, CO2/H2S, organic-rich fluids, gas-rich and gas-poor fluids), identify magmatic, meteoric, metamorphic, shallow and deep basin fluids in ore systems, locate upwelling plumes of magmatic-derived volatiles, zones of boiling and volatile separation, interfaces between contrasting fluids, and important zones of fluid mixing. Present techniques are immediately applicable to exploration programsas empirical studies that monitor fluid inclusion gas threshold concentration levels, presence or absence of certain gases, or changes in gas ratios. We suggest that the greater contribution of fluid inclusion gas analysis is in the integrated and comprehensive chemical dimension that gas data impart to genetic models, and in the exploration concepts based on processes and environments of ore formation derived from these genetic models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90059-4","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Landis, G.P., and Hofstra, A., 1991, Fluid inclusion gas chemistry as a potential minerals exploration tool: Case studies from Creede, CO, Jerritt Canyon, NV, Coeur d'Alene district, ID and MT, southern Alaska mesothermal veins, and mid-continent MVT's: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 42, no. 1, p. 25-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90059-4.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1272e4b0c8380cd542e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, G. P.","contributorId":102846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016402,"text":"70016402 - 1991 - Large-scale variation in lithospheric structure along and across the Kenya rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T13:33:05.428546","indexId":"70016402","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale variation in lithospheric structure along and across the Kenya rift","docAbstract":"The Kenya rift is one of the classic examples of a continental rift zone: models for its evolution range from extension of the lithosphere by pure shear1, through extension by simple shear2, to diapiric upwelling of an asthenolith3. Following a pilot study in 19854, the present work involved the shooting of three seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profiles along the axis, across the margins, and on the northeastern flank of the rift (Fig. 1). These lines were intended to reconcile the different crustal thickness estimates for the northern and southern parts of the rift4-6 and to reveal the structure across the rift, including that beneath the flanks. The data, presented here, reveal significant lateral variations in structure both along and across the rift. The crust thins along the rift axis from 35 km in the south to 20 km in the north; there are abrupt changes in Mono depth and uppermost-mantle seismic velocity across the rift margins, and crustal thickening across the boundary between the Archaean craton and PanAfrican orogenic belt immediately west of the rift. These results suggest that thickened crust may have controlled the rift's location, that there is a decrease in extension from north to south, and that the upper mantle immediately beneath the rift may contain reservoirs of magma generated at greater depth.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/354223a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Prodehl, C., Mechie, J., Kaminski, W., Fuchs, K., Grosse, C., Hoffmann, H., Stangl, R., Stellrecht, R., Khan, M., Maguire, P.K., Kirk, W., Keller, G.R., Githui, A., Baker, M., Mooney, W.D., Criley, E., Luetgert, J., Jacob, B., Thybo, H., Demartin, M., Scarascia, S., Hirn, A., Bowman, J.R., Nyambok, I., Gaciri, S., Patel, J., Dindi, E., Griffiths, D., King, R., Mussett, A.E., Braile, L., Thompson, G., Olsen, K., Harder, S., Vees, R., Gajewski, D., Schulte, A., Obel, J., Mwango, F., Mukinya, J., and Riaroh, D., 1991, Large-scale variation in lithospheric structure along and across the Kenya rift: Nature, v. 354, no. 6350, p. 223-227, https://doi.org/10.1038/354223a0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"354","issue":"6350","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44a0e4b0c8380cd66c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mechie, J.","contributorId":37902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mechie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, W.","contributorId":19708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuchs, K.","contributorId":89666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchs","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grosse, C.","contributorId":9773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffmann, H.","contributorId":51464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stangl, R.","contributorId":65609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stangl","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stellrecht, R.","contributorId":88493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stellrecht","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Khan, M.A.","contributorId":81916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maguire, Peter K.H.","contributorId":15766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kirk, W.","contributorId":82852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Githui, A.","contributorId":53092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Githui","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Baker, M.","contributorId":41141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Criley, E.","contributorId":51916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Luetgert, J.","contributorId":92807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jacob, B.","contributorId":27197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Thybo, H.","contributorId":57599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thybo","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Demartin, M.","contributorId":41598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demartin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Scarascia, S.","contributorId":60776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarascia","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Hirn, A.","contributorId":40345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirn","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Nyambok, I.","contributorId":68882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyambok","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Gaciri, S.","contributorId":65231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaciri","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Patel, J.","contributorId":6590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patel","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Dindi, E.","contributorId":33457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dindi","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Griffiths, D.H.","contributorId":61964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"King, R.F.","contributorId":91245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Mussett, A. E.","contributorId":6193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mussett","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Braile, L.W.","contributorId":85332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braile","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Thompson, G.","contributorId":55958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Olsen, K.","contributorId":61570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Harder, S.","contributorId":22912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harder","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Vees, R.","contributorId":16164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vees","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Gajewski, D.","contributorId":24097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gajewski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Schulte, A.","contributorId":51917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Obel, J.","contributorId":66420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obel","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Mwango, F.","contributorId":39129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mwango","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Mukinya, J.","contributorId":82062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukinya","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Riaroh, D.","contributorId":64392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riaroh","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41}]}} ,{"id":70015145,"text":"70015145 - 1991 - New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015145","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits","docAbstract":"Data collected since 1985 from test drilling, fluid sampling, and geologic and geophysical investigations provide a clearer definition of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera than was previously available. This information confirms the existence of high-temperature (> 200??C) reservoirs within the volcanic fill in parts of the west moat. These reservoirs contain fluids which are chemically similar to thermal fluids encountered in the central and eastern parts of the caldera. The roots of the present-day hydrothermal system (the source reservoir, principal zones of upflow, and the magmatic heat source) most likely occur within metamorphic basement rocks beneath the western part of the caldera. Geothermometer-temperature estimates for the source reservoir range from 214 to 248??C. Zones of upflow of hot water could exist beneath the plateau of moat rhyolite located west of the resurgent dome or beneath Mammoth Mountain. Lateral flow of thermal water away from such upflow zones through reservoirs in the Bishop Tuff and early rhyolite accounts for temperature reversals encountered in most existing wells. Dating of hot-spring deposits from active and inactive thermal areas confirms previous interpretations of the evolution of hydrothermal activity that suggest two periods of extensive hot-spring discharge, one peaking about 300 ka and another extending from about 40 ka to the present. The onset of hydrothermal activity around 40 ka coincides with the initiation of rhyolitic volcanism along the Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain that extends beneath the caldera's west moat. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Suemnicht, G., Sturchio, N., and Nordquist, G., 1991, New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 229-263.","startPage":"229","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a657de4b0c8380cd72be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suemnicht, G.A.","contributorId":11339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suemnicht","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordquist, G.A.","contributorId":86493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordquist","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014859,"text":"1014859 - 1991 - Choline-betaine requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:19:11.763707","indexId":"1014859","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Choline-betaine requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","title":"Choline-betaine requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"

A series of experiments with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were conducted to quantify the dietary requirement for choline as well as to determine whether betaine or methionine could spare the trout's choline requirement. Fish weighing 1.4 and 3.2 g, which were acclimated to a choline-deficient semipurified diet for 14 days before the start of the experiments, were shown to have a choline requirement of 813 and 714 ppm, respectively. When an excess of betaine was added to the choline-deficient basal diet, the choline requirement was reduced to about 400 ppm. These results suggest that about half of the trout's choline requirement must be met by choline itself, whereas the other half can be supplied by betaine. However, the requirement for choline itself must first be met before a response to betaine can be obtained. The addition of betaine to a choline-deficient diet resulted in no improvement in weight gain. Likewise, the addition of L-methionine, isomethyl to 1000 ppm choline, was without effect on growth in a basal diet marginally adequate in sulfur amino acids — suggesting that the trout's requirement for choline is not replaceable by methionine. Because the effects of dietary choline on liver lipid were variable and difficult to interpret, it was demonstrated that growth was more sensitive than liver lipid as an indicator of choline status.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(91)90077-K","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., 1991, Choline-betaine requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 95, no. 1/2, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90077-K.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e246f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016700,"text":"70016700 - 1991 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:11:16","indexId":"70016700","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 201 moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring from 1988 to 1989. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Needham, R., 1991, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 67, no. 3-4, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267322,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E"},{"id":224602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d45e4b0c8380cd7028d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, R.E.","contributorId":73613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016907,"text":"70016907 - 1991 - Seabed measurements of modern corrosion rates on the Florida escarpment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:18:32","indexId":"70016907","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed measurements of modern corrosion rates on the Florida escarpment","docAbstract":"

A mooring containing diverse carbonate and anhydrite substrates was exposed to bottom waters for 9 months at the base of the Florida Escarpment to determine the influence of dissolution on the development of this continental margin. Weight loss was measured on all samples. Etching, pitting, and loss of the original framework components were observed on substrates with known characteristics. Extrapolations of modern dissolution rates predict only about 1.6 meters of corrosion per million years. However, more rapid anhydrite dissolution, up to 1 km per million years, would cause exposed anhydrite beds to undercut and destabilize intercalated limestones. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02431050","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Commeau, R., Curray, J.R., and Neumann, A., 1991, Seabed measurements of modern corrosion rates on the Florida escarpment: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 11, no. 1, p. 16-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02431050.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 23.96617587126503\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 23.96617587126503\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 23.96617587126503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8821e4b08c986b3167ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curray, Joseph R.","contributorId":92424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curray","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neumann, A.C.","contributorId":76070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016714,"text":"70016714 - 1991 - Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:32:16.480724","indexId":"70016714","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria","docAbstract":"

The thermodynamic properties of minerals retrieved from consideration of solid-solid and dehydration equilibria with calorimetric reference values, and those of aqueous species derived from studies of electrolytes, are not consistent with experimentally measured high-temperature solubilities in the systems K2O- and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl (e.g., K-fs — Ms — Qtz — K+ — H+). This introduces major inaccuracies into the computation of ionic activity ratios and the acidities of diagenetic, metamorphic, and magmatic hydrothermal fluids buffered by alkali silicate-bearing assemblages. We report a thermodynamic analysis of revised solubility equilibria in these systems that integrates the thermodynamic properties of minerals obtained from phase equilibria studies (Berman, 1988) with the properties of aqueous species calculated from a calibrated equation of state (Shock and Helgeson, 1988). This was achieved in two separate steps.

First, new values of the free energies and enthalpies of formation at 25°C and 1 bar for the alkali silicates muscovite and albite were retrieved from the experimental solubility equilibria at 300°C and Psat. Because the latter have stoichiometric reaction coefficients different from those for solid-solid and dehydration equilibria, our procedure preserves exactly the relative thermodynamic properties of the alkali-bearing silicates (Berman, 1988). Only simple arithmetic adjustments of −1,600 and −1,626 (&#xB1;500\">±500) cal/mol to all the K- and Na-bearing silicates, respectively, in Berman (1988) are required. In all cases, the revised values are within &#xB1;0.2%\">±0.2% of calorimetric values. Similar adjustments were derived for the properties of minerals from Helgeson et al. (1978).

Second, new values of the dissociation constant of HCl were retrieved from the solubility equilibria at temperatures and pressures from 300–600°C and 0.5–2.0 kbars using a simple model for aqueous speciation. The results agree well with the conductance-derived dissociation constants from Franck (1956a,b) for temperatures from 300–550°C. Compared to the conductance-derived results of Frantz and Marshall (1984), our dissociation constants agree well at the highest densities, but are greater at lower densities. At the lowest density, at 600°C and 1 kbar, the discrepancy of 0.9 log units is within the overall uncertainties associated with our experimental results and those associated with deriving dissociation constants from conductance measurements in highly associated solutions (Oelkers and Helgeson, 1988). Finally, we also report an equation of state fit to the standard thermodynamic properties of the aqueous HCl molecule that is consistent with a wide array of independently determined dissociation constants of HCl and permits interpolation and extrapolation of the dissociation constant of HCl to 1000°C and 5.0 kbars.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-Z","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sverjensky, D., Hemley, J., and d’Angelo, W.M., 1991, Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 4, p. 989-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-Z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26ee4b08c986b3257cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sverjensky, D.A.","contributorId":84913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sverjensky","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178593,"text":"70178593 - 1991 - Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in progeny ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T12:52:59","indexId":"70178593","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in progeny ","docAbstract":"

A study of the effect of maternal Renibacterium salmoninarum infection levels on the prevalence and levels of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in progeny fish was conducted at a production salmon hatchery. A total of 302 mating pairs of spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was screened in August 1988 for R. salmoninarum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the basis of ELISA testing of kidney tissues from all fish and the testing of ovarian fluid samples from a subsample of the females by a direct membrane filtration fluorescent antibody technique (MF-FAT), selected egg lots were segregated into 2 groups of 30 egg lots or about 135 000 eggs each. One group contained egg lots from male and female parents that had low R. salmoninarum infection levels or tested negative for R. salmoninarum (low-BKD group), and the other group contained egg lots from female parents with relatively high R. salmoninarum infection levels and male parents with various infection levels (high-BKD group). The progeny groups were maintained in separate rearing units supplied with untreated river water, and were monitored for R. salmoninarum by the ELISA until they were released from the hatchery in April 1990. Total mortality of the juvenile fish was higher (p = 0.0001) in the high-BKD group (20%) than in the low-BKD group (10 %). Mortality in the high-BKD group was highest after the fish were moved from nursery tanks to raceways, and clinical BKD became evident in this group. During the 11 mo of raceway rearing, mortality in the high-BKD group was 17 % compared with 5 % for the low-BKD group. An ELISA analysis of smolts just before release showed an R. salmoninarum infection rate of 85 % in the high-BKD group and 62 % in the low-BKD group. Of the positive fish, 98 % in the low-BKD group and 55 % in the high-BKD group had low infection levels, whereas 36 % in the high-BKD group and only 1 % in the low-BKD group had high infection levels. The results of this research suggest that segregation of brood stock by the ELISA and the MF-FAT can be used to reduce the prevalence and levels of BKD in hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon, even in locations with open water supplies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao012025","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., Elliott, D.G., and Streufert, J.M., 1991, Brood stock segregation of spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) affects the prevalence and levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in progeny : Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 12, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao012025.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao012025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff365e4b04fc80e437285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Streufert, Jonathan M.","contributorId":177071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186583,"text":"70186583 - 1991 - Water geothermometers applied to geothermal energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:46:40","indexId":"70186583","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water geothermometers applied to geothermal energy","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications of geochemistry in geothermal reservoir development ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center on Small Energy Resources","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., 1991, Water geothermometers applied to geothermal energy, chap. of Applications of geochemistry in geothermal reservoir development , p. 37-69.","productDescription":"33 p. ","startPage":"37","endPage":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60286e4b09da6799ac6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016627,"text":"70016627 - 1991 - Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016627","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Channelization and concrete lining of the Rio Puerto Nuevo and its tributaries in the San Juan Metropolitan area has been proposed to control flooding in low lying areas adjacent to the stream. Concern about the effect of these channel modifications on the ground-water system prompted the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to conduct an investigation of surface-water and ground-water interactions in the Rio Puerto Nuevo basin in 1988. A principal objective of this investigation was to determine the potential effect of channelization of the Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Padilla, I., 1991, Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 168-169.","startPage":"168","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c9e4b0c8380cd50f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Padilla, Ingrid","contributorId":39247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padilla","given":"Ingrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016573,"text":"70016573 - 1991 - Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:48:32.534194","indexId":"70016573","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians","docAbstract":"

A newly recognized suite of trondhjemite–tonalite and dacitic gneiss forms a 10 km wide belt of rocks within the Mount Holly Complex in the central part of the Green Mountain massif of Vermont. Field relationships and chemistry indicate that these gneisses are calc-alkaline, volcanic, and hypabyssal plutonic rocks older than the Middle Proterozoic regional deformation that affected the Mount Holly Complex. U–Pb zircon dates indicate ages as great as 1.35 Ga for crystallization of the volcanic protoliths and for intrusion of crosscutting trondhjemite. Tonalitic plutonism continued until 1.31 Ga.Map-scale contacts between the trondhjemitic–tonalitic–dacitic gneisses and the paragneiss sequence of the Mount Holly Complex are sharp, suggesting that the volcanic rocks of the trondhjemite–tonalite suite underlie the paragneiss units and do not intrude them. These relationships suggest that the trondhjemite–tonalite suite is either considerably older than, and unconformable beneath, the paragneiss cover rocks or represents a volcanic edifice slightly older than the deposition of the sedimentary precursor to the paragneiss units. The paragneiss and tonalite–trondhjemite gneisses are both intruded by younger granitoids that were intruded at about 1.25 Ga during strong dynamothermal metamorphism.The trondhjemitic gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont have high Al2O3 and low Yb contents and light rare-earth element enrichment patterns that are more characteristic of continental than oceanic volcanic arcs. The Mount Holly intrusives and volcanics may have formed during 1.35–1.31 Ga ensialic volcanic-arc activity, contemporaneous with ensimatic arc activity during the early part of the Elzevirian phase of the Grenville orogeny. In Vermont, later deformation and granite intrusion at about 1.25 Ga coincide with the major pulse of the Elzevirian orogeny and associated trondhjemitic plutonism in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of eastern Canada.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-007","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., Aleinikoff, J.N., Burton, W., and Karabinos, P., 1991, Trondhjemitic, 1.35-1.31 Ga gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex of Vermont: evidence for an Elzevirian event in the Grenville Basement of the United States Appalachians: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 1, p. 77-93, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains, Green Mountain Massif, Mount Holly Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.18804873081775,\n 42.982419440295075\n ],\n [\n -72.84188603089605,\n 42.97826782801144\n ],\n [\n -72.79365024484139,\n 43.28886064626457\n ],\n [\n -73.00361778413804,\n 43.29505641101093\n ],\n [\n -73.18804873081775,\n 42.982419440295075\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb881e4b08c986b3278c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karabinos, P.","contributorId":72153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karabinos","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}