Despite the value of the salt (NaCl) and brine used by the chemical industry, geochemical prospecting techniques are not customarily employed in the search for these raw materials. In this study, Br geochemistry is used as the basis for a proposed hydrogeochemical prospecting technique that was designed to search for shallow halite beds in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Near-surface brine samples were collected at Sabkhah Jayb Uwayyid, both directly above and distant from a buried salt bed. Brine samples collected both directly above and offset to the north-west of the salt bed had Cl![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
Br ratios > 8000. The regional background ClBr ratio of fresh nonmarime ground water is ≈300. The large range in ClBr ratios and the association of high ClBr ratios with the buried salt body suggest that the ratio can be useful in hydrogeochemical prospecting for sibakh-associated, shallow salt bodies.
Little field-scale research has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of compacted soil barriers in retarding the movement of water and leachates. In response to this need, the Illinois State Geological Survey constructed and instrumented an experimental compacted soil liner. Infiltration of water into the liner has been monitored for two years. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether a soil liner could be constructed to meet the U.S. EPA's requirement for a saturated hydraulic conductivity of less than or equal to 1.0×10−7 cm/s, to quantify the areal variability of the hydraulic properties of the liner, and to determine the transit time for water and tracers through the liner.
The liner measures 8 m×15 m×0.9 m and was designed and constructed to simulate compacted soil liners built at waste disposal facilities. The surface of the liner was flooded to form a pond on April 12, 1988. Since flooding, infiltration has been monitored with four large-ring (LR) and 32 small-ring (SR) infiltrometers, and a water-balance (WB) method that accounted for total infiltration and evaporation. Ring-infiltrometer and WB data were analyzed using cumulative-infiltration curves to determine infiltration fluxes. The SR data are lognormally distributed, and the SR and LR data form two statistically distinct populations. Small-ring data are nearly identical with WB data; because there is evidence of leakage in the LRs, the SR and WB data are considered more reliable.
Geostatistical analysis of the SR infiltration data revealed that the infiltration-flux data were unstructured (random) at scales greater than 0.8 m. This analysis shows that it is possible to construct a compacted soil liner with a uniformly low saturated hydraulic conductivity, and that classical statistics should adequately estimate the mean infiltration flux of the liner and the associated uncertainty in that value.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the liner was estimated using Darcy's Law and the Green-Ampt Approximation; the average values for these calculations, based on the first and second years of SR data, were 4.0×10−8 and 3.4×10−8 cm/s, respectively. Breakthrough of water at the liner's bottom is expected to occur approximately six years after the initial ponding of the liner.
A primary source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina is carbon dioxide produced by microbially mediated oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Groundwater chemistry data indicate, however, that the available mass of inorganic electron acceptors (oxygen, Fe(III), and sulfate) and observed methane production is inadequate to account for observed CO2production. Although sulfate concentrations are low (approximately 0.05–0.10 mM) in aquifer water throughout the flow system, sulfate concentrations are greater in confining-bed pore water (0.4–20 mM). The distribution of culturable sulfate-reducing bacteria in these sediments suggests that this concentration gradient is maintained by greater sulfate-reducing activity in sands than in clays. Calculations based on Fick's Law indicate that possible rates of sulfate diffusion to aquifer sediments are sufficient to explain observed rates of CO2 production (about 10−5mmoll−1 year−1), thus eliminating the apparent electron-acceptor deficit. Furthermore, concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in aquifer water are in the range characteristic of sulfate reduction (2–6 nM), which provides independent evidence that sulfate reduction is the predominant terminal electron-accepting process in this system. The observed accumulation of pyrite- and calcite-cemented sandstones at sand-clay interfaces is direct physical evidence that these processes have been continuing over the history of these sediments.
The Tucson Mountains of southern Arizona are the site of an Upper Cretaceous caldera from which the rhyolitic Cat Mountain Tuff was erupted at about 72 Ma. Two magnetic units within the Cat Mountain Tuff are distinguished by paleomagnetic data in both the northern and southern Tucson Mountains. The resurgent Amole pluton (≃72 Ma) in the northern Tucson Mountains was emplaced soon after eruption of the Cat Mountain Tuff but cooled and was magnetized after northeastward tilting (50°–85°) of the adjacent caldera-fill sequence. Petrologic and paleomagnetic data indicate that the lower magnetic unit of the Cat Mountain Tuff caps the Silver Bell Mountains to the northwest. A previous paleomagnetic investigation (N = 34) indicates that the Silver Bell Mountains have been rotated clockwise 30°±16° (95% confidence level) about a vertical axis relative to cratonic North America. A similar paleomagnetic study of Upper Cretaceous volcanic, volcaniclastic, and intrusive units in the Tucson Mountains (N = 26) indicates that these rocks have been rotated 7°±14° clockwise relative to stable North America. A direct comparison of paleomagnetic directions for the lower unit of the Cat Mountain Tuff shows a 17°±10° clockwise rotation between the Silver Bell Mountains and the Tucson Mountains which supports the relative accuracy of the absolute rotations determined for these two mountain ranges. Preliminary paleomagnetic directions for middle Tertiary units from the Silver Bell and Tucson Mountains are consistent with clockwise rotation having occurred prior to deposition of these rocks. Clockwise rotation of crustal blocks in southern Arizona likely was associated with strike-slip movement on major northwest trending faults in the region, and this movement may have been related to oblique subduction of oceanic plates along the western continental margin in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary time. The available paleomagnetic data indicate that rocks in southern Arizona have not remained unrotated with respect to North America since Late Cretaceous time and that vertical axis rotations may have played an important role in the region during Laramide deformation.
Landscape development of central and northern Arizona can no longer be ascribed mainly to events of Miocene and Pliocene age. New information on the age and distribution of older Cenozoic deposits has led to the recognition of a regional Cretaceous-Paleocene(?) surface of erosion that conforms to major elements of the present topography and to the recognition that a formerly thick deposit of gravel accumulated on this regional surface of erosion. These relations cast new light on the history of evolution of the landscape and indicate a much greater age for the main landscape elements and a more complicated and prolonged history of erosion and deposition than has been previously supposed. The timing of events postulated for development of drainage on the Colorado Plateau can now be compared and partly reconciled with events recognized in the adjacent closely related Mountain Region (Transition Zone) of central Arizona. As a consequence of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (Laramide) compression, central and northern Arizona underwent at least 1200 m of uplift, documented by paleochannels cut into erosionally truncated Paleozoic strata on the Hualapai Plateau of the southwestern Colorado Plateau. During this time, a highly irregular erosion surface was developed on Proterozoic rocks across the Transition Zone south of the Mogollon Rim, the scarp of the Mogollon Rim was eroded to its present height (600–900 m), and an extensive stripped surface was developed on resistant upper Paleozoic strata north of the rim. Deposition of several hundred meters of Paleocene-Eocene “Rim gravels” derived from highlands south and west of the region followed, covering much of the Cretaceous-Paleocene erosion surface. Nearly complete burial of the rim is suggested by the distribution of remnants of the Rim gravels across the erosional scarps and on high plateau areas north of the rim. A second increment of uplift, apparently occurring in late Eocene time and apparently recorded by a series of fission track cooling ages from the Marble and Grand canyons, is inferred to have been responsible for ending deposition of the Rim gravels, for initiating differential uplift of contemporaneous deposits (Canaan Peak and Claron formations) to their positions in the high plateaus of central Utah, and for causing the drainage reorganization required to explain the extensive removal of Rim gravels from much of the region. A southerly flowing ancestral Verde River related to the drainage reorganization removed much of the older gravel cover from the Transition Zone of central Arizona, resulting in a younger regional erosion surface having 600–900 m of relief, a surface closely approximating the Cretaceous-Paleocene erosion surface. Late Oligocene and early Miocene rocks locally rest unconformably on remnants of Rim gravels in the Transition Zone, indicating that the second episode of regional erosion had been completed by late Oligocene time. North of the Mogollon Rim, a west flowing(?) ancestral Colorado River is inferred to have become established on the Rim gravels, draining the interior parts of the Colorado Plateau and transporting detritus off the plateau. Exhumation of the Mogollon Rim and development of 600–900 m of topographic relief in the Transition Zone by an ancestral Verde River system suggests the potential for a comparable, coeval entrenchment of an ancestral Colorado River in Paleozoic strata north of the Mogollon Rim. Regional extension and volcanic activity ensued in late Oligocene to Pliocene time. The Oligocene erosion surface in the extensional basins of central Arizona became largely concealed by Miocene and Pliocene deposits as the Neogene climate became drier. In late Miocene and Pliocene time, perennial streams appear to have been lacking, transport of detritus appears to have been principally by flash flooding, little or no detritus appears to have been removed from the region, and much of the precipitation presumably moved by groundwater flow through the deposits of aggradation. A coeval episode of aggradation in the Grand Canyon is suggested by deposits that appear to have once choked much of the canyon. If this event parallels the episode of late Miocene and Pliocene aggradation recorded east, south, and west of the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River could have been incised to its present level by late Miocene time. A return to wetter conditions in late Pliocene time presumably was responsible for renewed erosion and reexcavation of older drainages and basins. An understanding of this Tertiary structural, erosional, and depositional history can be important for the geological analysis of geophysical transects across the region.
Textural, geochemical, and mineralogic study of soils and weathering profiles has led to the practice of applying varioys weathering parameters as relative age indicators. In our studies examined the entire thickness of weathered sediment (i.e., the weathering profile) for evidence of weathering-induced changes in both sand- and clay-sized mineralogy, and used two techniques for relative age determinations. These techniques were developed as tools to support geologic mapping.
One of our techniques for determining relative ages is based on the depth of weathering as recorded by progressive loss of denrital sand-sized minerals upward in the weathering profile. This is our preferred tool, especially in areas where weathering profiles have been truncated. We have found a gradual trend of increasing loss of labile sand-sized minerals (e.g., hornblendes, feldspars) and increasing depth of weathering with increasing age of the deposit. Of significance to many research programs, this technique does not require expensive instruments such as an X-ray diffractometer.
Our other technique depends on accumulation of stable, secondary clay-sized minerals in the upper part of the weathering profile. In our study area on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States, the stable assemblage consists of vermiculite, kaolinite, gibbsite, and iron oxides and hydroxides. This technique can be effective for relative age determinations where profiles have not been truncated, and can provide useful information on depositional and erosional history. However, in areas of widespread erosion and profile truncation, such as the Carolinas, the utility of this technique for relative age determinations is limited. There, soils were partially or completely removed in many localities in relatively recent times.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(91)90068-5","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., and Owens, J.P., 1991, The use of mineralogic techniques as relative age indicators for weathering profiles on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA: Geoderma, v. 51, no. 1-4, p. 111-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(91)90068-5.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.19488098110419,\n 40.445101781541894\n ],\n [\n -74.41519339524608,\n 40.380584739264634\n ],\n [\n 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R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, J. P.","contributorId":50946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016532,"text":"70016532 - 1991 - Low intensity of the geomagnetic field in early Jurassic time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T12:25:06.929138","indexId":"70016532","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low intensity of the geomagnetic field in early Jurassic time","docAbstract":"From a large collection of Jurassic continental tholeiites cropping out in Europe and Africa, we selected 90 samples for paleointensity determinations. The samples were carefully selected to avoid any secondary magnetizations, especially viscous magnetization. Use of the Thellier method reveals that magnetic property changes due to heating begin often at quite low temperatures but fortunately without modifying noticeably their natural remanent magnetization-thermoremanent magnetization ratio. Twenty-eight well-clustered paleointensity estimates were obtained from two European dikes that were emplaced during Early Jurassic time: the Kerforne dike at Brenterc'h in Brittany (northwestern France) and the Messejana dike on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Virtual dipole moments calculated from both magmatic units are similar and only about one-third of present-day values. These new data lend support to the recently postulated low dipole moment of the Mesozoic geomagnetic field.
On the western side of the Tjörnes Peninsula in northern Iceland exposures of fossiliferous marine sediments, basalts, and glacial tills record the climatic history of this region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Seventy-five marine ostracode species were recovered from the Pliocene Tjörnes sediments and Quaternary sediments known as the Breidavik beds. The ostracode assemblages contain many warm-water genera that do not inhabit Iceland today and indicate early to middle Pliocene (4.5–3.0 Ma) winter and summer bottom-water temperatures that averaged 5–6°C and 14–16°C, respectively (maximum 20°C in summer, rarely below 3°C in winter except during a brief cooling 3.5–3.2 Ma). An intensified North Atlantic Drift and a diminished or absent East Greenland Current account for warm-water oceanographic conditions at 66°N. Late Pliocene marine climates were cooler with winter and summer averages of about 9°C and 8°C. Early Pleistocene ostracode assemblages dated at 1.7–1.3 Ma contain extant arctic–subarctic species that indicate winter and summer temperatures of about − 1.5°C and 4–5°C. New species Bensonocythere eirikssoni, Robertsonites williamsi, Hemicythere rekaensis, Thaerocythere mayburyae, Thaerocythere whatleyi, Leptocythere tjornesensis, Tetracytherura bardarsoni, and Cytheromorpha einarssoni are described.
Adult male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were banded in summer 1987 with reward bands of different dollar values (0-$400) to determine the lowest dollar value that would yield a reporting rate approaching 1.0. During the 1987-88 and 1988-89 hunting seasons, rewards of between 50 and $100 were required to yield a reporting rate near 1.0. We estimated reporting rate of standard bands to be 0.32. Reward bands with 5 and $10 values produced reporting rates that were 1.5-2.0 times as large as those of standard bands. We developed a linear-logistic model to predict reporting rate as a function of the dollar value of reward bands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809248","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Blohm, R.J., Reynolds, R.E., Trost, R.E., Hines, J.E., and Bladen, J.P., 1991, Band reporting rates for mallards with reward bands of different dollar values: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809248.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Manitoba, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 60.07447191699069\n ],\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 49.072399839653144\n ],\n [\n -94.59611396634088,\n 49.072399839653144\n ],\n [\n -94.59611396634088,\n 60.07447191699069\n ],\n [\n -109.94065842013259,\n 60.07447191699069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bladen, Judith P.","contributorId":26773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bladen","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70138474,"text":"70138474 - 1991 - High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T11:03:32.56789","indexId":"70138474","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of the Quicksands, located along a broad ridge on the platform shelf west of Key West, Florida, indicate a significant deposit of non-oolitic carbonate sand occurs in a belt 47 km long by 28 km wide. The surface of the belt is ornamented by large (5 m), migrating tidal bars, oriented in a north-south direction, on which sand waves, oriented in an east-west direction, are superimposed. Some of the sand waves are awash at low tide. The sand waves are formed by strong reversing tidal currents flowing between the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida. The waves migrate directly over Pleistocene bedrock to the east, but the deposit thickens to the west and sand waves there overlie non-oolitic Holocene accumulations as thick as 12 m. Westward-dipping accretionary bedding indicates that net migration of the sands is to the west, despite north-south movement of tidal currents. The westward edge of the accumulation has accreted over deeper, muddier deposits. Although tidal currents and resultant bedforms appear identical to those of active ooid deposits in the Bahamas and elsewhere, no oolitically coated grains were found in this study. Thin-section analyses show the principal component (average 48%) of the sands is fragmented plates of species of the green alga Halimeda , followed by particulate coral (average 17%), which increases off the flanks of the main sand body. Short vibracores confirm the presence of cross-bedding.
The valley of Anguilla Brook is underlain by saturated stratified-drift deposits that, where thick and transmissive, have the potential to yield large quantities of ground water. These deposits are collectively termed the Anguilla Brook aquifer. Long-term yields of four subareas within this aquifer are estimated to range from less than 0.3 to 1.0 million gallons per day. The total yield of all four subareas is estimated to be 2.6 million gallons per day. These yield estimates are based on using the 90-percent duration flow of Anguilla Brook as an index of the water potentially available and on maximum sustainable pumping rates calculated by a mathematical model that used the Theis nonequilibrium equation and image well theory. Development of one or more subareas assumes that most ground water would be derived from induced recharge. This would reduce the flow of Anguilla Brook, and the effect will be most significant during periods when streamflow is low.
Limited sampling and analysis indicate that the quality of both surface and ground water in the Anguilla Brook basin is excellent. The concentrations of all constituents analyzed, with the exception of dissolved manganese and iron, were below the drinking-water limits established by the State of Connecticut, or recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Stonington, Connecticut","usgsCitation":"Bingham, J.W., 1991, Water availability and quality from the stratified drift in Anguilla Brook basin, Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4276, Report: vii, 49 p.; 1 Plate: 19.81 x 23.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854276.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; 1 Plate: 19.81 x 23.75 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4276/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55009,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4276/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413233,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4276/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Stonington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.81906245163847,\n 41.32106840903663\n ],\n [\n -71.81906245163847,\n 41.462592310937424\n ],\n [\n -71.94986963909723,\n 41.462592310937424\n ],\n [\n -71.94986963909723,\n 41.32106840903663\n ],\n [\n -71.81906245163847,\n 41.32106840903663\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa39a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bingham, James W.","contributorId":36939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bingham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196248,"text":"70196248 - 1991 - Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T12:09:59","indexId":"70196248","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys","docAbstract":"Gallinaceous birds typically retain the juvenal ninth (JIX) and tenth (JX) primary wing feathers during the first prebasic molt (Petrides 1945, terminology follows Humphrey and Parkes 1959). However, not all Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) retain JIX and JX during this molt. Some retain only JX (reviewed by Lewis 1967), and in 21% of 125 Florida Wild Turkeys (M. g. osceola), all 10 juvenal primaries were molted (Williams and Austin 1970, 1988). Leopold (1943) suggested that Wild Turkeys were genetically predisposed to retain both JIX and JX, whereas domestic turkeys retained only JX. He further suggested that the frequency of this extended primary molt indicated the degree of cross-breeding between wild and domestic turkeys. Stable frequencies could be maintained if this molting characteristic had neutral selective value. Alternatively, Williams and Austin (1988) hypothesized that the first prebasic molt among wild birds varied in a genetically controlled manner along a north-south gradient related to climate. They predicted that more northerly populations would exhibit progressively higher frequencies of retention of both JIX and JX.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Hoffman, R.W., 1991, Variable first prebasic molt in Rio Grande and Merriam's wild turkeys: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 103, no. 2, p. 295-300.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163015"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a5de4b0da30c1bfd7e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Richard W.","contributorId":15541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180751,"text":"70180751 - 1991 - Recent advances in halibut (Hippoglossus spp.) culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T11:33:25","indexId":"70180751","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent advances in halibut (Hippoglossus spp.) culture","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine ranching: Proceedings of the seventeenth U.S.-Japan meeting on aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventeenth U.S.-Japan meeting on aquaculture","conferenceDate":"October 16-18, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stickney, R., Liu, H.W., and Smith, S., 1991, Recent advances in halibut (Hippoglossus spp.) culture, in Marine ranching: Proceedings of the seventeenth U.S.-Japan meeting on aquaculture, Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan, October 16-18, 1998.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945334e4b0fa1e59b867f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Svrjcek, Ralph S.","contributorId":179034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svrjcek","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stickney, R.R.","contributorId":112786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickney","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, H. W.","contributorId":152164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.D.","contributorId":49749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180733,"text":"70180733 - 1991 - Juvenile fish transportation: Impact of bacterial kidney disease on survival of spring/summer Chinook salmon stocks. Annual report 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T13:10:30","indexId":"70180733","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Juvenile fish transportation: Impact of bacterial kidney disease on survival of spring/summer Chinook salmon stocks. Annual report 1989","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Walla Walla, WA","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., and Pascho, R., 1991, Juvenile fish transportation: Impact of bacterial kidney disease on survival of spring/summer Chinook salmon stocks. Annual report 1989.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a03784e4b099f50d3e0510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186884,"text":"70186884 - 1991 - Body size and foraging behavior in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T10:32:07","indexId":"70186884","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Body size and foraging behavior in birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 20th international ornithological congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th International Ornithological Congress","conferenceDate":"December 2-9, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Christchurch, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"International Ornithologists' Union","isbn":"0959797513 ","usgsCitation":"Goudie, R.I., and Piatt, J.F., 1991, Body size and foraging behavior in birds, in Proceedings: 20th international ornithological congress, Christchurch, New Zealand, December 2-9, 1990, p. 811-816.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.internationalornithology.org/proceedings.html#hist"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e65e4b06911a29fa884","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bell, Ben D.","contributorId":81033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cossee, R.O.","contributorId":190833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cossee","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flux, J.E.C.","contributorId":190834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flux","given":"J.E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heather, B.D.","contributorId":190835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heather","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitchmough, R.A.","contributorId":190836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hitchmough","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690831,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, C.J.R.","contributorId":190837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690832,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, M.J.","contributorId":57939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690836,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, R. Ian","contributorId":181609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000598,"text":"1000598 - 1991 - Distribution of Hexagenia nymphs and visible oil in sediments of the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:26:14","indexId":"1000598","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of Hexagenia nymphs and visible oil in sediments of the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels","docAbstract":"As part of the study of the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service examined the occurrence ofHexagenia nymphs and visible oil in sediments at 250 stations throughout the St. Marys River and the St. Clair-Detroit River system from May 14 to June 11, 1985. The mean density of Hexagenianymphs per square meter averaged 194 for the total study area, 224 in the St. Marys River, 117 in the St. Clair River, 279 in Lake St. Clair, and 94 in the Detroit River. The maximum density of nymphs ranged from 1,081 to 1,164 m-2 in the three rivers and was 3,099 m-2 in Lake St. Clair. A comparison of nymph density at 46 stations where oil was observed in sediments physically suitable for nymphs showed that densities were lower in oiled sediments (61 m-2) than in sediments without oil (224 m-2). Densities of nymphs were relatively high at only four stations where oil was observed in sediments. In general, oiled sediments and low densities of nymphs occurred together downstream from industrial and municipal discharges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00024767","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Edsall, T.A., Manny, B.A., and Nichols, S., 1991, Distribution of Hexagenia nymphs and visible oil in sediments of the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels: Hydrobiologia, v. 219, no. 1, p. 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024767.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"219","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Susan J.","contributorId":48905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000593,"text":"1000593 - 1991 - Food of blueback herring and threadfin shad in Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T12:41:07","indexId":"1000593","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food of blueback herring and threadfin shad in Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense and blueback herring Alosa aestivalis were introduced into Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina, in the early 1970s as prey for large piscivores. To assess the potential for trophic competition between these clupeids, we examined their diets and the extent of diet overlap in May, August, and December 1982 and February 1983. The diet of blueback herring consisted mainly of large species of cladocerans and copepods supplemented in August with Chaoborus punctipennis and young fish. Mean length of the organisms eaten by blueback herring was 1.4 mm. Threadfin shad fed on smaller species of cladocerans and copepods, as well as on rotifers and copepod nauplii. The mean length of the organisms eaten by threadfin shad was 0.4 mm, which differed significantly from the mean length of the zooplankton population in Jocassee Reservoir (0.6 mm). Phytoplankton contributed 24 and 32% of the stomach contents of threadfin shad in August and December. Bosmina longirostris was important in the diet of both species, although blueback herring showed negative selection for it. Diet overlap between the two clupeids was low on all four dates. Although we found no evidence of trophic competition between the two species in Jocassee Reservoir, we do not recommend stocking them together, because both species are voracious planktivores and blueback herring are piscivorous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0605:FOBHAT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, B.M., and Foltz, J.W., 1991, Food of blueback herring and threadfin shad in Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 5, p. 605-613, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0605:FOBHAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"613","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foltz, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":104866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foltz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000592,"text":"1000592 - 1991 - Influence of nearshore structure on growth and diets of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americana) in Mexico Bay, Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T09:47:13","indexId":"1000592","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of nearshore structure on growth and diets of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americana) in Mexico Bay, Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"The growth diets of 969 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americana) caught at 3.3 and 7.0 m depths were compared between two cobble/rubble shoals and two featureless sand sites in Mexico Bay, eastern Lake Ontario during 1981. The growth rate of both species was significantly greater for individuals captured over the cobble/rubble shoals. Females of both species were faster growing than the males, although only significantly so in the white perch. The seasonal diet and breadth of diet (H′) of yellow perch and white perch were not substantially different with respect to substrate type. Diet overlap between substrate types was also equivalent for each species. Benthic invertebrates, primarilyGammarus spp., were the major prey of both species at all sites. Alewife eggs were the most important item for the white perch in mid-summer, and alewife juveniles were important to both species in the fall. Differences in growth patterns between cobble/rubble shoals and sand sites illustrate a subtle effect of habitat on these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(91)71355-5","usgsCitation":"Danehy, R.J., Ringler, N.H., and Gannon, J., 1991, Influence of nearshore structure on growth and diets of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americana) in Mexico Bay, Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 183-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(91)71355-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danehy, Robert J.","contributorId":44884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danehy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, Neil H.","contributorId":28936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannon, John E.","contributorId":74706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000601,"text":"1000601 - 1991 - The Detroit River: Effects of contaminants and human activities on aquatic plants and animals and their habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:24:24","indexId":"1000601","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Detroit River: Effects of contaminants and human activities on aquatic plants and animals and their habitats","docAbstract":"Despite the extensive urbanization of its watershed, the Detroit River still supports diverse fish and wildlife populations. Conflicting uses of the river for waste disposal, water withdrawals, shipping, recreation, and fishing require innovative management. Chemicals added by man to the Detroit River have adversely affected the health and habitats of the river's plants and animals. In 1985, as part of an Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study sponsored by Environment Canada and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, researchers exposed healthy bacteria, plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds to Detroit River sediments and sediment porewater. Negative impacts included genetic mutations in bacteria; death of macroinvertebrates; accumulation of contaminants in insects, clams, fish, and ducks; and tumor formation in fish. Field surveys showed areas of the river bottom that were otherwise suitable for habitation by a variety of plants and animals were contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals and occupied only by pollution-tolerant worms. Destruction of shoreline wetlands and disposal of sewage and toxic substances in the Detroit River have reduced habitat and conflict with basic biological processes, including the sustained production of fish and wildlife. Current regulations do not adequately control pollution loadings. However, remedial actions are being formulated by the U.S. and Canada to restore degraded benthic habitats and eliminate discharges of toxic contaminants into the Detroit River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00024760","usgsCitation":"Manny, B.A., and Kenaga, D., 1991, The Detroit River: Effects of contaminants and human activities on aquatic plants and animals and their habitats: Hydrobiologia, v. 219, p. 269-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024760.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenaga, David","contributorId":105268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenaga","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000596,"text":"1000596 - 1991 - Distribution and dispersal of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:11:40","indexId":"1000596","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and dispersal of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), a small mussel common throughout most of Europe, was discovered in June of 1988 in the southern part of Lake St. Clair. Length–frequency analyses of populations from the Great Lakes and review of historical benthic studies suggest that the mussel was introduced into Lake St. Clair in late 1986, probably as a result of the discharge of ballast water from an ocean-crossing vessel. Following the 1990 reproductive season, Dreissenapopulations ranged from the head of the St. Clair River, through Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Welland Canal, and the Niagara River to the western basin and southern shoreline of Lake Ontario. Isolated populations were found in the St. Lawrence River and in harbours in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. The rapid dispersal of this organism has resulted from its high fecundity, pelagic larval stage, bysso-pelagic drifting ability of juveniles, and human activities associated with commercial shipping, fishing, and boating (research and pleasure). Virtually any waterbody that can be reached by boaters and fisherman within a few days travel of the lower Great Lakes, particularly Lake Erie, seems to be at risk of being invaded by this nuisance species.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-165","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, R.W., Schloesser, D.W., Leach, J.H., and Kovalak, W.P., 1991, Distribution and dispersal of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Great Lakes region: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, no. 8, p. 1381-1388, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-165.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1381","endPage":"1388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald W.","contributorId":11994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, Joseph H.","contributorId":53743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kovalak, William P.","contributorId":77479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovalak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}