{"pageNumber":"4366","pageRowStart":"109125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165871,"records":[{"id":70014129,"text":"70014129 - 1987 - Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:19:41.947916","indexId":"70014129","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2458,"text":"Journal of Solid State Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide","docAbstract":"The reduction of iron sulfides by hydrogen and by carbon monoxide has been studied using plug flow and thermogravimetric methods. The reactions were studied in the 523–723°K temperature range and were found to be first-order processes. Plug flow studies were used to correlate reaction rates between pyrite and the gases as a function of the surface area of the pyrite. The rate of H2S formation increases with the surface area of the pyrite sample. The results of thermogravimetric experiments indicate that the reactions consist of several steps. Rate constants for the pyrite reduction by H2 and by CO were obtained. The activation energies increased with degree of reduction. Values of Ea were 113.2 (step I) and 122.5 kJ/mole (step II) for pyrite reduction with CO and 99.4 (step I), 122.4 (step II), 125.2 (step III), and 142.6 kJ/mole (step IV) for pyrite reduction with hydrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-4596(87)90146-0","issn":"00224596","usgsCitation":"Wiltowski, T., Hinckley, C., Smith, G.V., Nishizawa, T., Saporoschenko, M., Shiley, R., and Webster, J., 1987, Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, v. 71, no. 1, p. 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(87)90146-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a8e4b0c8380cd64f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltowski, T.","contributorId":67663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltowski","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Gerard V.","contributorId":93629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishizawa, T.","contributorId":53536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishizawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saporoschenko, Mykola","contributorId":31905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporoschenko","given":"Mykola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webster, J.R.","contributorId":74475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70014838,"text":"70014838 - 1987 - Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:41:42.557766","indexId":"70014838","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Salt-water upconing describes the phenomenon where salt water is transported vertically upward under a well in response to pumpage in a fresh-water aquifer underlain by salt water. Sharp interface methods have been used successfully to describe the physics of upconing. A finite-element model is developed to simulate a sharp interface for determination of the steady-state position of the interface and maximum permissible well discharges. The model developed is compared to previous published electric-analog model results of Bennett and others (1968). Both methods are applied to a test case at Truro, Massachusetts, where maximum permissible discharges are determined by the finite-element model to range from 0.47 to 1.05 cubic feet per second for the Test Site No. 4 location.
The Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault is transitional in character between the creeping segment of the fault to the northwest and the locked Carrizo Plain segment to the southeast. The rate of shallow fault slip decreases from 25–30 mm/yr northwest of the epicenter of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake to zero at the southeastern end of the 1966 rupture zone. Data from a network of trilateration lines spanning the San Andreas fault near Parkfield and extending to the Pacific coast near San Luis Obispo shed light on the rate of fault slip at depth since the 1966 earthquake. In this study, average rates of line length change and shallow fault slip were inverted to determine the slip rate at depth on the Parkfield fault segment. The fault is taken to be a vertical surface with unknown distribution of strike-slip displacement in an elastic half-space. A striking result of the inversions is that all solutions providing acceptable fits to the data exhibit a locked zone essentially coincident with the rupture surface of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. The data require that the locked zone extend nearly as far north as the 1966 epicenter; however, the vertical extent of the locked zone is not well resolved. Over much of the Parkfield segment the fault is slipping faster at the earth's surface than it is at seismogenic depths. In order to fit the trilateration measurements it is necessary to include a component of contraction normal to the trend of the San Andreas. The inversion results suggest a spatially uniform normal strain of −0.06 μstrain/yr. The orientation of the contraction is compatible with geologic and seismic evidence of active folding and reverse faulting in the region. The magnitude of the contraction is consistent with convergence rates inferred from global plate motion models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07945","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Segall, P., 1987, Detection of a locked zone at depth on the Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7945-7962, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07945.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7945","endPage":"7962","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6de4b0c8380cd4f1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014225,"text":"70014225 - 1987 - Sedimentary processes on the northwestern Iberian continental margin viewed by long-range side-scan sonar and seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T11:40:12","indexId":"70014225","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary processes on the northwestern Iberian continental margin viewed by long-range side-scan sonar and seismic data","docAbstract":"The effects of an eastern boundary current in the North Atlantic have been mapped from about 39° north latitude along the Iberian margin to as far north as 43°30![\"^prime\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v55-58/misc/other/prime1.JPG\")
north latitude at the western margin of Galicia Bank. The geostrophic current has produced sediment drifts that are covered with bedforms. The sediment drifts are difficult to detect on Gloria long-range side-scan sonar data but are easily resolved on seismic-reflection records as anomalously thick accumulations of sediment banked against either buried or outcropping basement highs. The bedforms ornamenting the drift surfaces were subdivided into 1,000-m water-depth intervals, and their dimensions were tabulated. There are few bedforms in water depths less han 2,000 m, but from depths between 2,000 and 4,000 m they are numerous and have a mean wavelength of 695 m. Bedforms from depths greater than 4,000 m have a mean wavelength of 999 m. The different wavelengths from different water depths suggest two distinct and separated boundary flows. The wave heights of all bedforms found in water depths greater than 2,000 m are less than 10 m. In order to investigate the continuity of sediment drifting through geological time, the stratigraphic section drilled at DSDP Site 398 was reinterpreted and, using seismic-reflection profiles, was traced throughout the northern Iberian margin. Together, the lithostratigraphic and seismic data indicate that sediment drifting developed along this margin in the Eocene. The lithofacies of the Eocene section is t e oldest to have numerous layers of sand and silt. An unconformity separates the Eocene section from the latest Miocene-Pliocene section. The unconformity is interpreted to be the result of the initial pulses of Mediterranean outflow that followed the Messinian desiccation events. A second period of sediment drifting commenced during the Pliocene once the Mediterranean basin filled and the flow out of the Strait of Gibraltar resumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F8B43-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., and Kidd, R., 1987, Sedimentary processes on the northwestern Iberian continental margin viewed by long-range side-scan sonar and seismic data: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, no. 3, p. 397-407, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8B43-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"407","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a34e4b08c986b3170af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidd, Robert B.","contributorId":63544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014224,"text":"70014224 - 1987 - Origin of lead from green glass of Apollo 15426: A search for primitive lunar lead.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T13:46:14.455804","indexId":"70014224","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of lead from green glass of Apollo 15426: A search for primitive lunar lead.","docAbstract":"A major obstacle in lunar U-Pb chronology is the elusiveness of the primary Pb isotopic composition and U/Pb ratio and therefore the Pb evolution for the early history of the moon. In an attempt to seek the primitive lunar Pb isotopic composition, green glass from lunar clod 15426,49 was studied for U-Th-Pb systematics because it is extremely Mg-rich and known to be the most primitive among sampled lunar volcanic rocks. Green glass and yellow impact glass were handpicked, washed with water, then washed in an acid mixture (0.3 N HBr + 0.2 N HF), and the washes and residues were analyzed. In contrast to the Pb from Apollo 17 orange glass, Pb from the surface of the green glass spherules is totally different from that of the spherule interior, but is similar to lunar surface lead. Data for the interior Pb yield a 207Pb/206Pb age of 3.41 Ga. Because of the low Pb concentration and high U/Pb ratio observed for the interior, the initial Pb was poorly defined. Nevertheless, the data indicate that lunar Pb evolved in an environment with 238U/204Pb = 19–55, which is considerably lower than those for mare basalts (around 300) but higher than values for the earth (6–8).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB04p0E361","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tatsumoto, M., Premo, W.R., and Unruh, D., 1987, Origin of lead from green glass of Apollo 15426: A search for primitive lunar lead.: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B4, p. 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB04p0E361.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70e1e4b0c8380cd762ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014223,"text":"70014223 - 1987 - Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of the Beowawe Geysers geothermal area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:46:26.37892","indexId":"70014223","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of the Beowawe Geysers geothermal area, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Beowawe Geysers in north-central Nevada are the discharge from a hydrothermal-convection system in a region of high heat flow. The site of thermal-fluid upflow (at about 18 kg/s before drilling and well testing) appears to be related to the intersection at depth of two major fault zones. Assuming steady-state conditions, recharge within the drainage basin could account for both thermal and nonthermal ground-water discharge. Circulation of thermal fluid to depths exceeding 5 km is required to attain estimated temperatures of more than 220°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(87)90077-0","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., and Rush, F., 1987, Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of the Beowawe Geysers geothermal area, Nevada: Geothermics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 27-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(87)90077-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33f7e4b0c8380cd5f3dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rush, F. E.","contributorId":56234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rush","given":"F. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014840,"text":"70014840 - 1987 - Anchor ice, seabed freezing, and sediment dynamics in shallow arctic seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:54:57.361732","indexId":"70014840","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9137,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anchor ice, seabed freezing, and sediment dynamics in shallow arctic seas","docAbstract":"Diving investigations confirm previous circumstantial evidence of seafloor freezing and anchor ice accretion during freeze-up storms in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. These related bottom types were found to be continuous from shore to 2-m depth and spotty to 4.5-m depth. Spotty anchor ice occurred as pillow-shaped crystal aggregates on buried slabs of frozen sand surrounded by unfrozen sand. Considerations of required conditions for ice bonding and anchor ice growth allows regional extrapolation and suggests the possibility of anchor ice growth out to 20-m depth, the estimated maximum depth of supercooling during fall storms. Anchor ice and seabed freezing apparently do not develop during a calm freeze-up. Because of the abrupt growth of anchor ice during a freezing storm and its release soon after formation of a surface ice cover, this ice type has not been documented before. The concretelike nature of frozen bottom, where present, should prohibit sediment transport by any conceivable wave or current regime during the freezing storm. But elsewhere, particularly where the bonded crust is broken by grounded ice, anchor ice lifts coarse material off the bottom and incorporates it into the ice canopy, thereby leading to significant ice rafting of shallow shelf sediment and likely sediment loss to the deep sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC092iC13p14671","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Kempema, E., and Barnes, P.W., 1987, Anchor ice, seabed freezing, and sediment dynamics in shallow arctic seas: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, v. 92, no. C13, p. 14671-14678, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC13p14671.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"14671","endPage":"14678","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"C13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf3e4b0c8380cd48fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempema, E. W.","contributorId":105314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempema","given":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014691,"text":"70014691 - 1987 - Trend analysis of monthly sulfur dioxide emissions in the conterminous United States, 1975-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:11:23.154763","indexId":"70014691","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trend analysis of monthly sulfur dioxide emissions in the conterminous United States, 1975-1984","docAbstract":"Trends in monthly sulfur dioxide emissions for the 48 conterminous United States during the decade 1975-1984 are identified using a robust nonparametric procedure. Statistically significant downward trends are indicated in 32 States, upward trends appear in 10 States, and no significant trend is apparent in six States. Geographically, a distinct regional pattern of emission increases and decreases is evident with declines dominating the Eastern and Western States; increases aligning longitudinally from border to border in most of the Great Plains States, in several New England States, and in Georgia; and no trends frequently occurring in proximity to the upward trending emissions in the Plains States. A time-series decomposition of the monthly values indicates that one distinct emissions pattern commonly occurred through the period of record. This pattern is characterized by an initial emissions increase that peaks between 1977 and 1978, followed by a shallow and undulating decrease though the end of 1984. It is suggested that this signature represents the 'national' trend for the period. In addition, five regions of coherent sulfur dioxide emissions behavior are defined on the basis of seasonal occurrence of maximum and minimum emission loadings. A winter-summer, latitudinal opposition is apparent in the timing of emissions maxima, whereas an equinox-summer, longitudinal opposition is apparent in the timing of emissions minima.Trends in monthly sulfur dioxide emissions for the 48 conterminous United States during the decade 1975-1984 are identified using a robust nonparametric procedure. Statistically significant downward trends are indicated in 32 States, upward trends appear in 10 States, and no significant trend is apparent in six States. Geographically, a distinct regional pattern of emission increases and decreases is evident with declines dominating the Eastern and Western States; increases aligning longitudinally from border to border in most of the Great Plains States, in several New England States, and in Georgia; and no trends frequently occurring in proximity to the upward trending emissions in the Plains States. A time-series decomposition of the monthly values indicates that one distinct emissions pattern commonly occurred through the period of record. This pattern is characterized by an initial emissions increase that peaks between 1977 and 1978, followed by a shallow and undulating decrease through the end of 1984. It is suggested that this signature represents the 'national' trend for the period. Additional study results are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(87)90365-9","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., 1987, Trend analysis of monthly sulfur dioxide emissions in the conterminous United States, 1975-1984: Atmospheric Environment, v. 21, no. 11, p. 2297-2309, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90365-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2297","endPage":"2309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7c6e4b08c986b32748d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014222,"text":"70014222 - 1987 - Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:59:40.580603","indexId":"70014222","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development","docAbstract":"Playa-lake basins of the Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico, may originate wherever water periodically can collect in a surficial depression. They expand, however, by hydrologic and geomorphic processes including (1) dissolution of lithologic carbonates by infiltrating water; (2) transport downward of fine-grained clastic and organic material by the infiltrating ground water, leading to continuing processes of oxidation and carbonate dissolution in the subsurface; and (3) eolian removal of clastic material from the floor of playa lakes, which at some sites appears to have deepened playa depressions.
Evidence for largely hydrologic processes of playa-basin development on the Southern High Plains includes (1) a geographic occurrence restricted to relatively flat areas of the High Plains surface that have poorly developed fluvial drainage and which are underlain by generally unsaturated clastic and calcrete beds; (2) a tendency to occur where water collects and infiltrates, as along ephemeral streams and lineations suggestive of fracture systems; and (3) hydrologic, geochemical, petrographic, and bore-hole data, which suggest that recharge to the High Plains aquifer is principally from playa lakes, that various geochemical changes including carbonate dissolution and enhancement of secondary porosity occur as water moves downward through the unsaturated zone beneath playa lakes, and that calcrete beds often are missing or significantly dissolved beneath playa floors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<215:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W., and Wood, W., 1987, Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 2, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<215:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c37e4b0c8380cd7987c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, Waite wroster@usgs.gov","contributorId":2515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"Waite","email":"wroster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015324,"text":"70015324 - 1987 - Climatic implications of alternating clay and carbonate formation in semiarid soils of South-Central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T11:14:46","indexId":"70015324","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic implications of alternating clay and carbonate formation in semiarid soils of South-Central Montana","docAbstract":"Evidence for climatic change is found in petrographic thin sections from soils formed on glaciofluvial deposits of Rock Creek and the lower Clarks Fork, Montana. These soils, presently in a semiarid climate, range from late Pliocene to Holocene in age, and have undergone periodic fluctuations in soil moisture caused by climatic changes. In the lower parts of soil B horizons, accretion of illuvial layers of clay (argillans) occurs mainly during wet (glacial) climatic periods, whereas carbonate precipitates mainly during dry (interglacial) climatic periods. Thin-section studies of the argillan and carbonate layers show that: (1) post-Pinedale soils that have formed only in the present interglacial climate contain areas of secondary carbonate unrelated to argillans, (2) soils formed on outwash of successively older glaciations contain proportionately more alternating layers of argillans and carbonate, and (3) the maximum number and sequence of layers in a soil correspond to the number of local cycles of glacial-outwash deposition and subsequent stream incision that followed the beginning of soil formation. These cycles are inferred to correspond to local glacial-interglacial fluctuations. The correspondence between the microscopic record and the glacial-outwash record for Rock Creek suggests that some of the climatic changes seen in the marine oxygen-isotope record did not strongly affect the study area. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90083-4","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 1987, Climatic implications of alternating clay and carbonate formation in semiarid soils of South-Central Montana: Quaternary Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 270-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90083-4.","startPage":"270","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266536,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90083-4"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f667e4b0c8380cd4c73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014219,"text":"70014219 - 1987 - Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:27:25","indexId":"70014219","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","docAbstract":"The effects of three methods of data selection upon the assumed main field levels for geomagnetic observatory records used in main field modeling were investigated for a year of very low solar-terrestrial activity. The first method concerned the differences between the year's average of quiet day field values and the average of all values during the year. For H these differences were 2-3 gammas, for D they were -0.04 to -0.12???, for Z the differences were negligible. The second method of selection concerned the effects of the daytime internal Sq variations upon the daily mean values of field. The midnight field levels when the Sq currents were a minimum deviated from the daily mean levels by as much as 4-7 gammas in H and Z but were negligible for D. The third method of selection was designed to avoid the annual and semi-annual quiet level changes of field caused by the seasonal changes in the magnetosphere. Contributions from these changes were found to be as much as 4-7 gammas in quiet years and expected to be greater than 10 gammas in active years. Suggestions for improved methods of improved data selection in main field modeling are given. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1987, Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 193-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0.","startPage":"193","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0"},{"id":226007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b929ae4b08c986b319fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015121,"text":"70015121 - 1987 - Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. III: Solubilities of halite in vapor-saturated liquids above 445°C and redetermination of phase equilibrium properties in the system NaCl-H2O to 1000°C and 1500 bars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T13:12:24","indexId":"70015121","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. III: Solubilities of halite in vapor-saturated liquids above 445°C and redetermination of phase equilibrium properties in the system NaCl-H2O to 1000°C and 1500 bars","docAbstract":"Halite solubilities along the three-phase curve in the binary system NaCl-H2O determined by DTA experiment can be represented by the equation Wt.% NaCl (±0.2) = 19.39 − 0.0364t + 3.553 × 10−4T2 − 2.298 × 10−7T3, where 447≦ T ≦ 800°C. Even though these halite solubilities are up to ~7 wt.% higher than those reported in literature, extrapolated values at temperatures below 447°C merge with the literature values. It is considered that the equation adequately describes halite solubilities between 382 and 800°C. The newly established solubility data are believed to be more reliable because they are compatible with data obtained by using synthetic fluid inclusions and with the observed DTA signals and also because they were measured in a relatively corrosion-free system.
\nIn an earlier publication (GUNTER et al., 1983), we were puzzled greatly by multiple and rather unreproducible DTA peaks appearing during isobaric cooling (heating experiments were nondefinitive) at pressures below about 500 bars. These DTA signals apparently suggested that the “halite liquidus” swung sharply upward in temperature as pressure decreased from about 500 bars to that of the halite-saturated boiling curve. Further analysis of the data and helpful discussions with several individuals have revealed that the behavior is a consequence of the initial (precooling) separation of the fluid into NaCl-poor gas and NaCl-rich liquid that failed to homogenize in the short time encompassed by the DTA experiments. The present analysis is based on extrapolations of the ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787901852-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
slopes from pressures above 500 bars.
\nThrough use of these new halite solubility data and the data from synthetic fluid inclusions [formed by healing fractures in inclusion-free Brazilian quartz in the presence of two coexisting, immiscible NaCl-H2O fluids at various temperatures and pressures (Bodnar et al., 1985)], phase equilibria in the system NaCl-H2O have been redetermined to 1000°C and 1500 bars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90185-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., 1987, Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. III: Solubilities of halite in vapor-saturated liquids above 445°C and redetermination of phase equilibrium properties in the system NaCl-H2O to 1000°C and 1500 bars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 7, p. 1965-1975, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90185-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1965","endPage":"1975","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a787fe4b0c8380cd786f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015123,"text":"70015123 - 1987 - Computer graphics for quality control in the INAA of geological samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015123","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2440,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer graphics for quality control in the INAA of geological samples","docAbstract":"A data reduction system for the routine instrumental activation analysis of samples is described, with particular emphasis on interactive graphics capabilities for evaluating analytical quality. Graphics procedures have been developed to interactively control the analysis of selected photopeaks during spectral analysis, and to evaluate detector performance during a given counting cycle. Graphics algorithms are also used to compare the data on reference samples with accepted values, to prepare quality control charts to evaluate long term precision and to search for systematic variations in data on reference samples as a function of time. ?? 1987 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02036047","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., and Baedecker, P.A., 1987, Computer graphics for quality control in the INAA of geological samples: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, v. 113, no. 1, p. 43-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02036047.","startPage":"43","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036047"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f957e4b0c8380cd4d590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015124,"text":"70015124 - 1987 - A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:46:45","indexId":"70015124","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","docAbstract":"The rate of Cd2+ sorption by calcite was determined as a function of pH and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to calcite but undersaturated with respect to CdCO3. The sorption is characterized by two reaction steps, with the first reaching completion within 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least 7 days. The rate of calcite recrystallization was also studied, using a Ca2+ isotopic exchange technique. Both the recrystallization rate of calcite and the rate of slow Cd2+ sorption decrease with increasing pH or with increasing Mg2+. The recrystallization rate could be predicted from the number of moles of Ca present in the hydrated surface layer. A model is presented which is consistent with the rates of Cd2+ sorption and Ca2+ isotopic exchange. In the model, the first step in Cd2+ sorption involves a fast adsorption reaction that is followed by diffusion of Cd2+ into a surface layer of hydrated CaCO3 that overlies crystalline calcite. Desorption of Cd2+ from the hydrated layer is slow. The second step is solid solution formation in new crystalline material, which grows from the disordered mixture of Cd and Ca carbonate in the hydrated surface layer. Calculated distribution coefficients for solid solutions formed at the surface are slightly greater than the ratio of equilibrium constants for dissolution of calcite and CdCO3, which is the value that would be expected for an ideal solid solution in equilibrium with the aqueous solution. ?? 1987.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Fuller, C.C., and Cook, A., 1987, A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1477-1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1490","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47de4b0c8380cd46671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, A.D.","contributorId":53530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015126,"text":"70015126 - 1987 - Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:37:04.127499","indexId":"70015126","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","docAbstract":"K-Ar ages of illite alteration associated with Middle Proterozoic Athabasca unconformity-type U deposits in Saskatchewan range from 414 to 1493 Ma. The K-Ar ages correlate with water contents and δD values such that illites with young K-Ar ages have δD values as low as −169 and water contents as high as 7.7 wt.% whereas illites with older ages have δD values near −70 and water contents near 4 wt.%. Water extracted at 400°C from illites with low δD values and high water contents has low δD and δ18O values similar to those of modern meteoric water suggesting that some of the illites associated with the original deposition of the ore underwent varying degrees of retrograde alteration. The alteration is initiated by hydration of sites in the interlayer region of the illite which results in the partial resetting of the K-Ar ages and introduction of excess structural water in the form of interlamellar water. The interlamellar water is enriched in 18O by about 7 per mil relative to the water that physically surrounded the clay particle. Further alteration decreases the δD value and increases the δ18O value of the illite by isotopic exchange between the mineral and the interlamellar water. Although the chemical compositions and XRD patterns of the altered illites indicate that no detectable smectite component is present in the samples, the isotopic results suggest that the altered illites may be an early precursor in the formation of mixed-layer illite/smectite by retrograde alteration of pure illite. The wide variation of δD values of chlorite and kaolinite from these U deposits is analogous to that of the illite suggesting that retrograde alteration of clays by meteoric water can be substantial. The general association of altered clays with areas containing the highest concentrations of U is probably related to localized permeability within the ore zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M., Kyser, T., Mehnert, H.H., and Hoeve, J., 1987, Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 4, p. 869-878, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M.R.","contributorId":31529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyser, T.K.","contributorId":25585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyser","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoeve, J.","contributorId":80429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeve","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015127,"text":"70015127 - 1987 - INAA determination of major and trace elements in loess, paleosol and precipitation layers in a pleistocene Loess Section, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015127","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2440,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"INAA determination of major and trace elements in loess, paleosol and precipitation layers in a pleistocene Loess Section, China","docAbstract":"Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of 31 major and trace elements in 32 samples from the Xinji Loess Section, Shaanxi Province, China. Interferences, including those from uranium fission products, were evaluated and corrections applied where necessary. The 39.7-meter deep section comprises of Lishi Loess of the middle Pleistocene (Q2) and Malan Loess of the late Pleistocene (Q3). The section is characterized by the presence of 5 layers of paleosol, and each paleosol is underlain by a precipitation layer. When the elemental abundances are converted to a carbonate-free basis, there is little compositional difference among the carbonate-free fractions of loess, paleosol and precipitation layers. This indicates that dissolution of carbonate minerals by downward-moving surface water was an important process in paleosol formation while other minerals were not severely weathered and elemental fractionation was minimal. The parent materials of the paleosol and precipitation layers closely resemble the loess layers in their elemental abundances, which suggests that all layers in the section have a compositionally similar source. ?? 1987 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02055029","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Tian, J., Chou, C.L., and Ehmann, W., 1987, INAA determination of major and trace elements in loess, paleosol and precipitation layers in a pleistocene Loess Section, China: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, v. 110, no. 1, p. 261-274, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02055029.","startPage":"261","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055029"},{"id":224350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37cde4b0c8380cd6118d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, J.","contributorId":18516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehmann, W.D.","contributorId":35473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehmann","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015128,"text":"70015128 - 1987 - Geochemical studies in the Indian Pass and Picacho Peak Bureau of Land Management Wilderness study areas, imperial county, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T23:49:21.153402","indexId":"70015128","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical studies in the Indian Pass and Picacho Peak Bureau of Land Management Wilderness study areas, imperial county, Southern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted geochemical studies in the Indian Pass (CDCA-355), 124 km2, and Picacho Peak (CDCA-355A), 23 km2, Wilderness Study Areas (WSA's) as part of a program to evaluate the mineral resource potential of designated areas in the California Desert Conservation Area. These two WSA's are of particular interest because they lie within a region which has intermittently produced significant quantities of Au since the mid-1800's, and is currently the site of much exploration activity for additional Au resources. Within a 15-km radius of the WSA's, there is one actively producing gold mine, a major deposit which began production in 1986, and one recently announced discovery. In the reconnaissance geochemical surveys of the two WSA's - 177 μm (-80 mesh) stream sediments, heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments, and rocks were prepared and analyzed.
Four areas of possible exploration interest were identified within the WSA's. The first area is characterized by anomalous W and Bi in nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrates, and is underlain primarily by the Mesozoic Orocopia Schist which has been intruded by monzogranite of Oligocene age. Alteration and mineralization appear to be localized near the intrusive contact. The mineralized rock at the surface contains secondary Cu and Fe minerals where the monzogranite intrudes the metabasite horizons of the Orocopia Schist and scheelite where the monzogranite intrudes marble within the Orocopia Schist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(87)90064-1","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Berger, B.R., and Tosdal, R., 1987, Geochemical studies in the Indian Pass and Picacho Peak Bureau of Land Management Wilderness study areas, imperial county, Southern California: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 28, no. 1-3, p. 479-494, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90064-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16ace4b0c8380cd5521a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014218,"text":"70014218 - 1987 - Economics of the coal industry east of the Mississippi, 1973-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:28:54.977806","indexId":"70014218","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economics of the coal industry east of the Mississippi, 1973-1982","docAbstract":"Government regulations on health, safety and environment have been poppular blamed for the declining productivity in U.S. coal mines since 1970. The stagnation in the coal industry east of the Mississippi is alleged to have been caused by this declining productivity and by the growth of cheaper and cleaner coal production west of the Mississippi. Economic evidence suggests, however, that productivity declines were more due to a relative lowering of labor costs in comparison with coal prices and due to work stoppages. The development of western coals fields was spurred by growth in local demand and had only a relatively small impact on coal production east of the Mississippi. Problems of the eastern coal industry are rooted mainly in slow economic growth in eastern U.S. which must be addressed in the long-term interests of the eastern coal industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(87)90073-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Bhagwat, S., 1987, Economics of the coal industry east of the Mississippi, 1973-1982: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 367-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(87)90073-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0591e4b0c8380cd50e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhagwat, S.B.","contributorId":58025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhagwat","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014217,"text":"70014217 - 1987 - Coal deposits of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:12:26.417172","indexId":"70014217","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal deposits of the United States","docAbstract":"The coal fields of the Unites States can be divided into six major provinces. The Appalachian and Interior Provinces contain dominantly bituminous coal in strata of Pennsylvanian age. The coal seams are relatively thin and are mined both by surface and underground methods. Sulfyur content is low to moderate in the Appalachian Province, generally high in the Interior province. The Gulf Coastal Plain Province, in Texas and neighboring states, contains lignite of Eocene age. The seams are 3–25 ft (0.9–7.5 m) thick and are minded in large open pits. The Northern Great Plains Province has lignite and subbituminous coal of Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene age. The coal, largely very low in sulfur, occurs in beds up to 100 ft (30 m) thick and is strip-mined. The Rocky Mountain Province contains a great variety of coal deposits in numerous separate intermontane basins. Most of it is low-sulfur subbituminous to bituminous coal iof Creatceous and early Tertiary age. The seams range from a few feet to over 100 ft (30 m) thick. Strip-mining dominates but underground mines are important in Utah and Colorado. The Pacific Coast Province, which includes Alaska, contains enormous cola resources but has seen little mining. The coal is highly diverse in physical character and geologic setting.
Particle displacements from incident plane waves at the wall of a fluid-filled borehole are formulated by applying the seismic reciprocity theorem to far-field displacement fields. Such displacement fields are due to point forces acting on a fluid-filled borehole under the assumption of long wavelengths. The displacement fields are analyzed to examine the effect of the borehole on seismic wave propagation, particularly for vertical seismic profiling (VSP) measurements.When the shortest wavelength of interest is approximately 25 times longer than the borehole's diameter, the scattered displacements are proportional to the first power of incident frequency and borehole diameter. The maximum scattered energy occurs when an incident P-wave propagates perpendicular to the borehole. Borehole effects on VSP measurements, such as waveform distortion, amplitude variation, and time delay, have been analyzed using the concept of a transfer function. When the shortest wavelength of interest is about 40 times longer than the borehole's diameter, borehole effects on VSP measurements using a wall-locking geophone are negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442389","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1987, Particle displacements on the wall of a borehole from incident plane waves: Geophysics, v. 52, no. 9, p. 1290-1296, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442389.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a732ae4b0c8380cd76ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014266,"text":"70014266 - 1987 - The use of variable temperature and magic-angle sample spinning in studies of fulvic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T21:52:59","indexId":"70014266","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2372,"text":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of variable temperature and magic-angle sample spinning in studies of fulvic acids","docAbstract":"Intensity distortions and poor signal to noise in the cross-polarization magic-angle sample spinning NMR of fulvic acids were investigated and attributed to molecular mobility in these ostensibly \"solid\" materials. We have shown that inefficiencies in cross polarization can be overcome by lowering the sample temperature to about -60??C. These difficulties can be generalized to many other synthetic and natural products. The use of variable temperature and cross-polarization intensity as a function of contact time can yield valuable qualitative information which can aid in the characterization of many materials. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0022-2364(87)90337-4","issn":"00222364","usgsCitation":"Earl, W., Wershaw, R., and Thorn, K.A., 1987, The use of variable temperature and magic-angle sample spinning in studies of fulvic acids: Journal of Magnetic Resonance, v. 74, no. 2, p. 264-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(87)90337-4.","startPage":"264","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268062,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(87)90337-4"},{"id":225696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb19fe4b08c986b325374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earl, W.L.","contributorId":25295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earl","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014265,"text":"70014265 - 1987 - Suggested terminology for Quaternary dating methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T12:13:30","indexId":"70014265","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggested terminology for Quaternary dating methods","docAbstract":"Classification of Quaternary dating methods should be based on the level of quantitative information and the degree of confidence contained in the age estimates produced by the dating methods. We recommend the use of the terms numerical-age, calibrated-age, relative-age, and correlated-age to describe these levels. We also classify dating methods by type into sideral, isotopic, radiogenic, chemical and biological, geomorphic, and correlation methods. The use of \"absolute\" is inappropriate for most dating methods, and should be replaced by \"numerical.\" The use of \"date\" should be minimized in favor of \"age\" or \"age estimate.\" We recommend use of the abbreviations ka and Ma for most ages; calendar dates can be used where appropriate and yr B.P. can be used for radiocarbon ages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90070-6","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Pierce, K.L., and Birkeland, P.W., 1987, Suggested terminology for Quaternary dating methods: Quaternary Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 314-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90070-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9db3e4b08c986b31da00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birkeland, P. W.","contributorId":44215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014263,"text":"70014263 - 1987 - Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:22:23","indexId":"70014263","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.","docAbstract":"The distribution of fracture permeability in granitic rocks was investigated by measuring the distribution of vertical flow in boreholes during periods of steady pumping. Pumping tests were conducted at two sites chosen to provide examples of moderately fractured rocks near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire and intensely fractured rocks near Oracle, Arizona. A sensitive heat-pulse flowmeter was used for accurate measurements of vertical flow as low as 0.2 liter per minute. Results indicate zones of fracture permeability in crystalline rocks are composed of irregular conduits that cannot be approximated by planar fractures of uniform aperture, and that the orientation of permeability zones may be unrelated to the orientation of individual fractures within those zones.-Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02113.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Hess, A., Cheng, C., and Hardin, E., 1987, Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.: Ground Water, v. 25, no. 1, p. 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02113.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c8e4b0c8380cd4befa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardin, E.","contributorId":68045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014262,"text":"70014262 - 1987 - The vertical attenuation of light in Charlotte Harbor, a shallow, subtropical estuary, south-western Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T15:34:11.943353","indexId":"70014262","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The vertical attenuation of light in Charlotte Harbor, a shallow, subtropical estuary, south-western Florida","docAbstract":"The relative contribution of different components to the attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation was determined in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system based on laboratory and in situ measurements. Agreement between laboratory and in situ measurements of the attenuation coefficient (kt) was good (r2 = 0·92). For all in situ measurements (n = 100), suspended, non-chlorophyll matter accounted for an average of 72% of kt, dissolved matter accounted for 21%, suspended chlorophyll for 4%, and water for the remaining 3%.
For individual determinations, suspended non-chlorophyll matter, dissolved matter, suspended chlorophyll, and water, each accounted for as much as 99%, 79%, 21%, and 18% of kt. Attenuation by suspended matter was greatest near the mouth of the northern tidal rivers and was variable over the rest of the estuarine system. Attenuation by dissolved matter was greatest in the brackish tidal rivers and decreased with increasing salinity. Attenuation due to dissolved matter was positively correlated with water color. The source of the color was basin runoff. Wavelength transmittance changed along the salinity gradient. Maximum transmittance shifted from 500 to 600 nm in gulf waters to 650 to 700 nm in colored, brackish waters. Dissolved matter was primarily responsible for the large attenuation at short wavelengths (400–500 nm).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(87)90018-7","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., and Miller, R.L., 1987, The vertical attenuation of light in Charlotte Harbor, a shallow, subtropical estuary, south-western Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 25, no. 6, p. 721-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(87)90018-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"737","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.04007255485227,\n 26.4496550268223\n ],\n [\n -82.01784993280799,\n 26.4496550268223\n ],\n [\n -81.98769066003393,\n 26.48375824865549\n ],\n [\n -82.00197663134834,\n 26.51501065387326\n ],\n [\n -82.03372323426765,\n 26.534894121615466\n ],\n [\n -82.05356486109258,\n 26.564712863360683\n ],\n [\n -82.04007255485227,\n 26.590975328118788\n ],\n [\n -82.04483454529017,\n 26.61510309248503\n ],\n [\n -82.07023182762558,\n 26.66759886199503\n ],\n [\n -82.06943816255298,\n 26.7193615710587\n ],\n [\n -82.05039020080065,\n 26.778231744524334\n ],\n [\n -82.03610422948697,\n 26.801611489345362\n ],\n [\n -82.04562821036275,\n 26.831360559011287\n ],\n [\n -82.04642187543614,\n 26.871013833687513\n ],\n [\n -82.02261192324589,\n 26.872429765065675\n ],\n [\n -82.02261192324589,\n 26.898621296696902\n ],\n [\n -82.05197753094659,\n 26.93046767799825\n ],\n [\n -82.02658024861118,\n 26.93825098196632\n ],\n [\n -81.99880197105566,\n 26.94957119227378\n ],\n [\n -81.9757856839388,\n 26.969378824191168\n ],\n [\n -81.99324631554516,\n 27.006155182159844\n ],\n [\n -82.04324721514419,\n 27.01888265836091\n ],\n [\n -82.06308884196912,\n 27.03231565264923\n ],\n [\n -82.08689879415857,\n 27.05140188047416\n ],\n [\n -82.30198202894097,\n 27.049988197124236\n ],\n [\n -82.28531506240796,\n 27.013933255553397\n ],\n [\n -82.27420375138621,\n 26.99625503766825\n ],\n [\n -82.25912411499917,\n 26.991304638575627\n ],\n [\n -82.24960013412338,\n 26.979281333820182\n ],\n [\n -82.25118746426934,\n 26.96654937574398\n ],\n [\n -82.22896484222508,\n 26.94957119227378\n ],\n [\n -82.21309154076543,\n 26.946741246277995\n ],\n [\n -82.20436122496224,\n 26.935420751770693\n ],\n [\n -82.30674401937887,\n 26.849064630481195\n ],\n [\n -82.27102909109428,\n 26.785317024343144\n ],\n [\n -82.265473435583,\n 26.713735386981824\n ],\n [\n -82.26150511021997,\n 26.67745950086156\n ],\n [\n -82.243250813541,\n 26.647670139809932\n ],\n [\n -82.22420285178866,\n 26.61503477709539\n ],\n [\n -82.22102819149673,\n 26.58664862685066\n ],\n [\n -82.20912321540162,\n 26.574582380871064\n ],\n [\n -82.18451959813879,\n 26.481558698447174\n ],\n [\n -82.1456300095623,\n 26.46024496155016\n ],\n [\n -82.08293046879554,\n 26.43466326753544\n ],\n [\n -82.04007255485227,\n 26.4496550268223\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b8e4b08c986b3253be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014261,"text":"70014261 - 1987 - Mineralogical basis for the interpretation of multi-element (ICP-AES), oxalic acid, and aqua regia partial digestions of stream sediments for reconnaissance exploration geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T23:51:59.050516","indexId":"70014261","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical basis for the interpretation of multi-element (ICP-AES), oxalic acid, and aqua regia partial digestions of stream sediments for reconnaissance exploration geochemistry","docAbstract":"We have applied partial digestion procedures, primarily oxalic acid and aqua regia leaches, to several regional geochemical reconnaissance studies carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analytical methods. We have chosen to use these two acids because the oxalic acid primarily attacks those compounds formed during secondary geochemical processes, whereas aqua regia will digest the primary sulfide phases as well as secondary phases. Application of the partial digestion technique has proven superior to total digestion because the concentration of metals in hydromorphic compounds and the sulfides is enhanced relative to the metals bound in the unattacked silicate phases. The aqua regia digestion attacks and leaches metals from the mafic chain silicates and the phyllosilicates (coordination number of VI or more), yielding a characteristic geochemical signature, but does not leach appreciable metal from many other silicates.
In order to interpret the results from these leach studies, we have initiated an investigation of a large suite of hand-picked mineral separates. The study includes analyses of about two hundred minerals representing the common rock-forming minerals as well as end-member compositions of various silicates, oxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, and some vanadates, molybdates, tungstates, and phosphates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of leaching by acids of particular lattice sites in specific mineral structures.