Trace metals that are commonly associated with mineralization were concentrated and separated from natural water by coprecipitation with ammonium pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and cobalt and determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The method is useful in hydrogeochemical surveys because it permits preconcentration near the sample sites, and selected metals are preserved shortly after the samples are collected. The procedure is relatively simple: (1) a liter of water is filtered; (2) the pH is adjusted; (3) Co chloride and APDC are added to coprecipitate the trace metals; and (4) later, the precipitate is filtered, dissolved, and diluted to 10 ml for a 100-fold concentration enrichment of the separated metals. Sb(III), As(III), Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, Ag, V, and Zn can then be determined simultaneously by ICP-AES. In an experiment designed to measure the coprecipitation efficiency, Sb(III), Cd and Ag were recovered at 70 to 75% of their original concentration. The remaining metals were recovered at 85 to 100% of their original concentrations, however. The range for the lower limits of determination for the metals after preconcentration is 0.1 to 3.0 μg/l.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(91)90008-I","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, D., 1991, An analytical method for hydrogeochemical surveys: Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after using enrichment coprecipitation with cobalt and ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 41, no. 3, p. 349-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90008-I.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f8e4b0c8380cd4856d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016384,"text":"70016384 - 1991 - Surface features of central North America: a synoptic view from computer graphics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T10:55:40","indexId":"70016384","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface features of central North America: a synoptic view from computer graphics","docAbstract":"A digital shaded-relief image of the 48 contiguous United States shows the details of large- and small-scale landforms, including several linear trends. The features faithfully reflect tectonism, continental glaciation, fluvial activity, volcanism, and other surface-shaping events and processes. The new map not only depicts topography accurately and in its true complexity, but does so in one synoptic view that provides a regional context for geologic analysis unobscured by clouds, culture, vegetation, or artistic constraints. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","issn":"10525173","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 1991, Surface features of central North America: a synoptic view from computer graphics: GSA Today, v. 1, no. 11, p. 1-251.","startPage":"1","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268112,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/1/11/pdf/i1052-5173-1-11-sci.pdf"}],"volume":"1","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9faee4b08c986b31e794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016522,"text":"70016522 - 1991 - Proposed method of hydrogeochemical exploration for salt deposits using ClBr ratios, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T12:25:59.538261","indexId":"70016522","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proposed method of hydrogeochemical exploration for salt deposits using ClBr ratios, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Despite the value of the salt (NaCl) and brine used by the chemical industry, geochemical prospecting techniques are not customarily employed in the search for these raw materials. In this study, Br geochemistry is used as the basis for a proposed hydrogeochemical prospecting technique that was designed to search for shallow halite beds in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Near-surface brine samples were collected at Sabkhah Jayb Uwayyid, both directly above and distant from a buried salt bed. Brine samples collected both directly above and offset to the north-west of the salt bed had Cl![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
Br ratios > 8000. The regional background ClBr ratio of fresh nonmarime ground water is ≈300. The large range in ClBr ratios and the association of high ClBr ratios with the buried salt body suggest that the ratio can be useful in hydrogeochemical prospecting for sibakh-associated, shallow salt bodies.
The computer code MBSSAS uses two-parameter Margules-type excess-free-energy of mixing equations to calculate thermodynamic equilibrium, pure-phase saturation, and stoichiometric saturation states in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems. Lippmann phase diagrams, Roozeboom diagrams, and distribution-coefficient diagrams can be constructed from the output data files, and also can be displayed by MBSSAS (on IBM-PC compatible computers). MBSSAS also will calculate accessory information, such as the location of miscibility gaps, spinodal gaps, critical-mixing points, alyotropic extrema, Henry's law solid-phase activity coefficients, and limiting distribution coefficients. Alternatively, MBSSAS can use such information (instead of the Margules, Guggenheim, or Thompson and Waldbaum excess-free-energy parameters) to calculate the appropriate excess-free-energy of mixing equation for any given SSAS system.
We present a new compilation of the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Tharsis region of Mars that incorporates recent advances in understanding its stratigraphy, and we introduce a lithospheric deformation model that can account for the observations. The first period in the formation of Tharsis occurred in Late Noachian/Early Hesperian time with the deposition of volcanic plains materials throughout the surrounding highlands (e.g., Lunae Planum) and on the Tharsis rise (which includes the giant volcanoes and surrounding, elevated lava fields). Extensive radial normal faulting occurred on the rise, locally extending outward at Valles Marineris and Tempe Terra, and concentric wrinkle ridges formed along the edge of the rise. This regional deformation appears to have been modulated by a global compressional stress field due to rapid planetary cooling and contraction. The second period occurred during the Late Hesperian/Amazonian with Tharsis volcanism centered on the rise and radial extensional deformation that extended from the center of the rise for thousands of kilometers. We propose a model in which the lithosphere beneath Tharsis consists of a thin elastic crustal cap on the rise that is mechanically detached from the strong upper mantle by a volcanically thickened, hot, weak lower crust. These layers merge into a single cooler, strong lithospheric layer around the edges of the rise. This model is capable of generating large extensional hoop stresses throughout much of the western hemisphere, in agreement with observations. The tectonic interpretation of the stresses predicted by this model requires the reconciliation of extensional strain within narrow grabens and compressional strain within wrinkle ridges with (1) processes in the deeper lithosphere, (2) the sparsity of strike-slip faults, and (3) other global or locally important stress fields. Stresses predicted by global models affect the entire thickness of the lithosphere, and they can be reconciled with narrow, closely spaced grabens that accommodate large amounts of extensional strain in the upper few kilometers of the lithosphere if the grabens are underlain and kinematically linked with dikes or other tension cracks, such as hydrofractures. Deeper levels of the lithosphere can accommodate this strain by elastic expansion if grabens are spaced far apart (many tens to hundreds of kilometers). Mechanical considerations suggest that deformation on faults beneath wrinkle ridges could extend through a significant thickness of the brittle crust. A number of factors, including stresses generated by the addition of overburden, intrusion of dikes, weakness of geologic materials under extension, and the laterally constrained nature of a single lithospheric plate, may have inhibited the formation of strike-slip faults on Mars. Stresses generated from the removal of overburden could have augmented planetwide wrinkle ridge formation during the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian and in Kasei Valles and western Chryse Planitia during the Early Amazonian. The nonuniform distribution of tectonic features around Tharsis can be understood in terms of the concentration of regional stresses and strain near weaker volcanotectonic centers.
The 155 km wide, 310 km long Sitka Sound – Atlin Lake continent–ocean transect includes almost all the geologic, geophysical, and geotectonic elements of the Canadian Cordillera. It crosses the Chugach, Wrangellia, Alexander, Stikine, and Cache Creek terranes, the Gravina and Laberge overlap assemblages, intrusive and metamorphic belts, and neotectonic faults that bound major blocks. Linear belts of magnetic highs are associated with Jurassic and Cretaceous granitic belts in Wrangellia and the western and central parts of the Alexander terrane and with the granitic rocks of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex (CPMC). The Border Ranges fault may be expressed at depth on either side of the Peril Strait fault. An enigmatic northeast-trending gradient in the CPMC and adjacent rocks separates a regional magnetic low to the northwest from a 300 nT high field to the southeast. The Bouguer gravity field decreases in broad steps from Pacific crust high values to lows at the international boundary, with pronounced gradients at the east edge of Chugach terrane and west edge of of CPMC. It indicates that the crust thickens from about 20 to 40 km from southwest to northeast. Ultramafic bodies in the Chugach, Alexander, and Wrangellia terranes and Gravina assemblage underlie local highs. Most of the accumulated seismic strain is released by large earthquakes on the Fairweather – Queen Charlotte Islands plate-margin fault, but the northern part of the Glacier Bay region, the Denali fault zone, and the Coast Mountains also have significant seismicity. Part of the Glacier Bay region is being uplifted at a high rate. Most of these features are related to the joining of (i) Wrangellia to Alexander terrane (Carboniferous), (ii) Stikine to Cache Creek terrane (Early Jurassic), (iii) Alexander terrane and Gravina assemblage to Stikine (Late Cretaceous), and (iv) Chugach to Wrangellia and Alexander terrane (Late Cretaceous or Paleogene).
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e91-077","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., Karl, S.M., Barnes, D., Jachens, R., Ford, A.B., and Horner, R., 1991, A northern Cordilleran ocean-continent transect: Sitka Sound, Alaska, to Atlin Lake, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, no. 6, p. 840-853, https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-077.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"853","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Atlin Lake, Sitka Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.5241906864212,\n 57.470765580093484\n ],\n [\n -135.02273584236966,\n 56.73536265956932\n ],\n [\n -132.5284076502953,\n 59.347930175602784\n ],\n [\n -135.1723955338938,\n 59.94202022251474\n ],\n [\n -137.5241906864212,\n 57.470765580093484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c0e4b0c8380cd468cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, A. B.","contributorId":44924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horner, R.","contributorId":93000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016517,"text":"70016517 - 1991 - Heat capacities of kaolinite from 7 to 380 K and of DMSO- intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:16:15","indexId":"70016517","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Heat capacities of kaolinite from 7 to 380 K and of DMSO- intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4","title":"Heat capacities of kaolinite from 7 to 380 K and of DMSO- intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4","docAbstract":"The heat capacities of kaolinite (7 to 380 K) and of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalated kaolinite (20 to 310 K) were measured by adiabatically shielded calorimetry. The third law entropy of kaolinite, S°298, is 200.9 ± 0.5 J ⋅ mol-1 ⋅ K-1.
The \"melting point\" of the DMSO in the intercalate, 288.0 ± 0.2 K, is 3.7 K lower than that of pure DMSO, 291.67 K. The heat capacity of DMSO in the intercalate above 290 K is approximately 5.2 J ⋅ mol-1 ⋅ K-1 smaller than that of pure liquid DMSO at the same temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390404","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., and Hemingway, B., 1991, Heat capacities of kaolinite from 7 to 380 K and of DMSO- intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 39, no. 4, p. 362-368, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390404.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2febe4b0c8380cd5d1ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016516,"text":"70016516 - 1991 - Implications for organic maturation studies of evidence of a geologically rapid increase and stabilization of vitrinite reflectance at peak temperature: Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T15:35:41.392266","indexId":"70016516","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for organic maturation studies of evidence of a geologically rapid increase and stabilization of vitrinite reflectance at peak temperature: Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Mexico","docAbstract":"A short-term rapid heating and cooling of the rock in well M-94 below 1300 m was caused by a pulse of hot water passing through the edge of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal system. Below 1300 m, the peak paleotemperatures were about 225-250 degrees C, but equilibrium well log temperatures indicate a decrease to 150-210 degrees C at present. This hot water pulse sharply increased vitrinite reflectance to levels comparable to those measured in the central part of the system, even though studies of apatite fission-track annealing indicate that the duration of heating was only 10{0}-10{1} yr in M-94, in contrast to 10{3}-10{4} yr in the central part of the system.
These data indicate that sedimentary organic matter chemically reacts quickly to temperature increases of about 125 degrees C above ambient, even when the higher temperature existed for only 10{0}-10{1} yr. The quick change of the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer indicates that thermal maturation reactions can stabilize, after a geologically short period of heating, to a level consistent with peak temperature under moderate to high-temperature diagenesis in open, fluid-rich, geothermal systems.
Cerro Prieto is one of the most intensively studied and well-known geothermal systems in the world. Thus, data from Cerro Prieto are a benchmark to compare with the predictions of published thermal maturation models such as those formulated by J. Karweil, N. V. Lopatin, and A. K. Burnham and J. J. Sweeney. These thermal maturation models inaccurately predict duration of heating at Cerro Prieto. The kinetic equations used in these models explicitly allow thermal maturation to continue indefinitely at peak temperature, which does not seem to be the case at Cerro Prieto.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/0C9B2A51-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 1991, Implications for organic maturation studies of evidence of a geologically rapid increase and stabilization of vitrinite reflectance at peak temperature: Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Mexico: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 75, no. 12, p. 1852-1863, https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B2A51-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1852","endPage":"1863","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Prieto fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.93369314042859,\n 33.27841604648326\n ],\n [\n -115.93369314042859,\n 31.617852838278367\n ],\n [\n -114.37067035754815,\n 31.617852838278367\n ],\n [\n -114.37067035754815,\n 33.27841604648326\n ],\n [\n -115.93369314042859,\n 33.27841604648326\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3919e4b0c8380cd617d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016398,"text":"70016398 - 1991 - Structure and morphology of submarine slab slides: clues to origin and behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T18:59:48","indexId":"70016398","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and morphology of submarine slab slides: clues to origin and behavior","docAbstract":"Geologic features suggest that some slab slides probably result from long-term strength degradation of weak layers deep in the homoclinal section. Time-dependent strain in clay-rich layers can create potential slide surfaces of low frictional strength. Competent layers are weak in tension and probably fragment in the first instance of, or even prior to, translation, and the allochthonous mass is readily transformed into a high-momentum debris flow. The structure and geomorphology of slab slides provide important clues to their origin and behavior. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641199109379882","issn":"03608867","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., 1991, Structure and morphology of submarine slab slides: clues to origin and behavior: Marine Geotechnology, v. 10, no. 1-2, p. 53-69, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641199109379882.","startPage":"53","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268174,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641199109379882"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c18e4b08c986b31d294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016399,"text":"70016399 - 1991 - Porosity trends of the Lower Cretaceous J Sandstone, Denver Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T11:21:23.491048","indexId":"70016399","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porosity trends of the Lower Cretaceous J Sandstone, Denver Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"This study examines relationships between porosity and time-temperature history, and the influence of rock properties upon porosity, for the Lower Cretaceous J Sandstone in the Colorado portion of the Denver basin. The J Sandstone is classified as a quartzarenite to litharenite and was deposited in nearshore-marine, deltaic, and fluvial-estuarine (valley-fill) settings. Principal elements of its paragenetic sequence include quartz cementation and pressure solution, carbonate cementation and dissolution, dissolution of feldspar and rock fragments, and formation of authigenic clays. Porosity versus vitrinite reflectance (R 0 ) regression lines of the form Phi = A(R 0 )Beta (where B is a negative number) depicting the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th porosity percentiles of the J Sandstone were derived from 963 core-plug measurements representing 31 wells. The data span a thermal maturity range of R 0 = 0.41%-1.14%. Porosity distributions at different locations within the basin can be estimated as a function of thermal maturity on the basis of these regression lines. Porosity trends of the J Sandstone, if considered as a function of R 0 , are similar to those of broad, composite data sets representing sandstones in general. The petrographic factors that most affect J Sandstone porosity variability at a given level of thermal maturity are carbonate cementation and clay content. Carbonate cement, where present, reduces porosity. If previously more widespread, carbonate cement could also introduce porosity heterogeneity by temporarily preserving the pore network relative to uncemented intervals. Abundant detrital and authigenic clay reduces porosity by occupying pores. Low clay content indirectly reduces porosity because the inhibiting effects of clay upon quartz cementation and pressure solution are largely absent.
Manganese oxidation products were precipitated in an aerated open-aqueous system where a continuous influx of mixed Mn2+ and Cd2+ solution was supplied and pH was maintained with an automated pH-stat adding dilute NaOH. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction identified the solids produced as mixtures of Cd2Mn34+O8, Mn2+2Mn4+3O8, MnO2 (ramsdellite), and CdCO3. Mean oxidation numbers of the total precipitated Mn as great as 3.6 were reached during titrations. During subsequent aging in solution, oxidation numbers between 3.8 and 3.9 were reached in some precipitates in less than 40 days. Conditional oxidation rate constants calculated from a crystal-growth equation applied to titration data showed the overall precipitation rate, without considering manganese oxidation state in the precipitate, was increased by a factor of ~4 to ~7 when the mole ratio (Cd/Mn + Cd) of cadmium in the feed solution was 0.40 compared with rate constants for hausmannite (Mn2+Mn23+O4 precipitation under similar conditions but without accessory metals. Kinetic experiments were made to test effects of various Cd/Mn + Cd mole ratios and rates of addition of the feed solution, different temperatures from 5.0 to 35°C, and pH from 8.0 to 9.0. Oxidation rates were slower when the Cd mole ratio was less than 0.40. The rate increased by a factor of ~10 when pH was raised one-half unit. The effect of temperature on the rate constants was also substantial, but the meaning of this is uncertain because the rate of formation of Mn4+ oxide in the absence of Cd or other accessory metals was too slow to be measurable in titration experiments.
The increased rate of Mn4+ oxide formation in the presence of Cd2+ can be ascribed to the formation of a labile adsorbed intermediate, CdMn2O4 Int, an analog of hausmannite, formed on precipitate surfaces at the beginning of the oxidation process. The increased lability of this structure, resulting from coordination-chemical behavior of Cd2+ during the titration, causes a rapid second-stage rearrangement and facilitates disproportionation of the Mn3+ ions. The Mn2+ ions thus released provide a positive feedback mechanism that couples the two steps of the conversion of Mn2+ to Mn4+ more closely than is possible when other metal ions besides manganese are not present. During aging of precipitates in contact with solutions, proportions of Cd2Mn3O8 and MnO2 increased at the expense of other precipitate components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90364-B","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., and Lind, C.J., 1991, Coprecipitation mechanisms and products in manganese oxidation in the presence of cadmium: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2435-2451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90364-B.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2435","endPage":"2451","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc04e4b0c8380cd4e09f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016404,"text":"70016404 - 1991 - Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:16:35","indexId":"70016404","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses","docAbstract":"Closed-form solutions are used to show how rock anisotropy affects the variation of the modulus of deformation around the walls of a hole in which expansion tests are conducted. These tests include dilatometer and NX-jack tests in boreholes and gallery tests in tunnels. The effects of rock anisotropy on the modulus of deformation are shown for transversely isotropic and regularly jointed rock masses with planes of transverse isotropy or joint planes parallel or normal to the hole longitudinal axis for plane strain or plane stress condition. The closed-form solutions can also be used when determining the elastic properties of anisotropic rock masses (intact or regularly jointed) in situ. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(91)90077-Y","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Amadei, B., and Savage, W.Z., 1991, Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 28, no. 5, p. 383-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)90077-Y.","startPage":"383","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265941,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)90077-Y"},{"id":223213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0ae4b0c8380cd48b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016405,"text":"70016405 - 1991 - Genesis and continuity of quaternary sand and gravel in glacigenic sediment at a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal site in east-central Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016405","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genesis and continuity of quaternary sand and gravel in glacigenic sediment at a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal site in east-central Illinois","docAbstract":"The Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety has characterized the Martinsville Alternative Site (MAS) for a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. The MAS is located in east-central Illinois approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the city of Martinsville. Geologic investigation of the 5.5-km2 (1380-acre) site revealed a sequence of chiefly Illinoian glacigenic sediments from 6 to 60 m (20-200 ft) thick overlying two major bedrock valleys carved in Pennsylvanian strata. Relatively permeable buried units include basal, preglacial alluvium; a complex of intraglacial and subglacial sediment; englacial deposits; and supraglacial fluvial deposits. Postglacial alluvium underlies stream valleys on and adjacent to the site. In most areas, the buried sand units are confined by low-permeability till, lacustrine sediment, colluvium, and loess. The distribution and thickness of the most extensive and continuous buried sand units have been modified considerably by subglacial erosion, and their distributions have been influenced by the buried bedrock valleys. The most continuous of the various sand units were deposited as preglacial and postglacial alluvium and are the uppermost and lowermost stratigraphic units at the alternative site. Sand units that were deposited in englacial or ice-marginal environments are less continuous. Aquifer pumping tests, potentiometric head data, and groundwater geochemistry analyses indicate minimal interaction of groundwater across localized interconnections of the permeable units. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01740472","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Troost, K.G., and Curry, B.B., 1991, Genesis and continuity of quaternary sand and gravel in glacigenic sediment at a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal site in east-central Illinois: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 3, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01740472.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740472"},{"id":223214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1557e4b0c8380cd54d7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troost, K. G.","contributorId":77244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troost","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016498,"text":"70016498 - 1991 - Release of 226Ra from uranium mill tailings by microbial Fe(III) reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T13:13:02.502797","indexId":"70016498","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Release of 226Ra from uranium mill tailings by microbial Fe(III) reduction","docAbstract":"Uranium mill tailings were anaerobically incubated in the presence of H2 with Alteromonas putrefaciens, a bacterium known to couple the oxidation of H2 and organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) oxides. There was a direct correlation between the extent of Fe(III) reduction and the accumulation of dissolved226Ra. In sterile tailings in which Fe(III) was not reduced, there was negligible leaching of226Ra. The behavior of Ba was similar to that of Ra in inoculated and sterile systems. These results demonstrate that under anaerobic conditions, microbial reduction of Fe(III) may result in the release of dissolved226Ra from uranium mill tailings.
A high volatile B, micrinite-rich bituminous coal from Morgan County, Kentucky, was crushed and screened to −100 mesh, demineralized and subjected to density gradient centrifugation (DGC). In an initial density separation, micrinite concentration was increased from 52 vol% in the demineralized coal to a maximum of 67% in the 1.25–1.26 g/ml density fraction. Micrinite enriched fractions (1.21–1.29 g/ml) were combined to yield a sample containing ∼61% micrinite. This sample was crushed to −200 mesh in an attempt to enhance micrinite liberation then reprocessed by DGC. Reprocessing resulted in a slight increase in purity to 69 vol% in the 1.25–1.28 g/ml density fraction. The original −100 mesh sample was density separated a second time with the material recovered between 1.22 and 1.30 g/ml combined, crushed, screened past 325 mesh and reprocessed by DGC. Micrinite was recovered at a purity ranging up to 73% (1.27–1.28 g/ml) from the −325 mesh sample. A density of 1.26g/ml and H/C atomic ratio of 0.79 was calculated for micrinite in one of the higher purity micrinite fractions. These values are notably different than published fusinite values and are more similar to vitrinite values measured in high volatile-B coals. The results from this study suggest that the partitioning of micrinite to a density near that of vitrinite was governed by the inherent micrinite density and not particle aggregation. Transition of the micrinite precursors through a mobile liquid phase is proposed as an explanation for the discrepancy between chemical properties and reflectance as well as to account for the observed microlithological occurrences of micrinite in this sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(91)90118-4","usgsCitation":"Taulbee, D., Hower, J., and Greb, S., 1991, Examination of micrinite concentrates from the Cannel City coal bed of eastern Kentucky: Proposed mechanism of formation: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 4, p. 557-565, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(91)90118-4.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"565","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Morgan 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D.N.","contributorId":57600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taulbee","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016496,"text":"70016496 - 1991 - A microcomputer program for energy assessment and aggregation using the triangular probability distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:23:06","indexId":"70016496","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A microcomputer program for energy assessment and aggregation using the triangular probability distribution","docAbstract":"A general risk-analysis method was developed for petroleum-resource assessment and other applications. The triangular probability distribution is used as a model with an analytic aggregation methodology based on probability theory rather than Monte-Carlo simulation. Among the advantages of the analytic method are its computational speed and flexibility, and the saving of time and cost on a microcomputer. The input into the model consists of a set of components (e.g. geologic provinces) and, for each component, three potential resource estimates: minimum, most likely (mode), and maximum. Assuming a triangular probability distribution, the mean, standard deviation, and seven fractiles (F100, F95, F75, F50, F25, F5, and F0) are computed for each component, where for example, the probability of more than F95 is equal to 0.95. The components are aggregated by combining the means, standard deviations, and respective fractiles under three possible siutations (1) perfect positive correlation, (2) complete independence, and (3) any degree of dependence between these two polar situations. A package of computer programs named the TRIAGG system was written in the Turbo Pascal 4.0 language for performing the analytic probabilistic methodology. The system consists of a program for processing triangular probability distribution assessments and aggregations, and a separate aggregation routine for aggregating aggregations. The user's documentation and program diskette of the TRIAGG system are available from USGS Open File Services. TRIAGG requires an IBM-PC/XT/AT compatible microcomputer with 256kbyte of main memory, MS-DOS 3.1 or later, either two diskette drives or a fixed disk, and a 132 column printer. A graphics adapter and color display are optional. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(91)90013-4","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Balay, R., 1991, A microcomputer program for energy assessment and aggregation using the triangular probability distribution: Computers & Geosciences, v. 17, no. 2, p. 197-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90013-4.","startPage":"197","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266170,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90013-4"},{"id":223329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e461e4b0c8380cd46612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, R.H.","contributorId":44177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017369,"text":"1017369 - 1991 - Chaparral & fire ecology: role of fire in seed germination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T07:15:48","indexId":"1017369","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":707,"text":"American Biology Teacher","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chaparral & fire ecology: role of fire in seed germination","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Biology Teacher","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.2307/4449351","usgsCitation":"Steele, N., and Keeley, J., 1991, Chaparral & fire ecology: role of fire in seed germination: American Biology Teacher, v. 53, no. 7, p. 432-435, https://doi.org/10.2307/4449351.","startPage":"432","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268089,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449351"},{"id":132641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5f03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, N.L.C.","contributorId":32882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"N.L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016495,"text":"70016495 - 1991 - Lg and Rg waves on the California regional networks from the December 23, 1985 Nahanni earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T11:21:39.695636","indexId":"70016495","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lg and Rg waves on the California regional networks from the December 23, 1985 Nahanni earthquake","docAbstract":"We investigate Lg and Rg propagation in California using the central and southern California regional networks. Approximately 550 stations constitute these two short-period networks providing a dense coverage of almost the entire state. The waveforms recorded from the December 23, 1985, Nahanni, Canada, earthquake are used to construct three profiles along the propagation path (almost N-S) and three perpendicular to the propagation path (almost E-W) to look at the nature of propagation of these two types of surface waves. Groups of records from stations in various geological and tectonic provinces in California are also examined in order to establish regional characteristics of the surface waves. We find that the propagation characteristics of Lg differ from those of Rg across California; Lg waves are apparently more sensitive to crustal heterogeneities. The most striking observations are the similarity of coda for both the Lg and the Rg waves within geologic provinces and the marked difference in coda between regions. These differences are seen in the amplitudes, coda duration, shape of the energy envelope, frequency content, and sharpness of the phase initiation. In general, a decrease in the Moho depth near the Pacific Coast is correlated with a decrease in the surface wave amplitude, especially at higher frequencies (0.15–0.2 Hz). Most interesting is the association of the San Andreas fault with abrupt changes in the wave train amplitudes. The surface waves are amplified in the vicinity of the fault zone and then decrease in amplitude after the zone is crossed. In the Coast Ranges, amplitudes are low and waveform coherence is poor. The Rg phase dominates the record in the Sierra Nevada, and both surface waves are amplified by the thick sedimentary sequence of the Great Valley.
[No abstract available]
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90080-O","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., 1991, Comment on \"Aluminum hydroxide solubility in aqueous solutions containing fluoride ions at 50°C\" by B. Sanjuan and G. Michard: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3873-3874, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90080-O.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3873","endPage":"3874","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e5e4b0c8380cd4cd6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, Bruch S.","contributorId":19542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruch","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016491,"text":"70016491 - 1991 - Origins of acid fluids in geothermal reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016491","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Origins of acid fluids in geothermal reservoirs","docAbstract":"Acid fluids in geothermal reservoirs are rare. Their occurrence in geothermal systems associated with recent volcanism (Tatun, Sumikawa, Miravalles) probably indicates that the geothermal reservoir fluid was derived from volcanic fluid incompletely neutralized by reaction with feldspars and micas. Superheated steam containing HCl (Larderello, The Geysers) forms acid where it condenses or mixes with liquid at moderate temperatures (<300??C). The origin of steam with HCl is reaction of NaCl solid with rock minerals at high temperatures (>325??C). Cryptoacidity occurs at Los Humeros where HCl acidity is formed and neutralized without reaching the surface.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1991 Annual Meeting of the Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceDate":"6 October 1991 through 9 October 1991","conferenceLocation":"Sparks, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412693","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., 1991, Origins of acid fluids in geothermal reservoirs, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 15, Sparks, NV, USA, 6 October 1991 through 9 October 1991, p. 289-296.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7116e4b0c8380cd7644b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred","contributorId":100540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}