{"pageNumber":"4369","pageRowStart":"109200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165869,"records":[{"id":70014158,"text":"70014158 - 1987 - On regional geomagnetic charts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:10:46.479375","indexId":"70014158","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On regional geomagnetic charts","docAbstract":"<div id=\"article-overiew-abstract-wrap\"><p class=\"global-para-14\">When regional geomagnetic charts for areas roughly the size of the United States were compiled by hand, some large local anomalies were displayed in the isomagnetic lines. Since the late nineteen sixties, when the compilation of charts using computers and mathematical models was started, most of the details available in the hand drawn regional charts have been lost. One exception to this is the Canadian magnetic declination chart for 1980. This chart was constructed using a 180 degree spherical harmonic model. It managed to show considerable detail, but even more detail might be useful. Suggestions are made about how more detail might be displayed in regional charts when adequate data are available.</p></div><div id=\"datarepo-wrap\"><br></div><div id=\"article-overiew-references-wrap\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.5636/jgg.39.723","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1987, On regional geomagnetic charts: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 39, no. 12, p. 723-738, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.39.723.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"723","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.39.723","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6da8e4b0c8380cd7525e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014237,"text":"70014237 - 1987 - Seismic stratigraphy and facies of continental slope and rise seaward of Baltimore Canyon Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T15:57:28.522392","indexId":"70014237","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic stratigraphy and facies of continental slope and rise seaward of Baltimore Canyon Trough","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a survey of the United States continental rise seaward of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough, four major depositional sequences were mapped on a grid of 2,350 km of multichannel seismic reflection profiles. The sequences, which range in age from Jurassic (?) to Quaternary, record a gradual sedimentary buildup of fine-grained onlapping and slope-front fill. A broad wedge of Jurassic-age (?) sediment up to 5 km thick was deposited seaward of a conspicuous platform.</p><p>During the Cretaceous, the slope-rise transition became much gentler, and sequences are more blanket-like because the declivity seaward of the platform was smoothed and filled by fine-grained clastic sediments and thin-bedded limestones. The main constructional phase for the continental rise was during the Cenozoic, when a thick (0.1-2.4 km) wedge formed seaward of the shelf edge in response to major fluctuations in sea level and erosion of the gentle, ancestral continental slope.</p><p>The Cenozoic rise section can be subdivided into two main sequences separated by a conspicuous unconformity. The lower sequence is mostly a blanket (0.2-0.8 km thick) of Paleogene hemipelagic ooze and claystone. The sequence above the unconformity is a complex association of Neogene slump deposits, turbidites, hemipelagic clays, and channel fill that thickens seaward to 2.2 km under the middle continental rise. The final phase of rise construction was caused by widespread fluctuations in coastal onlap. These regressions resulted in deltaic outward-building on the shelf, extensive Pleistocene landward erosion of the slope, and the accumulation of a broad sedimentary apron on the rise.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C7DF4-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J., and Hinz, K., 1987, Seismic stratigraphy and facies of continental slope and rise seaward of Baltimore Canyon Trough: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1046-1067, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C7DF4-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1046","endPage":"1067","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.5,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b65e4b08c986b3177d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, John S.","contributorId":99912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"John S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinz, K.","contributorId":83273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014277,"text":"70014277 - 1987 - Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:00:45.181491","indexId":"70014277","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p><span>U-Pb analyses of zircons separated from two Concord-type plutons near Sunapee and Dixville Notch, New Hampshire, reveal differences in the pattern and magnitude of zircon inheritance which are related to differences in melt chemistry. The Sunapee pluton contains only slightly more Zr than required to saturate the melt at the peak temperature of 700 ± 30°</span><i>C</i><span>. Traces of inherited zircon in this separate are inferred to be present as small, largely resorbed grains. In contrast, the Long Mountain pluton, near Dixville Notch, contains about 240% more Zr than required to saturate the melt. Thus, more than half of the Zr existed as stable, inherited zircon crystals during the partial fusion event, consistent with the observation of substantial inheritance in all grain size fractions. Ion probe intra-grain analyses of zircon from the Long Mountain pluton indicate a complex pattern of inheritance with contributions from at least two Proterozoic terrenes and caution against simple interpretations of upper and lower intercepts of chords containing an inherited component. Ion probe analyses of zircons from the Sunapee pluton reveal clear evidence of U loss which results in incorrect apparent conventional U-Pb ages. Ages of crystallization for the Long Mountain and Sunapee pluton are ~350 and 354 ± 5 Ma, respectively. A Sm/Nd measurement for the Long Mountain pluton yields a depleted mantle model age of 1.5 Ga, consistent with the observed inheritance pattern. In contrast, a Sm/Nd model age for the Sunapee pluton is improbably old due to minor monazite fractionation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90305-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Harrison, T., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Compston, W., 1987, Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 9, p. 2549-2558, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90305-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2549","endPage":"2558","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a6be4b0c8380cd7416c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Compston, W.","contributorId":36691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compston","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014279,"text":"70014279 - 1987 - Trace-metal and organochlorine residues in sediments of the upper Rockaway river, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014279","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-metal and organochlorine residues in sediments of the upper Rockaway river, New Jersey","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01688312","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.A., Harte, P., and Hardy, M.A., 1987, Trace-metal and organochlorine residues in sediments of the upper Rockaway river, New Jersey: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 465-473, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01688312.","startPage":"465","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01688312"},{"id":225883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb682e4b08c986b326cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, M. A.","contributorId":54223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014280,"text":"70014280 - 1987 - Persistent late Pleistocene-Holocene seasonal upwelling and varves off the coast of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:16:35","indexId":"70014280","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent late Pleistocene-Holocene seasonal upwelling and varves off the coast of California","docAbstract":"Seasonal production of siliceous phytoplankton and a seasonal flux of terrigenous clastic material produced varved sediments along the continental slope off California during the late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. Light-colored sediment within laminations and in sediment-trap samples was deposited during summer upwelling and contains an abundance of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros spp. resting spores. Dark-colored sediment deposited in the fall and winter contains abundant Thalassiosira pacifica, and has more terrigenous material. Distribution of diatoms in varves shows that seasonal upwelling has persisted along the California coast and has remained strongly seasonal since the late Pleistocene. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90069-X","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., and Gardner, J., 1987, Persistent late Pleistocene-Holocene seasonal upwelling and varves off the coast of California: Quaternary Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 307-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90069-X.","startPage":"307","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266531,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90069-X"},{"id":225884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f8e4b0c8380cd783c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R.Y.","contributorId":22789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014594,"text":"70014594 - 1987 - Inter-laboratory comparison of X-ray fluorescence analyses of eruptive products of El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T15:42:22","indexId":"70014594","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-laboratory comparison of X-ray fluorescence analyses of eruptive products of El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>An inter-laboratory comparison has been made of X-ray fluorescence analyses of 10 samples of lava and pumices from El Chich&oacute;n Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico. Some determinations of major-element constituents agree within analytical uncertainty, whereas others exchibit significant bias. Analyses carried out at the Michigan Technological University (MTU) laboratory are systematically&nbsp;</span><i>lower</i><span>&nbsp;in MgO (26&ndash;48%), Fe</span><sub>total</sub><span>(5&ndash;18%), CaO (4&ndash;15%) and higher in K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O (0&ndash;15%) than analyses made at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Denver laboratory. These differences are ascribed in part to a complex combination of calibration assumptionsand mineralogical and particle-size effects inherent in the use of pressed rock-powder pellets in the analytical procedure of the MTU laboratory. Other, but as yet unknown, differences in sample preparation and/or analytical technique may also be important; effects related to natural sample inhomogeneityare believed to be insignificant. The inter-laboratory differences in the analytical data complicated accurate assessment of whether El Chich&oacute;n magmas have changed composition during the past 300 000 a. Knowledge of such change is needed for understanding petrogenetic history and for such related studies as evaluation of volcanic hazards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(87)90049-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., Bornhorst, T.J., Taggart, J.E., Rose, W.I., and McGee, J.J., 1987, Inter-laboratory comparison of X-ray fluorescence analyses of eruptive products of El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: Applied Geochemistry, v. 2, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(87)90049-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ca2e4b0c8380cd62eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bornhorst, Theodore J.","contributorId":68375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bornhorst","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":66317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGee, James J.","contributorId":46535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014595,"text":"70014595 - 1987 - Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:24:29","indexId":"70014595","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","docAbstract":"<p>An application is described of the branch-network flow model, BRANCH, to the upper Alabama River system in central Alabama. The model is used to simulate one-dimensional unsteady flows and water surface elevations in approximately 60 river miles of the Alabama River system. Preliminary calibration was made using 72 hours of observed data. Simulated discharges are about 10 percent lower than observed discharges at higher discharge rates and computed flows lag observed flows by about 30 minutes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Jeffcoat, H.H., and Jennings, M.E., 1987, Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 313-315, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.79498291015624,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.79498291015624,\n              32.72375394304274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.72375394304274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dce4b0c8380cd4b438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffcoat, Hillary H.","contributorId":18401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffcoat","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014597,"text":"70014597 - 1987 - Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:24:36","indexId":"70014597","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","docAbstract":"<p>Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to account for some of the fundamental chemical processes that occur among transported solutes. Two equilibrium-controlled reaction systems demonstrate a methodology for accommodating chemical interaction into models of solute transport. One system involves the sorption of a given chemical species, as well as two aqueous complexations in which the sorbing species is a participant. The other reaction set involves binary ion exchange coupled with aqueous complexation involving one of the exchanging species. The methodology accommodates these reaction systems through the addition of nonlinear terms to the transport equations for the sorbing species. Example simulation results show (1) the effect equilibrium chemical parameters have on the spatial distributions of concentration for complexing solutes; (2) that an interrelationship exists between mechanical dispersion and the various reaction processes; (3) that dispersive parameters of the porous media cannot be determined from reactive concentration distributions unless the reaction is accounted for or the influence of the reaction is negligible; (4) how the concentration of a chemical species may be significantly affected by its participation in an aqueous complex with a second species which also sorbs; and (5) that these coupled chemical processes influencing reactive transport can be demonstrated in two-dimensional flow regimes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lewis, F., Voss, C.I., and Rubin, J., 1987, Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9255e4b08c986b319e51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, F.M.","contributorId":83966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014156,"text":"70014156 - 1987 - Effects of weathering on biological marker and aromatic hydrocarbon composition of organic matter in Phosphoria shale outcrop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:50:37.286412","indexId":"70014156","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of weathering on biological marker and aromatic hydrocarbon composition of organic matter in Phosphoria shale outcrop","docAbstract":"<p><span>GC-MS analyses were performed on core samples collected from a shale outcrop of the Permian Phosphoria Formation in Utah, U.S.A., to study effects of weathering on selected biological marker and aromatic (phenanthrene) hydrocarbon compounds. Among the biological markers, the most important weathering effects are a decrease in the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>20S</mtext><mtext>20R</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">20S20R</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;diastereomer ratio of the C</span><sub>29</sub><span>&nbsp;steranes and loss of low molecular weight triaromatic steroids. A decrease in the C</span><sub>19</sub><span>&nbsp;through C</span><sub>22</sub><span>&nbsp;tricylcic terpanes occurs relative to the total C</span><sub>19</sub><span>-C</span><sub>26</sub><span>&nbsp;tricyclic fraction. Pronounced loss of methyl-substituted phenanthrenes occurs relative to phenanthrene. No major effect on the overall distribution of pentacyclic terpanes is evident.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90264-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clayton, J., and King, J.D., 1987, Effects of weathering on biological marker and aromatic hydrocarbon composition of organic matter in Phosphoria shale outcrop: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 8, p. 2153-2157, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90264-X.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2153","endPage":"2157","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a083fe4b0c8380cd51a38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, J.L.","contributorId":76767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J. D.","contributorId":71577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014155,"text":"70014155 - 1987 - Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T15:26:40.006371","indexId":"70014155","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The factors which control the distribution of in situ gas hydrate deposits in colder regions such as Northern Alaska include; mean annual surface temperatures (MAST), geothermal gradients above and below the base of permafrost, subsurface pressures, gas composition, pore-fluid salinity and the soil condition. Currently existing data on the above parameters for the forty-six wells located in Northern Alaska were critically examined and used in calculations of depths and thicknesses of gas hydrate stability zones. To illustrate the effect of gas hydrate stability zones, calculations were done for a variable gas composition using the thermodynamic model of Holder and John (1982). The hydrostatic pressure gradient of 9.84 kPa/m (0.435 lbf/in<sup>2</sup>ft), the salinity of 10 parts per thousand (ppt) and the coarse-grained soil conditions were assumed. An error analysis was performed for the above parameters and the effect of these parameters on hydrate stability zone calculations were determined.</p><p>After projecting the hydrate stability zones for the forty-six wells, well logs were used to identify and to obtain values for the depth and thickness of hydrate zones. Of the forty-six wells, only ten wells showed definite evidence of the presence of gas hydrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(87)90026-7","usgsCitation":"Kamath, A., Godbole, S.P., Ostermann, R.D., and Collett, T.S., 1987, Evaluation of the stability of gas hydrates in Northern Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 107-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(87)90026-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.35348507096748,\n              71.50417315803796\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.3677789577233,\n              68.05690107968127\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.36017551548042,\n              68.05690107968127\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.36017551548042,\n              70.97000817935472\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.35348507096748,\n              71.50417315803796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf3e4b0c8380cd52d6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamath, A.","contributorId":41154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamath","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbole, S. P.","contributorId":23285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godbole","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostermann, R. D.","contributorId":42367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostermann","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014154,"text":"70014154 - 1987 - Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T12:37:12","indexId":"70014154","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The heat capacity of synthetic andradite garnet (Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>) was measured between 9.6 and 365.5 K by cryogenic adiabatic calorimetry and from 340 to 990 K by differential scanning calorimetry. At 298.15 K<i>C</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>p</i>,<i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>S</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;are 351.9 &plusmn; 0.7 and 316.4 &plusmn; 2.0 J/(mol&middot;K), respectively.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Andradite has a &lambda;-peak in&nbsp;<i>C</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>p</i>,<i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;with a maximum at 11.7 &plusmn; 0.2 K which is presumably associated with the antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments of the Fe<sup>3+</sup>&nbsp;ions. The Gibbs free energy of formation,<i>&Delta;</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><i>G</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;(298.15 K) of andradite is &minus;5414.8 &plusmn; 5.5 kJ/mol and was obtained by combining our entropy and heat capacity data with the known breakdown of andradite to pseudowollastonite and hematite at &asymp; 1410 to 1438 K. From a reexamination of the calcite + quartz = wollastonite equilibrium data we obtained&nbsp;<i>&Delta;</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><i>H</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>m</i></sub>(298.15 K) = &minus; 1634.5 &plusmn; 1.8 kJ/mol for wollastonite.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Between 300 and 1000 K the molar heat capacity of andradite can be represented by the equation&nbsp;<i>C</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>p</i>,<i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;= 809.24 - 7.025 &times; 10&minus;2<i>T</i>&minus; 7.403 &times; 10<sup>3</sup><i>T</i>&minus;0.5 &minus; 6.789 &times; 10<sup>5</sup><i>T</i>&minus;2. We have also used our thermochemical data for andradite to estimate the Gibbs free energy of formation of hedenbergite (CaFeSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) for which we obtained&nbsp;<i>&Delta;</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><i>G</i><sup><i>o</i></sup><sub><i>m</i></sub>&nbsp;(298.15&nbsp;<i>K</i>) = &minus;2674.3 &plusmn; 5.8 kJ/mol.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90271-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Bin, Z., Hemingway, B., and Barton, M.D., 1987, Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 8, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90271-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff2e4b0c8380cd5d233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bin, Zhao","contributorId":72938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bin","given":"Zhao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Mark D.","contributorId":6166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014152,"text":"70014152 - 1987 - Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T01:09:28.8079","indexId":"70014152","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries","docAbstract":"<p>In many coastal plain estuaries light attenuation by suspended sediments confines the photic zone to a small fraction of the water column, such that light limitation is a major control on phytoplankon production and turnover rate. For a variety of estuarine systems (e.g. San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Delaware Bay, Hudson River plume), photic-zone productivity can be estimated as a function of phytoplankton biomass times mean irradiance of the photic zone. Net water column productivity also varies with light availability, and in San Francisco Bay net productivity is zero (estimated respiratory loss of phytoplankton balances photosynthesis) when the ratio of photic depth (Zp) to mixed depth (Zm) is less than about 0.2. Thus whenever Zp:Zm &lt; 0.2, the water column is a sink for phytoplankton production. Much of the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass or productivity in estuaries is explained by variations in the ratio of photic depth to mixed depth. For example, phytoplankton blooms often coincide with stratification events that reduce the depth of the surface mixed layer (increase Zp:Zm). Shallow estuarine embayments (high Zp:Zm) are often characterized by high phytoplankton biomass relative to adjacent channels (low Zp:Zm). Many estuaries have longitudinal gradients in productivity that mirror the distribution of suspended sediments: productivity is low near the riverine source of sediments (low Zp:Zm) and increases toward the estuary mouth where turbidity decreases. Some of these generalizations are qualitative in nature, and detailed understanding of the interaction between turbidity and estuarine phytoplankton dynamics requires improved understanding of vertical mixing rates and phytoplankton respiration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(87)90042-2","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., 1987, Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries: Continental Shelf Research, v. 7, no. 11-12, p. 1367-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(87)90042-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1381","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8eee4b08c986b327b26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014151,"text":"70014151 - 1987 - EFFECT OF AN ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENT ON LIMESTONE SURFACES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014151","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2696,"text":"Materials Performance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EFFECT OF AN ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENT ON LIMESTONE SURFACES.","docAbstract":"Salem limestone samples were exposed to weathering for 1 y in several urban and one rural environments. Samples exposed in the rural location were chemically indistinguishable from the freshly quarried limestone, whereas all samples collected from urban exposure sites developed gypsum stains on the ground-facing surfaces where the stones were not washed by precipitation. The gas-solid reaction of SO//2 with calcite was selected for detailed consideration. It appears from the model that under arid conditions, the quantity of stain deposited on an unwashed surface is independent of atmospheric SO//2 concentration once the surface has been saturated with gypsum. Under wet conditions, surface sulfation and weight loss are probably dominated by mechanisms involving wet stone. However, if the rain events are frequent and delimited by periods of dryness, the quantity of gypsum produced by a gas-solid reaction mechanism should correlate with both the frequency of rain events and the atmospheric SO//2 level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Materials Performance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00941492","usgsCitation":"Mossotti, V.G., Lindsay, J.R., and Hochella, M.F., 1987, EFFECT OF AN ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENT ON LIMESTONE SURFACES.: Materials Performance, v. 26, no. 11, p. 47-52.","startPage":"47","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0456e4b0c8380cd508fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mossotti, Victor G. mossotti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"Victor","email":"mossotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, James R.","contributorId":19714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hochella, Michael F. Jr.","contributorId":16172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"Michael","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014146,"text":"70014146 - 1987 - Analysis of Shuttle Multispecral Infrared Radiometer measurements of the western Saudi Arabian shield.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T08:20:14","indexId":"70014146","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Shuttle Multispecral Infrared Radiometer measurements of the western Saudi Arabian shield.","docAbstract":"<div>During the November 12–14, 1981, mission of the space shuttle Columbia, the Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) recorded radiances in ten channels along a 100 m wide groundtrack across the western Saudi Arabian shield. The ten channels are located in the 0.5 to 2.4 μm region, with five positioned between 2.0 and 2.40 μm for measuring absorption features that are diagnostic of OH‐bearing and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><msub><mi>CO</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&amp;#x2010;</mo><mi>bearing</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mi\">CO</span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mn\">3</span></span></sub></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\">‐</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mi\">bearing </span></span></span></span></span></span>minerals. This exceptionally well exposed area consists of late Proterozoic metamorphic, intermediate to silicic intrusive, and interlayered clastic sedimentary and intermediate silicic volcanic rocks that have not been studied previously using SMIRR data. Plots or traces of unnormalized SMIRR channel ratios were examined before field studies to locate areas with high spectral contrast, especially in the 2.0 μm to 2.40 μm channels. Reflectance spectra were measured in the laboratory for rock and soil samples collected in these areas, and the mineralogic causes of the main absorption features were determined using X‐ray diffraction. Laboratory SMIRR spectra were produced by convolving the ten SMIRR filters with the laboratory spectra. Then, normalized SMIRR reflectance spectra were generated along the groundtrack using normalization coefficients calculated for a field sample representing a uniform, low‐spectral contrast area. Field evaluation shows that unnormalized SMIRR ratio traces are useful, even without specific mineralogic information, for distinguishing rocks that are characterized by Al‐OH, Mg‐OH, and/or <span class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><msub><mi>CO</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><msub><mi>CO</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"math\"><span><span class=\"mrow\"><span class=\"mrow\"><span class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mi\">CO</span><span class=\"mrow\"><span class=\"mn\"><sub>3</sub>,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><msup><mi>Fe</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mi\">Fe</span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mn\">3</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mo\">+</span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span>, and Fe2+ </span></span>absorption features. Analysis of field samples permits suites of minerals causing absorption features to be identified. However, specific mineral identification cannot be achieved consistently using the SMIRR ratio traces or normalized SMIRR spectra, because the Al‐OH and Mg‐OH absorption features can be caused by more than one of the minerals commonly present. The normalized SMIRR spectra are especially useful for identifying subtle Al‐OH and Mg‐OH absorption features that are difficult to identify in the unnormalized ratio traces and for comparing the relative intensities of absorption features. Al‐OH absorption is related to muscovite, smectite, illite, and kaolinite, whereas Mg‐OH absorption is caused by chlorite, amphibole, and biotite. The principal sources of error in using SMIRR spectral measurements for identifying mineral groups along the orbit 27 groundtrack are inaccuracies in field location and lithologic heterogeneity that is not represented adequately by field samples. Calibration errors may account for systematic albedo and absorption intensity differences between calculated laboratory SMIRR spectra and normalized SMIRR spectra. SMIRR instrument noise and atmospheric factors appear to be less important sources of error. However, as higher spectral and spatial resolution systems are developed for mineral identification, radiometric precision and atmospheric factors will become more important.<span></span><br><div><br></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442361","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Goetz, A., and Abbott, E., 1987, Analysis of Shuttle Multispecral Infrared Radiometer measurements of the western Saudi Arabian shield.: Geophysics, v. 52, no. 7, p. 907-923, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442361.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"907","endPage":"923","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaffe4b0c8380cd48b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":89805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbott, Elsa","contributorId":16991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27151,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014141,"text":"70014141 - 1987 - Field observations of slush ice generated during freeze-up in arctic coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T11:15:25.942159","indexId":"70014141","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field observations of slush ice generated during freeze-up in arctic coastal waters","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">In some years, large volumes of slush ice charged with sediment are generated from frazil crystals in the shallow Beaufort Sea during strong storms at the time of freeze-up. Such events terminate the navigation season, and because of accompanying hostile conditions, little is known about the processes acting. The water-saturated slush ice, which may reach a thickness of 4 m, exists for only a few days before freezing from the surface downward arrests further wave motion or pancake ice forms. Movements of small vessels and divers in the slush ice occurs only in phase with passing waves, producing compression and rarefaction, and internal pressure pulses. Where in contact with the seafloor, the agitated slush ice moves cobble-size material, generates large sediment ripples, and may possibly produce a flat rampart observed on the arctic shoreface in some years. Processes charging the slush ice with as much as 1000 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>km<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of sediment remain uncertain, but our field observations rule out previously proposed filtration from turbid waters as a likely mechanism. Sedimentary particles apparently are only trapped in the interstices of the slush ice rather than being held by adhesion, since wave-related internal pressure oscillations result in downward particle movement and cleansing of the slush ice. This loss of sediment explains the typical downward increase in sediment concentration in that part of the fast-ice canopy composed largely of frazil ice. The congealing slush ice in coastal water does not become fast ice until grounded ridges are formed in the stamukhi zone, one to two months after freeze-up begins. During this period of new-ice mobility, long-range sediment transport occurs. The sediment load held by the fast-ice canopy in the area between the Colville and Sagavanirktok River deltas in the winter of 1978–1979 was 16 times larger than the yearly river input to the same area. This sediment most likely was rafted from Canada, more than 400 km to the east, during a brief time period in the previous fall. Ocean turbulence is greatly reduced while the congealing slush ice drifts about. Therefore, new ice then forming in intervening open-water areas is clean. These events explain the patchy appearance of the fast ice after the summer snowmelt. More work on the important phenomena reported here is needed to close a major gap in the knowledge of the arctic marine environment.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(87)90113-7","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., and Kempema, E., 1987, Field observations of slush ice generated during freeze-up in arctic coastal waters: Marine Geology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 219-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(87)90113-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fcbe4b0c8380cd53a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempema, E. W.","contributorId":105314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempema","given":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014139,"text":"70014139 - 1987 - GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF WELL LOGS. AN INTRODUCTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SURVEY OF THE WELL LOGGING LITERATURE, ARRANGED BY SUBJECT, UPDATE, OCTOBER 1986 THROUGH OCTOBER 1987.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014139","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF WELL LOGS. AN INTRODUCTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SURVEY OF THE WELL LOGGING LITERATURE, ARRANGED BY SUBJECT, UPDATE, OCTOBER 1986 THROUGH OCTOBER 1987.","docAbstract":"This update includes new publications for the period October 1986-October 1987 as well as earlier publications of interest that were omitted from the original due either to oversight or because they had not been received in sufficient time for inclusion. Part A covers basic well logging. Part B covers geological applications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Log Analyst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0024581X","usgsCitation":"Prensky, S.E., 1987, GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF WELL LOGS. AN INTRODUCTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SURVEY OF THE WELL LOGGING LITERATURE, ARRANGED BY SUBJECT, UPDATE, OCTOBER 1986 THROUGH OCTOBER 1987.: Log Analyst, v. 28, no. 6, p. 558-575.","startPage":"558","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1450e4b0c8380cd549cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prensky, Stephen E.","contributorId":96703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prensky","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014612,"text":"70014612 - 1987 - Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014612","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York","docAbstract":"Decreases in pH and increases in the concentration of Al and NO3- have been observed in surface waters draining acid-sensitive regions in the northeastern U.S. during spring snowmelt. To assess the source of this acidity, we evaluated solute concentrations in snowpack, and in meltwater collected from snow and forest floor lysimeters in the west-central Adirondack Mountains of New York during the spring snowmelt period, 29 March through 15 April 1984. During the initial phase of snowmelt, ions were preferentially leached from the snowpack resulting in elevated concentrations in snowmelt water (e.g. H+ = 140 ??eq.l-1; NO42- = 123 ??eq.l-1; SO3- = 160 ??eq.l-1). Solute concentrations decreased dramatically within a few days of the initial melt (< 50 ??eq.l-1). The concentrations of SO42- and NO3- in snowpack and snowmelt water were similar, whereas NO-3 in the forest floor leachate was at least two times the concentration of SO42-. Study results suggest that the forest floor was a sink for snowmelt inputs of alkalinity, and a net source of H+, NO3-, dissolved organic carbon, K+ and Al inputs to the mineral soil. The forest floor was relatively conservative with respect to snowmelt inputs of Ca2+, SO42- and Cl-. These results indicate that mineralization of N, followed by nitrification in the forest floor may be an important process contributing to elevated concentrations of H+ and NO3- in streams during the snowmelt period. ?? 1987 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02185193","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Rascher, C., Driscoll, C.T., and Peters, N., 1987, Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York: Biogeochemistry, v. 3, no. 1-3, p. 209-224, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185193.","startPage":"209","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185193"},{"id":226036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f979e4b0c8380cd4d615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rascher, C.M.","contributorId":105864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rascher","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015297,"text":"70015297 - 1987 - Crustal and upper mantle structure of stable continental regions in North America and northern Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70015297","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal and upper mantle structure of stable continental regions in North America and northern Europe","docAbstract":"From an analysis of many seismic profiles across the stable continental regions of North America and northern Europe, the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure is determined. Analysis procedures include ray theory calculations and synthetic seismograms computed using reflectivity techniques. The P wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is virtually identical to that beneath the Baltic Shield to a depth of at least 800 km. Two major layers with a total thickness of about 42 km characterize the crust of these shield regions. Features of the upper mantle of these region include velocity discontinuities at depths of about 74 km, 330 km, 430 km and 700 km. A 13 km thick P wave low velocity channel beginning at a depth of about 94 km is also present. A number of problems associated with record section interpretation are identified and a generalized approach to seismic profile analysis using many record sections is described. The S wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is derived from constrained surface wave data. The thickness of the lithosphere beneath the Canadian and Baltic Shields is determined to be 95-100 km. The continental plate thickness may be the same as the lithospheric thickness, although available data do not exclude the possibility of the continental plate being thicker than the lithosphere. ?? 1987 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874495","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Masse, R., 1987, Crustal and upper mantle structure of stable continental regions in North America and northern Europe: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 125, no. 2-3, p. 205-239, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874495.","startPage":"205","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874495"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd8e4b0c8380cd4e46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masse, R.P.","contributorId":87182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014614,"text":"70014614 - 1987 - Hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in the Adirondack region of New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014614","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in the Adirondack region of New York State","docAbstract":"Relationships between surface-water discharge, water chemistry, and watershed geology were investigated to evaluate factors affecting the sensitivity of drainage waters in the Adirondack region of New York to acidification by atmospheric deposition. Instantaneous discharge per unit area was derived from relationships between flow and staff-gage readings at 10 drainage basins throughout the region. The average chemical composition of the waters was assessed from monthly samples collected from July 1982 through July 1984. The ratio of flow at the 50-percent exceedence level to the flow at the 95-percent exceedence level of flow duration was negatively correlated with mean values of alkalinity or acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), sum of basic cations (SBC), and dissolved silica, for basins containing predominantly aluminosilicate minerals and little or no carbonate-bearing minerals. Low ratios are indicative of systems in which flow is predominately derived from surface- and ground-water storage, whereas high ratios are characteristic of watersheds with variable flow that is largely derived from surface runoff. In an evaluation of two representative surface-water sites, concentrations of ANC, SBC, and dissolved silica, derived primarily from soil mineral weathering reactions. decreased with increasing flow. Furthermore, the ANC was highest at low flow when the percentage of streamflow derived from ground water was maximum. As flow increased, the ANC decreased because the contribution of dilute surface runoff and lateral flow through the shallow acidic soil horizons to total flow increased. Basins having relatively high ground-water contributions to total flow, in general, have large deposits of thick till or stratified drift. A major factor controlling the sensitivity of these streams and lakes to acidification is the relative contribution of ground water to total discharge. ?? 1987 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02185191","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Driscoll, C.T., 1987, Hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in the Adirondack region of New York State: Biogeochemistry, v. 3, no. 1-3, p. 163-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185191.","startPage":"163","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185191"},{"id":226097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33a2e4b0c8380cd5f138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014282,"text":"70014282 - 1987 - The Badain Jaran Desert: Remote sensing investigations.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T17:28:07.422816","indexId":"70014282","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1771,"text":"Geographical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Badain Jaran Desert: Remote sensing investigations.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Approximately half the Badain Jaran Desert in the north-western Alashan Plain of northern China is a sand sea. The remainder is gravel or bedrock. The north-western border of the desert is a playa. The desert has been imaged by both Landsat and the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A). Landsat analysis indicates there are two dune patterns in the sand sea, north-east oriented crescentic dunes along the northern and western borders, and complex star dunes in the central and eastern desert. Although the orientation and morphology of the dunes are easily visible on Landsat, they cannot be determined with the radar image obtained from the aspect angle used during the SIR-A mission. An abrupt change in wavelength of the dune pattern near the Badain Jaran Playa is mappable on Landsat, but not seen on the radar image. The playa appears to be considerably larger on radar than on the Landsat, and we may be seeing subsurface penetration of dry surficial sands with the radar. Archaeological evidence suggests the playa was the location of prehistoric and historic human activity. SIR-A data indicate the playa was formerly a considerably larger inland lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/634872","usgsCitation":"Walker, A.S., Olsen, J.W., and Bagen, 1987, The Badain Jaran Desert: Remote sensing investigations.: Geographical Journal, v. 153, no. 2, p. 205-210, https://doi.org/10.2307/634872.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Badain Jaran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              99,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              99,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              104,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              104,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              99,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba693e4b08c986b3211ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, A. S.","contributorId":54978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, J. W.","contributorId":84919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagen","contributorId":128269,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bagen","id":535139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014283,"text":"70014283 - 1987 - Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T14:29:37.540324","indexId":"70014283","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is employed in the determination of Ni, Cu, Sr, Cd, Ba, Ti, and Pb in nonsaline, natural water samples by stable isotope dilution analysis. Hydrologic samples were directly analyzed without any unusual pretreatment. Interference effects related to overlapping isobars, formation of metal oxide and multiply charged ions, and matrix composition were identified and suitable methods of correction evaluated. A comparability study snowed that single-element isotope dilution analysis was only marginally better than sequential multielement isotope dilution analysis. Accuracy and precision of the single-element method were determined on the basis of results obtained for standard reference materials. The instrumental technique was shown to be ideally suited for programs associated with certification of standard reference materials.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00138a018","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J.R., and Taylor, H.E., 1987, Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 59, no. 11, p. 1568-1575, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00138a018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1568","endPage":"1575","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9674e4b08c986b31b500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014138,"text":"70014138 - 1987 - Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014138","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill","docAbstract":"In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the causes of faster-than-predicted pollutant migration at the hazardous-waste landfill. Aerial and satellite imagery were employed to supplement field studies of local surface and groundwater hydrology, and to chronicle site history. Drainage impediments and depressions in the trench covers collected runoff, allowing rapid recharge of surface waters to some burial trenches. These features can be more effectively identified by photointerpretation than by conventional field reconnaissance. A ground-based, post-sunset survey of the trench covers that showed that a distinction between depressions which hold moisture at the surface from freely-draining depressions which permit rapid recharge to the burial trenches could be made using thermal infrared imagery.In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the causes of faster-than-predicted pollutant migration at the hazardous-waste landfill. Aerial and satellite imagery were employed to supplement field studies of local surface and groundwater hydrology, and to chronicle site history. Drainage impediments and depressions in the trench covers collected runoff, allowing rapid recharge of surface waters to some burial trenches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Stohr, C., Su, W., DuMontelle, P., and Griffin, R.A., 1987, Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 11.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6fee4b0c8380cd85173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohr, Christopher","contributorId":8623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohr","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Su, Wen-June","contributorId":42719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Wen-June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuMontelle, P.B.","contributorId":40348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuMontelle","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014137,"text":"70014137 - 1987 - Possible Late Middle Ordovician organic carbon isotope excursion: Evidence from Ordovician oils and hydrocarbon source rocks, mid-continent and east-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T19:34:59.932532","indexId":"70014137","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible Late Middle Ordovician organic carbon isotope excursion: Evidence from Ordovician oils and hydrocarbon source rocks, mid-continent and east-central United States","docAbstract":"<p>Oils generated by Middle Ordovician rocks are found throughout the Mid-Continent and east-central regions of the United States. Gas chromatographic characteristics of these oils include a relatively high abundance of n-alkanes with carbon numbers less than 20, a strong predominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes between C<sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and C<sub>20</sub>, and relatively small amounts of branched and cyclic alkanes. Saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of 43 Ordovician oils from the Anadarko, Ardmore, Forest City, Illinois, Michigan, Salina-Sedgwick, and Williston basins and the Iowa shelf demonstrate a wide range in carbon isotope composition (^dgr<sup>13</sup>C<sub>sat</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= -24.9 ^pmil to -33.9 ^pmil, (^dgr<sup>13</sup>C<sub>arom</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= -24.3 ^pmil to -33.7 ^pmil). Saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from late Middle Ordovician shales (17 core samples) show ranges in ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C similar to that of the oils.</p><p>The wide ranges in ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C for oils and rock extracts reflect a major, positive excursion(s) (6-9 per ^pmil) in organic matter ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C in late Middle Ordovician rocks. This excursion has at least a regional significance in that it can be documented in sections 480 mi (770 km) apart in south-central Kansas and eastern Iowa. The distance may be as much as 930 mi (1,500 km) if the carbon isotope variations observed in Michigan basin Ordovician oils and in organic matter from late Middle Ordovician rocks in southwestern Ontario are related to the same carbon isotope excursion. Organic-matter ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C in core samples from south-central Kansas and eastern Iowa is not directly related to variations in quantity or quality of organic matter, or maceral compositi n. The positive excursion in organic matter ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C is a possible result of increased organic matter productivity and/or preservation.</p><p>The parallel shifts in organic and carbonate ^dgr<sup>13</sup>C in core samples from 1 E. M. Greene well, Washington County, Iowa, imply changes in the isotope composition of the ocean-atmosphere carbon reservoir. Differences in the magnitude of the carbon isotope shifts between organic matter (8.8 ^pmil) and carbonate (4.2 ^pmil) in this core suggest a decrease, either locally or regionally, in available dissolved CO<sub>2</sub>, possibly a result of high organic-matter productivity and/or limited circulation in the late Middle Ordovician seas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8074-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., Jacobson, S.R., Witzke, B.J., Risatti, J., Anders, D.E., Watney, W.L., Newell, K.D., and Vuletich, A.K., 1987, Possible Late Middle Ordovician organic carbon isotope excursion: Evidence from Ordovician oils and hydrocarbon source rocks, mid-continent and east-central United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1342-1354, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8074-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1342","endPage":"1354","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.88476280424149,\n              48.772630643525844\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.88476280424149,\n              36.63144917528669\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.22842647308705,\n              36.63144917528669\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.22842647308705,\n              48.772630643525844\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.88476280424149,\n              48.772630643525844\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7368e4b0c8380cd76ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Stephen R.","contributorId":20086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Risatti, J. Bruno","contributorId":28018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risatti","given":"J. Bruno","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, Donald E.","contributorId":35316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watney, W. Lynn","contributorId":60785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vuletich, April K.","contributorId":7430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vuletich","given":"April","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70014134,"text":"70014134 - 1987 - Three volcanoes erupt in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014134","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three volcanoes erupt in Alaska","docAbstract":"This is a description, illustrated with photographs, of the 1986 eruptions of Augustine, Pavlof and Akutan volcanoes. Augustine erupted pyroclastic flows, a large eruptive column, ash, and eventually a dome. Pavlof had an important Strombolian eruption which was one of the biggest in the last 30 years. Akutan had a small eruption at the same time. -A.Scarth","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., 1987, Three volcanoes erupt in Alaska: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 19, no. 6, p. 192-198.","startPage":"192","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb319e4b08c986b325b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014133,"text":"70014133 - 1987 - Ascaulocardium armatum (Morton 1833), new genus (Late Cretaceous): the ultimate variation on the bivalve paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T00:25:58.80679","indexId":"70014133","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ascaulocardium armatum (Morton 1833), new genus (Late Cretaceous): the ultimate variation on the bivalve paradigm","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypods are a poorly known group, and have previously received little study.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Ascaulocardium armatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>is conchologically the most complex burrowing pelecypod known. From the study of living clavagellids, it is possible to interpret the various tubes extending outward from the adventitious crypt of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">A. armatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>as devices for hydraulic burrowing and deposit feeding. The conchologically complex<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">A. armatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurs near the beginning of the history of the Clavagellidae, and does not seem to have given rise to any younger species.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Ascaulocardium armatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>is known only from the Upper Cretaceous rocks (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of the east Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States of America, as is probably the genus<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Ascaulocardium</span>. All known Cretaceous clavagellids are burrowing species having a free right valve, and this is the ancestral mode of life of the Clavagellidae. Clavagellids that have a boring habit are a more recent evolutionary development, as are burrowing species having both juvenile valves cemented to the crypt. Clavagellids probably evolved from Jurassic–Early Cretaceous pholadomyids. Almost all Cretaceous clavagellids occur outside the Tethyan Zoogeographic Realm; this distribution is in marked contrast to the modern distribution of the family. Living species mostly inhabit clear, shallow seas in subtropical to tropical shelf areas.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000061345","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Pojeta, J., and Sohl, N.F., 1987, Ascaulocardium armatum (Morton 1833), new genus (Late Cretaceous): the ultimate variation on the bivalve paradigm: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, no. 6 Supplement, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000061345.","productDescription":"77 p.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"6 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb5e4b0c8380cd4996c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pojeta, J. Jr.","contributorId":55150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, N. F.","contributorId":70029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}