By various measures (drought area and intensity, climatic aridity index, and climatic water deficits), some observational analyses have suggested that much of the Earth’s land has been drying during recent decades, but such drying seems inconsistent with observations of dryland greening and decreasing pan evaporation. ‘Offline’ analyses of climate-model outputs from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) experiments portend continuation of putative drying through the twenty-first century, despite an expected increase in global land precipitation. A ubiquitous increase in estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET), driven by atmospheric warming, underlies the drying trends, but may be a methodological artefact. Here we show that the PET estimator commonly used (the Penman–Monteith PET for either an open-water surface or a reference crop) severely overpredicts the changes in non-water-stressed evapotranspiration computed in the climate models themselves in ACC experiments. This overprediction is partially due to neglect of stomatal conductance reductions commonly induced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in climate models. Our findings imply that historical and future tendencies towards continental drying, as characterized by offline-computed runoff, as well as other PET-dependent metrics, may be considerably weaker and less extensive than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nclimate3046","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2016, Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying: Nature Climate Change, v. 6, p. 946-949, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3046.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"949","ipdsId":"IP-072538","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90127e4b0849ce97abce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186192,"text":"70186192 - 2016 - NGWA workshop on “Making Groundwater Sustainable”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T14:23:58","indexId":"70186192","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5470,"text":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NGWA workshop on “Making Groundwater Sustainable”","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a small portion of the global water budget, but a potentially large contributor to coastal nutrient budgets due to high concentrations relative to stream discharge. A numerical groundwater flow model of the Inland Bays Watershed, Delaware, USA, was developed to identify the primary hydrogeologic factors that affect groundwater discharge rates and transit times to streams and bays. The distribution of groundwater discharge between streams and bays is sensitive to the depth of the water table below land surface. Higher recharge and reduced hydraulic conductivity raised the water table and increased discharge to streams relative to bays compared to the Reference case (in which 66% of recharge is discharged to streams). Increases to either factor decreased transit times for discharge to both streams and bays compared to the Reference case (in which mean transit times are 56.5 and 94.3 years, respectively), though sensitivity to recharge is greater. Groundwater-borne nitrogen loads were calculated from nitrogen concentrations measured in discharging fresh groundwater and modeled SGD rates. These loads combined with long SGD transit times suggest groundwater-borne nitrogen reductions and estuarine water quality improvements will lag decades behind implementation of efforts to manage nutrient sources. This work enhances understanding of the hydrogeologic controls on and uncertainties in absolute and relative rates and transit times of groundwater discharge to streams and bays in coastal watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.013","usgsCitation":"Russoniello, C.J., Konikow, L.F., Kroeger, K.D., Fernandez, C., Andres, A., and Michael, H.A., 2016, Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater discharge and nitrogen loads in a coastal watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 538, p. 783-793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"783","endPage":"793","ipdsId":"IP-071064","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8150","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"538","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac0e4b02ff32c6aea2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russoniello, Chrtopher J.","contributorId":190221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russoniello","given":"Chrtopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Cristina","contributorId":190222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andres, A. Scott","contributorId":64750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"A. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, Holly A.","contributorId":190224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186328,"text":"70186328 - 2016 - Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:45:11","indexId":"70186328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"Zones of strong groundwater upwelling to streams enhance thermal stability and moderate thermal extremes, which is particularly important to aquatic ecosystems in a warming climate. Passive thermal tracer methods used to quantify vertical upwelling rates rely on downward conduction of surface temperature signals. However, moderate to high groundwater flux rates (>−1.5 m d−1) restrict downward propagation of diurnal temperature signals, and therefore the applicability of several passive thermal methods. Active streambed heating from within high-resolution fiber-optic temperature sensors (A-HRTS) has the potential to define multidimensional fluid-flux patterns below the extinction depth of surface thermal signals, allowing better quantification and separation of local and regional groundwater discharge. To demonstrate this concept, nine A-HRTS were emplaced vertically into the streambed in a grid with ∼0.40 m lateral spacing at a stream with strong upward vertical flux in Mashpee, Massachusetts, USA. Long-term (8–9 h) heating events were performed to confirm the dominance of vertical flow to the 0.6 m depth, well below the extinction of ambient diurnal signals. To quantify vertical flux, short-term heating events (28 min) were performed at each A-HRTS, and heat-pulse decay over vertical profiles was numerically modeled in radial two dimension (2-D) using SUTRA. Modeled flux values are similar to those obtained with seepage meters, Darcy methods, and analytical modeling of shallow diurnal signals. We also observed repeatable differential heating patterns along the length of vertically oriented sensors that may indicate sediment layering and hyporheic exchange superimposed on regional groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018219","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Buckley, S.F., Bagtzoglou, A.C., Werkema, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5179-5194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5179","endPage":"5194","ipdsId":"IP-074563","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":190400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":190401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184330,"text":"70184330 - 2016 - Predicting arsenic in drinking water wells of the Central Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T16:43:45","indexId":"70184330","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting arsenic in drinking water wells of the Central Valley, California","docAbstract":"Probabilities of arsenic in groundwater at depths used for domestic and public supply in the Central Valley of California are predicted using weak-learner ensemble models (boosted regression trees, BRT) and more traditional linear models (logistic regression, LR). Both methods captured major processes that affect arsenic concentrations, such as the chemical evolution of groundwater, redox differences, and the influence of aquifer geochemistry. Inferred flow-path length was the most important variable but near-surface-aquifer geochemical data also were significant. A unique feature of this study was that previously predicted nitrate concentrations in three dimensions were themselves predictive of arsenic and indicated an important redox effect at >10 μg/L, indicating low arsenic where nitrate was high. Additionally, a variable representing three-dimensional aquifer texture from the Central Valley Hydrologic Model was an important predictor, indicating high arsenic associated with fine-grained aquifer sediment. BRT outperformed LR at the 5 μg/L threshold in all five predictive performance measures and at 10 μg/L in four out of five measures. BRT yielded higher prediction sensitivity (39%) than LR (18%) at the 10 μg/L threshold–a useful outcome because a major objective of the modeling was to improve our ability to predict high arsenic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b01914","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J.D., Nolan, B.T., and Gronberg, J.M., 2016, Predicting arsenic in drinking water wells of the Central Valley, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 14, p. 7555-7563, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01914.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7555","endPage":"7563","ipdsId":"IP-074943","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","volume":"50","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f6e4b014cc3a3ba4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. 0000-0002-1892-2738 jayotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-2738","contributorId":149619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187252,"text":"70187252 - 2016 - Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T13:10:41","indexId":"70187252","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2526,"text":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields","docAbstract":"Within the central Appalachia Coalfields, the aquatic impacts of large-scale land uses, such as surface mining, are of particular ecological concern. Identification and quantification of land use impacts to aquatic ecosystems are a necessary first step to aid in mitigation of negative consequences to biota. However, quantifying physical environmental quality such as stream and riparian habitat often can be quite difficult, particularly when there is time or fiscal limitations. As such, standard protocols such as the U.S. EPA’s Stream Habitat Rapid Bioassessment Protocol have been established to be cost- and time-effective. This protocol estimates ten different stream and riparian conditions on a scale of 0 to 20. Unfortunately, using estimations can be problematic because of large potential variation in the scoring depending on differences in training, experience, and opinion of the personnel doing the estimations. In order to help negate these biases and provide a simplified process, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed a functional assessment for streams that measures 11 stream and riparian variables along with watershed land use to calculate three different scores, a hydrology score, biogeochemical score, and habitat score. In our study, we examined the correlation of stream salamander presence and abundance to the three USACE scores. In the summer of 2013, we visited 70 sites in the southwest Virginia Coalfields multiple times to collect salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using occupancy and abundance analyses, we found strong relationships among three Desmognathus spp. and the USACE Habitat FCI score. Accordingly, the Habitat FCI score provides a reasonable assessment of physical instream and riparian conditions that may serve as a surrogate for understanding the community composition and integrity of aquatic salamander in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":" American Society of Mining and Reclamation","doi":"10.21000/JASMR16010045","usgsCitation":"Sweeten, S.E., and Ford, W.M., 2016, Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields: Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, v. 5, no. 1, p. 45-66, https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR16010045.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-064392","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr16010045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a4e4b022cee40dc238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeten, Sara E.","contributorId":191565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeten","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179717,"text":"70179717 - 2016 - Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T10:24:48","indexId":"70179717","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils","docAbstract":"Increasing temperatures in northern high latitudes are causing permafrost to thaw, making large amounts of previously frozen organic matter vulnerable to microbial decomposition. Permafrost thaw also creates a fragmented landscape of drier and wetter soil conditions that determine the amount and form (carbon dioxide (CO2), or methane (CH4)) of carbon (C) released to the atmosphere. The rate and form of C release control the magnitude of the permafrost C feedback, so their relative contribution with a warming climate remains unclear. We quantified the effect of increasing temperature and changes from aerobic to anaerobic soil conditions using 25 soil incubation studies from the permafrost zone. Here we show, using two separate meta-analyses, that a 10 °C increase in incubation temperature increased C release by a factor of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 to 2.2). Under aerobic incubation conditions, soils released 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.2) times more C than under anaerobic conditions. Even when accounting for the higher heat trapping capacity of CH4, soils released 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.4) times more C under aerobic conditions. These results imply that permafrost ecosystems thawing under aerobic conditions and releasing CO2 will strengthen the permafrost C feedback more than waterlogged systems releasing CO2 and CH4 for a given amount of C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nclimate3054","usgsCitation":"Schädel, C., Bader, M.K., Schuur, E.A., Biasi, C., Bracho, R., Capek, P., De Baets, S., Diakova, K., Ernakovich, J., Estop-Aragones, C., Graham, D.E., Hartley, I.P., Iversen, C.M., Kane, E.S., Knoblauch, C., Lupascu, M., Martikainen, P.J., Natali, S.M., Norby, R.J., O’Donnell, J.A., Roy Chowdhury, T., Santruckova, H., Shaver, G., Sloan, V.L., Treat, C.C., Turetsky, M.R., Waldrop, M.P., and Wickland, K.P., 2016, Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils: Nature Climate Change, v. 6, p. 950-953, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"953","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1336567","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5aae4b0847d353f44c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schädel, Christina","contributorId":178287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schädel","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bader, Martin K.-F.","contributorId":176589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bader","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.-F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biasi, Christina","contributorId":178288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biasi","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bracho, Rosvel","contributorId":178289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bracho","given":"Rosvel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Capek, Petr","contributorId":178290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capek","given":"Petr","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Baets, 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The approach was applied to 56 nitrate-impacted private domestic wells located in the San Joaquin Valley. Model analysis found that some domestic wells were clearly dominated by the manure source and suggests evidence for majority contributions from either the septic or fertilizer source for other wells. But, predictions of fractional contributions for septic and fertilizer sources were often of similar magnitude, perhaps because modeled uncertainty about the fraction of each was large. For validation of the Bayesian model, fractional estimates were compared to surrounding land use and estimated source contributions were broadly consistent with nearby land use types.
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","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2016EO047295","usgsCitation":"Wynne, J.J., Titus, T.N., and Boston, P.J., 2016, Planetary caves’ role in astronaut bases and the search for life: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 97, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2016EO047295.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-070877","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2016eo047295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c6e4b01ccd54fb27cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynne, J. 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Both restoration actions and impact assessments can become “adaptive” by using the knowledge gained from long-term monitoring and analysis to revise the actions, monitoring, conceptual model, or interpretation of findings so that subsequent actions or assessments are better informed. Assessments of impact or restoration success are especially challenging when the indicators of interest are imperiled species and/or the impacts being addressed are complex. From 1997 to 2015, we worked closely with two federal agencies to monitor habitat availability for and population density of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered fish, in a 24-km-long segment of the upper Roanoke River, VA. We primarily used a Before-After-Control-Impact analytical framework to assess potential impacts of a river channelization project on the P. rex population. In this paper, we summarize how our extensive monitoring facilitated the evolution of our (a) conceptual understanding of the ecosystem and fish population dynamics; (b) choices of ecological indicators and analytical tools; and (c) conclusions regarding the magnitude, mechanisms, and significance of observed impacts. Our experience with this case study taught us important lessons about how to adaptively develop and conduct a monitoring program, which we believe are broadly applicable to assessments of environmental impact and restoration success in other rivers. In particular, we learned that (a) pre-treatment planning can enhance monitoring effectiveness, help avoid unforeseen pitfalls, and lead to more robust conclusions; (b) developing adaptable conceptual and analytical models early was crucial to organizing our knowledge, guiding our study design, and analyzing our data; (c) catchment-wide processes that we did not monitor, or initially consider, had profound implications for interpreting our findings; and (d) using multiple analytical frameworks, with varying assumptions, led to clearer interpretation of findings than the use of a single framework alone. Broader integration of these guiding principles into monitoring studies, though potentially challenging, could lead to more scientifically defensible assessments of project effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w8060240","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., Anderson, G.B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2016, A long-term study of ecological impacts of river channelization on the population of an endangered fish: Lessons learned for assessment and restoration: Water, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8060240.","productDescription":"Article 240; 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-073154","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w8060240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd1fe4b06e28e9c24779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Gregory B.","contributorId":65988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193159,"text":"70193159 - 2016 - Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T16:11:30","indexId":"70193159","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects","docAbstract":"Middle-out effects or a combination of top-down and bottom-up processes create many theoretical and empirical challenges in the realm of trophic ecology. We propose using specific autecology or species trait (i.e. behavioural) information to help explain and understand trophic dynamics that may involve complicated and non-unidirectional trophic interactions. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) served as our model species for whole-lake observational and experimental studies; four trophic levels were measured to assess common carp-mediated middle-out effects across multiple lakes. We hypothesised that common carp could influence aquatic ecosystems through multiple pathways (i.e. abiotic and biotic foraging, early life feeding, nutrient). Both studies revealed most trophic levels were affected by common carp, highlighting strong middle-out effects likely caused by common carp foraging activities and abiotic influence (i.e. sediment resuspension). The loss of water transparency, submersed vegetation and a shift in zooplankton dynamics were the strongest effects. Trophic levels furthest from direct pathway effects were also affected (fish life history traits). The present study demonstrates that common carp can exert substantial effects on ecosystem structure and function. Species capable of middle-out effects can greatly modify communities through a variety of available pathways and are not confined to traditional top-down or bottom-up processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/MF15068","usgsCitation":"Kaemingk, M.A., Jolley, J.C., Paukert, C.P., Willis, D.W., Henderson, K., Holland, R.S., Wanner, G.A., and Lindvall, M.L., 2016, Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 4, p. 718-731, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15068.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"731","ipdsId":"IP-063503","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd1fe4b06e28e9c2477c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaemingk, Mark A.","contributorId":40510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemingk","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolley, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":195102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, Kjetil R.","contributorId":191695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Kjetil R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, Richard S.","contributorId":200634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wanner, Greg A.","contributorId":200635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanner","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindvall, Mark L.","contributorId":200636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindvall","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175249,"text":"70175249 - 2016 - The impact of onsite wastewater disposal systems on groundwater in areas inundated by Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:22:24","indexId":"70175249","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of onsite wastewater disposal systems on groundwater in areas inundated by Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey","docAbstract":"Coastal onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) were inundated by Hurricane Sandy's storm tide. This study compares the shallow groundwater quality (nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones) downgradient of OWDS before and after Hurricane Sandy, where available, and establishes a baseline for wastewater influence on groundwater in coastal communities inundated by Hurricane Sandy. Nutrients and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were detected in shallow groundwater downgradient of OWDS in two settings along the New Jersey and New York coastlines: 1) a single, centralized OWDS in a park; and 2) multiple OWDS (cesspools) in low-density residential and mixed-use/medium density residential areas. The most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were lidocaine (40%), carbamazepine (36%), and fexofenadine, bupropion, desvenlafaxine, meprobamate, and tramadol (24–32%). Increases in the number and total concentration of pharmaceuticals after Hurricane Sandy may reflect other factors (seasonality, usage) besides inundation, and demonstrate the importance of analyzing for a wide variety of CECs in regional studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.038","usgsCitation":"Fisher, I., Phillips, P.J., Colella, K., Fisher, S.C., Tagliaferri, T.N., Foreman, W., and Furlong, E.T., 2016, The impact of onsite wastewater disposal systems on groundwater in areas inundated by Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.038.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069552","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174453,"text":"70174453 - 2016 - Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:19:14","indexId":"70174453","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"Changes in bed sediment chemistry of Hempstead Bay (HB) have been evaluated in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, which resulted in the release of billions of liters of poorly-treated sewage into tributaries and channels throughout the bay. Surficial grab samples (top 5 cm) collected before and (or) after Hurricane Sandy from sixteen sites in HB were analyzed for 74 wastewater tracers and steroid hormones, and total organic carbon. Data from pre- and post-storm comparisons of the most frequently detected wastewater tracers and ratios of steroid hormone and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations indicate an increased sewage signal near outfalls and downstream of where raw sewage was discharged. Median concentration of wastewater tracers decreased after the storm at sites further from outfalls. Overall, changes in sediment quality probably resulted from a combination of additional sewage inputs, sediment redistribution, and stormwater runoff in the days to weeks following Hurricane Sandy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.044","usgsCitation":"Fisher, S.C., Phillips, P.J., Brownawell, B., and Browne, J., 2016, Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 499-508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.044.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069548","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hempstead Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.828125,\n 40.538851525354644\n ],\n [\n -73.828125,\n 40.71499673906409\n ],\n [\n -73.35708618164062,\n 40.71499673906409\n ],\n [\n -73.35708618164062,\n 40.538851525354644\n ],\n [\n -73.828125,\n 40.538851525354644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dc1a3e4b0589fa1cb7d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Shawn C. 0000-0001-6324-1061 scfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-1061","contributorId":4843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Shawn","email":"scfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. 0000-0001-5915-2015 pjphilli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2015","contributorId":172757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownawell, Bruce J.","contributorId":108264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownawell","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browne, James","contributorId":172825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browne","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27101,"text":"Conservation Biologist, Town of Hempstead Dept of Conservation & Waterways","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170965,"text":"sir20165060 - 2016 - Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70170965,"text":"sir20165060 - 2016 - Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York","indexId":"sir20165060","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70202005,"text":"sir20185169 - 2019 - Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York","indexId":"sir20185169","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70202005,"text":"sir20185169 - 2019 - Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York","indexId":"sir20185169","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T14:53:45.691442","indexId":"sir20165060","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5060","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an approximately100-mile length of Lake Champlain in Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, and Grand Isle Counties in Vermont and northern Clinton County in New York were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the International Joint Commission (IJC). The flood-inundationmaps, which can be accessed through the International Joint Commission (IJC) Web site at http://www.ijc.org/en_/, depict estimates of the areal extent flooding correspondingto selected water levels (stages) at the USGS lake gage on the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. (station number 04295000). In this study, wind and seiche effects (standing oscillating wave with a long wavelength) were not taken into account and the flood-inundation mapsreflect 11 stages (elevations) for Lake Champlain that are static for the study length of the lake. Near-real-time stages at this lake gage, and others on Lake Champlain, may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point.
Static flood boundary extents were determined for LakeChamplain in Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, and Grand Isle Counties in Vermont and northern Clinton County in New York using recently acquired (2013–2014) lidar (light detection and ranging) and may be referenced to any of the five USGS lake gages on Lake Champlain. Of these five lakgages, USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y., is the only USGS lake gage that is also a National Weather Service prediction location. Flood boundary extents for the Lake Champlain static flood-inundation map corresponding to the May 201 flood(103.2 feet [ft], National Geodetic Vertical Datum [NGVD] 29) were evaluated by comparing these boundary extents against the inundation area extents determined for the May 2011 flood (which incorporated documented high-water marksfrom the flood of May 201) (Bjerklie and others, 2014).
A digital elevation model (DEM) was created by USGS, within a geographic information system (GIS), from the recently flown and processed light detection and ranging(lidar) data (2013–2014) in Vermont and the lake shore area of northern Clinton County in New York. The lidar data have a vertical accuracy of 0.3 to 0.6-ft (9.6 to 18.0-centimeters [cm]) and a horizontal resolution of 2.3 to 4.6 ft (0.7 to 1.4 meters). This DEM was used in determining the floodboundary for 11 flood stages at 0.5-ft intervals from 100.0 to104.0 ft (NGVD 29) and 1-ft intervals from 104.0 to 106.0 ft (NGVD 29) as referenced to the USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. In addition, the May 2011 flood-inundation area for elevation103.20 ft (NGVD 29) (102.77 ft, North American Vertical Datum [NAVD] 88) was determined from this DEM. The May 2011 flood is the highest recorded lake water level (stage)at the Rouses Point, N.Y., lake gage. Flood stages greater than 101.5 ft (NGVD 29) exceed the “major flood stage”as defined by the NationalWeather Service for USGS lake gage 04295000.
The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS lake gage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NationalWeather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood responseactivities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery eforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., and Hayes, Laura, 2016, Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5060, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165060.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068359","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/sir20165060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5060"},{"id":323820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can generate dangerous flash floods and debris flows. To reduce public exposure to hazard, the U.S. Geological Survey produces post-fire debris-flow hazard assessments for select fires in the western United States. We use publicly available geospatial data describing basin morphology, burn severity, soil properties, and rainfall characteristics to estimate the statistical likelihood that debris flows will occur in response to a storm of a given rainfall intensity. Using an empirical database and refined geospatial analysis methods, we defined new equations for the prediction of debris-flow likelihood using logistic regression methods. We showed that the new logistic regression model outperformed previous models used to predict debris-flow likelihood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161106","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Negri, J.A., Kean, J.W., Laber, J.M., Tillery, A.C., and Youberg, A.M., 2016, Updated logistic regression equations for the calculation of post-fire debris-flow likelihood in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1106, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/ofr20161106.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076051","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Report"},{"id":324672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324675,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106_appx-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Appendix 1"}],"contact":"Center Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Bed sediment samples from 79 coastal New York and New Jersey, USA sites were analyzed for 75 compounds including wastewater associated contaminants, PAHs, and other organic compounds to assess the post-Hurricane Sandy distribution of organic contaminants among six regions. These results provide the first assessment of wastewater compounds, hormones, and PAHs in bed sediment for this region. Concentrations of most wastewater contaminants and PAHs were highest in the most developed region (Upper Harbor/Newark Bay, UHNB) and reflected the wastewater inputs to this area. Although the lack of pre-Hurricane Sandy data for most of these compounds make it impossible to assess the effect of the storm on wastewater contaminant concentrations, PAH concentrations in the UHNB region reflect pre-Hurricane Sandy conditions in this region. Lower hormone concentrations than predicted by the total organic carbon relation occurred in UHNB samples, suggesting that hormones are being degraded in the UHNB region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.050","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Gibson, C.A., Fisher, S.C., Fisher, I., Reilly, T.J., Smalling, K., Romanok, K., Foreman, W., ReVello, R., Focazio, M.J., and Jones, D.K., 2016, Regional variability in bed-sediment concentrations of wastewater compounds, hormones and PAHs for portions of coastal New York and New Jersey impacted by hurricane Sandy: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 489-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.050.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"498","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069674","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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An approach to capitalize on previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) models to improve the understanding of contaminant fate and transport was developed and applied to the case of nitrogen in the 166,000 km2 Chesapeake Bay watershed. A continuous function of four hydrogeologic, soil, and other landscape properties significant (α = 0.10) to nitrogen transport from uplands to streams was evaluated and compared among each of the more than 80,000 individual catchments (mean area, 2.1 km2) in the watershed. Budgets (including inputs, losses or net change in storage in uplands and stream corridors, and delivery to tidal waters) were also estimated for nitrogen applied to these catchments from selected upland sources. Most (81%) of such inputs are removed, retained, or otherwise processed in uplands rather than transported to surface waters. Combining SPARROW results with previous budget estimates suggests 55% of this processing is attributable to denitrification, 23% to crop or timber harvest, and 6% to volatilization. Remaining upland inputs represent a net annual increase in landscape storage in soils or biomass exceeding 10 kg per hectare in some areas. Such insights are important for planning watershed restoration and for improving future watershed models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12419","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., and Garcia, A.M., 2016, Application of SPARROW modeling to understanding contaminant fate and transport from uplands to streams: JAWRA, v. 52, no. 3, p. 685-704, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12419.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"704","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071433","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5776349ce4b07dd077c829aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":152414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281 agarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":2035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana","email":"agarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174047,"text":"70174047 - 2016 - Understanding the hydrologic impacts of wastewater treatment plant discharge to shallow groundwater: Before and after plant shutdown","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:41:40","indexId":"70174047","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5112,"text":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the hydrologic impacts of wastewater treatment plant discharge to shallow groundwater: Before and after plant shutdown","docAbstract":"Effluent-impacted surface water has the potential to transport not only water, but wastewater-derived contaminants to shallow groundwater systems. To better understand the effects of effluent discharge on in-stream and near-stream hydrologic conditions in wastewater-impacted systems, water-level changes were monitored in hyporheic-zone and shallow-groundwater piezometers in a reach of Fourmile Creek adjacent to and downstream of the Ankeny (Iowa, USA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Water-level changes were monitored from approximately 1.5 months before to 0.5 months after WWTP closure. Diurnal patterns in WWTP discharge were closely mirrored in stream and shallow-groundwater levels immediately upstream and up to 3 km downstream of the outfall, indicating that such discharge was the primary control on water levels before shutdown. The hydrologic response to WWTP shutdown was immediately observed throughout the study reach, verifying the far-reaching hydraulic connectivity and associated contaminant transport risk. The movement of WWTP effluent into alluvial aquifers has implications for potential WWTP-derived contamination of shallow groundwater far removed from the WWTP outfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c6ew00128a","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, L.E., Keefe, S.H., Kolpin, D.W., Barber, L.B., Duris, J.W., Hutchinson, K.J., and Bradley, P.M., 2016, Understanding the hydrologic impacts of wastewater treatment plant discharge to shallow groundwater: Before and after plant shutdown: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, v. 2, p. 864-874, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00128a.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"874","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073598","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RF5S3P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Precipitation, surface-water discharge, and groundwater elevation data for Fourmile Creek, Ankeny, Iowa, USA during October 1, 2013 to November 30, 2013"},{"id":324665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.4684573556768\n ],\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.75184866809371\n ],\n [\n -93.43185424804688,\n 41.75184866809371\n ],\n [\n -93.43185424804688,\n 41.4684573556768\n ],\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.4684573556768\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5776349ee4b07dd077c829d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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2016 - Completion summary for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:34:45","indexId":"sir20165088","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5088","title":"Completion summary for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. Borehole TAN-2271 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. Borehole TAN-2272 was partially cored between 210 and 282 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) then drilled and constructed as a monitor well. Boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 are separated by about 63 ft and have similar geologic layers and hydrologic characteristics based on geologic, geophysical, and aquifer test data collected. The final construction for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 required 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to total depths of 282 and 287 ft BLS, respectively. Depth to water is measured near 228 ft BLS in both boreholes. Following construction and data collection, temporary submersible pumps and water-level access lines were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Borehole TAN-2271 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 33 ft BLS) to a depth of 284 ft BLS. Excluding surface sediment, recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2271 was better than 98 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, material examined from 33 to 211ft BLS primarily consists of two massive basalt flows that are about 78 and 50 ft in thickness and three sediment layers near 122, 197, and 201 ft BLS. Between 211 and 284 ft BLS, geophysical data and core material suggest a high occurrence of fractured and vesicular basalt. For the section of aquifer tested, there are two primary fractured aquifer intervals: the first between 235 and 255 ft BLS and the second between 272 and 282 ft BLS. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2271 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic. Sediment layers, starting near 122 ft BLS, generally were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay. Basalt flows generally ranged in thickness from 2 to 78 ft and varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation. Geophysical data and limited core material collected from TAN-2272 show similar lithologic sequences to those reported for TAN-2271.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected during certain stages of the drilling and construction process at boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with available core material to confirm geologic and hydrologic similarities and suggest possible fractured network interconnection between boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess the completeness of the vapor port lines behind 10-in. diameter well casing. Electromagnetic flow meter results were used to identify downward flow conditions that exist for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement at all depths in boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272.
After borehole construction was completed, single‑well aquifer tests were done within wells TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were estimated for the pumping well and observation well during the aquifer tests conducted on August 25 and August 27, 2015. Estimates for transmissivity range from 4.1 . 103 feet squared per day (ft2/d) to 8.1 . 103 ft2/d; estimates for hydraulic conductivity range from 5.8 to 11.5 feet per day (ft/d). Both TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 show sustained pumping rates of about 30 gallons per minute (gal/min) with measured drawdown in the pumping well of 1.96 ft and 1.14 ft, respectively. The transmissivity estimates for wells tested were within the range of values determined from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Groundwater samples were collected from both wells and were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Groundwater samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed similar water chemistry in both wells. Groundwater samples for strontium-90, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride exceeded maximum contaminant levels for public drinking water supplies in one or both wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165088","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22239Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
Excess sediment in rivers and estuaries poses serious environmental and economic challenges. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) routinely dredges sediment in Federal navigation channels to maintain commercial shipping operations. The USACE initiated a 3-year pilot project in 2013 to use navigation channel dredged material to aid in restoration of shoreline habitat in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment of the Duluth-Superior Harbor. Placing dredged material in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment supports the restoration of shallow bay aquatic habitat aiding in the delisting of the St. Louis River Estuary Area of Concern.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE, collected turbidity and suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) in 2014 and 2015 to measure the horizontal and vertical distribution of SSCs during placement operations of dredged materials. These data were collected to help the USACE evaluate the use of several best management practices, including various dredge material placement techniques and a silt curtain, to mitigate the dispersion of suspended sediment.
Three-dimensional visualization maps are a valuable tool for assessing the spatial displacement of SSCs. Data collection was designed to coincide with four dredged placement configurations that included periods with and without a silt curtain as well as before and after placement of dredged materials. Approximately 230 SSC samples and corresponding turbidity values collected in 2014 and 2015 were used to develop a simple linear regression model between SSC and turbidity. Using the simple linear regression model, SSCs were estimated for approximately 3,000 turbidity values at approximately 100 sampling sites in the 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment of the Duluth-Superior Harbor. The estimated SSCs served as input for development of 12 three-dimensional visualization maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Groten, J.T., Ellison, C.A., and Mahoney, M.H., 2016, Three-dimensional visualization maps of suspended-sediment concentrations during placement of dredged material in 21st Avenue West Channel Embayment, Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5086, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165086.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Appendix Tables: 1-1 through 1-4","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069759","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324664,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5086/sir20165086_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables 1–1 through 1–4","size":"277 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5086 Appendix Tables"},{"id":324663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5086/sir20165086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5086"},{"id":324662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5086/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Duluth","otherGeospatial":"Duluth-Superior Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.12679862976073,\n 46.75162347434115\n ],\n [\n -92.12679862976073,\n 46.76626466624822\n ],\n [\n -92.10474014282227,\n 46.76626466624822\n ],\n [\n -92.10474014282227,\n 46.75162347434115\n ],\n [\n -92.12679862976073,\n 46.75162347434115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
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The effects of urbanization on annual maximum peak discharges in northeastern Illinois and nearby areas from 1945 to 2009 were analyzed with a two-step longitudinal-quantile linear regression approach. The peak discharges were then adjusted to 2010 land-use conditions. The explanatory variables used were daily precipitation at the time of the peak discharge event and a housing density-based measure of developed land use. The effect of the implementation of stormwater detention was assessed indirectly. Peak discharge records affected by the construction of large reservoirs that affect channel routing were identified and were split into segments at the time of completion of the reservoir. Longitudinal regressions of the peak discharge records on linear and logarithmic transformations of the selected measures of urbanization and precipitation were tested, and the best fitting model was selected for quantile regression and adjustment of the peak discharges.
\nBecause the uncertainties of streamgage-by-streamgage regressions of peak discharges as a function of urbanization are so large, a regional urbanization response was computed. Streamgages used in this study fit the following two criteria: (1) drainage area is at most 200 square miles and, (2) at least 10 consecutive years of peak discharge record are available. In the first step of the regression analysis, linear longitudinal regression models with fixed intercepts estimated for each segment of the peak discharge records were computed. The segment intercepts were then subtracted from the discharge records to homogenize the discharge dataset across the segments in preparation for the quantile regression analysis. From the quantile regression analysis, the effect of urbanization on peak discharge varies strongly with the exceedance probability of the peak discharge event; coefficients monotonically increase from 0.340 to 0.969 over exceedance probabilities from 0.002 to 0.99. The regression analyses yield estimates of the population-wide effect of the explanatory variables on the dependent variables as a function of exceedance probability. These estimates are similar to the coefficients of the regional regression relations in USGS regional flood-frequency studies such as those implemented in the Web application StreamStats; although in the longitudinal analysis used in this study, it is the temporal not the spatial (between-streamgage) variations that are taken into account.
\nThe observed and adjusted values for each streamgage are tabulated. To illustrate the overall effect of the adjustments, differences in the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the log-transformed observed and urbanization-adjusted peak discharge series by streamgage are computed. For almost every streamgage where an adjustment was applied (no increase in urbanization was reported for a few streamgages), the mean increased and the standard deviation decreased; the effect on skewness values was more variable but usually they increased. Significant positive peak discharge trends were common in the observed values, occurring at 27.3 percent of streamgages at a p-value of 0.05 according to a Kendall’s tau correlation test; in the adjusted values, the incidence of such trends was reduced to 7.0 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers—Chicago District, the Illinois Center for Transportation, the Illinois Department of Transportation, and the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Saito, R.J., and Soong, D.T., 2016, Adjusting annual maximum peak discharges at selected stations in northeastern Illinois for changes in land-use conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5049, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165049.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 33 p.; Tables; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050378","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324541,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5049/sir20165049_Theobald_tifs.zip","text":"1940–2030 Housing Density Data","size":"1.04 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016–5049 Spatial Data"},{"id":324540,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5049/sir20165049_tables.xlsx","text":"Tables 1, 3, 4, and 7","size":"375 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5049 Tables"},{"id":324534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5049/sir20165049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5049"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
Mercury (Hg) analyses were conducted on samples of sport fish and water collected from selected sampling sites in Brownlee Reservoir and the Boise and Snake Rivers to meet National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for the City of Boise, Idaho, between 2013 and 2015. City of Boise personnel collected water samples from six sites between October and November 2013 and 2015, with one site sampled in 2014. Total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water samples ranged from 0.48 to 8.8 nanograms per liter (ng/L), with the highest value in Brownlee Reservoir in 2013. All Hg concentrations in water samples were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Hg chronic aquatic life criterion of 12 ng/L.
The USEPA recommended a water-quality criterion of 0.30 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) methylmercury (MeHg) expressed as a fish-tissue residue value (wet-weight MeHg in fish tissue). The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality adopted the USEPA’s fish-tissue criterion and established a reasonable potential to exceed (RPTE) threshold 20 percent lower than the criterion or greater than 0.24 mg/kg Hg based on an average concentration of 10 fish from a receiving waterbody. NPDES permitted discharge to waters with fish having Hg concentrations exceeding 0.24 mg/kg are said to have a reasonable potential to exceed the water-quality criterion and thus are subject to additional permit obligations, such as requirements for increased monitoring and the development of a Hg minimization plan. The Idaho Fish Consumption Advisory Program (IFCAP) issues fish advisories to protect general and sensitive populations of fish consumers and has developed an action level of 0.22 mg/kg Hg in fish tissue. Fish consumption advisories are water body- and species-specific and are used to advise allowable fish consumption from specific water bodies. The geometric mean Hg concentration of 10 fish of a single species collected from a single water body (lake or stream) in Idaho is compared to the action level to determine if a fish consumption advisory should be issued.
The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed individual fillets of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for Hg. The 2013 average Hg concentration for small mouth bass (0.32 mg/kg) collected at Brownlee Reservoir and for channel catfish (0.33 mg/kg) collected at the Boise River mouth, exceeded the Idaho water quality criterion (>0.3 mg/kg), the Hg RPTE threshold (>0.24 mg/kg), and the IFCAP action level (>0.22 mg/kg). Average Hg concentrations in fish collected in 2014 or 2015 did not exceed evaluation criteria for any of the species assessed.
Selenium (Se) analysis was conducted on one composite fish tissue sample per site to assess general concentrations and to provide information for future risk assessments. Composite concentrations of Se in fish tissue collected between 2013 and 2015 ranged from 0.07 and 0.49 mg/kg wet weight with the highest concentration collected from smallmouth bass from the Snake River near Murphy, and the lowest from mountain whitefish from the Boise River at Eckert Road.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Boise, Idaho","usgsCitation":"Williams, M.L., and MacCoy, D.E., 2016, Mercury concentrations in water and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in the Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1098, 29 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161098.","productDescription":"iv, 38p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070289","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1098/ofr20161098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1098"},{"id":324694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1098/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Boise","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 43.07089421067248\n ],\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 44.004669106432225\n ],\n [\n -115.58990478515625,\n 44.004669106432225\n ],\n [\n -115.58990478515625,\n 43.07089421067248\n ],\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 43.07089421067248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
Characterizing the impacts of hydrologic alterations, pollutants, and habitat degradation on macroinvertebrate species assemblages is of critical value for managers wishing to categorize stream ecosystem condition. A combination of approaches including trait-based metrics and traditional bioassessments provides greater information, particularly in anthropogenic stream ecosystems where traditional approaches can be confounded by variously interacting land use impacts. Macroinvertebrates were collected from two rural and three urban nested study sites in central Missouri, USA during the spring and fall seasons of 2011. Land use responses of conventional taxonomic and trait-based metrics were compared to streamflow indices, physical habitat metrics, and water quality indices. Results show that biotic index was significantly different (p < 0.05) between sites with differences detected in 54 % of trait-based metrics. The most consistent response to urbanization was observed in size metrics, with significantly (p < 0.05) fewer small bodied organisms. Increases in fine streambed sediment, decreased submerged woody rootmats, significantly higher winter Chloride concentrations, and decreased mean suspended sediment particle size in lower urban stream reaches also influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages. Riffle habitats in urban reaches contained 21 % more (p = 0.03) multivoltine organisms, which was positively correlated to the magnitude of peak flows (r2 = 0.91, p = 0.012) suggesting that high flow events may serve as a disturbance in those areas. Results support the use of macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to characterize urban stream system condition and highlight the need to better understand the complex interactions of trait-based metrics and anthropogenic aquatic ecosystem stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11252-016-0534-4","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.W., Hubbart, J.A., and Poulton, B.C., 2016, Using macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to infer urban stream system condition: A case study in the central US: Urban Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 2, p. 679-704, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0534-4.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"679","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-081283","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri ","otherGeospatial":"Hinkson Creek Watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 38.872859384572244\n ],\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 39.00637903337455\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 39.00637903337455\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 38.872859384572244\n ],\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 38.872859384572244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b31ee4b0d1f9f05b380a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, John W.","contributorId":175334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbart, Jason A.","contributorId":194439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbart","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169891,"text":"70169891 - 2016 - Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:24:20","indexId":"70169891","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","title":"Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","docAbstract":"Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to nutrient influx, yet Vibrio response to environmental pulses of Fe remains uncharacterized. Here we examined the population growth of Vibrioafter natural and simulated pulses of atmospherically transported Saharan dust, an important and episodic source of Fe to tropical marine waters. As a model for opportunistic bacterial heterotrophs, we demonstrated that Vibrio proliferate in response to a broad range of dust-Fe additions at rapid timescales. Within 24 h of exposure, strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus were able to directly use Saharan dust–Fe to support rapid growth. These findings were also confirmed with in situ field studies; arrival of Saharan dust in the Caribbean and subtropical Atlantic coincided with high levels of dissolved Fe, followed by up to a 30-fold increase of culturable Vibrio over background levels within 24 h. The relative abundance of Vibrio increased from ∼1 to ∼20% of the total microbial community. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to describe Vibrio response to Saharan dust nutrients, having implications at the intersection of marine ecology, Fe biogeochemistry, and both human and environmental health.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1518080113","usgsCitation":"Westrich, J.R., Ebling, A.M., Landing, W.M., Joyner, J.L., Kemp, K.M., Griffin, D.W., and Lipp, E.K., 2016, Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 21, p. 5964-5969, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518080113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5964","endPage":"5969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067140","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518080113","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774e34ee4b07dd077c5fcef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westrich, Jason R.","contributorId":168327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westrich","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebling, Alina M.","contributorId":168328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebling","given":"Alina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landing, William M.","contributorId":151019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landing","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18104,"text":"Florida State University, Tallahassee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyner, Jessica L.","contributorId":168329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joyner","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemp, Keri M.","contributorId":168330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemp","given":"Keri","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}