{"pageNumber":"4370","pageRowStart":"109225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165869,"records":[{"id":70014131,"text":"70014131 - 1987 - Theoretical analysis of the transient pressure response from a constant flow rate hydraulic conductivity test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:12","indexId":"70014131","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theoretical analysis of the transient pressure response from a constant flow rate hydraulic conductivity test","docAbstract":"<p><span>Incorporating a flow pump into a conventional triaxial laboratory system allows fluid to be supplied to or withdrawn from the base of a sediment sample at small and constant rates. An initial transient record of hydraulic head versus time is observed which eventually stabilizes to a constant steady state gradient across the sample; values of hydraulic conductivity can subsequently be determined from Darcy's law. In this paper, analytical methods are presented for determining values of specific storage and hydraulic conductivity from the initial transient phase of such a constant flow rate test. These methods are based on a diffusion equation involving pore pressure and are analogous to those used to describe the soil consolidation process and also to interpret aquifer properties from pumping tests. Examination of the effective stress distributions within the test specimen induced during this type of measurement shows that values of specific storage corresponding to both compression and rebound conditions can be deduced and differentiated simply by reversing the direction of fluid flow. Applicability and limitations of the methods are illustrated with analyses of recently reported flow pump test measurements conducted on a silty-clay specimen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i008p01461","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Olsen, H.W., 1987, Theoretical analysis of the transient pressure response from a constant flow rate hydraulic conductivity test: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1461-1470, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i008p01461.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1461","endPage":"1470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba385e4b08c986b31fd32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Harold W.","contributorId":28985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014632,"text":"70014632 - 1987 - BOREHOLE NEUTRON ACTIVATION: THE RARE EARTHS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014632","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1946,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"BOREHOLE NEUTRON ACTIVATION: THE RARE EARTHS.","docAbstract":"Neutron-induced borehole gamma-ray spectroscopy has been widely used as a geophysical exploration technique by the petroleum industry, but its use for mineral exploration is not as common. Nuclear methods can be applied to mineral exploration, for determining stratigraphy and bed correlations, for mapping ore deposits, and for studying mineral concentration gradients. High-resolution detectors are essential for mineral exploration, and by using them an analysis of the major element concentrations in a borehole can usually be made. A number of economically important elements can be detected at typical ore-grade concentrations using this method. Because of the application of the rare-earth elements to high-temperature superconductors, these elements are examined in detail as an example of how nuclear techniques can be applied to mineral exploration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/23.12664","issn":"00189499","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, J., and Senftle, F.E., 1987, BOREHOLE NEUTRON ACTIVATION: THE RARE EARTHS.: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, v. 35, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1109/23.12664.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.12664"},{"id":225325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef84e4b0c8380cd4a2c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014130,"text":"70014130 - 1987 - Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:43:07","indexId":"70014130","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models","docAbstract":"Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models, with the water phase considered for both mobile and immobile phases. Chemical reactions can be either equilibrium or non-equilibrium, and can be quantified in linear or non-linear mathematical forms. Non-equilibrium reactions can be separated into kinetic and diffusional rate-limiting mechanisms. Solutions to the equations are available by either analytical expressions or numerical techniques. Saturated and unsaturated batch, column, and field studies are discussed with one-dimensional, laboratory-column experiments predominating. A summary table is presented that references the various kinds of models studied and their applications in predicting chemical concentrations in ground waters.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00835.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Grove, D.B., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1987, Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 23, no. 4, p. 601-615, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00835.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cde4b0c8380cd4b3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, David B.","contributorId":74750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014129,"text":"70014129 - 1987 - Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:19:41.947916","indexId":"70014129","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2458,"text":"Journal of Solid State Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reduction of iron sulfides by hydrogen and by carbon monoxide has been studied using plug flow and thermogravimetric methods. The reactions were studied in the 523–723°K temperature range and were found to be first-order processes. Plug flow studies were used to correlate reaction rates between pyrite and the gases as a function of the surface area of the pyrite. The rate of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S formation increases with the surface area of the pyrite sample. The results of thermogravimetric experiments indicate that the reactions consist of several steps. Rate constants for the pyrite reduction by H</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and by CO were obtained. The activation energies increased with degree of reduction. Values of&nbsp;</span><i>E</i><sub>a</sub><span>&nbsp;were 113.2 (step I) and 122.5 kJ/mole (step II) for pyrite reduction with CO and 99.4 (step I), 122.4 (step II), 125.2 (step III), and 142.6 kJ/mole (step IV) for pyrite reduction with hydrogen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-4596(87)90146-0","issn":"00224596","usgsCitation":"Wiltowski, T., Hinckley, C., Smith, G.V., Nishizawa, T., Saporoschenko, M., Shiley, R., and Webster, J., 1987, Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, v. 71, no. 1, p. 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(87)90146-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a8e4b0c8380cd64f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltowski, T.","contributorId":67663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltowski","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Gerard V.","contributorId":93629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishizawa, T.","contributorId":53536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishizawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saporoschenko, Mykola","contributorId":31905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporoschenko","given":"Mykola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webster, J.R.","contributorId":74475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70014128,"text":"70014128 - 1987 - Valles Marineris, Mars: Wet debris flows and ground ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:45:24","indexId":"70014128","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valles Marineris, Mars: Wet debris flows and ground ice","docAbstract":"<p>Detailed study of the Valles Marineris equatorial troughs suggests that the landslides in that area contained water and probably were gigantic wet debris flows: one landslide complex generated a channel that has several bends and extends for 250 km. Further support for water or ice in debris masses includes rounded flow lobes and transport of some slide masses in the direction of the local topographic slope. Differences in speed and emplacement efficiency between Martian and terrestrial landslides can be attributed to the entrainment of volatiles on Mars, but they can also be explained by other mechanisms. Support that the wall rock contained water comes from the following observations: (1) the water within the landslide debris must have been derived from wall rock; (2) debris appears to have been transported through tributary canyons; (3) locally, channels emerged from the canyons; (4) the wall rock apprarently disintegrated and flowed easily; and (5) fault zones within the troughs are unusually resistant to erosion. The study further suggests that, in the equatorial region of Mars, material below depths of 400-800 m was not desiccated during the time of landslide activity (within the last billion years of Martian history). Therefore the Martian ground-water or groundice reservoir, if not a relic from ancient times, must have been replenished.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(87)90183-7","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1987, Valles Marineris, Mars: Wet debris flows and ground ice: Icarus, v. 72, no. 2, p. 411-429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(87)90183-7.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc106e4b08c986b32a415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014236,"text":"70014236 - 1987 - Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of melanovanadite, a natural vanadium bronze.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014236","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of melanovanadite, a natural vanadium bronze.","docAbstract":"The crystal structure of melanovanadite from Minas Ragra, Peru, has been determined in space group P1. The triclinic unit cell (non-standard) has a 6.360(2), b 18.090(9), c 6.276(2) A, alpha 110.18(4)o, beta 101.62(3)o, gamma 82.86(4)o. A subcell with b' = b/2 was found by crystal-structure analysis to contain CaV4O10.5H2O. The subcell has a layer structure in which the vanadate sheet consists of corner-shared tetrahedral VO4 and double square-pyramidal V2O8 groups, similar to that previously found in synthetic CsV2O5. Refinement of the full structure (R = 0.056) showed that the Ca atom, which half-occupies a general position in the subcell, is 90% ordered at one of these sites in the whole unit cell. Bond length-bond strength estimates indicate that the tetrahedra contain V5+, and the square pyramids, V4+.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Konnert, J., and Evans, H.T., 1987, Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of melanovanadite, a natural vanadium bronze.: American Mineralogist, v. 72, no. 5-6, p. 637-644.","startPage":"637","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcfce4b0c8380cd4e56b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konnert, J.A.","contributorId":17640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konnert","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014127,"text":"70014127 - 1987 - Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014127","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes","docAbstract":"In this study, developments in the theory of stochastic simulation are discussed. The unifying element is the notion of Radon projection in Euclidean spaces. This notion provides a natural way of reconstructing the real process from a corresponding process observable on a reduced dimensionality space, where analysis is theoretically easier and computationally tractable. Within this framework, the concept of space transformation is defined and several of its properties, which are of significant importance within the context of spatially correlated processes, are explored. The turning bands operator is shown to follow from this. This strengthens considerably the theoretical background of the geostatistical method of simulation, and some new results are obtained in both the space and frequency domains. The inverse problem is solved generally and the applicability of the method is extended to anisotropic as well as integrated processes. Some ill-posed problems of the inverse operator are discussed. Effects of the measurement error and impulses at origin are examined. Important features of the simulated process as described by geomechanical laws, the morphology of the deposit, etc., may be incorporated in the analysis. The simulation may become a model-dependent procedure and this, in turn, may provide numerical solutions to spatial-temporal geologic models. Because the spatial simu??lation may be technically reduced to unidimensional simulations, various techniques of generating one-dimensional realizations are reviewed. To link theory and practice, an example is computed in detail. ?? 1987 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00893018","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1987, Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes: Mathematical Geology, v. 19, no. 8, p. 807-831, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00893018.","startPage":"807","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00893018"},{"id":225554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9850e4b08c986b31bf84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015296,"text":"70015296 - 1987 - Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70015296","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3543,"text":"The Annals of Regional Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials","docAbstract":"A cityscape (or any landscape) can be stratified into environmental units using multiple variables of information. For the purposes of sampling building materials, census and land use variables were used to identify similar strata. In the Metropolitan Statistical Area of a cityscape, the census tract is the smallest unit for which census data are summarized and digitized boundaries are available. For purposes of this analysis, census data on total population, total number of housing units, and number of singleunit dwellings were aggregated into variables of persons per square kilometer and proportion of housing units in single-unit dwellings. The level 2 categories of the U.S. Geological Survey's land use and land cover data base were aggregated into variables of proportion of residential land with buildings, proportion of nonresidential land with buildings, and proportion of open land. The cityscape was stratified, from these variables, into environmental strata of Urban Central Business District, Urban Livelihood Industrial Commercial, Urban Multi-Family Residential, Urban Single Family Residential, Non-Urban Suburbanizing, and Non-Urban Rural. The New England region was chosen as a region with commonality of building materials, and a procedure developed for trial classification of census tracts into one of the strata. Final stratification was performed by discriminant analysis using the trial classification and prior probabilities as weights. The procedure was applied to several cities, and the results analyzed by correlation analysis from a field sample of building materials. The methodology developed for stratification of a cityscape using multiple variables has application to many other types of environmental studies, including forest inventory, hydrologic unit management, waste disposal, transportation studies, and other urban studies. Multivariate analysis techniques have recently been used for urban stratification in England. ?? 1987 Annals of Regional Science.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Annals of Regional Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01540229","issn":"05701864","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., and Johnson, T.L., 1987, Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials: The Annals of Regional Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 22-33, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540229.","startPage":"22","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540229"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c0e4b08c986b31c11e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, K.","contributorId":78480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T. L.","contributorId":91062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014643,"text":"70014643 - 1987 - Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:03","indexId":"70014643","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial and temporal variability of sensitivities has a significant impact on parameter estimation and sampling design for studies of solute transport in porous media. Physical insight into the behavior of sensitivities is offered through an analysis of analytically derived sensitivities for the one-dimensional form of the advection-dispersion equation. When parameters are estimated in regression models of one-dimensional transport, the spatial and temporal variability in sensitivities influences variance and covariance of parameter estimates. Several principles account for the observed influence of sensitivities on parameter uncertainty. (1) Information about a physical parameter may be most accurately gained at points in space and time with a high sensitivity to the parameter. (2) As the distance of observation points from the upstream boundary increases, maximum sensitivity to velocity during passage of the solute front increases and the consequent estimate of velocity tends to have lower variance. (3) The frequency of sampling must be “in phase” with the S shape of the dispersion sensitivity curve to yield the most information on dispersion. (4) The sensitivity to the dispersion coefficient is usually at least an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity to velocity. (5) The assumed probability distribution of random error in observations of solute concentration determines the form of the sensitivities. (6) If variance in random error in observations is large, trends in sensitivities of observation points may be obscured by noise and thus have limited value in predicting variance in parameter estimates among designs. (7) Designs that minimize the variance of one parameter may not necessarily minimize the variance of other parameters. (8) The time and space interval over which an observation point is sensitive to a given parameter depends on the actual values of the parameters in the underlying physical system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i002p00253","usgsCitation":"Knopman, D.S., and Voss, C.I., 1987, Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 253-272, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i002p00253.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef7de4b0c8380cd4a285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopman, Debra S.","contributorId":51472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014644,"text":"70014644 - 1987 - The decarbonation and heat capacity of ZnCO3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:32:38.552541","indexId":"70014644","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The decarbonation and heat capacity of ZnCO<sub>3</sub>","title":"The decarbonation and heat capacity of ZnCO3","docAbstract":"<p><span>The decarbonation curve for ZnCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;has been determined in the pressure range 3–20 kbar by using a combination of cold-seal vessels and piston-cylinder apparatus with NaCl assemblies. Heat capacities for both synthetic and natural ZnCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures ranging from 340 to 497 K. The results of these experiments indicate that the enthalpy of formation for smithsonite,&nbsp;</span><i>ΔH</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><span>(1,298.15), is approximately −817. kJ/mol. which is about 4 kJ more negative than most tabulated values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90238-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Haselton, H., and Goldsmith, J.R., 1987, The decarbonation and heat capacity of ZnCO3: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 2, p. 261-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90238-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa83e4b08c986b322875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haselton, H.T.","contributorId":16437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, J. R.","contributorId":25981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014646,"text":"70014646 - 1987 - On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014646","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2407,"text":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions","docAbstract":"Procedures are developed in order to obtain optimal estimates of linear functionals for a wide class of nonstationary spatial functions. These procedures rely on well-established constrained minimum-norm criteria, and are applicable to multidimensional phenomena which are characterized by the so-called hypothesis of inherentity. The latter requires elimination of the polynomial, trend-related components of the spatial function leading to stationary quantities, and also it generates some interesting mathematics within the context of modelling and optimization in several dimensions. The arguments are illustrated using various examples, and a case study computed in detail. ?? 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00941280","issn":"00223239","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Paraskevopoulos, P., 1987, On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, v. 52, no. 2, p. 191-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280.","startPage":"191","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487230,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280"},{"id":225525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dd2e4b0c8380cd75345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paraskevopoulos, P.N.","contributorId":105062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paraskevopoulos","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014235,"text":"70014235 - 1987 - Rocks of the Thirtynine Mile volcanic field as possible sources of uranium for epigenetic deposits in central Colorado, USA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014235","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3668,"text":"Uranium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocks of the Thirtynine Mile volcanic field as possible sources of uranium for epigenetic deposits in central Colorado, USA.","docAbstract":"The most likely volcanic source rock for uranium in epigenetic deposits of the Tallahassee Creek uranium district and nearby areas is the Wall Mountain Tuff. The widespread occurrence of the Tuff, its high apparent original uranium content, approx 11 ppm, and its apparent loss of uranium from devitrification and other alteration suggest its role in providing that element. An estimate of the original Th/U ratio is based on the present thorium and uranium contents of the basal vitrophyre of the Tuff from Castle Rock Gulch, Hecla Junction and other areas.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uranium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, K.A., 1987, Rocks of the Thirtynine Mile volcanic field as possible sources of uranium for epigenetic deposits in central Colorado, USA.: Uranium, v. 4, no. 1, p. 43-65.","startPage":"43","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae1ae4b0c8380cd87017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, K. A.","contributorId":77528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014125,"text":"70014125 - 1987 - Age of uranium mineralization at the Jabiluka and Ranger deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: New U-Pb isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T17:58:19.710378","indexId":"70014125","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of uranium mineralization at the Jabiluka and Ranger deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: New U-Pb isotope evidence","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Ranger and Jabiluka uranium deposits are the largest in the Alligator Rivers uranium field, which contains at least 20 percent of the world's low-cost uranium reserves. Ore occurs in early Proterozoic metasediments, below an unconformity with sandstones of the 1.65-b.y.-old Kombolgie Formation. This study has used U-Pb isotope data from a large number of whole-rock drill core samples with a variety of mineral assemblages and textures. Ranger samples indicate a well-defined age of 1,737 + or - 20 m.y., consistent with earlier suggestions of the antiquity of this deposit. This age is distinctly pre-Kombolgie, so the Ranger deposit cannot have been formed by processes requiring its presence. The age is consistent, however, with mineralization related to heating associated with either the emplacement of early postmetamorphic granites, or possibly, with intrusion of the nearby Oenpelli Dolerite. In contrast, data for the least-altered Jabiluka ores yield a concordia intercept age of 1,437 + or - 40 m.y.--significantly younger than the Ranger age and also younger than the Kombolgie Formation. This age may correspond to a regional thermal event, as indicated both by mafic dikes of roughly this age and a zircon lower intercept age from a nearby granite-gneiss. Thus our data indicate that there must be at least three distinct periods of major U mineralization in the Alligator Rivers uranium field (including the previously determined approximately 900-m.y. age of the Nabarlek deposit), despite the fact that all of the deposits share strong similarities in their host rock, mineralogy, alteration, and geologic setting.Both Ranger and Jabiluka reflect a common, profound isotopic disturbance at about 400 to 600 m.y. This disturbance, which was especially pronounced at Jabiluka, may correspond to the development of basins and associated basalt flows to the west and southwest, as suggested by Crick et al. (1980).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.857","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., Grauch, R., Nutt, C., Nash, J., Frishman, D., and Simmons, K.R., 1987, Age of uranium mineralization at the Jabiluka and Ranger deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: New U-Pb isotope evidence: Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 857-874, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.857.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"874","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f3e4b0c8380cd47fd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nash, J. T.","contributorId":31751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frishman, D.","contributorId":14959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frishman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70014124,"text":"70014124 - 1987 - Coastal lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes, Kona, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T21:46:31.04614","indexId":"70014124","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes, Kona, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>A major carbonate reef which drowned 13 ka is now submerged 150 m below sea level on the west coast of the island of Hawaii. A 25-km span of this reef was investigated using the submersible Makali'i. The reef occurs on the flanks of two active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Hualalai, and the lavas from both volcanoes both underlie and overlie the submerged reef. Most of the basaltic lava flows that crossed the reef did so when the water was much shallower, and when they had to flow a shorter distance from shoreline to reef face. Lava flows on top of the reef have protected it from erosion and solution and now occur at seaward-projecting salients on the reef face. These relations suggest that the reef has retreated shoreward as much as 50 m since it formed. A 7-km-wide \"shadow zone\" occurs where no Hualalai lava flows cross the reef south of Kailua. These lava flows were probably diverted around a large summit cone complex. A similar \"shadow zone\" on the flank of Mauna Loa volcano in the Kealakekua Bay region is downslope from the present Mauna Loa caldera, which ponds Mauna Loa lava and prevents it from reaching the coastline. South of the Mauna Loa \"shadow zone\" the - 150 m reef has been totally covered and obscured by Mauna Loa lava. The boundary between Hualalai and Mauna Loa lava on land occurs over a 6-km-wide zone, whereas flows crossing the - 150 m reef show a sharper boundary offshore from the north side of the subaerial transition zone. This indicates that since the formation of the reef, Hualalai lava has migrated south, mantling Mauna Loa lava. More recently, Mauna Loa lava is again encroaching north on Hualalai lava.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01079826","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Clague, D., 1987, Coastal lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes, Kona, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 49, no. 6, p. 752-764, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079826.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"764","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.11297607421875,\n              19.44328437042322\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.84930419921875,\n              19.44328437042322\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.84930419921875,\n              19.796425363822532\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.11297607421875,\n              19.796425363822532\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.11297607421875,\n              19.44328437042322\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f785e4b0c8380cd4cb71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.","contributorId":9398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014122,"text":"70014122 - 1987 - Estimating threshold values for the land disposal of organic solvent-contaminated wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T17:00:21.674094","indexId":"70014122","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating threshold values for the land disposal of organic solvent-contaminated wastes","docAbstract":"<p>This paper describes conceptual and mathematical modeling approaches to evaluate environmentally suitable waste management practices that prevent ground water pollution from landfill&nbsp; disposal of solid wastes contaminated with organic solvents. Threshold values for disposal of solid wastes contaminated with acetone, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, and carbon tetrachloride were estimated using a disposal site model using a two-dimensional advection-,dispersion solute transport computer code. For example, the threshold value for disposal of carbon tetrachloride at the site model was approximately 600 g/acre, while the value for acetone was limited only by the characteristics of the waste to prevent free drainage of liquid solvent. The study indicated that the toxicity, mass loading rate, and the mass of solvent initially disposed are critical parameters determining the relative success of a given site to attenuate contaminants to environmentally acceptable levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3894(87)85035-5","issn":"03043894","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., and Griffin, R.A., 1987, Estimating threshold values for the land disposal of organic solvent-contaminated wastes: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 15, no. 3, p. 365-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(87)85035-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b66e4b0c8380cd526e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014121,"text":"70014121 - 1987 - The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T15:30:26.756139","indexId":"70014121","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","docAbstract":"<p>In 1982 the U.S. Geological Survey collected six seismic refraction profiles in the Great Valley of California: three axial profiles with a maximum shot-to-receiver offset of 160 km, and three shorter profiles perpendicular to the valley axis. This paper presents the results of two-dimensional raytracing and synthetic seismogram modeling of the central axial profile. The crust of the central Great Valley is laterally heterogeneous along its axis, but generally consists of a sedimentary section overlying distinct upper, middle, and lower crustal units. The sedimentary rocks are 3-5 km thick along the profile, with velocities increasing with depth from 1.6 to 4.0 km/s. The basement (upper crust) consists of four units: 1. (1) a 1.0-1.5 km thick layer of velocity 5.4-5.8 km/s, 2. (2) a 3-4 km thick layer of velocity 6.0-6.3 km/s, 3. (3) a 1.5-3.0 km thick layer of velocity 6.5-6.6 km/s, and 4. (4) a laterally discontinuous, 1.5 km thick layer of velocity 6.8-7.0 km/s. The mid-crust lies at 11-14 km depth, is 5-8 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.6-6.7 km/s. On the northwest side of our profile the mid-crust is a low-velocity zone beneath the 6.8-7.0 km/s lid. The lower crust lies at 16-19 km depth, is 7-13 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.9-7.2 km/s. Crustal thickness increases from 26 to 29 km from NW to SE in the model. Although an unequivocal determination of crustal composition is not possible from P-wave velocities alone, our model has several geological and tectonic implications. We interpret the upper 7 km of basement on the northwest side of the profile as an ophiolitic fragment, since its thickness and velocity structure are consistent with that of oceanic crust. This fragment, which is not present 10-15 km to the west of the refraction profile, is probably at least partially responsible for the Great Valley gravity and magnetic anomalies, whose peaks lie about 10 km east of our profile. The middle and lower crust are probably gabbroic and the product of magmatic or tectonic underplating, or both. The crustal structure of the Great Valley is dissimilar to that of the adjacent Diablo Range, suggesting the existence of a fault or suture zone throughout the crust between these provinces.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, W., and Mooney, W.D., 1987, The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements: Tectonophysics, v. 140, no. 1, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70014284,"text":"70014284 - 1987 - Analysis of extraordinary flood events. U.S.-China bilateral symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014284","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of extraordinary flood events. U.S.-China bilateral symposium","docAbstract":"The symposium took place in Nanjing on 15-19 October 1985 and this volume contains 29 of the 52 papers presented, most of the authors coming either from China or the USA. The articles are organized into three major topics: 1) detection of historical floods and evaluation of the uncertainties in their peak discharges and times of occurrence; 2) frequency analysis and design flood determination in the presence of extraordinary floods and historic floods; 3) use of storm data in determining design storms and design floods. -M.A.Bass","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kirby, E., Shi-Qian, H., and Beard, L., 1987, Analysis of extraordinary flood events. U.S.-China bilateral symposium: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4.","numberOfPages":"383","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb12e4b0c8380cd48bd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, E.W.H.","contributorId":71704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"E.W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi-Qian, Hua","contributorId":87702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi-Qian","given":"Hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, L.R.","contributorId":31125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015282,"text":"70015282 - 1987 - Archean inheritance in zircon from late Paleozoic granites from the Avalon zone of southeastern New England: An African connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:22:17.230371","indexId":"70015282","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Archean inheritance in zircon from late Paleozoic granites from the Avalon zone of southeastern New England: An African connection","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p>In southeastern New England the Narragansett Pier Granite locally intrudes Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks of the Narragansett basin, and yields a monazite U<img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">Pb Permian emplacement age of 273 ± 2Ma. Zircon from the Narragansett Pier Granite contains a minor but detectable amount of an older, inherited component, and shows modern loss of lead. Zircon from the late-stage, aplitic Westerly Granite exhibits a more pronounced lead inheritance —permitting the inherited component to be identified as Late Archean. Such old relict zircon has not been previously recognized in Proterozoic to Paleozoic igneous rocks in New England, and may be restricted to late Paleozoic rocks of the Avalon zone. We suggest that the Archean crustal component reflects an African connection, in which old Archean crust was underplated to the Avalon zone microplate in the late Paleozoic during collision of Gondwanaland with Avalonia.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(87)90204-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., and Don, H.O., 1987, Archean inheritance in zircon from late Paleozoic granites from the Avalon zone of southeastern New England: An African connection: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 82, no. 3-4, p. 305-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90204-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed30e4b0c8380cd496a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Don, Hermes O.","contributorId":6594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Don","given":"Hermes","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014120,"text":"70014120 - 1987 - Pressure sensitivity of low permeability sandstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:48:01.033687","indexId":"70014120","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure sensitivity of low permeability sandstones","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed core analysis has been carried out on 32 tight sandstones with permeabilities ranging over four orders of magnitude (0.0002 to 4.8 mD at 5000 psi confining pressure). Relationships between gas permeability and net confining pressure were measured for cycles of loading and unloading. For some samples, permeabilities were measured both along and across bedding planes. Large variations in stress sensitivity of permeability were observed from one sample to another. The ratio of permeability at a nominal confining pressure of 500 psi to that at 5000 psi was used to define a stress sensitivity ratio. For a given sample, confining pressure vs permeability followed a linear log-log relationship, the slope of which provided an index of pressure sensitivity. This index, as obtained for first unloading data, was used in testing relationships between stress sensitivity and other measured rock properties. Pressure sensitivity tended to increase with increase in carbonate content and depth, and with decrease in porosity, permeability and sodium feldspar. However, scatter in these relationships increased as permeability decreased. Tests for correlations between pressure sensitivity and various linear combinations of variables are reported. Details of pore structure related to diagenetic changes appears to be of much greater significance to pressure sensitivity than mineral composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0920-4105(87)90015-5","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Kilmer, N., Morrow, N., and Pitman, J.K., 1987, Pressure sensitivity of low permeability sandstones: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 1, no. 1, p. 65-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(87)90015-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b5ce4b0c8380cd7e21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilmer, N.H.","contributorId":35475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilmer","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrow, N.R.","contributorId":98888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014658,"text":"70014658 - 1987 - Volcanic hazards from Bezymianny- and Bandai-type eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014658","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic hazards from Bezymianny- and Bandai-type eruptions","docAbstract":"Major slope failures are a significant degradational process at volcanoes. Slope failures and associated explosive eruptions have resulted in more than 20 000 fatalities in the past 400 years; the historic record provides evidence for at least six of these events in the past century. Several historic debris avalanches exceed 1 km3 in volume. Holocene avalanches an order of magnitude larger have traveled 50-100 km from the source volcano and affected areas of 500-1500 km2. Historic eruptions associated with major slope failures include those with a magmatic component (Bezymianny type) and those solely phreatic (Bandai type). The associated gravitational failures remove major segments of the volcanoes, creating massive horseshoe-shaped depressions commonly of caldera size. The paroxysmal phase of a Bezymianny-type eruption may include powerful lateral explosions and pumiceous pyroclastic flows; it is often followed by construction of lava dome or pyroclastic cone in the new crater. Bandai-type eruptions begin and end with the paroxysmal phase, during which slope failure removes a portion of the edifice. Massive volcanic landslides can also occur without related explosive eruptions, as at the Unzen volcano in 1792. The main potential hazards from these events derive from lateral blasts, the debris avalanche itself, and avalanche-induced tsunamis. Lateral blasts produced by sudden decompression of hydrothermal and/or magmatic systems can devastate areas in excess of 500km2 at velocities exceeding 100 m s-1. The ratio of area covered to distance traveled for the Mount St. Helens and Bezymianny lateral blasts exceeds that of many pyroclastic flows or surges of comparable volume. The potential for large-scale lateral blasts is likely related to the location of magma at the time of slope failure and appears highest when magma has intruded into the upper edifice, as at Mount St. Helens and Bezymianny. Debris avalanches can move faster than 100 ms-1 and travel tens of kilometers. When not confined by valley walls, avalanches can affect wide areas beyond the volcano's flanks. Tsunamis from debris avalanches at coastal volcanoes have caused more fatalities than have the landslides themselves or associated eruptions. The probable travel distance (L) of avalanches can be estimated by considering the potential vertical drop (H). Data from a catalog of around 200 debris avalanches indicates that the H/L rations for avalanches with volumes of 0.1-1 km3 average 0.13 and range 0.09-0.18; for avalanches exceeding 1 km3, H/L ratios average 0.09 and range 0.5-0.13. Large-scale deformation of the volcanic edefice and intense local seismicity precede many slope failures and can indicate the likely failure direction and orientation of potential lateral blasts. The nature and duration of precursory activity vary widely, and the timing of slope faliure greatly affects the type of associated eruption. Bandai-type eruptions are particularly difficult to anticipate because they typically climax suddenly without precursory eruptions and may be preceded by only short periods of seismicity. ?? 1987 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01046635","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Siebert, L., Glicken, H., and Ui, T., 1987, Volcanic hazards from Bezymianny- and Bandai-type eruptions: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 435-459, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046635.","startPage":"435","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480539,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://repo.kscnet.ru/1393/1/BF01046635.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046635"},{"id":225788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2f1e4b08c986b32ae80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siebert, Lee","contributorId":20475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siebert","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12865,"text":"Smithsonian Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":368931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glicken, H.","contributorId":9001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glicken","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ui, T.","contributorId":19298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ui","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014119,"text":"70014119 - 1987 - Analysis of broadband seismograms from selected IASPEI events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:19:31","indexId":"70014119","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of broadband seismograms from selected IASPEI events","docAbstract":"Broadband seismograms of body waves that are flat to displacement and velocity in the frequency range from 0.01 to 5.0 Hz can now be routinely obtained for most earthquakes of magnitude greater than about 5.5. These records are obtained either directly or through multichannel deconvolution of waveforms from digitally recording seismograph stations. In contrast to data from conventional narrowband seismographs, broadband records have sufficient frequency content to define the source-time functions of body waves, even for shallow events for which the source functions of direct and surface-reflected phases may overlap. Broadband seismograms for selected IASPEI events are systematically analysed to identify depth phases and the presence of subevents. The procedure results in improved estimates of focal depth, identification of subevents in complex earthquakes, and better resolution of focal mechanisms. We propose that it is now possible for reporting agencies, such as the National Earthquake Information Center, to use broadband digital waveforms routinely in the processing of earthquake data. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90069-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Engdahl, E., 1987, Analysis of broadband seismograms from selected IASPEI events: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 47, no. C, p. 80-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90069-0.","startPage":"80","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267328,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90069-0"},{"id":225359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0ce4b0c8380cd48b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014241,"text":"70014241 - 1987 - A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014241","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea","docAbstract":"The amplitude and phase of 11 tidal constituents for the English Channel and southern North Sea are calculated using a frequency domain, finite element model. The governing equations - the shallow water equations - are modifed such that sea level is calculated using an elliptic equation of the Helmholz type followed by a back-calculation of velocity using the primitive momentum equations. Triangular elements with linear basis functions are used. The modified form of the governing equations provides stable solutions with little numerical noise. In this field-scale test problem, the model was able to produce the details of the structure of 11 tidal constituents including O1, K1, M2, S2, N2, K2, M4, MS4, MN4, M6, and 2MS6.","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","language":"English","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1987, A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea, <i>in</i> Advances in Water Resources, v. 10, no. 3, p. 138-148.","startPage":"138","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47de4b0c8380cd4666e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014244,"text":"70014244 - 1987 - Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:28:55","indexId":"70014244","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere","docAbstract":"<p><span>This synthesis links many seismic and tectonic processes at subduction zones, including great subduction earthquakes, to the sinking of subducted plate. Earthquake data and tectonic modeling for subduction zones indicate that the slab pull force is much larger than the ridge push force. Interactions between the forces that drive and resist plate motions cause spatially and temporally localized stresses that lead to characteristic earthquake activity, providing details on how subduction occurs. Compression is localized across a locked interface thrust zone, because both the ridge push and the slab pull forces are resisted there. The slab pull force increases with increasing plate age; thus because the slab pull force tends to bend subducted plate downward and decrease the force acting normal to the interface thrust zone, the characteristic maximum earthquake at a given interface thrust zone is inversely related to the age of the subducted plate. The 1960 Chile earthquake (</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span> 9.5), the largest earthquake to occur in historic times, began its rupture at an interface bounding oceanic plate &lt;30 m.y. old. However, this rupture initiation was associated with the locally oldest subducting lithosphere (weakest coupling); the rupture propagated southward along an interface bounding progressively younger oceanic lithosphere, terminating near the subducting Chile Rise. Prior to a great subduction earthquake, the sinking subducted slab will cause increased tension at depths of 50–200 km, with greatest tension near the shallow zone resisting plate subduction. Plate sinking not only leads to compressional stresses at a locked interface thrust zone but may load compressional stresses at plate depths of 260–350 km, provided that the shallow sinking occurs faster than the relaxation time of the deeper mantle. This explains K. Mogi's observations of </span><i>M</i><span> ≥ 7 thrust earthquakes at depths of 260–350 km, immediately downdip and within 3 years prior to five great, shallow earthquakes of northern Japan. The slab pull model explains the lower layer of double seismic zones as due to tension from the deeper, sinking plate and the upper layer as due to localized in-plate compression, as plate motion is resisted by the bounding mantle. Just downdip of the interface thrust zone, there occurs an aseismic 20°–50° dip increase of subducted plate. This slab bend reflects the summed slab pull force of deeper plate and probably is at the crustal basalt to eclogite phase change. Resistance to subduction provided by a continually developing slab bend may be an important factor in the size of slab pull force delivered to an interface thrust zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/RG025i001p00055","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Spence, W., 1987, Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 25, no. 1, p. 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG025i001p00055.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b912de4b08c986b31979f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, William","contributorId":27454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014234,"text":"70014234 - 1987 - Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin program.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T12:47:33","indexId":"70014234","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin program.","docAbstract":"<p><span>In September 1984, the research submersible </span><i>Alvin</i><span> provided direct observations of three major hydrothermal vent areas along the southernmost segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR). The submersible operations focused on specific volcanologie, structural, and hydrothermal problems that had been identified during the preceding 4 years of photographic, dredging, acoustic imaging, and geophysical studies along a 12-km-long section of the ridge. A continuously maintained (from 1981 to the present) net of seafloor-anchored acoustic transponders allowed the observations from </span><i>Alvin</i><span> to be directly tied to all previous U.S. Geological Survey data sets and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration water column surveys from 1984 to the present. The three vent areas studied are the largest of at least six areas identified by previous deep-towed camera surveys that lie within a deep cleft, which marks the axis of symmetry of the JFR in this region. The cleft appears to be the locus of eruption for this segment of the JFR. The vent areas, at least in part, are localized near what appear to be previous volcanic eruptive centers marked by extensive lava lake collapse features adjacent to the cleft at these sites. Each hydrothermal area has several active discharge sites, and sulfide deposits occur as clusters (15–100 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of small chimneys, individual large chimneys, or clusters of large branched chimneys. We review the dive program and present a brief synthesis of the geology of the vent sites together with sample and track line compilations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB11p11283","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Morton, J.L., and Ross, S.L., 1987, Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin program.: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B11, p. 11283-11290, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB11p11283.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"11283","endPage":"11290","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d40e4b08c986b31d725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Janet L.","contributorId":37269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014117,"text":"70014117 - 1987 - Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:57:56","indexId":"70014117","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p id=\"SP0005\">The ability to identify a formation mechanism for natural gas in a particular environment requires consideration of several geochemical factors when there are multiple sources present. Four primary sources of methane have been identified in Mono Lake. Two of these sources were associated with numerous natural gas seeps which occur at various locations in the lake and extend beyond its present boundary; the two other gas sources result from current microbiological processes. In the natural gas seeps, we observed flow rates as high as 160 moles CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>, and estimate total lakewide annual seep flux to be 2.1 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>moles CH<sub>4</sub>. Geochemical parameters (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub>,<i>δDCH</i><sub>4</sub>,<i>CH</i><sub>4</sub>/[<i>C</i><sub>2</sub><i>H</i><sub>6</sub>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub>3</sub><i>H</i><sub>8</sub>])<span>&nbsp;</span><i>and</i><i>δ</i><sup>14</sup><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub>measurements revealed that most of the seeps originate from a paleo-biogenic (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>=<span>&nbsp;</span><i>about</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−70%.). natural gas deposit of Pleistocene age which underlies the current and former lakebed. Gas seeps in the vicinity of hot springs had, in combination with the biogenic gas, a prominent thermogenic gas component resulting from hydrothermal alteration of buried organic matter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90367-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Miller, L., and Whiticar, M.J., 1987, Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 11, p. 2915-2929, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90367-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2915","endPage":"2929","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.19891357421876,\n              37.91820111976663\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.89129638671875,\n              37.91820111976663\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.89129638671875,\n              38.10430528370985\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.19891357421876,\n              38.10430528370985\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.19891357421876,\n              37.91820111976663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9352e4b08c986b31a427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whiticar, Michael J.","contributorId":72124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiticar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}