No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bliss, N.B., 1991, GIS technology benefits global change research: GIS World, v. 4, no. 9, p. 55-58.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d446e4b0f2e20545e43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008046,"text":"1008046 - 1991 - Seed germination and life history syndromes in the California chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T16:55:44","indexId":"1008046","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1070,"text":"Botanical Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed germination and life history syndromes in the California chaparral","docAbstract":"Syndromes are life history responses that are correlated to environmental regimes and are shared by a group of species (Stebbins, 1974). In the California chaparral there are two syndromes contrasted by the timing of seedling recruitment relative to wildfires. One syndrome, here called the fire-recruiter or refractory seed syndrome, includes species (both resprouting and non-resprouting) which share the feature that the timing of seedling establishment is specialized to the first rainy season after fire. Included are woody, suffrutescent and annual life forms but no geophytes have this syndrome. These species are linked by the characteristic that their seeds have a dormancy which is readily broken by environmental stimuli such as intense heat shock or chemicals leached from charred wood. Such seeds are referred to as “refractory” and dormancy, in some cases, is due to seed coat impermeability (such seeds are commonly called hardseeded), but in other cases the mechanism is unknown. Seeds of some may require cold stratification and/or light in addition to fire related stimuli. In the absence of fire related cues, a portion or all of a species’ seed pool remains dormant. Most have locally dispersed seeds that persist in the soil seed bank until the site burns. Dispersal of propagules is largely during spring and summer which facilitates the avoidance of flowering and fruiting during the summer and fall drought. Within a life form (e.g., shrub, suffrutescent, etc.), the seeds of these species have less mass than those of species with non-refractory seeds and this possibly reflects the environmental favorableness of the postfire environment for seedling establishment. Regardless of when fire occurs, germination is normally delayed until late winter or early spring. In the absence of fire, or other disturbance, opportunities for population expansion are largely lacking for species with this syndrome.\n\nThe other syndrome, here called the fire-resister or non-refractory seed syndrome, includes species that are resilient to frequent fires (mostly by vegetative resprouting), but require fire-free periods for recruiting new seedlings. Included are shrubs, subshrubs, suffrutescents, lianas, geophytes and annuals. All are linked by the characteristic that their seeds germinate in the absence of cues related to wildfires. In many cases no form of seed dormancy is present and the seeds germinate soon after dispersal; consequently these species do not accumulate a persistent seed bank. Germination and seedling establishment is independent of fire and thus opportunities for population expansion are also independent of fire. The demographic pattern of seedling recruitment varies with the life form. For shrubs, seedling recruitment may be restricted to sites free of fire for periods of a hundred years or more. Recruitment appears to require relatively mesic conditions and this may account for the patchy distribution of these species within the matrix of relatively arid sites. Finding such sites has selected for propagules specialized for wind or animal dispersal; the majority are bird dispersed. These shrub species all disperse fruits in fall and winter and this may have been selected to take advantage of migratory birds as well as to time dispersal to the winter rains typical of the mediterranean-climate. Germination typically occurs within several weeks of the first fall or winter rains. Maturation of flowers and fruits during the summer and fall drought may account for the distribution of these species on more mesic sites. Seed mass of these species is large and this may have been selected to provide an advantage to seedlings establishing under the canopy of this dense shrub community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Botanical Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02858766","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1991, Seed germination and life history syndromes in the California chaparral: Botanical Review, v. 57, p. 81-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858766.","productDescription":"p. 81-116","startPage":"81","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269510,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02858766"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017128,"text":"1017128 - 1991 - Disease prevention and control in endangered avian species: Special considerations and needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T20:26:07.036286","indexId":"1017128","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Disease prevention and control in endangered avian species: Special considerations and needs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th New Zealand Ornithological Congress","conferenceDate":"December 2-9, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Christchurch, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., and Thomas, N., 1991, Disease prevention and control in endangered avian species: Special considerations and needs, in Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, v. IV, Christchurch, New Zealand, December 2-9, 1990, p. 2331-2337.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2331","endPage":"2337","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.internationalornithology.org/iocongress-proceedings"}],"volume":"IV","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a4c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bell, Ben D.","contributorId":81033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cossee, R.O.","contributorId":190833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cossee","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flux, J.E.C.","contributorId":190834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flux","given":"J.E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heather, B.D.","contributorId":190835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heather","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitchmough, R.A.","contributorId":190836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hitchmough","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, C.J.R.","contributorId":190837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, M.J.","contributorId":57939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017361,"text":"1017361 - 1991 - Obituary [Fritz W. Went]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017361","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obituary [Fritz W. Went]","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Madroño","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1991, Obituary [Fritz W. Went]: Madroño, v. 38, p. 147-147.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"147","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017362,"text":"1017362 - 1991 - Winter storm watch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017362","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3381,"text":"Sequoia Bark","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter storm watch","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sequoia Bark","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N., 1991, Winter storm watch: Sequoia Bark, v. 18, no. 1.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b3e4b07f02db531e44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000088,"text":"7000088 - 1991 - Suggestions to authors of the reports of the United States Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-23T08:45:53","indexId":"7000088","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Suggestions to authors of the reports of the United States Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Suggestions to Authors (STA) is used as the writing style guide for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) technical reports and maps. The STA is widely distributed in paper outside of the USGS as a basic scientific writing style guide for scientists, students, and editors. The goal of STA is to help writers present information as clearly as possible explaining punctuation rules, suggesting phrasing, and offering examples of citations styles and outlining report organization, table and graph design, and details of map design.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000088","usgsCitation":"1991, Suggestions to authors of the reports of the United States Geological Survey (7th, 1991 (First Edition, 1909; Second Edition, 1913; Third Edition, 1916; Fourth Edition, 1935; Fifth Edition, 1958; Sixth Edition, 1978; Seventh Edition, 1991)), xxii, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000088.","productDescription":"xxii, 289 p.","numberOfPages":"311","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19869,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000088","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261233,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/msb/7000088/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Suggestions to Authors of the Reports of the United States Geological Survey"},{"id":261234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/7000088/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"7th, 1991 (First Edition, 1909; Second Edition, 1913; Third Edition, 1916; Fourth Edition, 1935; Fifth Edition, 1958; Sixth Edition, 1978; Seventh Edition, 1991)","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Volcanic rocks from the eastern Eurasian plate margin (southwestern Japan, the Sea of Japan, and northeastern China) show enriched (EMI) component signatures. Volcanic rocks from the Ulreung and Dog Islands in the Sea of Japan show typical DUPAL anomaly characteristics with extremely high Δ208/204 Pb (up to 143) and enriched Nd and Sr isotopic compositions (ϵNd = −3 to -5,
To increase understanding of natural variations in soil gas concentrations, CO2, He, O2 and N2 were measured in soil gases collected regularly for several months from four sites at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Utah. Soil temperature, air temperature, per cent relative humidity, barometric pressure and amounts of rain and snowfall were also monitored to determine the effect of meteorological parameters on concentrations of the measured gases. Considerable seasonal variation existed in concentrations of CO2 and He. The parameters that most affected the soil-gas concentrations were soil and air temperatures. Moisture from rain and snow probably affected the soil-gas concentrations also. However, annual variations in meteorological parameters did not appear to affect measurements of anomalous concentrations in samples collected within a time period of a few days. Production from some of the geothermal wells probably affected the soil-gas concentrations.
A brief history of programs to develop geochemical reference samples and certified reference samples for use in geochemical analysis is presented. While progress has been made since G-1 and W-1 were issued, many challenges remain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0584-8547(91)80166-Z","issn":"05848547","usgsCitation":"Kane, J.S., 1991, Review of geochemical reference sample programs since G-1 and W-1: Progress to date and remaining challenges: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 46, no. 12, p. 1623-1638, https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(91)80166-Z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1638","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac69e4b0c8380cd86d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, J. S.","contributorId":106507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"J.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016745,"text":"70016745 - 1991 - Isotopic discontinuities in ground water beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016745","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Isotopic discontinuities in ground water beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analytical data for stable isotopes in ground water from beneath Yucca Mountain, when examined in map view, show areal patterns of heterogeneity that can be interpreted in terms of mixing of at least three end members. One end member must be isotopically heavy in terms of hydrogen and oxygen and have a young apparent 14C age such as water found at the north end of Yucca Mountain beneath Fortymile Wash. A second end member must contain isotopically heavy carbon and have an old apparent 14C age such as water from the Paleozoic aquifer. The third end member cannot be tightly defined. It must be isotopically lighter than the first with respect of hydrogen and oxygen and be intermediate to the first and second end members with respect to both apparent 14C age and ?? 13C. The variable isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen indicate that two of the end members are waters, but the variable carbon isotopic composition could represent either a third water end member or reaction of water with a carbon-bearing solids such as calcite.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., Whelan, J.F., and Steinkampf, W., 1991, Isotopic discontinuities in ground water beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 1410-1415.","startPage":"1410","endPage":"1415","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa9e4b0c8380cd646e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536346,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinkampf, W.C.","contributorId":8137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinkampf","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016810,"text":"70016810 - 1991 - Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T09:08:51","indexId":"70016810","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system, characterized by Cenozoic bimodal alkalic volcanic rocks, extends over a largely ice-covered area, from the Ross Sea nearly to the Bellingshausen Sea. Various lines of evidence lead to the following interpretation: the transantarctic Mountains part of the rift shoulder (and probably the entire shoulder) has been rising since about 60 Ma, at episodic rates of ~1 km/m.y., most recently since mid-Pliocene Time, rather than continuously at the mean rate of 100 m/m.y. Uplift rates vary along the scarp, which is cut by transverse faults. It is speculated that this uplift may have climatically forced the advance of the Antarctic ice sheet since the most recent warm period. A possible synergistic relation is suggested between episodic tectonism, mountain uplift, and volcanism in the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and waxing and waning of the Antarctic ice sheet beginning about earliest Oligocene time.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0315:EORCUO>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Cooper, A., 1991, Evidence of rapid Cenozoic uplift of the shoulder escarpment of the Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system and a speculation on possible climate forcing: Geology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 315-319, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0315:EORCUO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.390625,\n -80.47406532116933\n ],\n [\n 29.53125,\n -80.47406532116933\n ],\n [\n 29.53125,\n -68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -110.390625,\n -68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -110.390625,\n -80.47406532116933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d68e4b0c8380cd52fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.","contributorId":47517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016782,"text":"70016782 - 1991 - Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016782","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy","docAbstract":"Field studies in epidemiology and environmental geochemistry in areas in Yugoslavia containing villages with a high incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), indicate a possible relationship between the presence of low-rank coal deposits and the etiology of BEN. Preliminary results from qualitative chemical analyses of drinking water from shallow farm wells indicate the presence of soluble polar aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds may be derived from weathering of low-rank coals occurring in the vicinity of the endemic villages. All of the endemic villages are in alluvial valleys of tributaries to the Danube River. All except one of the clusters of endemic villages are located in the vicinity of known Pliocene age coals. Detailed sampling of the drinking waters and the nearby coals are being undertaken to identify a possible etiologic factor.","largerWorkTitle":"Kidney International","language":"English","issn":"00852538","usgsCitation":"Feder, G.L., Radovanovic, Z., and Finkelman, R.B., 1991, Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy, in Kidney International, v. 40, no. SUPPL. 34.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"SUPPL. 34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a766e4b0e8fec6cdc441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radovanovic, Z.","contributorId":20913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radovanovic","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016805,"text":"70016805 - 1991 - Prospecting for zones of contaminated ground-water discharge to streams using bottom-sediment gas bubbles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:31:51.339925","indexId":"70016805","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prospecting for zones of contaminated ground-water discharge to streams using bottom-sediment gas bubbles","docAbstract":"Decomposition of organic-rich bottom sediment in a tidal creek in Maryland results in production of gas bubbles in the bottom sediment during summer and fall. In areas where volatile organic contaminants discharge from ground water, through the bottom sediment, and into the creek, part of the volatile contamination diffuses into the gas bubbles and is released to the atmosphere by ebullition. Collection and analysis of gas bubbles for their volatile organic contaminant content indicate that relative concentrations of the volatile organic contaminants in the gas bubbles are substantially higher in areas where the same contaminants occur in the ground water that discharges to the streams. Analyses of the bubbles located an area of previously unknown ground-water contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00523.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Lorah, M.M., 1991, Prospecting for zones of contaminated ground-water discharge to streams using bottom-sediment gas bubbles: Groundwater, v. 29, no. 3, p. 333-340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00523.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f52e4b0c8380cd7f6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016702,"text":"70016702 - 1991 - Fractal patterns of fractures in granites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T01:16:28.18703","indexId":"70016702","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractal patterns of fractures in granites","docAbstract":"Fractal measurements using the Cantor's dust method in a linear one-dimensional analysis mode were made on the fracture patterns revealed on two-dimensional, planar surfaces in four granites. This method allows one to conclude that:
(1)|The fracture systems seen on two-dimensional surfaces in granites are consistent with the part of fractal theory that predicts a repetition of patterns on different scales of observation, self similarity. Fractal analysis gives essentially the same values of D on the scale of kilometres, metres and centimetres (five orders of magnitude) using mapped, surface fracture patterns in a Sierra Nevada granite batholith (Mt. Abbot quadrangle, Calif.).
(2)|Fractures show the same fractal values at different depths in a given batholith. Mapped fractures (main stage ore veins) at three mining levels (over a 700 m depth interval) of the Boulder batholith, Butte, Mont. show the same fractal values although the fracture disposition appears to be different at different levels.
(3)|Different sets of fracture planes in a granite batholith, Central France, and in experimental deformation can have different fractal values. In these examples shear and tension modes have the same fractal values while compressional fractures follow a different fractal mode of failure. The composite fracture patterns are also fractal but with a different, median, fractal value compared to the individual values for the fracture plane sets. These observations indicate that the fractal method can possibly be used to distinguish fractures of different origins in a complex system.
It is concluded that granites fracture in a fractal manner which can be followed at many scales. It appears that fracture planes of different origins can be characterized using linear fractal analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(91)90234-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Velde, B., Dubois, J., Moore, D., and Touchard, G., 1991, Fractal patterns of fractures in granites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 104, no. 1, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90234-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a4e4b0c8380cd54708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velde, B.","contributorId":41600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velde","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubois, J.","contributorId":39529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubois","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D.","contributorId":105307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Touchard, G.","contributorId":85046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchard","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016711,"text":"70016711 - 1991 - Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:52:31","indexId":"70016711","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin were examined in order to study and quantify soil development during the Quaternary. Soils of all four areas are developed in gravelly alluvial fans in semiarid climates with 8 to 40 cm mean annual precipitation. Lithologies of alluvium are granite-gneiss at Silver Lake, granite and basalt at Cima Volcanic Field, limestone at Kyle Canyon, and siliceous volcanic rocks at Fortymile Wash. Ages of the soils are approximated from several radiometric and experimental techniques, and rates are assessed using a conservative mathematical approach. Average rates for Holocene soils at Silver Lake are about 10 times higher than for Pleistocene soils at Kyle Canyon and Fortymile Wash, based on limited age control. Holocene soils in all four areas appear to develop at similar rates, and Pleistocene soils at Kyle Canyon and Fortymile Wash may differ by only a factor of 2 to 4. Over time spans of several millennia, a preferred model for the age curves is not linear but may be exponential or parabolic, in which rates decrease with increasing age. These preliminary results imply that the geographical variation in rates within the southern Great Basin-Mojave region may be much less significant than temporal variation in rates of soil development. The reasons for temporal variation in rates and processes of soil development are complexly linked to climatic change and related changes in water and dust, erosional history, and internally driven chemical and physical processes. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Taylor, E.M., Hill, C., Mark, R.K., McFadden, L.D., Reheis, M., Sowers, J., and Wells, S.G., 1991, Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin: Quaternary Research, v. 35, no. 3 PART 1, p. 383-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7.","startPage":"383","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266500,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90052-7"},{"id":224798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3 PART 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9546e4b0c8380cd818f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, E. M.","contributorId":55842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, C.","contributorId":88801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McFadden, L. D.","contributorId":15765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wells, S. G.","contributorId":81257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70016795,"text":"70016795 - 1991 - A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016795","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to meet the nation's water-quality concerns. The program will focus on water-quality conditions that are prevalent or large in scale, such as occur from nonpoint sources of pollution or from a high density of point sources. The design of the program is substantially different from the traditional approach of a diffuse national monitoring network. The major activities of the assessment program will be clustered within a set of hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems), referred to as study units. In aggregate, the study units will account for a large part of the nation's water use and represent a wide range of settings across the country. Unique attributes of the program include: (1) the use of consistent study approaches, field and laboratory methods, water-quality measurements, and ancillary data measurements for all study units; (2) the development of a progressive understanding of water-quality conditions and trends in each study unit through long-term studies that rotate periods of intensive data collection and analysis with periods during which the assessment activities are less intensive; and (3) the focus of considerable effort on synthesizing results from among the study units to provide information on regional and national water-quality issues. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716071","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Cohen, P., 1991, A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071"},{"id":224509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ae4b0c8380cd46d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, P.","contributorId":55969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046115,"text":"70046115 - 1991 - Climate Divisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T09:26:43","indexId":"70046115","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Climate Divisions","docAbstract":"This is a coverage of climate divisions from the National Climatic Data Center.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046115","usgsCitation":"National Climatic Data Center, 1991, Climate Divisions, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046115.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272844,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/climate_div.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.82331176,23.25677934 ], [ -127.82331176,48.18683511 ], [ -65.3860479,48.18683511 ], [ -65.3860479,23.25677934 ], [ -127.82331176,23.25677934 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e5e4b0605bc571ef94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Climatic Data Center","contributorId":127876,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Climatic Data Center","id":535518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008043,"text":"1008043 - 1991 - Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1008043","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Hothem, R.L., 1991, Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction: California Fish and Game, v. 77, p. 61-69.","productDescription":"p. 61-69","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016644,"text":"70016644 - 1991 - History of earthquakes and vertical ground movement in Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy: comparison of precursory events to the A.D. 1538 eruption of Monte Nuovo and of activity since 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016644","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of earthquakes and vertical ground movement in Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy: comparison of precursory events to the A.D. 1538 eruption of Monte Nuovo and of activity since 1968","docAbstract":"The record of felt earthquakes around Naples Bay in southern Italy is probably complete since the mid-15th century. According to this record, intense earthquake swarms originating beneath Campi Flegrei, an explosive caldera located along the north coast of Naples Bay, have occurred only twice: (1) before the only historical eruption in Campi Flegrei in 1538; and (2) from mid-1983 to December 1984. Earthquake activity during the earlier period, which began at least a few years, and possibly as many as 30 years, before the 1538 eruption, damaged many buildings in the city of Pozzuoli, located near the center of Campi Flegrei. Minor seismic activity, which consisted of only a few felt earthquakes, occurred from 1970 to 1971. The second period of intense earthquake swarms lasted from mid-1983 to 1984, again damaging many buildings in Pozzuoli. Two periods of uplift along the shoreline within Campi Flegrei have also been noted since the mid-15th century: (1) during the few decades before the 1538 eruption; and (2) as two distinct episodes since 1968. Uplift of a few meters probably occurred a few decades before the 1538 eruption; uplift of as much as 3.0 m has occurred in Pozzuoli since 1968. These similarities strongly suggest that, for the first time in 440 years, the same process that caused intense local earthquake swarms and uplift in the early 1500's and led to an eruption in 1538, has again occurred beneath Campi Flegrei. Though no major seismicity or uplift has occurred since December 1984, because of the large amount of extensional strain accumulated during the past two decades, if a third episode of seismicity and rapid uplift occurs, it may lead to an eruption within several months after the resumption of activity. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., and Gasparini, P., 1991, History of earthquakes and vertical ground movement in Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy: comparison of precursory events to the A.D. 1538 eruption of Monte Nuovo and of activity since 1968: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 77-92.","startPage":"77","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31bae4b0c8380cd5e19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gasparini, P.","contributorId":35881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016709,"text":"70016709 - 1991 - Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016709","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989","docAbstract":"An aerial videotape mapping system was used to monitor spatial and temporal variability of the coastal morphology along the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline. Between 1984 and 1989, nine sequential annual and post-hurricane aerial videotape surveys were flown covering periods of prolonged fair weather, hurricane impacts, and subsequent post-storm recovery. Morphologic time series were developed to depict spatial and temporal geomorphic changes along the Isles Dernieres low-profile transgressive barrier island system. The net effect of Hurricanes Danny and Juan, in 1985, was the transformation of a high relief landscape dominated by well-vegetated dunes, dune terraces, and washover terraces to one dominated by partially-vegetated washover terraces and unvegetated washover flats. In 1988, Hurricane Gilbert caused extensive geomorphic changes in the central Isles Dernieres where the low-relief, less-vegetated islands were more susceptible to storm-surge processes. Post-storm island morphodynamics were characterized by a gradual build up of the low-relief landforms to high-profile features. The greatest post-storm recovery consistently occurred in areas of greater island width and relief. In addition, the rate of post-storm recovery was controlled by the regional setting of individual islands relative to sand supply. The degree of post-storm recovery was consistently greater in areas where hurricane impact had caused greatest geomorphic change.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '91","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628086","usgsCitation":"Debusschere, K., Penland, S., Westphal, K.A., McBride, R.A., and Reimer, P.D., 1991, Morphodynamics of the Isles Dernieres barrier shoreline, Louisiana. 1984-1989, in Coastal Sediments '91, Seattle, WA, USA, 25 June 1991 through 27 June 1991, p. 1137-1151.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1151","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e33e4b0c8380cd7087a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Debusschere, Karolien","contributorId":73344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debusschere","given":"Karolien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":374271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westphal, Karen A.","contributorId":92435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":6466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimer, P. Douglas","contributorId":53533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016781,"text":"70016781 - 1991 - Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016781","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar","docAbstract":"High-resolution side-scan sonar has proven to be a very effective tool for stuyding and understanding the surficial geology of the seafloor. Since the mid-1970s, the US Geological Survey has used high-resolution side-scan sonar systems for mapping various areas of the continental shelf. However, two problems typically encountered included the short range and the high sampling rate of high-resolution side-scan sonar systems and the acquisition and real-time processing of the enormous volume of sonar data generated by high-resolution suystems. These problems were addressed and overcome in August 1989 when the USGS conducted a side-scan sonar and bottom sampling survey of a 1000-sq-km section of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Farallones located offshore of San Francisco. The primary goal of this survey was to map an area of critical interest for studying continental shelf sediment dynamics. This survey provided an opportunity to test an image processing scheme that enabled production of a side-scan sonar hard-copy mosaic during the cruise in near real-time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Danforth, W.W., O’Brien, T.F., and Schwab, W.C., 1991, Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar: Sea Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 54-59.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63fee4b0c8380cd727ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Thomas F. 0000-0003-0906-8450 tobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-8450","contributorId":4151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Thomas","email":"tobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016703,"text":"70016703 - 1991 - Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:39:06.341802","indexId":"70016703","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels","docAbstract":"This paper describes the recovery of stable bank form and development of vegetated depositional surfaces along the banks of channelized West Tennessee streams. Most perennial streams in West Tennessee were straightened and dredged since the turn of the century. Patterns of fluvial ecological responses to channelization have previously been described by a six-stage model. Dendrogeomorphic (tree-ring) techniques allowed the determination of location, timing, amount, and rate of bank-sediment deposition. Channel cross sections and ecological analyses made at 101 locations along 12 streams, encompassing bends and straight reaches, show that channel and bank processes initially react vertically to channelization through downcutting. A depositional surface forms on banks once bed-degradation and heightened bank mass wasting processes have eased or slowed. The formation of this depositional surface marks the beginning of bank recovery from channelization. Dominating lateral processes, characteristic of stable or natural channels, return during the formation and expansion of the depositional surface, suggesting a relation with thalweg deflection, point-bar development, and meanderloop extension. Characteristic woody riparian vegetation begins to grow as this depositional surface develops and becomes part of the process and form of restabilizing banks. The depositional surface initially forms low on the bank and tends to maintain a slope of about 24°. Mean accretion rates ranges from 5.9 cm/yr on inside bends to 0 cm/yr on most outside bends; straight reaches have a mean-accretion rate of 4.2 cm/yr. The relatively stable, convex upward, depositional surface expands and ultimately attaches to the flood plain. The time required for the recovery process to reach equilibrium averaged about 50 years. Indicative pioneer speccies of woody riparian vegetation include black willow, river birch, silver maple, and boxelder. Stem densities generally decrease with time after and initial flush of about 160 stems per 100 m2. Together bank accretion and vegetative regrowth appear to be the most important environmental processes involved in channel bank recovery from channelization or rejuvenation.
Mitochondrial-DNA restriction-site maps were constructed for several cervid taxa in the subfamilies Cervinae and Odocoileinae. Parsimony analyses of restriction sites and pair-wise analyses of genetic distances resulted in dendrograms congruent with the subfamily designations. Relationships within the Odocoileinae determined from genetic distances generally were concordant with those for nuclear-encoded allozymes and morphology. However, mitochondrial-DNA relationships were incongruent with some generic designations and intraspecific divergence in Odocoileus hemionus was greater than that between some genera. Because mitochondrial DNA exhibits considerable intraspecific variation and is inherited as a single locus, relationships based on mitochondrial DNA may not be concordant with true species phylogenies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382139","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1991, Mitochondrial-DNA phylogeny of deer (Cervidae): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 72, p. 553-556, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382139.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016784,"text":"70016784 - 1991 - Production of carbon molecular sieves from illinois coals. An assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016784","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Production of carbon molecular sieves from illinois coals. An assessment","docAbstract":"Chars were produced from an Illinois No. 2 bituminous coal under various pyrolysis and activation conditions and tested for their molecular sieve properties. The amount of N2 compared to the amount of CO2 adsorbed by each char was used as a preliminary indicator of its molecular sieve properties. This relatively simple, but apparently useful test was confirmed by successfully characterizing the well-known molecular sieve properties of a commercial zeolite and molecular sieve carbon. In addition, coal chars having relatively high surface areas (800-1800 m2/g) were produced and tested for their molecular sieving capabilities. These carbon materials, which have high adsorption capacities and relatively narrow pore size distributions, should be ideal candidates for the commercial production of CMS.","largerWorkTitle":"Extended Abstracts and Program - Biennial Conference on Carbon","conferenceTitle":"20th Biennial Conference on Carbon","conferenceDate":"23 June 1991 through 28 June 1991","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Electrochemical Soc Inc","publisherLocation":"Manchester, NH, United States","issn":"01607464","usgsCitation":"Lizzio, A.A., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 1991, Production of carbon molecular sieves from illinois coals. An assessment, in Extended Abstracts and Program - Biennial Conference on Carbon, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 23 June 1991 through 28 June 1991, p. 106-107.","startPage":"106","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8de1e4b0c8380cd7eeb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizzio, Anthony A.","contributorId":103804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizzio","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, Massoud","contributorId":39947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"Massoud","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}