The physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Lake Powell and Mantua Reservoir, Utah, were evaluated, and an estimate of the time needed for recovery from hooking stress was obtained. Fatigue in Lake Powell fish, as indicated by elevated blood lactate, was directly proportional to hooking time (1–5 min) and water temperature, but recovery from the hyperlacticemia was relatively rapid (about 24 h). Hyperglycemia, an indicator of stress hormone production, did not occur in largemouth bass hooked and played for 1–5 min in the coldest water (11–13°C), was moderate in fish hooked and played at l6–20°C, and was severe in fish played for 5 min at 28–30°C. Fish held for recovery in live cages suffered further hyperglycemia, presumably because of the stress of confinement. Ionoregulation, as indicated by relatively stable plasma chloride values, was not immediately affected in largemouth bass caught at water temperatures of 11–13°C or 28–30°C, but an unusual hyperchloremia developed in fish hooked and played at 16–20°C. During recovery, the expected progressive hypochloremia developed. Plasma osmolality was somewhat affected by hooking at all water temperatures tested, but recovery was almost complete within about 8 h. Mantua Reservoir fish were hooked and played only at water temperatures of 23–26°C. The hyperlacticemia and hyperglycemia that occurred were generally more severe than in the Lake Powell fish hooked and played at either 16–20°C or 28–30°C. However, effects on plasma chloride and osmolality were similar to those occurring in Lake Powell fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0629:PROLBT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gustaveson, A.W., Wydoski, R.S., and Wedemeyer, G.A., 1991, Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 5, p. 629-636, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0629:PROLBT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945336e4b0fa1e59b8680f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustaveson, A. Wayne","contributorId":179022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustaveson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Richard S.","contributorId":81856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180736,"text":"70180736 - 1991 - Heterosis and outbreeding depression: A multi-locus model and an application to salmon production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T13:58:27","indexId":"70180736","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterosis and outbreeding depression: A multi-locus model and an application to salmon production","docAbstract":"Both artificial propagation and efforts to preserve or augment natural populations sometimes involve, wittingly or unwittingly, the mixing of different gene pools. The advantages of such mixing vis-à-vis the alleviation of inbreeding depression are well known. Acknowledged, but less well understood, are the complications posed by outbreeding depression. This paper derives a simple model of outbreeding depression and demonstrates that it is reasonably possible to predict the generation-to-generation fitness course of hybrids derived from parents from different origins. Genetic difference, or distance between parental types, is defined by the drop in fitness experienced by one type reared at the site to which the other is locally adapted. For situations where decisions involving stock mixing must be made in the absence of complete information, a sensitivity analysis-based conflict resolution method (the Good-Bad-Ugly model) is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(91)90095-W","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J.M., 1991, Heterosis and outbreeding depression: A multi-locus model and an application to salmon production: Fisheries Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 187-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(91)90095-W.","productDescription":"31 p. ","startPage":"187","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a03784e4b099f50d3e050e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180731,"text":"70180731 - 1991 - A sigmoid model to predict gastric evacuation rates of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui fed juvenile salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T13:02:33","indexId":"70180731","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sigmoid model to predict gastric evacuation rates of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui fed juvenile salmon","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of water temperature, predator size, prey size, and prey number on gastric evacuation of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) fed juvenile salmon. The smallmouth bass were allowed to feed voluntarily after 24–48 h of starvation and stomachs were pumped at intervals of 1–4 h until 90% of the stomach contents were evacuated (E90). Evacuation approximated an S-shaped curve over time, and a sigmoid model was developed to predict evacuation at varying water temperatures, total meal weights, predator sizes, and prey number. The rate of evacuation increased with increasing water temperature, meal weight, or predator size. The E90 increased with larger meal weights but decreased with increasing temperature or predator size. E90 ranged between 4 and 95 h, depending upon conditions. E90 was slower than those estimated previously for another predator of salmon, the stomachless northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis).
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-109","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J.B., and Burley, C.C., 1991, A sigmoid model to predict gastric evacuation rates of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui fed juvenile salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, no. 5, p. 933-937, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-109.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"933","endPage":"937","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a03784e4b099f50d3e0512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, Jean Beyer","contributorId":179018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Beyer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burley, Craig C.","contributorId":179019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burley","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180494,"text":"70180494 - 1991 - Extent, causes and timing of moose calves mortality in western interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T14:52:27.878223","indexId":"70180494","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extent, causes and timing of moose calves mortality in western interior Alaska","docAbstract":"We examined the causes and timing of moose (Alces alces) calf mortality during 1988 90 in 2 locations in western interior Alaska. Annual survival rates of all calves in 1988 (0.34, n = 42) and 1989 (0.29, n=47) on the Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and in 1990 (0.25, n = 62) on the Koyukuk NWR were not significantly different. Survival rates of male and female calves were not significantly different during any year. Annual survival of single calves was significantly higher than that for twins in 1989 (0.56 vs. 0.20) and 1990 (0.37 vs. 0.21), but not in 1988. Black bears (Ursus americanus) killed 40% of all calves. Wolves (Canis lupus) killed 9% of the calves, unknown predators killed 8%, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) killed 3%, and 5% died from other causes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Osbourne, T.O., Paragi, T.F., Bodkin, J.L., Loranger, A.J., and Johnson, W.N., 1991, Extent, causes and timing of moose calves mortality in western interior Alaska: Alces, v. 27, p. 24-30.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/issue/view/61","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905f07e4b072a7ac0cadc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osbourne, Timothy O.","contributorId":178952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osbourne","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paragi, Thomas F.","contributorId":178953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paragi","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loranger, Andre J.","contributorId":178954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loranger","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, W. N.","contributorId":178955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008525,"text":"1008525 - 1991 - Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008525","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Florida Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ludlow, M., and Walsh, S., 1991, Occurrence of a South American Armored Catfish in the Hillsborough River, Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 54, no. 1, p. 48-50.","productDescription":"p. 48-50","startPage":"48","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008522,"text":"1008522 - 1991 - Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:40:35","indexId":"1008522","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","docAbstract":"We simulated mark–recapture experiments to evaluate a method for estimating fishing mortality and migration rates of populations stratified at release and recovery. When fish released in two or more strata were recovered from different recapture strata in nearly the same proportions, conditional recapture probabilities were estimated outside the [0, 1] interval. The maximum likelihood estimates tended to be biased and imprecise when the patterns of recaptures produced extremely \"flat\" likelihood surfaces. Absence of bias was not guaranteed, however, in experiments where recapture rates could be estimated within the [0, 1] interval. Inadequate numbers of tag releases and recoveries also produced biased estimates, although the bias was easily detected by the high sampling variability of the estimates. A stratified tag–recapture experiment with sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was used to demonstrate procedures for analyzing data that produce biased estimates of recapture probabilities. An estimator was derived to examine the sensitivity of recapture rate estimates to assumed differences in natural and tagging mortality, tag loss, and incomplete reporting of tag recoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-035","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Rago, P., 1991, Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008028,"text":"1008028 - 1991 - Male sex steroids and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T10:04:39","indexId":"1008028","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Male sex steroids and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta","docAbstract":"Various methods were investigated for assessing the relationship between wind-hardened snow (upsik) and forage availability to reindeer. Mean bottom area of individual craters was not a function of depth, hardness or integrated hardness. Individual crater area was partially dependent on specific cratering time (r2 = .60). Cratering time per active period increased with integrated snow hardness (r2 = .88). Number of craters and total area cratered increased with decreasing site hardness. Reindeer always cratered microsites of lesser depth and hardness than found in the general feeding site. A threefold decrease in snow hardness resulted in a fourfold increase in forage availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1541","usgsCitation":"Collins, W.B., and Smith, T.S., 1991, Effects of wind-hardened snow on foraging by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): Arctic, v. 44, no. 3, p. 217-222, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1541.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1541","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60faa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, W. B.","contributorId":59751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. S.","contributorId":47326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008069,"text":"1008069 - 1991 - Assessment of the sensitivity of Missouri reservoirs to acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T11:14:24.903269","indexId":"1008069","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the sensitivity of Missouri reservoirs to acidification","docAbstract":"We used water quality information from 103 Missouri reservoirs to assess their sensitivity to acidification from acidic atmospheric deposition. Total alkalinity less than 20 mg/L or a Calcite Saturation Index (CSI) of 1.0 or greater were the criteria to classify reservoirs as sensitive to acidification. Most of the reservoirs (83 of 103) would be considered circumneutral, hard water systems with high acid neutralizing capacity. Thirteen reservoirs were sensitive to acidification based on alkalinity or CSI. Four reservoirs with both low alkalinity and high CSI are located in southeast Missouri in areas of igneous rock outcroppings or chert deposits in limestone formations. These reservoirs are small (<40 ha) and have limited watersheds (<600 ha) and site-specific edaphic factors that likely determined their water chemistry. Site-specific factors also influenced water chemistry of acid-sensitive reservoirs that were located in regions expected to yield highly buffered water. No reservoir classified as acid-sensitive presently seems affected by acidification.
At monthly intervals from February 1980 through December 1986, a 14.5-km section of central California coastline was systematically surveyed for beach-cast carcasses of marine birds and mammals. Five hundred and fifty-four bird carcasses and 194 marine mammal carcasses were found. Common murres, western grebes, and Brandt's cormorants composed 45% of the bird total. California sea lions, sea otters, and harbor seals composed 90% of the mammal total. Several factors appeared to affect patterns of carcass deposition. The El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) of 1982–1983 was the dominant influence in terms of interannual variation in carcass deposition. During this ENSO, 56% of the seabirds and 48% of the marine mammals washed ashore. Patterns of intra-annual variation were species specific and were related to animal migration patterns, reproduction, and seasonal changes in weather. Nearshore currents and winds influenced the general area of carcass deposition, while beach substrate type and local patterns of sand deposition influenced the location of carcass deposition on a smaller spatial scale. Weekly surveys along a 1.1-km section of coastline indicated that 62% of bird carcasses and 41% of mammal carcasses remained on the beach less than 9 days. Cause of death was determined for only 8% of the carcasses. Oiling was the most common indication of cause of death in birds (6%). Neonates composed 8% of all mammal carcasses.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z91-163","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Jameson, R.J., 1991, Patterns of seabird and marine mammal carcass deposition along the central California coast, 1980-1986: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 1149-1155, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-163.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1155","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014975,"text":"70014975 - 1991 - Jellyfish Lake, Palau: early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments of an anoxic marine lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T13:37:53","indexId":"70014975","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jellyfish Lake, Palau: early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments of an anoxic marine lake","docAbstract":"The major postdepositional change in the sedimentary organic matter is carbohydrate biodegradation. Lignin and aliphatic substances are preserved in the sediments. Dissolved organic matter in pore waters is primarily composed of carbohydrates, reflecting the degradation of sedimentary carbohydrates. Rate constants for organic carbon degradation and sulfate reduction in sediments of the lake are about 10?? lower than in other anoxic sediments. This may reflect the vascular plant source and partly degraded nature of the organic matter reaching the sediments of the lake. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., Burnett, W.C., Landing, W., Lyons, W., and Showers, W., 1991, Jellyfish Lake, Palau: early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments of an anoxic marine lake: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 3, p. 526-543.","startPage":"526","endPage":"543","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267940,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_36/issue_3/0526.pdf"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3feee4b0c8380cd64934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landing, W.M.","contributorId":99303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landing","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Showers, W.","contributorId":55156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showers","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014976,"text":"70014976 - 1991 - Large-scale distribution of metal contamination in the fine-grained sediments of the Clark Fork River, Montana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T12:16:58.288062","indexId":"70014976","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale distribution of metal contamination in the fine-grained sediments of the Clark Fork River, Montana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Historic discharges from the mining and smelting complex at the head-waters of the Clark Fork River have resulted in elevated Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the <60 μm fraction of both bed and flood-plain sediments of the river. Processes affecting the trends in longitudinal distributions of these metals were investigated by repeated sampling over a 380 km river reach between August 1986 and July 1989. At the most upstream site, bed-sediment metal concentrations were enriched 18–115 times above least enriched tributaries, depending on the metal. All metals decreased exponentially with distance downstream away from mining. The exponential model predicts that elevated metal concentrations should occur over 550 km downstream, in Lake Pend Oreille. Longitudinal trends, obvious on a scale of hundreds of kilometers, were obscured by small-scale spatial variability when shorter stretches of the river were considered. Longitudinal dispersion appeared to be controlled largely by physical dilution with less-contaminated sediments.
Evidence suggests that erosion of contaminated flood-plains contributes to metal contamination in the bed sediments. Tributary input appeared to have little influence on the large-scale, downstream distribution of metals; however, it did contribute to local variability in bed-sediment metal concentrations. Association of metals with specific mineral grains, as well as variability in total organic C and Fe concentration, appeared also to contribute to variability.
Some year-to-year variability in bed-sediment metal concentrations was observed, however, trends in longitudinal dispersion were not significantly different between at least two of the years sampled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(91)90064-V","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Axtmann, E., and Luoma, S., 1991, Large-scale distribution of metal contamination in the fine-grained sediments of the Clark Fork River, Montana, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 6, no. 1, p. 75-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(91)90064-V.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4495e4b0c8380cd66c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Axtmann, E.V.","contributorId":30652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axtmann","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014977,"text":"70014977 - 1991 - Parameterizing the equilibrium distribution of chemicals between the dissolved, solid particulate matter, and colloidal matter compartments in aqueous systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T12:59:03","indexId":"70014977","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameterizing the equilibrium distribution of chemicals between the dissolved, solid particulate matter, and colloidal matter compartments in aqueous systems","docAbstract":"The manner in which a chemical material partitions among the dissolved (D), participate (P), and colloidal (C) phases affects both its chemical and physical behavior in the aquatic environment. The fractions of the chemical that are present in each of these three phases will be determined by the values of two simple parameters, KpSp/??w and KcSc/??w. The variables Kp and Kc are the particle/water and colloid/water partition constants (mL/g), respectively, Sp and Sc are the volume concentrations of particulate and colloidal material (mg/L), respectively, and ??w is the fractional volume of the system that is aqueous. This parameterization allows a rapid overview of how partitioning (1) changes as a function of chemical partitioning properties and water type, (2) affects apparent partition constants (i.e., Kpapp values) computed between the particulate phase and the remainder of the system, and (3) causes Kpapp values to become independent of chemical properties at high values of KcSc/??w. ?? 1991 American Chemical Society.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00024a009","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pankow, J.F., and McKenzie, S.W., 1991, Parameterizing the equilibrium distribution of chemicals between the dissolved, solid particulate matter, and colloidal matter compartments in aqueous systems: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 25, no. 12, p. 2046-2053, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00024a009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2046","endPage":"2053","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d1e4b0c8380cd7784f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, S. W.","contributorId":66240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012926,"text":"1012926 - 1991 - Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:08:23.29202","indexId":"1012926","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies","docAbstract":"Laboratory simulation of water temperature regimes that occur in subarctic rivers through winter necessitates the ability to maintain near‐freezing conditions. A heat‐exchanging apparatus is described that provided a convenient means of simulating the range of temperatures (0.5–12°C) that incubating eggs of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) typically experience in south‐central Alaskan watersheds. The system was reliable, easily maintained precise temperatures at our coldest test levels, and was used over several years with few mechanical complications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wangaard, D., McDonell, J., Burger, C.V., and Wilmot, R., 1991, Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 4, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0251:AFPRAC%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangaard, D.B.","contributorId":152258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wangaard","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonell, John P.","contributorId":358544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonell","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008635,"text":"1008635 - 1991 - Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:32:58","indexId":"1008635","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems","docAbstract":"t: We used 10 Telonics ST-3 platform transmitter terminals (PTT's) configured for wolves and ungulates to examine the performance of the Argos satellite telemetry system. Under near-optimal conditions, 68 percentile errors for location qualities (NQ) 1, 2, and 3 were 1,188, 903, and 361 m, respectively. Errors (rE) exceeded expected values for NQ = 2 and 3, varied greatly among PTT's, increased as the difference (HE) between the estimated and actual PTT elevations increased, and were correlated nonlinearly with maximum satellite pass height (P,). We present a model of the relationships among rE, HE, and PH. Errors were bimodally distributed along the east-west axis and tended to occur away from the satellite when HE was positive. A southeasterly bias increased with HE, probably due to the particular distribution of satellite passes and effects of HE on rE. Under near-optimal conditions, 21 sensor message was received for up to 64% of available (PH, 50) satellite passes, and a location (NQ 2 1) was calculated for up to 63% of such passes. Sampling frequencies of sensor and location data declined 13 and 70%, respectively, for PTT's in a valley bottom and 65 and 86%, respectively, for PTT's on animals that were in valley bottoms. Sampling frequencies were greater for ungulate than for wolf collars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3809254","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., Brewster, W.G., and Key, C.H., 1991, Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 160-171, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809254.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":20271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewster, Wayne G.","contributorId":149968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewster","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":318318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013316,"text":"1013316 - 1991 - Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (Odocoileus spp.) in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:12:57","indexId":"1013316","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (Odocoileus spp.) in western North America","docAbstract":"Odocoileus hemionus (mule deer and black-tailed deer) and Odocoileus virginanus (white-tailed deer) are sympatric in western North America and are characterized by distinct morphology, behavior, and allozyme allele frequencies. However, there is discordance among nuclear and mitochondrial genetic relationships, as mule deer (O. h. hemionus) and white-tailed deer have similar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is very different from that of black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus, O. h. sitkensis). I expanded previous studies to clarify the genetic relationships of these groups by determining mtDNA haplotype and allozyme genotypes for 667 deer from several locations in northwestern North America. Different mtDNA haplotypes in mule deer, black-tailed deer, and white-tailed deer indicate that mitochondrial gene flow is restricted. Allozyme allele frequencies indicate that there is also restriction of nuclear gene flow between O. virginianus and O. hemionus, and to a lesser extent between mule deer and black-tailed deer. There is a low level of introgressive hybridization of mtDNA from mule deer and black-tailed deer into white-tailed deer populations and considerable interbreeding of mule deer and black-tailed deer in a contact zone. The discordance of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is apparent only if mtDNA sequence divergences, and not haplotype frequencies, are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z91-179","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1991, Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (Odocoileus spp.) in western North America: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 5, p. 1270-1279, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-179.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1279","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008543,"text":"1008543 - 1991 - Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:38","indexId":"1008543","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1111,"text":"Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Clemmer, G., 1991, Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile Basin of Alabama and Mississippi: Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, v. 10, p. 17-31.","productDescription":"p. 17-31","startPage":"17","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clemmer, G.H.","contributorId":79070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemmer","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008542,"text":"1008542 - 1991 - Rivulus immaculatus, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T10:11:52","indexId":"1008542","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rivulus immaculatus, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae)","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","usgsCitation":"Thomerson, J., Nico, L., and Taphorn, D., 1991, Rivulus immaculatus, a new killifish from Venezuela (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae): Copeia, v. 1991, no. 2, p. 323-328.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1446581"}],"volume":"1991","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a10e4b07f02db5ff59a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomerson, J.E.","contributorId":6018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomerson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taphorn, D.C.","contributorId":32480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taphorn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008533,"text":"1008533 - 1991 - Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:55:47","indexId":"1008533","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida","docAbstract":"Photographs of distinctively scarred manatees (Trichechus manatus) were taken at aggregation sites throughout Florida and assembled into a catalog for identifying individuals. Resightings of known manatees in different years or at different locations enabled us to document site fidelity and long-distance movements. Of the 891 individuals included in the catalog as of August 1986, 470 (53%) were resighted at least once. We documented 219 cases of seasonal returns to specific aggregation sites and 98 instances of movements between areas. Movements in excess of 820 km were documented for individuals on the east coast of Florida. Rapid movements south during early winter, as well as northerly spring movements, verify a seasonal migration pattern for many individuals along Florida's east coast. The wide-ranging migratory habits of manatees in Florida must be considered if meaningful management strategies are to be developed and implemented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., Rathbun, G.B., and Wilcox, J., 1991, Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00564.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, J.R.","contributorId":14349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013321,"text":"1013321 - 1991 - Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife forensic science: Species identification of tissues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:39:29","indexId":"1013321","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife forensic science: Species identification of tissues","docAbstract":"A common problem in wildlife law enforcement is identifying the species of origin of carcasses, meat, or blood when morphological characters such as hair or bones are not available. Immunological and protein electrophoretic (allozyme or general protein) procedures have been used in species identification with considerable success (Bunch et al. 1976, McClymont et al. 1982, Wolfe 1983, Mardini 1984, Pex and Wolfe 1985, Dratch 1986), However, immunological tests often are not sensitive enough to distinguish closely related species. Furthermore, electrophoretically detectable protein polymorphisms may be lacking in certain populations or species and may not be species-specific.
Analysis of DNA in human and wildlife forensics has been shown to be a potentially powerful tool for identification of individuals (Jeffreys et al. 1985, Vassartet al. 1987, Thommasen et al. 1989). Differences in copy number and nucleotide sequence of repetitive sequences in the nuclear (chromosomal) DNA result in hypervariability and individual-specific patterns which have been termed DNA \"fingerprints.\" However, these patterns may be too variable for species identification necessitating analyses of more conservative parts of the genome.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is haploid, maternally inherited, similar in nucleotide sequence among conspecifics from the same geographic region, and more suitable for species identification, in contrast to hypervariable DNA fingerprints. MtDNA has several characteristics which make it useful as a species-specific marker. In mammals, individuals have a single mtDNA genotype shared by all tissues. Because mtDNA is haploid and reflects only maternal ancestry, the mtDNA gene number in a population is 4 times less than the nuclear gene number (Birky et al. 1983). This can result in relatively rapid loss or fixation of mtDNA genotypes so that all individuals in a population may be descended from a single ancestral female in as few as 4N (N = population size) generations (Avise et al., 1984). This suggests there is great potential for identification of species-specific or population-specific mtDNA genotypes, Within species, mtDNA genotypes are thought to be selectively neutral, i.e., there is little evidence that genotypes differ in fitness (Nigro and Prout 1990).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Palmisciano, D.A., Vyse, E.R., and Cameron, D.G., 1991, Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife forensic science: Species identification of tissues: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 19, no. 1, p. 94-105.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmisciano, Daniel A.","contributorId":30184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmisciano","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vyse, Ernest R.","contributorId":73171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vyse","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cameron, David G.","contributorId":189625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008532,"text":"1008532 - 1991 - Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:45:48","indexId":"1008532","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean","docAbstract":"Belize is a small country but it offers a safe haven for the largest number of manatees in the Caribbean. The authors' survey in 1989 revealed that there has been no apparent decline since the last study in 1977. However, there is no evidence for population growth either and as the Belize economy develops threats from fisheries, human pressure and declining habitat quality will increase. Recommendations are made to ensure that Belize safeguards its manatee populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0030605300034189","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Salisbury, C., 1991, Belize--a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean: Oryx, v. 5, no. 3, p. 156-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300034189.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, C.A.","contributorId":49311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008508,"text":"1008508 - 1991 - The impact of debris on the Florida manatee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:06:54","indexId":"1008508","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of debris on the Florida manatee","docAbstract":"The endangered Florida manatee ingests debris while feeding. From 1978 through 1986, 439 salvaged manatees were examined. Debris was in the gastrointestinal tract of 63 (14.4%) and four died as a direct result of debris ingestion. Monofilament fishing line was the most common debris found (N=49). Plastic bags, string, twine, rope, fish hooks, wire, paper, cellophane, synthetic sponges, rubber bands, and stockings also were recovered. Entanglement in lines and nets killed 11 manatees from 1974 through 1985. Numerous free-ranging manatees have missing or scarred flippers from entanglements, or debris still encircling one or both flippers. We recommend local cleanups, education of the public, and fishing restrictions in high use areas to significantly reduce harm to manatees.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(91)90406-I","usgsCitation":"Beck, C., and Barros, N., 1991, The impact of debris on the Florida manatee: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 22, no. 10, p. 508-510, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(91)90406-I.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barros, N.B.","contributorId":107239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barros","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008509,"text":"1008509 - 1991 - An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:23:36","indexId":"1008509","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd","docAbstract":"The hybrid golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas × rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus is the first known nonsalmonid, intergeneric hybrid of an exotic species and a North American native species. The cross is also the first valid record of a viable hybrid involving the native golden shiner. Meristic and mensural characters of 30 artificially produced hybrids of male golden shiners and female rudds were analyzed. Forty-seven percent of the meristic traits exhibited character states intermediate between those of parents. Twenty-seven percent of the meristic characters were supernumerary, suggesting developmental instability of the hybrid genome. Mensural hybrid characters were significantly skewed to the golden shiner phenotype. The skewed mensural inheritance and other skewed patterns of morphological inheritance also suggest problems in canalization of the hybrid phenome or atypical patterns of dominance. All hybrids were identifiable by intermediate squamation of the cultrate abdomen: the keel was mostly scaled but exhibited a small fleshy ridge posteriorly. This minnow hybrid allows general inferences to be made about the phylogenetic affinity of the golden shiner to other cultrate cyprinids of Eurasia. The hybrid cross has important management and conservation implications for fishes in North America. The hybrid is an example of how an exotic species may negatively affect a native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkhead, N., and Williams, J., 1991, An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, p. 781-795, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"795","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269492,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0781:AIHOAN>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68442f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013318,"text":"1013318 - 1991 - Inter- and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T21:32:06","indexId":"1013318","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter- and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)","docAbstract":"We assessed mitochondrial DNA variation in North American black bears (Ursus americanus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (0.05 base substitutions per nucleotide) were identified in populations of black bears from Montana and Oregon. In contrast, very similar haplotypes occur in black bears across North America. This discordance of haplotype phylogeny and geographic distribution indicates that there has been maintenance of polymorphism and considerable gene flow throughout the history of the species. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in brown bears and polar bears is lower than in black bears. The two morphological forms of U. arctos, grizzly and coastal brown bears, are not in distinct mtDNA lineages. Interspecific comparisons indicate that brown bears and polar bears share similar mitochondrial DNA (0.023 base substitutions per nucleotide) which is quite divergent (0.078 base substitutions per nucleotide) from that of black bears. High mitochondrial DNA divergence within black bears and paraphyletic relationships of brown and polar bear mitochondrial DNA indicate that intraspecific variation across species' ranges should be considered in phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA.","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z91-421","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Amstrup, S.C., Garner, G.W., and Vyse, E.R., 1991, Inter- and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 12, p. 2985-2992, https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-421.","productDescription":"pp. 2985-2992","startPage":"2985","endPage":"2992","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vyse, Ernest R.","contributorId":73171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vyse","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008531,"text":"1008531 - 1991 - An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T15:41:46","indexId":"1008531","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom","docAbstract":"Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and contaminant residue findings were unremarkable. Nonspecific lesions of congestion and hemorrhage were identified in brain tissue. Numerous reports were also received of manatee morbidity. Some distressed manatees showed no biochemical lesions in clinical analyses of blood samples and recovered quickly. Timing of manatee illnesses coincided with fish and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) mortality and morbidity. A widespread bloom of the dinoflagellate red tide organism (Gymnodinium breve) also coincided with these incidents. G. breve produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins). Circumstantial evidence links these events, and possible routes of exposure may include ingestion of filter-feeding ascidians. Ecological conditions that magnified the extent of the epizootic included an early dispersal of manatees into the area from a nearby winter aggregation site and unusually high salinities that facilitated the inshore spread of the red tide bloom. Management responses to future episodes of red tide in manatee areas are suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Rathbun, G.B., Bonde, R., Buergelt, C., and Odell, D., 1991, An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom: Marine Mammal Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 165-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buergelt, C.D.","contributorId":21913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buergelt","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odell, D.K.","contributorId":32119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}