The five sheets of the San Francisco folio the Tamalpais, Ban Francisco, Concord, Ban Mateo, and Haywards sheets map a territory lying between latitude 37° 30' and 38° and longitude 122° and 122° 45'. Large parts of four of these sheets cover the waters of the Bay of San Francisco or of the adjacent Pacific Ocean. (See fig. 1.) Within the area mapped are the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda, Ban Rafael, and San Mateo, and many smaller towns and villages. These cities, which have a population aggregating about 750,000, together form the largest and most important center of commercial and industrial activity on the west coast of the United States. The natural advantages afforded by a great harbor, where the railways from the east meet the ships from all ports of the world, have determined the site of a flourishing cosmopolitan, commercial city on the shores of San Francisco Bay. The bay is encircled by hilly and mountainous country diversified by fertile valley lands and divides the territory mapped into two rather contrasted parts, the western part being again divided by the Golden Gate. It will therefore be convenient to sketch the geographic features under four headings (1) the area east of San Francisco Bay; (2) the San Francisco Peninsula; (3) the Marin Peninsula; (4) San Francisco Bay. (See fig. 2.)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gf193","usgsCitation":"Lawson, A.C., 1914, San Francisco folio, California, Tamalpais, San Francisco, Concord, San Mateo, and Haywards quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Folios of the Geologic Atlas 193, Report: 24 p.; 15 Plates: 20.42 × 23.36 inches or smaller; Cover; 1 Illustration: 20.00 × 23.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gf193.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 15 Plates: 20.42 × 23.36 inches or smaller; Cover; 1 Illustration: 20.00 × 23.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101988,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"357"},{"id":24086,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/193/quad-5_structure.pdf","text":"Haywards Quadrangle Structure 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cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, W. E.","contributorId":6431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.H.","contributorId":68292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33918,"text":"b600 - 1914 - The Glacier National Park: A popular guide to its geology and scenery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T10:18:54","indexId":"b600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"600","title":"The Glacier National Park: A popular guide to its geology and scenery","docAbstract":"The Glacier National Park includes that part of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains lying just south of the Canadian line, in Teton and Flathead counties, Mont. It is bounded on the west by Flathead River (locally called North Fork), on the south by the Middle Fork of Flathead River and the Great Northern Railway, and on the east by the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.
Although this part of the Rocky Mountains has been known since Lewis and Clark crossed the continent in 1805-6, the region later made a park appears not to have been visited by white men until 1853, when Cut Bank Pass was crossed by A. W. Tinkham, one of the Government engineers engaged in exploring a route for the Pacific railroad. Tinkham, who was encamped in the Bitterroot Valley, was ordered to examine Marias Pass, but in traversing Middle Fork of Flathead River along the line of the present railroad he was evidently misled by the large size of the valley of Nyack Creek and ascended that instead of keeping to the right up the main stream. He reported the pass impracticable for railroad construction, and so this region dropped out of public attention for a long time.
The next explorers to enter the region were a group of surveyors who, under the direction of American and British commissioners, established the international boundary line along the forty-ninth parallel from the Pacific coast to the main summit of the Rocky Mountains. This party reached the area now included in the park in the summer of 1861, and the stone monument shown in Plate I, B, which they erected on the Continental Divide west of Waterton Lake, still marks a point on the boundary between the United States and Canada.
The land on the west side of the range formed a part of the public domain which, until the erection of the park, was open to settlement, but the land on the east originally belonged to the Blackfeet Indians and the white men had no rights upon it. About 1890 copper ore was found near the heads of Quartz and Mineral creeks, and a great boom for this region followed. Many prospectors drifted in, expecting to reap rich rewards from the discovery of mineral deposits and the general development of the region. Several of the main trails were built about this time, and considerable money was spent in prospecting, in opening mines, and in providing machinery to handle the large output of copper ore that was expected.
The copper-bearing veins were found to extend through the range to the east side, but prospecting in that part of the mountains was not possible, for the land was included in the Indian reservation. This situation produced a growing discontent among the prospectors, who began to have a strong feeling that the Government should come to their relief by acquiring the coveted land and placing it at their disposal. The urgent demand of the prospectors and promoters was felt in Congress, and a bill was passed providing for the purchase from the Indians of this supposed mineral land for $1,500,000. In accordance with this act, a treaty with the Blackfeet Indians was signed at Browning, Mont., September 26, 1895, and approved by the Senate on June 10, 1896, by which the west line of the reservation was removed from the Continental Divide and was fixed along the eastern points of the spurs of the mountain range, as shown on the accompanying map, and the land so acquired was thrown open to mineral entry only.
Under the stimulus of the new territory acquired, active prospecting was carried on for a time, but copper ore was found only in small quantities, and gradually the prospectors and miners drifted away to newer or more promising fields, and the region reverted to its original condition. For a long time it was visited only by hunters in search of big game and by summer visitors who, in order to escape the heat of the plains, were willing to undergo the privations and discomforts of the rude hotels then to be found in the region.
Although these mountains had ceased to interest prospectors in search of mineral wealth, they still possessed a fascination for the lovers of natural scenery and almost everyone who visited the region was impressed with its alpine beauty. Again it was brought to the attention of Congress, which was urged to secure it for the use of the people by setting it aside as a national park. On May 11, 1910, President Taft signed the bill creating the Glacier National Park, and this most interesting and beautiful region thus became a permanent playground for the American people.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b600","usgsCitation":"Campbell, M., 1914, The Glacier National Park: A popular guide to its geology and scenery: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 600, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b600.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0600/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92485,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0600/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Marius R.","contributorId":103337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Marius R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39485,"text":"pp81 - 1914 - Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T16:19:49.259746","indexId":"pp81","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81","title":"Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp81","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, L.W., 1914, Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 81, Report: 77 p.; 1 Plate: 22.19 × 19.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp81.","productDescription":"Report: 77 p.; 1 Plate: 22.19 × 19.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113661,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0081/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4660.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Eastern Gulf region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.3333,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -81.8333,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -81.8333,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -89.3333,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -89.3333,\n 31.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, L. W.","contributorId":70349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1113,"text":"wsp333 - 1913 - Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T21:29:56.152375","indexId":"wsp333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"333","title":"Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"The area covered by this report includes Boxelder County, Utah, the eastern part of Tooele County, Utah, and some small tracts in southern Idaho. It comprises about 9,500 square miles, or more than the combined area of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. It lies between 40° and 42° north latitude and 112° and 114° west longitude. (See fig. 1.)
Insufficient rainfall and the rapid settling of the country have created a demand for an investigation to determine the feasibility of irrigating by the use of underground water. In response to this demand and in order to classify the land under the enlarged homestead act, the writer made an investigation covering a period of four months during the summer and fall of 1911. The greater part of this time was spent in Boxelder County, but two weeks at the close of the season were devoted to a reconnaissance in Tooele, Rush, and Skull valleys, in Tooele County. W. B. Heroy, of the United States Geological Survey, collected most of the data presented for southern Idaho.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp333","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, E., 1913, Ground water in Boxelder and Tooele Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 333, Report: 90 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 17.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp333.","productDescription":"Report: 90 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 17.13 inches","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393986,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24510.htm"},{"id":138096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25874,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25873,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Tooele County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113,\n 40.767\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 40.767\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 39.917\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 39.917\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Everett","contributorId":103656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Everett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39482,"text":"pp78 - 1913 - Geology and ore deposits of the Philipsburg quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-31T21:11:07.761147","indexId":"pp78","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Philipsburg quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The Philipsburg quadrangle is bounded by parallels 46° and 46° 30' and meridians 113° and 113° 30'. Its length from north to south is 34.5 miles, its average width east and west 23.8 miles, and its area 827.42 square miles. As shown on the index map (fig. 1), it is not far
from the western border of Montana and nearly midway between the northern and southern boundaries of the State. The nearest large town is Anaconda, the site of the great smelter of the Amalgamated Copper Co., which is on Warm Spring Creek, a mile or two beyond the eastern
boundary of the quadrangle.
Philipsburg lies about midway between the eastern and western limits of the Rocky Mountain system, if the term be used in the broad sense prevailing in the United States. In the general latitude of Montana the system as defined by American usage is bounded on the west by the Columbia River basalt plain and on the east by the Great Plains. The western limit is fairly definite, but on the east there is no very definite line between the plains and mountains; the mountains are fairly continuous west and north of the Philipsburg quadrangle, but to the east and southeast mountains alternate with broad stretches of semiarid lowland. The quadrangle therefore overlaps the line between two physiographic provinces, one characterized by isolated mountain groups, of which the Flint Creek Range is the most westerly, and the other by more continuous elevations, of which the Sapphire Mountains are an example.
","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp78","usgsCitation":"Emmons, W.H., and Calkins, F.C., 1913, Geology and ore deposits of the Philipsburg quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 78, Report: 271 p.; 2 Plates: 17.04 x 24.0 and 16.04 x 19.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp78.","productDescription":"Report: 271 p.; 2 Plates: 17.04 x 24.0 and 16.04 x 19.88 inches","numberOfPages":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104531,"rank":700,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0078/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397961,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4657.htm"},{"id":169972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":308538,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0078/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":308539,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0078/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Philipsburg quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, William Harvey","contributorId":75636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Harvey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, Frank Cathcart","contributorId":31734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calkins","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Cathcart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":343,"text":"wsp302 - 1913 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1911 : Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:06","indexId":"wsp302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"302","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1911 : Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp302","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1913, Surface water supply of the United States, 1911 : Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 302, 90 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp302.","productDescription":"90 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24906,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39480,"text":"pp76 - 1913 - The San Franciscan volcanic field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T08:54:41","indexId":"pp76","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76","title":"The San Franciscan volcanic field, Arizona","docAbstract":"LOCATION OF AREA
The San Franciscan volcanic field, which takes its name from San Francisco Mountain, the largest volcano of the group, covers about 3,000 square miles in the north-central part of Arizona, as shown by the shaded space on the index map forming figure 1. The center of the field lies about 50 miles south of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and the southern boundary is in part coterminous with that of the San Francisco Plateau, which forms the southwestern division of the great Colorado Plateau.
The region is easily reached, for the main line of the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railway traverses it from east to west for more than 60 miles. Flagstaff, a town of 1,500 inhabitants 10 miles south of the summit of San Francisco Mountain, is on the railroad, amid a branch line runs from Williams, 34 miles farther west, to the Grand Canyon. All the more important points of interest in the field may be reached without difficulty by wagon, and outfits may be obtained at Flagstaff.
OUTLINE OF THE REPORT
This report deals primarily with the volcanic phenomena of the region as determined in the field and laboratory. Chapter I contains a brief description of the geography of the field and Chapter II is devoted largely to the sedimentary formations and structure. The rest of the report Chapters III to VI—treats entirely of the various features of the volcanoes and igneous rocks, both individually and collectively. Detailed descriptions of the volcanoes and lava fields are given in Chapter III; the volcanic history of the region and its correlation with the general history of the surrounding country are presented in Chapter IV. These two chapters will presumably suffice for the general reader who may desire to become acquainted with the broader volcanic features of the region. Chapter V (Petrography) is devoted entirely to the detailed description of the individual igneous rocks of the region, as represented by a selected set of type specimens. In Chapter VI (Petrology) is presented a discussion of the igneous rocks considered collectively—that is, as a series of genetically related members. These last two chapters will be more especially interesting to petrologists, although there is considerable matter in the last chapter which may also be of interest to the general reader.
EXTENT OF FIELD WORK
The field work on which the report is based was carried on during the summers of 1901 to 1903, a portion of the time, however, being occupied by side trips to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, the Verde Valley, and the Moqui Buttes. It was the original intention to study only San Francisco Mountain, but scattered observations made during the first summer at other localities, especially at Elden Mountain and Kendrick Peak, seemed to indicate that the region would repay wider study. The work was accordingly extended so as to embrace all the large cones that lie in the vicinity of San Francisco Mountain and some 2,000 square miles of the surrounding plateau country. The more detailed work was confined to the large cones and the laccoliths, as they presented the greatest variety of phenomena within the smallest space. Reconnaissance work was carried on in the surrounding country more especially for the purpose of determining the limits of the widespread basalt flows, their relation to the underlying sedimentary formations, and the character of those formations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp76","usgsCitation":"Robinson, H.H., 1913, The San Franciscan volcanic field, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 76, 213 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp76.","productDescription":"213 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0076/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 35.9\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 35.9\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 34.9\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 34.9\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 35.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67abbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Henry Hollister","contributorId":193597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Hollister","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1782,"text":"wsp282 - 1912 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1910, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp282","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"282","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1910, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp282","usgsCitation":"Hall, M., and Mathers, J., 1912, Surface water supply of the United States, 1910, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 282, 109 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp282.","productDescription":"109 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0282/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, M.R.","contributorId":42941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathers, J.G.","contributorId":35296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathers","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67881,"text":"gf179 - 1912 - Pawpaw-Hancock folio, Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T11:58:15","indexId":"gf179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":314,"text":"Folios of the Geologic Atlas","code":"GF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"179","title":"Pawpaw-Hancock folio, Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles embrace parts of eastern West Virginia, western Maryland, and southern Pennsylvania between parallels 39° 30' abd 39° 45' and meridians 78° and 78° 30', and contain 460 square miles. (See fig. 1.) Parts of eight counties are included in the area, Morgan, Berkeley, and Hampshire in West Virginia, Washington and Allegany in Maryland, and Bedford, Fulton, and Franklin in Pennsylvania. Hancock, Md., the the largest town in the area, Pawpaw, Great Cacapon, and Berkeley Springs, W. Va., being next in importance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gf179","usgsCitation":"Stose, G.W., and Swartz, C.K., 1912, Pawpaw-Hancock folio, Maryland-West Virginia-Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Folios of the Geologic Atlas 179, Report: 24 p.; 8 Plates: 17.18 x 21.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/gf179.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 8 Plates: 17.18 x 21.52 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103793,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2381.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2381"},{"id":265166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/cover-thumb.jpg"},{"id":23974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/cover.pdf","size":"4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/text.pdf","size":"12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23976,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-1_area.pdf","size":"6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23977,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-1_structure.pdf","size":"4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23978,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-1_topography.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23979,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-2_area.pdf","size":"6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23980,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-2_structure.pdf","size":"4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23981,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/quad-2_topography.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23982,"rank":406,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/179/illustration.pdf","size":"9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5,39.5 ], [ -78.5,39.75 ], [ -78,39.75 ], [ -78,39.5 ], [ -78.5,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stose, G. 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The Terry lignite field, Custer County, Montana. The Glendive lignite field, Dawson County, Montana. The Sidney lignite field, Dawson County, Montana. The Culbertson lignite field, Valley County, Montana","indexId":"b471D","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geology of certain lignite fields in eastern Montana. The Baker lignite field, Custer County, Montana. The Terry lignite field, Custer County, Montana. The Glendive lignite field, Dawson County, Montana. The Sidney lignite field, Dawson County, Montana. The Culbertson lignite field, Valley County, Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33898,"text":"b471 - 1912 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports) 1910: Part II - Mineral fuels","indexId":"b471","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports) 1910: Part II - Mineral fuels"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33898,"text":"b471 - 1912 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports) 1910: Part II - Mineral fuels","indexId":"b471","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports) 1910: Part II - Mineral fuels"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T20:57:08.644039","indexId":"b471D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1912","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"471","chapter":"D","title":"Geology of certain lignite fields in eastern Montana. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gf182","isbn":"0607728841","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.L., 1912, Choptank folio, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Folios of the Geologic Atlas 182, Report: 8 p.; 2 Plates: 17.82 x 21.24 inches and 17.30 x 21.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gf182.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 2 Plates: 17.82 x 21.24 inches and 17.30 x 21.06 inches","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103796,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2384.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2384"},{"id":23994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/182/cover.pdf","size":"4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/182/text.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23996,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/182/quad-area.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23997,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/182/quad-topography.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":265244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/182/cover-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Choptank Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,38.5 ], [ -76.5,39 ], [ -76,39 ], [ -76,38.5 ], [ -76.5,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e02e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Benjamin LeRoy","contributorId":23628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"LeRoy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1781,"text":"wsp262 - 1910 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1909, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp262","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1910","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"262","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1909, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp262","usgsCitation":"Hall, M., and Bolster, R., 1910, Surface water supply of the United States, 1909, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 262, 150 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp262.","productDescription":"150 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0262/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26915,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69805d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, M.R.","contributorId":42941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolster, R.H.","contributorId":50127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolster","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49277,"text":"b341B - 1909 - The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming. The Glenrock coal field, Wyoming. Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana. Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming. The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming. The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49277,"text":"b341B - 1909 - The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming. The Glenrock coal field, Wyoming. Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana. Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming. The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming. The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","indexId":"b341B","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming. The Glenrock coal field, Wyoming. Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana. Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming. The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming. The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33914,"text":"b341 - 1909 - Contributions to economic geology, 1907: Part II - coal and lignite","indexId":"b341","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1907: Part II - coal and lignite"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33914,"text":"b341 - 1909 - Contributions to economic geology, 1907: Part II - coal and lignite","indexId":"b341","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1907: Part II - coal and lignite"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T19:14:38.456942","indexId":"b341B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"341","chapter":"B","title":"The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming. The Glenrock coal field, Wyoming. Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana. Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming. The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming. The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to economic geology, 1907, Part II, Coal and lignite (Bulletin 341)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b341B","usgsCitation":"Taff, J.A., Shaw, E., Washburne, C.W., Woodruff, E.G., Smith, E.E., Ball, M.W., and Schultz, A., 1909, The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming. The Glenrock coal field, Wyoming. Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana. Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming. The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming. The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 341, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b341B.","productDescription":"160 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":483591,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19872.htm","text":"The northern part of the Rock Springs coal field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483590,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19873.htm","text":"The western part of the Little Snake River coal field, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483589,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19871.htm","text":"The eastern part of the Great Divide Basin coal field, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483588,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19858.htm","text":"Coal fields of the southwest side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483587,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19857.htm","text":"Coal fields of the northeast side of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and of Bridger, Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":483586,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19867.htm","text":"The Sheridan coal field, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0341b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":114443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0341b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.08483207959064,\n 45.01372012254623\n ],\n [\n -111.08483207959064,\n 40.96025529580231\n ],\n [\n -104.16562968690882,\n 40.96025529580231\n ],\n [\n -104.16562968690882,\n 45.01372012254623\n ],\n [\n -111.08483207959064,\n 45.01372012254623\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db6918bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taff, J. A.","contributorId":81467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":239422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, E.W.","contributorId":50947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburne, Chester Wesley","contributorId":16479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburne","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, E. G.","contributorId":10770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Edward Eggleston","contributorId":81161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Eggleston","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ball, Max Waite","contributorId":61870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"Waite","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schultz, A.R.","contributorId":94278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":333,"text":"wsp242 - 1909 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1907-8, Part II. South Atlantic Coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T09:27:37","indexId":"wsp242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"242","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1907-8, Part II. South Atlantic Coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This volume contains results of flow measurements made on certain streams in the United States. The work was performed by the water-resources branch of the United States Geological Survey, either independently or in cooperation with organizations mentioned herein. These investigations are authorized by the organic law of the Geological Survey (Stat. L., vol. 20, p. 394)...
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp242","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1909, Surface water supply of the United States, 1907-8, Part II. South Atlantic Coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 242, 226 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp242.","productDescription":"226 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":24896,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0242/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0242/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b153b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1280,"text":"wsp236 - 1909 - The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters east of the one hundredth meridian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1909","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"236","title":"The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters east of the one hundredth meridian","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp236","usgsCitation":"Dole, R., 1909, The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters east of the one hundredth meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 236, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp236.","productDescription":"123 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0236/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26243,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0236/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dole, Richard B.","contributorId":21932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dole","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2098,"text":"wsp217 - 1908 - Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:54:00","indexId":"wsp217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1908","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"217","title":"Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"Location and extent of area examined. Beaver Valley is located in Beaver County, in southwestern Utah, about 175 miles south of Salt Lake. It lies between the Tushar Mountains on the east and the Beaver Mountains on the west. The principal town of the valley is Beaver, which is most conveniently reached from Milford, a station on the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. The valley, together with its neighboring highlands, occupies the eastern third of Beaver County, an area of about 1,200 square miles. A large part of this area, however, is rocky upland and unproductive desert, the tillable land comprising a comparatively small area in the immediate vicinity of the streams.
Purpose and scope of work. The purpose of this paper is to present information concerning the waters of Beaver Valley and to point out ways and means of increasing their usefulness. The presence of a large amount of water in Beaver Valley results from local topograhic conditions, the water being supplied by precipitation in the highland to the east. Its conservation and distribution result from geologic conditions, the water being held in loose gravel and sand, which are more or less confined between ridges of consolidated rocks. The rock basins were formed partly by erosion and partly by faulting and surface deformation. In order to accomplish the purpose in view it is therefore necessary to describe the geographic and geologic conditions in Beaver Valley and neighboring regions.
The investigation included the determination of the flow of streams and springs, of the manner of occurrence and quantity of the underground waters as shown by the geologic and geographic conditions of the region and by the distribution of springs and wells, and of the chemical character of the waters with reference to their adaptability to domestic use and to irrigation. The chemical data were obtained (a) by field assays, which are approximately correct and probably of sufficient accuracy to be of value in comparing the various waters; (b) by more exact analyses, some of which were made in the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey by W. M. Barr, and others by Herman Harms, State chemist of Utah, for the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad; and (c) by sanitary analyses, made also by Herman Harms.
Cooperation. The work was done during the summer of 1906, the United States Geological Survey cooperating with the State of Utah through Caleb Tanner, State engineer, and with the county of Beaver through the supervisors of the county. In collecting the information the writer was assisted by J. F. Hoyt, of Nephi, Utah.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp217","usgsCitation":"Lee, W.T., 1908, Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 217, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp217.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Beaver County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.68014968334624\n ],\n [\n -112.39837646484375,\n 38.68014968334624\n ],\n [\n -112.39837646484375,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.06539235133249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Willis Thomas","contributorId":52949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69482,"text":"gf152 - 1907 - Patuxent folio, Maryland-District of Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T12:10:07","indexId":"gf152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":314,"text":"Folios of the Geologic Atlas","code":"GF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"152","title":"Patuxent folio, Maryland-District of Columbia","docAbstract":"The Patuxent quadrangle lies between parallel 38° 30' and 39° north latitude and meridians 76° 30' and 77° west longitude. It includes one-fourth of a square dgeree of the earth's surface and contains 931.5 square miles. From north to south it measures 34.5 miles and from east to west the mean distance is 27 miles, the width being 27.1 miles along the southern and 29.6 miles along the northern border.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gf152","isbn":"0607728736","usgsCitation":"Shattuck, G.B., Miller, B.L., and Bibbins, A., 1907, Patuxent folio, Maryland-District of Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Folios of the Geologic Atlas 152, Report: 12 p.; 4 Plates: 17.12 x 21.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/gf152.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 4 Plates: 17.12 x 21.19 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":23767,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/quad-area.pdf","size":"6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23768,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/quad-artesian.pdf","size":"6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23769,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/quad-topography.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23770,"rank":403,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/illustration.pdf","size":"0","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":265251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/cover-thumb.jpg"},{"id":103766,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2354.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2354"},{"id":23765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/cover.pdf","size":"5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":23766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/152/text.pdf","size":"7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,38.5 ], [ -77,39 ], [ -76.5,39 ], [ -76.5,38.5 ], [ -77,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shattuck, George Burbank","contributorId":19617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shattuck","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Burbank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Benjamin LeRoy","contributorId":23628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"LeRoy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bibbins, Arthur","contributorId":38232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibbins","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2591,"text":"wsp199 - 1907 - Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:54:42","indexId":"wsp199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"199","title":"Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah","docAbstract":"Sanpete and central Sevier valleys are situated at the border of the Basin Range and Plateau provinces in south-central Utah. They are bounded on the east by the Wasatch and Sevier plateaus and on the west by the Gunnison Plateau and the Valley and Pavant ranges, and are drained by Sevier River, which empties into Sevier Lake in the Great Basin. (See fig. 1, p. 6.)
These valleys rank with the richest parts of the State. They were occupied a few years after the Mormon pioneers founded Salt Lake City, in 1847, when settlements, which soon became thriving farming communities, were established where water for irrigation was most available. A variety of crops, especially wheat, are successfully grown, and the valleys are popularly known as the \"granary of Utah.\" Sheep raising is also an important industry, the adjacent highlands being used for summer pastures. The climate is arid, and there is a striking contrast between those areas which in their natural state are covered with sagebrush and grease wood and the fruitful cultivated tracts. (See PI. I, A and B.) Trees are normally absent in the valleys, but they flourish to a limited extent on the adjacent highlands, where there are thin growths of quaking aspen, scrub oak, and stunted conifers. Irrigation is necessary for the production of crops. Canal systems are maintained by San Pitch Creek and Sevier River, and the mountain streams are tapped by ditches near the mouths of the canyons, but this supply is insufficient and attention is being turned to the subterranean store.
This report is a preliminary statement of the general conditions of occurrence of underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys. The field work was carried on in cooperation with Sanpete and Sevier counties through the State engineer, Mr. Caleb Tanner, who detailed Mr. C. S. Jarvis to collect the data embodied in the list of springs and wells on pages 51-60.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp199","usgsCitation":"Richardson, G.B., 1907, Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 199, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp199.","productDescription":"63 p.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28869,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0199/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Central Sevier Valley, Sanpete Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4068603515625,\n 39.55064761909318\n ],\n [\n -111.7034912109375,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -111.99462890625,\n 39.06611426153784\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -111.48376464843749,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n -111.4398193359375,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -111.4068603515625,\n 39.55064761909318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, George Burr","contributorId":102458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Burr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1780,"text":"wsp204 - 1907 - Surface water supply of southern Atlantic and eastern Gulf States, 1906 (Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204","title":"Surface water supply of southern Atlantic and eastern Gulf States, 1906 (Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp204","usgsCitation":"Hall, M.R., 1907, Surface water supply of southern Atlantic and eastern Gulf States, 1906 (Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 204, v, 110, ii p. :illus., v pl. (incl. fold. map.) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp204.","productDescription":"v, 110, ii p. :illus., v pl. (incl. fold. map.) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26914,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Maxcy Reddick","contributorId":62187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Maxcy","email":"","middleInitial":"Reddick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34005,"text":"b300 - 1907 - Economic geology of the Amity quadrangle, eastern Washington County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-30T20:11:27.462073","indexId":"b300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"300","title":"Economic geology of the Amity quadrangle, eastern Washington County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b300","usgsCitation":"Clapp, F.G., 1907, Economic geology of the Amity quadrangle, eastern Washington County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 300, Report: 145 p.; 1 Plate: 17.11 × 20.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b300.","productDescription":"Report: 145 p.; 1 Plate: 17.11 × 20.83 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397899,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19835.htm"},{"id":22406,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0300/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":22405,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0300/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0300/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Amity quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.25,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -80.25,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -80.25,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, Frederick Gardner","contributorId":96659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"Gardner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39504,"text":"pp50 - 1906 - The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:31:29","indexId":"pp50","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet","docAbstract":"Just south of the forty-ninth parallel and east of the Rocky Mountains is an area that is of much interest to glacialists. It is the area which lay between the Keewatin ice sheet and the mountain glaciers coming from the west. Although it has been known for nearly twenty years that the bodies of drift deposited by the ice coming from opposite directions were closely associated, little detailed field work has been done in this region. As early as 1881 Sir James Geikie prophesied that a careful study of the region would clear up many important points in glaciology. In 1885, Dr. T. C. Chamberlin and Prof E. D. Salisbury, in a reconnaissance of the region, determined roughly the course of the terminal moraine of the eastern ice sheet and obtained data concerning the character and extent of the mountain glaciation. In 1890 Mr. G. E. Culver, while a member of the military party under the command of Lieutenant Ahern, U. S. Army, gathered many data concerning the geology of the region, publishing the results of his investigations in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, in 1891. Doctor Dawson and Mr McConnell, of the Canadian Survey, have worked out the geology of the region north of the boundary line. Their reports are unusually complete, but the area to the south offers better opportunity for study, and somewhat different conclusions were reached from a study of that region.
The work on which the following discussion is based was done during the field seasons of 1901, 1902, and 1903. During the first season the writer was accompanied by Mr. Bruce McLeish, then a student at the University of Chicago. The second year Mr. Porter Graves, of the Kansas City High School, rendered valuable assistance. The writer is most deeply indebted to Dr. T. C. Chamberlin and Prof. R. D. Salisbury, of the University of Chicago, for friendly interest shown while superintending the compiling of this manuscript. Professor Salisbury also personally directed a portion of the field work and made many practical suggestions. Thanks are also due Dr. G. K. Gilbert for careful criticism of the report.
The area covered by this investigation lies along the eastern front of the Montana Rockies, between longitude 108° and 113° 40', and latitude 47° 15' and 49° 30'. Over the eastern and northern part of this area the ice from the northeast deposited its drift. Over the western part the ice from the Rockies pushed down the mountain valleys and, deploying on the plain, deposited large and well-defined terminal moraines. Extending from the Canadian line to the Missouri there is a strip of country, varying greatly in width, which the ice did not cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp50","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, F., 1906, The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 50, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp50.","productDescription":"62 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.81884765624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.81884765624999,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, F.H.H.","contributorId":94724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"F.H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39505,"text":"pp51 - 1906 - Geology of the Bighorn Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T21:14:23.549553","indexId":"pp51","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51","title":"Geology of the Bighorn Mountains","docAbstract":"This report is the result of studies made in the field during the seasons of 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1905. It relates to an area of about 9,000 square miles, situated mainly in the north-central portion of Wyoming and extending northward into Montana. Its location and general surroundings are shown on PL II. It covers the greater portion of the Bighorn uplift, together with an adjoining area of the Great Plains on the east. It also includes a small part of the Bighorn Basin and the eastern end of the Bridger Range. The report describes the various rocks, their structure, history, and mineral resources, including underground water, coal, gypsum, and various other products. It also contains information as to surface waters available for irrigation.
\nThroughout the work assistance has been rendered by Mr. C. A. Fisher, who mapped portions of the area, measured numerous sections, collected fossils, and examined most of the crystalline rocks; and the author is indebted to Mr. Albert Johannsen for some of the petrographic descriptions.
\nPrevious observers have given but little information regarding the geology of the Bighorn Mountains, though Dr. F. V. Hayden ascertained the general relations of the uplift in his exploration of the Northwest, and Mr. George H. Eldridge, who crossed the range near Bald Mountain and southwest of Buffalo during the summer of 1893, described 0 some of the broader features of the geologic succession and structure in a remarkably comprehensive manner, considering how small an area he had the opportunity to examine. The Bighorn region is very thinly settled, there being no permanent habitations among the mountains, and it is but little visited by others than hunters, prospectors, and herders. There have recently been established two summer resorts in the mountains, and each year a larger number of persons visit the region. Unfortunately the mineral prospects have proved disappointing to the prospectors, and there appears to be but little promise that the area will become important on account of its mineral resources. In the Bridger uplift promising prospects of gold and copper have recently been discovered, which may prove of value.
\nThere are extensive, forests in the mountains, which are now included in a Government forest reserve, but their timber is not of great value. Much of the area below timber line contains an abundance of luxuriant grasses and other plants, which afford excellent pasturage for stock, and large herds of sheep and cattle are ranged in the region during the short summer season. Game is moderately abundant, and most of the streams contain large numbers of trout. The region is one of great interest geologically on account of its variety of sedimentary rocks, interesting structure, and remarkably instructive glacial features. The central area, with its high peaks, presents alpine scenery of notable character. Doubtless in the future the region will be extensively visited by tourists, hunters, and geologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp51","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1906, Geology of the Bighorn Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 51, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp51.","productDescription":"129 p.","numberOfPages":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.68798828125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -107.95166015624999,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -108.468017578125,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -108.292236328125,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 44.535674532413196\n ],\n [\n -107.479248046875,\n 44.11125397357153\n ],\n [\n -107.391357421875,\n 43.82660134505384\n ],\n [\n -107.40234375,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -106.72119140625,\n 44.11125397357153\n ],\n [\n -106.72119140625,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -106.995849609375,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -107.68798828125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39501,"text":"pp45 - 1906 - The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T12:56:33","indexId":"pp45","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45","title":"The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof","docAbstract":"Alaska, the largest outlying possession of the United States, is that great land mass forming the northwestern extremity of the North American continent, whose western point is within 60 miles of the Asiatic coast (PI. II). About one-quarter of this area lies within the Arctic Circle, and from the standpoint of geographic position must be regarded as an arctic province; but the southern seaboard, exposed to the warm winds and waters of the Pacific, gives to the entire southern portion of the territory\" a comparatively warm climate. It is not generally realized that the range of climate in Alaska is greater than that between Florida and Maine. At the southernmost point of the Pacific coast the mean annual temperature is not far from that of the city of Washington, the winters being warmer and characterized by less snowfall; the Yukon Valley on the other hand has a winter climate similar to that of northern Montana and Dakota; while in the extreme northern part of the territory the meteorologic conditions are invariably arctic.
\nThough as yet only sparsely settled, Alaska's vast area and great resources make it one of the most important possessions of the United States and promise its rapid development. During the years 1890 to 1900 the population increased from 32,052* to 63,592. The mineral output, which in 1890 was valued at less than $800,000, exceeded $9,000,000 in 1904, and the fisheries show a corresponding growth. This rapid development has attracted public attention and led to urgent demand for explorations, surveys, and other investigations. So actively has this work been pushed, both by public and private enterprise, that exact knowledge of the geography, geology, and mineral resources of the interior has made greater strides within the last eight years than during the preceding thirty-one years since the acquisition of Alaska. The facts regarding the geography and geology, scattered as they are through the many books and reports of this period, are not always readily accessible, and the time seems ripe to present them in a summarized form.
\nThe topography of Alaska is varied and complex (see PI. I), and it is not easy to present briefly even the salient features. The limited number of pages here devoted to the subject precludes the possibility of detailed treatment, even if the facts were available. Much of the description has been taken from the results attained by other investigators, the writer being personally familiar with only a part of this large province. A list of the publications consulted is appended.
\nThe larger geographic features of Alaska are now fairly well known, though the detailed surveys which are demanded by the development of many localities have hardly been begun. Preliminary surveys have been completed of all but three 8 of the larger rivers. The most important mountain ranges have been at least outlined (fig. 3). Only three large areas remain almost entirely unmapped: One in southwestern Alaska, between Cook Inlet and the lower Kuskokwim, and the others in northern Alaska, embracing the Arctic watershed east and west of the Colville River. Nearly all the surveys of the interior, however, have been of a preliminary and exploratory character, and to meet the requirements of exact geography must be followed by more detailed mensuration.
\nThough the coast line has been fairly well known for more than half a century, knowledge of the interior has been gained chiefly within the last two decades. This has not yet found its way into text-books and has too often been entirely ignored by cartographers. If facts are presented which may seem elementary, it is because even well-informed people have been known to harbor misconceptions in regard to the orographic features, climate, and general character of Alaska. Those who read of the perils and privations of winter travel and explorations are apt to picture a region of ice and snow; others, again, who have personal knowledge of the tourist route of southeastern Alaska, regard the whole district as one of rugged mountains and glaciers. In point of fact, glaciers are now nearly limited to the ranges bordering the Pacific and to the two slopes of the Alaska range; and even during the greatest development of glaciers but a small portion of Alaska was under ice (see map, PI. XXII).
\nAs a treatise on geography would hardly be complete without some discussion of the climate, meteorologic data have been compiled by Mr. Cleveland Abbe, jr., but the discussion of this does not pretend to be more than a cursory treatment of the subject.
\nThe scope of the paper seems to require also a brief summary of the development of geographic knowledge of Alaska. This subject, with its many ramifications, is of fascinating interest and offers a magnificent field for the trained historian. If the accompanying sketch of discovery and exploration awakens any measure of popular interest the writer will feel amply rewarded for having attacked a theme which hardly falls within the scope of his investigations.
\nWhen this compilation was begun it was intended to be chiefly a description of the topography of Alaska, as illustrated by the accompanying map (PI. XXXIV, in pocket), which was compiled under the direction of the late R. U. Goode. In the course of the work there accumulated much geologic as well as geographic material which seemed worthy of inclusion in the report. As no comprehensive statement of the geology of Alaska has been made since the modern epoch of investigation was begun, an attempt will be made to give a summary of all results achieved. Since the writer has obtained much of his knowledge of the facts from the work of others, he disclaims any pretense of making an entirely original contribution to geologic science. He feels, however, that a personal familiarity with a considerable part of the province, gained during seven consecutive seasons of field work, will justify Mm in presenting conclusions which may in some cases be at variance with those in the reports on which he must draw for his facts.
\nThroughout this report attempt will be made to credit borrowed material to the source from which it is drawn. Where such matter has been obtained entirely from published reports there is no difficulty in so doing; but as regards investigators of the Geological Survey, with whom the writer has collaborated both in field and in office, the case is somewhat different, for it is not always possible to know whether this or that theory originated with the writer or with one of his colleagues. It will, then, perhaps suffice to state that this report could not have been prepared without the explorations and researches of the geologists, F. C. Schrader, Walter C. Mendenhall, Arthur J. Collier, J. E. Spurr, and Arthur C. Spencer; and the surveys of the topographers, T. G. Gerdine, D. C. Witherspoon, D. L. Reaburn, W. J. Peters, and E. C. Barnard. Each of these men, in the course of from two to six years of field work, has made important contributions to the knowledge of the geography and geology of Alaska, and not all of these results have yet been put in print. In the last season (1903) L. M. Prindle, C. W. Wright, Arthur Hollick, G. C. Martin, F. L. Hess, and Fred H. Moffit have carried on geologic work in Alaska, and the writer has made use of their work now in course of publication. He has also been fortunate in having access to the manuscript reports of Walter C. Mendenhall and F. C. Schrader on the Copper River basin, to which references will be made. The matter here presented should be credited in a measure to all of these investigators, but for many of the theories advanced the writer alone is responsible.
\nAs this manuscript goes to press there has been opportunity to incorporate some of the results of the field work of 1904. As far as possible these have been embodied in the text, but in some instances it has been found advisable to add them only as footnotes. During the past summer F. E. and C. W. Wright extended the geologic reconnaissance in southeastern Alaska. In southwestern Alaska G. C. Martin and T. W. Stanton have determined the general Mesozoic section, while F. H. Moffit has made a reconnaissance of the northern part of the Kenai Peninsula. A. J. Collier has mapped the geology of the Cape Lisburne region, and L. M. Prindle and F. L. Hess have made contributions to the knowledge of the metamorphic terranes of the Yukon-Tanana district.
\nIt is the writer's purpose to describe in nontechnical language the larger geographic features and discuss their relation as far as the data available will permit. In the treatment of the geology, however, less effort will be made to make the matter acceptable to the lay reader. It is hoped, however, that a brief summary of the salient features of the geologic history' may be not without interest to the general public. If this paper serves in some measure to dispel the popular fallacies regarding Alaska and to disseminate more accurate knowledge of its geographic and geologic features, the purpose of its publication will be accomplished.
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