We used morphological and molecular data to infer the identity and origin of frogs in the genus Fejervarya that have been introduced to the island of Guam. Mensural and meristic data were collected from 96 specimens from throughout their range on the island and a principal component analysis was used to investigate the distribution of these data in morphological space. We also amplified a fragment of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid mitochondrial gene from 27 of these specimens and compared it to 63 published sequences of Fejervarya and the morphologically similar Zakerana. All examined Fejervarya from Guam are morphologically indistinguishable and share an identical haplotype. The molecular data identify them as Fejervarya cancrivora with a haplotype identical to F. cancrivora from Taiwan.
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This creates special problems in terms of extracting their data to use with a modern database. This research focuses on some problems and uncertainties associated with conflating older geologic maps in regions where modern geologic maps are, as yet, non-existent as well as vertically integrating the conflated maps with layers of modern GIS data (in this case, The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey). Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri was chosen as the test area. It is covered by six archived geologic maps constructed in the years between 1928 and 1994. Conflating these maps results in a map that is internally consistent with these six maps, is digitally integrated with hydrography, elevation and orthoimagery data, and has a 95% confidence interval useful for further data set integration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","doi":"10.5539/jgg.v8n1p28","usgsCitation":"Shoberg, T.G., 2016, Conflation and integration of archived geologic maps and associated uncertainties: Journal of Geography and Geology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 28-40, https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v8n1p28.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071720","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v8n1p28","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b5e4b07657d19feffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoberg, Thomas G. 0000-0003-0173-1246 tshoberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-1246","contributorId":3764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoberg","given":"Thomas","email":"tshoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170107,"text":"70170107 - 2016 - Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T10:57:35","indexId":"70170107","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2015","docAbstract":"Acoustic surveys were conducted in late summer/early fall during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2015 to estimate pelagic prey fish biomass in Lake Michigan. Midwater trawling during the surveys as well as target strength provided a measure of species and size composition of the fish community for use in scaling acoustic data and providing species-specific abundance estimates. The 2015 survey consisted of 27 acoustic transects (580 km total) and 31 midwater trawl tows. Four additional transects were sampled in Green Bay but were not included in lakewide estimates. Mean prey fish biomass was 4.2 kg/ha [20.3 kilotonnes (kt = 1,000 metric tons)], equivalent to 44.8 million pounds, which was 36% lower than in 2014 (31.7 kt) and 17% of the long-term (20 years) mean. The numeric density of the 2015 alewife yearclass was 25% of the time series average and nearly 9 times the 2014 density. This year-class contributed 8% of total alewife biomass (3.4 kg/ha). In 2015, alewife comprised 82.5% of total prey fish biomass, while rainbow smelt and bloater were <1% and 16.9% of total biomass, respectively. Rainbow smelt biomass in 2015 (0.02 kg/ha) was 74% lower than in 2014, <1% of the long-term mean, and lower than in any previous year. Bloater biomass in 2015 was 0.7 kg/ha and 8% of the long-term mean. Mean density of small bloater in 2015 (489 fish/ha) was slightly lower than peak values observed in 2008-2009 but was more than three times the time series mean (142 fish/ha).
","largerWorkTitle":"Compiled reports to the Great Lake Fishery Commission of the annual bottom trawl and acoustics surveys, 2015","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Science Center","usgsCitation":"Warner, D.M., Claramunt, R., Farha, S., Hanson, D., Desorcie, T.J., and O’Brien, T.P., 2016, Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2015, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-073971","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4ee4b0c3010a8087cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farha, Steve A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steve A.","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Dale","contributorId":43676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168808,"text":"70168808 - 2016 - The value of earth observations: methods and findings on the value of Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-24T11:47:11","indexId":"70168808","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The value of earth observations: methods and findings on the value of Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"Data from Earth observation systems are used extensively in managing and monitoring natural resources, natural hazards, and the impacts of climate change, but the value of such data can be difficult to estimate, particularly when it is available at no cost. Assessing the socioeconomic and scientific value of these data provides a better understanding of the existing and emerging research, science, and applications related to this information and contributes to the decision making process regarding current and future Earth observation systems. Recent USGS research on Landsat data has advanced the literature in this area by using a variety of methods to estimate value. The results of a 2012 survey of Landsat users, a 2013 requirements assessment, and 2013 case studies of applications of Landsat imagery are discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Communicating climate-change and natural hazard risk and cultivating resilience","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing Switzerland","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_14","usgsCitation":"Miller, H., Serbina, L.O., Richardson, L.A., Ryker, S.J., and Newman, T., 2016, The value of earth observations: methods and findings on the value of Landsat imagery, chap. of Communicating climate-change and natural hazard risk and cultivating resilience, p. 223-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_14.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"237","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060929","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318540,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-20161-0_14"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571dee2de4b071321fe56433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Holly M. 0000-0003-0914-7570 millerh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7570","contributorId":4577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Holly M.","email":"millerh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serbina, Larisa O. lserbina@usgs.gov","contributorId":5474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serbina","given":"Larisa","email":"lserbina@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Leslie A. lrichardson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Leslie","email":"lrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryker, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1004-5611 sryker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5611","contributorId":4100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"Sarah","email":"sryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Timothy R. 0000-0001-7331-6098 tnewman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-6098","contributorId":4107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tnewman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176424,"text":"70176424 - 2016 - The international scale of the groundwater issue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:40:42","indexId":"70176424","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The international scale of the groundwater issue","docAbstract":"Throughout history, and throughout the world, groundwater has been a major source of water for sustaining human life. Use of this resource has increased dramatically over the last century. In many areas of the world, the balance between human and ecosystem needs is difficult to maintain. Understanding the international scale of the groundwater issue requires metrics and analysis at a commensurate scale. Advances in remote sensing supplement older traditional direct measurement methods for understanding the magnitude of depletion, and all measurements motivate the need for common data standards to collect and share information. In addition to metrics of groundwater availability, four key international groundwater issues are depletion of water, degradation of water quality, the water-energy nexus, and transboundary water conflicts. This chapter is devoted to introducing these issues, which are also discussed in more detail in later chapters.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated groundwater management","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_2","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Arshad, M., 2016, The international scale of the groundwater issue, chap. of Integrated groundwater management, p. 21-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_2.","productDescription":"28 p. ","startPage":"21","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-057780","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328594,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-23576-9_2"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c2e4b01ccd54fddfc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":174604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arshad, Muhammad","contributorId":173852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arshad","given":"Muhammad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17939,"text":"The Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169275,"text":"70169275 - 2016 - Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T12:56:14","indexId":"70169275","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird","docAbstract":"Small solar-powered satellite transmitters and GPS data loggers enable continuous, multi-year, and global tracking of birds. What is lacking, however, are reliable methods to attach these tracking devices to small migratory birds so that (1) flight performance is not impacted and (2) tags are retained during periods of substantial mass change associated with long-distance migration. We developed a full-body harness to attach tags to Red Knots (Calidris canutus), a medium-sized shorebird (average mass 124 g) that undertakes long-distance migrations. First, we deployed dummy tags on captive birds and monitored them over a complete migratory fattening cycle (February–July 2013) during which time they gained and lost 31–110 g and underwent a pre-alternate moult of body feathers. Using each individual’s previous year fattening and moult data in captivity as controls, we compared individual mass and moult differences between years between the tagged and reference groups, and concluded that the attachment did not impact mass and moult cycles. However, some birds shed feathers under the tags and under the polyester harness line commonly used in avian harnesses. Feather shedding was alleviated by switching to smoothed-bottom tags and monofilament harness lines. To field-trial this design, we deployed 5-g satellite transmitters on ten Red Knots released on 3 October 2013 in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bird movements and tag performance appeared normal. However, nine tags stopped transmitting 11–170 days post-release which was earlier than expected. We attribute this to bird mortality rather than failure of the attachments or transmitters and suggest that the extra weight and drag caused by the tag and its feather-blocking shield increased the chance of depredation by the locally common Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus). Our results demonstrate that species- and place-specific contexts can strongly determine tagging success. While captive trials are an important first step in developing an attachment method, field trials are essential to fully assess attachment designs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10336-015-1276-4","usgsCitation":"Chan, Y., Brugge, M., Tibbitts, T.L., Dekinga, A., Porter, R., Klaassen, R.H., and Piersma, T., 2016, Testing an attachment method for solar-powered tracking devices on a long-distance migrating shorebird: Journal of Ornithology, v. 157, no. 1, p. 277-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1276-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059681","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1276-4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Wadden Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 4.21875,\n 52.93539665862318\n ],\n [\n 4.21875,\n 56.108810038002154\n ],\n [\n 9.38232421875,\n 56.108810038002154\n ],\n [\n 9.38232421875,\n 52.93539665862318\n ],\n [\n 4.21875,\n 52.93539665862318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"157","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fd3e4b0f59b85e1ebd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Ying-Chi","contributorId":167762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Ying-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24822,"text":"Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brugge, Martin","contributorId":167763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brugge","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24822,"text":"Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":623428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porter, Ron","contributorId":93993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaassen, Raymond H. G.","contributorId":167764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaassen","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"H. G.","affiliations":[{"id":24823,"text":"Animal Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70180371,"text":"70180371 - 2016 - Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:41:14","indexId":"70180371","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015","docAbstract":"Key Results\r\n\r\nThis report presents potentiometric-surface maps of the Aquia and Magothy aquifers and the Upper Patapsco, Lower Patapsco, and Patuxent aquifer systems using water levels measured during September 2015. Water-level difference maps are also presented for these aquifers. The water-level differences in the Aquia aquifer are shown using groundwater-level data from 1982 and 2015, while the water-level differences are shown for the Magothy aquifer using data from 1975 and 2015. Water-level difference maps for both the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems are shown using data from 1990 and 2015. The water-level differences in the Patuxent aquifer system are shown using groundwater-level data from 2007 and 2015.\r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface maps show water levels ranging from 53 feet above sea level to 164 feet below sea level in the Aquia aquifer, from 86 feet above sea level to 106 feet below sea level in the Magothy aquifer, from 115 feet above sea level to 115 feet below sea level in the Upper Patapsco aquifer system, from 106 feet above sea level to 194 feet below sea level in the Lower Patapsco aquifer system, and from 165 feet above sea level to 171 feet below sea level in the Patuxent aquifer system. Water levels have declined by as much as 116 feet in the Aquia aquifer since 1982, 99 feet in the Magothy aquifer since 1975, 66 and 83 feet in the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems, respectively, since 1990, and 80 feet in the Patuxent aquifer system since 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"Maryland Geological Survey","collaboration":"Maryland Geological Survey; Maryland Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Staley, A.W., and Andreasen, D.C., 2016, Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015, iii., 30 p. .","productDescription":"iii., 30 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-077192","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334236,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mgs.md.gov/publications/report_pages/OFR_16-02-02.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staley, Andrew W.","contributorId":178867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":178868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176570,"text":"70176570 - 2016 - A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T16:20:15","indexId":"70176570","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes","docAbstract":"Salt marsh losses have been documented worldwide because of land use change, wave erosion, and sea-level rise. It is still unclear how resistant salt marshes are to extreme storms and whether they can survive multiple events without collapsing. Based on a large dataset of salt marsh lateral erosion rates collected around the world, here, we determine the general response of salt marsh boundaries to wave action under normal and extreme weather conditions. As wave energy increases, salt marsh response to wind waves remains linear, and there is not a critical threshold in wave energy above which salt marsh erosion drastically accelerates. We apply our general formulation for salt marsh erosion to historical wave climates at eight salt marsh locations affected by hurricanes in the United States. Based on the analysis of two decades of data, we find that violent storms and hurricanes contribute less than 1% to long-term salt marsh erosion rates. In contrast, moderate storms with a return period of 2.5 mo are those causing the most salt marsh deterioration. Therefore, salt marshes seem more susceptible to variations in mean wave energy rather than changes in the extremes. The intrinsic resistance of salt marshes to violent storms and their predictable erosion rates during moderate events should be taken into account by coastal managers in restoration projects and risk management plans.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1510095112","usgsCitation":"Leonardi, N., Ganju, N., and Fagherazzi, S., 2016, A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 1, p. 64-68, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510095112.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-065113","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510095112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6e6e4b0bc0bec09cbdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonardi, Nicoletta","contributorId":174783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonardi","given":"Nicoletta","affiliations":[{"id":27508,"text":"Dept of Earth and Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":140088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagherazzi, Sergio","contributorId":89282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagherazzi","given":"Sergio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174981,"text":"70174981 - 2016 - Synthesis of juvenile lamprey migration and passage research and monitoring at Columbia and Snake River Dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:16:32","indexId":"70174981","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Synthesis of juvenile lamprey migration and passage research and monitoring at Columbia and Snake River Dams","docAbstract":"We compiled and summarized previous sources of data and research results related to the presence, numbers, and migration timing characteristics of juvenile (eyed macropthalmia) and larval (ammocoetes) Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus, in the Columbia River basin (CRB). Included were data from various screw trap collections, data from historic fyke net studies, catch records of lampreys at JBS facilities, turbine cooling water strainer collections, and information on the occurrence of lampreys in the diets of avian and piscine predators. We identified key data gaps and uncertainties that should be addressed in a juvenile lamprey passage research program. The goal of this work was to summarize information from disparate sources so that managers can use it to prioritize and guide future research and monitoring efforts related to the downstream migration of juvenile Pacific lamprey within the CRB.\r\n\r\nA common finding in all datasets was the high level of variation observed for CRB lamprey in numbers present, timing and spatial distribution. This will make developing monitoring programs to accurately characterize lamprey migrations and passage more challenging. Primary data gaps centered around our uncertainty on the numbers of juvenile and larval present in the system which affects the ability to assign risk to passage conditions and prioritize management actions. Recommendations include developing standardized monitoring methods, such as at juvenile bypass systems (JBS’s), to better document numbers and timing of lamprey migrations at dams, and use biotelemetry tracking techniques to estimate survival potentials for different migration histories.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","collaboration":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Weiland, L.K., and Christiansen, H.E., 2016, Synthesis of juvenile lamprey migration and passage research and monitoring at Columbia and Snake River Dams, 61 p.","productDescription":"61 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056750","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325617,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/idahofro/reports/Journals/Juvenile%20lamprey%20data%20synthesis%20Jan16.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c2e4b01ccd54fddfc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiland, Lisa K. 0000-0002-9729-4062 lweiland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-4062","contributorId":3565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"Lisa","email":"lweiland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, Helena E. hchristiansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Helena","email":"hchristiansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":643496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180405,"text":"70180405 - 2016 - Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:23:59","indexId":"70180405","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","docAbstract":"Strategic planning is increasingly recognized as necessary for providing the greatest possible conservation benefits for restoration efforts. Rigorous, science-based resource assessment, combined with acknowledgement of broader basin trends, provides a solid foundation for determining effective projects. It is equally important that methods used to prioritize conservation investments are simple and practical enough that they can be implemented in a timely manner and by a variety of resource managers. With the help of local and regional natural resource professionals, we have developed a broad-scale, spatially-explicit assessment of 146 miles (~20,000 acres) of the Colorado River mainstem in Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah that will function as the basis for a systematic, practical approach to conservation planning and riparian restoration prioritization. For the assessment we have: 1) acquired, modified or created spatial datasets of Colorado River bottomland conditions; 2) synthesized those datasets into habitat suitability models and estimates of natural recovery potential, fire risk and relative cost; 3) investigated and described dominant ecosystem trends and human uses, and; 4) suggested site selection and prioritization approaches. Partner organizations (The Nature Conservancy, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management and Utah Forestry Fire and State Lands) are using the assessment and datasets to identify and prioritize a suite of restoration actions to increase ecosystem resilience and improve habitat for bottomland species. Primary datasets include maps of bottomland cover types, bottomland extent, maps of areas inundated during high and low flow events, as well as locations of campgrounds, roads, fires, invasive vegetation treatment areas and other features. Assessment of conditions and trends in the project area entailed: 1) assemblage of existing data on geology, changes in stream flow, and predictions of future conditions; 2) identification of fish and wildlife species present and grouping species into Conservation Elements (CEs) based on habitat needs, and: 3) acquisition, review and creation of spatial datasets characterizing vegetation, fluvial geomorphic and human features within the bottomland. Interpretation of aerial imagery and assimilation of pre-existing spatial data were central to our efforts in characterizing resources conditions. Detailed maps of vegetation and channel habitat features in the project area were generated from true color, high resolution (0.3m) imagery flown September 16, 2010. We also mapped channel habitat features at high flow on 1.0-m resolution, publicly available, true color imagery. We obtained additional layers such as land ownership, roads, fire history, non-native vegetation treatment areas, and recreational use features from public sources and project partners. Habitat suitability models were created for groups of terrestrial species by combining spatial datasets with the habitat needs of conservation elements, guided by literature, where available, and extensive use of expert knowledge. Conservation elements for endangered fish species life stages were identified but not modeled. Terrestrial CE’s included: • Riparian Overstory -yellow-billed cuckoo, Bullock’s oriole, black-headed grosbeak, blue grosbeak, warbling vireo, Cooper's hawk, screech owl, saw-whet owl, and bald eagle, (best: tall trees, dense canopy, diverse shrub understory, no tamarisk); • Riparian Understory - southwestern willow flycatcher, common yellowthroat, yellow warbler, yellow-breasted chat, beaver, northern river otter, black-necked garter snake, (best: dense mesic shrubs near still water, no tamarisk); • Bat Feeding - Allen's big-eared bat, Townsend's big-eared bat, fringed myotis, Yuma myotis, big free-tailed bat, spotted bat (best: diverse vegetation, close to still water); • Bat Watering - big free-tailed and spotted bats (best: still water with no tall vegetation); •
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Mesa University","usgsCitation":"Christine Rasmussen, and Shafroth, P.B., 2016, Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah, 94 p. .","productDescription":"94 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-079063","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coloradomesa.edu/water-center/documents/rasmussen_shaftroth_2016_watercenter_cmu.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ],\n [\n -109.3304443359375,\n 38.94659331893374\n ],\n [\n -109.79187011718749,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -110.489501953125,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -110.269775390625,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christine Rasmussen","contributorId":178920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christine Rasmussen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176638,"text":"70176638 - 2016 - Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T16:00:51","indexId":"70176638","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?","docAbstract":"The Canada Basin and the southern Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex underlie a significant proportion of the Arctic Ocean, but the geology of this undrilled and mostly ice-covered frontier is poorly known. New information is encoded in seismic wide-angle reflections and refractions recorded with expendable sonobuoys between 2007 and 2011. Velocity–depth samples within the sedimentary succession are extracted from published analyses for 142 of these records obtained at irregularly spaced stations across an area of 1.9E + 06 km2. The samples are modelled at regional, subregional and station-specific scales using an exponential function of inverse velocity versus depth with regionally representative parameters determined through numerical regression. With this approach, smooth, non-oscillatory velocity–depth profiles can be generated for any desired location in the study area, even where the measurement density is low. Practical application is demonstrated with a map of sedimentary thickness, derived from seismic reflection horizons interpreted in the time domain and depth converted using the velocity–depth profiles for each seismic trace. A thickness of 12–13 km is present beneath both the upper Mackenzie fan and the middle slope off of Alaska, but the sedimentary prism thins more gradually outboard of the latter region. Mapping of the observed-to-predicted velocities reveals coherent geospatial trends associated with five subregions: the Mackenzie fan; the continental slopes beyond the Mackenzie fan; the abyssal plain; the southwestern Canada Basin; and, the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Comparison of the subregional velocity–depth models with published borehole data, and interpretation of the station-specific best-fitting model parameters, suggests that sandstone is not a predominant lithology in any of the five subregions. However, the bulk sand-to-shale ratio likely increases towards the Mackenzie fan, and the model for this subregion compares favourably with borehole data for Miocene turbidites in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The station-specific results also indicate that Quaternary sediments coarsen towards the Beaufort-Mackenzie and Banks Island margins in a manner that is consistent with the variable history of Laurentide Ice Sheet advance documented for these margins. Lithological factors do not fully account for the elevated velocity–depth trends that are associated with the southwestern Canada Basin and the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Accelerated porosity reduction due to elevated palaeo-heat flow is inferred for these regions, which may be related to the underlying crustal types or possibly volcanic intrusion of the sedimentary succession. Beyond exploring the variation of an important physical property in the Arctic Ocean basin, this study provides comparative reference for global studies of seismic velocity, burial history, sedimentary compaction, seismic inversion and overpressure prediction, particularly in mudrock-dominated successions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv416","usgsCitation":"Shimeld, J., Li, Q., Chian, D., Lebedeva-Ivanova, N., Jackson, R., Mosher, D., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2016, Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?: Geophysical Journal International, v. 204, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv416.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-064703","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6e6e4b0bc0bec09cbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shimeld, John","contributorId":146869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Qingmou","contributorId":174893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Qingmou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chian, Deping","contributorId":174894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chian","given":"Deping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina","contributorId":146870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedeva-Ivanova","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Ruth","contributorId":36799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mosher, David","contributorId":174895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182565,"text":"70182565 - 2016 - Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:41:34","indexId":"70182565","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","docAbstract":"The ONSR is a karst park, containing many springs and caves. The “jewels” of the park are large springs, several of first magnitude, that contribute significantly to the flow and water quality of the Current River and its tributaries. Completion of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping of the park and surrounding river basin, along with synthesis of published hydrologic data, allows us to examine the spatial relationships between the springs and the geologic framework to develop a conceptual model for genesis of these springs. Based on their similarity to mapped spring conduits, many of the caves in the ONSR are fossil conduit segments. Therefore, geologic control on the evolution of the springs also applies to speleogenesis in this part of the southern Missouri Ozarks.
Large springs occur in the ONSR area because: (1) the Ozark aquifer, from which they rise, is chiefly dolomite affected by solution via various processes over a long time period, (2) Paleozoic hypogenic fluid migration through these rocks exploited and enhanced flow-paths, (3) a consistent and low regional dip of the rocks off of the Salem Plateau (less than 2° to the southeast) allows integration of flow into large groundwater basins with a few discreet outlets, (4) the springs are located where the rivers have cut down into structural highs, allowing access to water from stratigraphic units deeper in the aquifer thus allowing development of springsheds that have volumetrically larger storage than smaller springs higher in the section, and (5) quartz sandstone and bedded chert in the carbonate stratigraphic succession that are locally to regionally continuous, serve as aquitards that locally confine groundwater up dip of the springs creating artesian conditions. This subhorizontal partitioning of the Ozark aquifer allows contributing areas for different springs to overlap, as evidenced by dye traces that cross adjacent groundwater basin boundaries, and possibly contributes to alternate flow routes under different groundwater flow regimes.
A better understanding of the 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for the large spring systems in the ONSR allows more precise mapping of the contributing areas for those springs, will guide future studies of groundwater flow paths, and inform development of groundwater resource management strategies for the park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GSA Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"2016","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America ","doi":"10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., and Orndorff, R.C., 2016, Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO , 2016, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679.","ipdsId":"IP-082624","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174295,"text":"70174295 - 2016 - Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T09:53:31","indexId":"70174295","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2015","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Lake Erie Biological Station (LEBS) successfully completed large vessel surveys in all three of Lake Erie’s basins. Lake Erie Biological Station’s primary vessel surveys included the Western Basin Forage Fish Assessment and East Harbor Fish Community Assessment as well as contributing to the cooperative multi-agency Central Basin Hydroacoustics Assessment, the Eastern Basin Coldwater Community Assessment, and Lower Trophic Level Assessment (see Forage and Coldwater Task Group reports). In 2015, LEBS also initiated a Lake Erie Central Basin Trawling survey in response to the need for forage fish data from Management Unit 3 (as defined by the Yellow Perch Task Group). Results from these surveys contribute to Lake Erie Committee Fish Community Goals and Objectives. Our 2015 vessel operations were initiated in early April and continued into late November. During this time, crews of the R/V Muskie and R/V Bowfin deployed 121 bottom trawls covering 83.2 ha of lake-bottom and catching 105,600 fish totaling 4,065 kg during four separate trawl surveys in the western and central basins of Lake Erie. We deployed and lifted 9.5 km of gillnet, which caught an additional 805 fish, 100 (337 kg) of which were the native coldwater predators Lake Trout, Burbot, and Lake Whitefish (these data are reported in the 2016 Coldwater Task Group report). We also conducted 317 km of hydroacoustic survey transects (reported in the 2016 Forage Task Group report), collected 114 lower trophic (i.e. zooplankton and benthos) samples, and obtained 216 water quality observations (e.g., temperature profiles, and water samples). The LEBS also assisted CLC member agencies with the maintenance and expansion of GLATOS throughout all three Lake Erie sub-basins. Within the following report sections, we describe results from three trawl surveys – the spring and autumn Western Basin Forage Fish Assessment and the East Harbor Forage Fish Assessment – and the Lower Trophic Level Assessment conducted in 2015, and examine trends in the fish community structure and trophic status of Lake Erie. Results of our central basin trawl survey are reported in the 2016 Yellow Perch Task Group report.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bodamer Scarbro, B.L., Edwards, W., Kocovsky, P.M., Kraus, R.T., Rogers, M.R., Schoonyan, A., and Stewart, T.R., 2016, Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2015, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074455","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Report of the Lake Erie Biological Station (LEBS) to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission at the Annual Meeting of Lake Committees, Niagara, Ontario.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c4e4b0f497e78fca6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodamer Scarbro, Betsy L. 0000-0002-9022-7027 bbodamerscarbro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-7027","contributorId":5857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodamer Scarbro","given":"Betsy","email":"bbodamerscarbro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, W.H.","contributorId":43718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, M. R.","contributorId":176024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoonyan, A. L.","contributorId":176025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoonyan","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, T. R.","contributorId":176026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178095,"text":"70178095 - 2016 - Integrated modeling approach for fate and transport of submerged oil and oil-particle aggregates in a freshwater riverine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:34:57","indexId":"70178095","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrated modeling approach for fate and transport of submerged oil and oil-particle aggregates in a freshwater riverine environment","docAbstract":"The Enbridge Line 6B pipeline release of diluted bitumen into the Kalamazoo River downstream of Marshall, Michigan, U.S.A., in July 2010 was one of the largest oil spills into freshwater in North American history. A portion of the oil interacted with river sediment and submerged requiring the development and implementation of new approaches for detection and recovery of oil mixed with river sediment. Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling became an integral part of containment and recovery operations for decision support about the potential fate and migration of submerged oil and oiled sediment. Three models were developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to cover a range of spatial scales of interest to onsite operations. Two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic and sediment transport models from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and the sediment bed model SEDZLJ1 were used to simulate potential resuspension, migration, and deposition of submerged oil and oiled sediment along a 38-mile reach of the Kalamazoo River affected by the oil from Marshall to Kalamazoo. An algorithm was added to SEDZLJ to represent three additional particle size classes of oilparticle aggregates (OPAs) with a range of sizes, specific gravities, and settling velocities. Field and laboratory experiments and flume tests were done to support the numerical modeling of OPAs. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate hydrodynamics and OPA tracking through Morrow Lake, the most downstream impoundment. This model incorporated wind and dam operations into high and low flow, lake drawdown, and containment simulations. Finally, a 2D unstructured grid model, HydroSed2D, was used to simulate flows and sediment transport along 1- to 2-mile segments of the Kalamazoo River around islands and through side channels and backwater areas that are particularly prone to submerged oil deposition.
Integrated models could be developed quickly due to the availability of information and services combined with spill response operations that included: bathymetry and topography data, fieldbased geomorphic mapping of submerged oil, and discharge measured at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gauges. Modeling results were included in a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach that was used by the Federal On-Scene Coordinator and operations staff for decision-making related to assessment and recovery of submerged oil, as well as net environmental benefit analysis. Similar modeling approaches will likely be useful for future oil spills in riverine environments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Interagency Subcommittees on Hydrology (SOH) and Sedimentation (SOS) under the Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI)","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Johnson, R., Zhu, Z., Waterman, D., McCulloch, R.D., Hayter, E., Garcia, M., Boufadel, M., Dekker, T., Hassan, J.S., Soong, D., Hoard, C.J., and Lee, K., 2016, Integrated modeling approach for fate and transport of submerged oil and oil-particle aggregates in a freshwater riverine environment, in Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1783-1794.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1783","endPage":"1794","ipdsId":"IP-060868","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330649,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/index.html"},{"id":339575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kalamazoo River","publicComments":"Extended title: \"Proceedings of the 5th federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference and the 10th federal interagency sedimentation conference\"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edba76e4b0eed1ab8c6f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Rex","contributorId":104374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhenduo","contributorId":83828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhenduo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waterman, David","contributorId":143664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waterman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCulloch, Richard D.","contributorId":190762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCulloch","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayter, Earl","contributorId":143665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayter","given":"Earl","affiliations":[{"id":15290,"text":"USACE, Coastal and Hydraulic Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boufadel, Michel C.","contributorId":176576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boufadel","given":"Michel C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dekker, Timothy","contributorId":143666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dekker","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15291,"text":"Limno Tech, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hassan, Jacob S.","contributorId":143668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassan","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15293,"text":"USEPA Region V","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Soong, David T. dsoong@usgs.gov","contributorId":169268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","email":"dsoong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70171244,"text":"70171244 - 2016 - Volcanogenic massive sulphide and orogenic gold deposits of northern southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T12:33:34","indexId":"70171244","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Volcanogenic massive sulphide and orogenic gold deposits of northern southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"This five-day field trip visits the most significant mineral deposits in northern southeast Alaska. The trip begins and ends with regional transects in the interior Intermontane terranes around Whitehorse, Yukon, and the Insular terranes along the northern Chatham Strait region of southeast Alaska (Fig. A-1 and Fig. A-2; Plate-1). To put the deposits in a regional tectonic framework, the guidebook begins with an introduction to northern Cordilleran geology, tectonics and metallogeny. The foci of the deposit portion of the field trip are Late Triassic volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits of the Alexander Triassic metallogenic belt and Paleogene orogenic gold deposits of the Juneau gold belt. Details of the local geology are further elaborated in each segment of the guide book (Days 1-5). The data that provide the basis for the VMS deposit interpretations come from a series of PhD and MSc studies by the Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposit Research (CODES) at the University of Tasmania and the University of Ottawa. These deposit-scale studies are complimented by a long history of regional mapping and research by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
","language":"English","publisher":"Yukon Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sack, P.J., Karl, S.M., Steeves, N., and Gemmell, J., 2016, Volcanogenic massive sulphide and orogenic gold deposits of northern southeast Alaska, Report: 78 p.; 1 Plate: 43.0 x 42.0 inches.","productDescription":"Report: 78 p.; 1 Plate: 43.0 x 42.0 inches","numberOfPages":"82","ipdsId":"IP-075081","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://data.geology.gov.yk.ca/Reference/78493"}],"publicComments":"Guidebook for the Whitehorse 2016 Annual conference of the Geological Association of Canada (GAC) - Mineralogical Association of Canada (MAC)","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8cee4b0b7ea545240ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sack, Patrick J","contributorId":169625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sack","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":25565,"text":"Yukon Geological Survey, Whitehorse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeves, Nathan","contributorId":169626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steeves","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25566,"text":"Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gemmell, J Bruce","contributorId":169627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gemmell","given":"J Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":25566,"text":"Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173788,"text":"70173788 - 2016 - Wildfire may increase habitat quality for spring Chinook salmon in the Wenatchee River subbasin, WA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T14:45:39","indexId":"70173788","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire may increase habitat quality for spring Chinook salmon in the Wenatchee River subbasin, WA, USA","docAbstract":"Pacific Northwest salmonids are adapted to natural disturbance regimes that create dynamic habitat patterns over space and through time. However, human land use, particularly long-term fire suppression, has altered the intensity and frequency of wildfire in forested upland and riparian areas. To examine the potential impacts of wildfire on aquatic systems, we developed stream-reach-scale models of freshwater habitat for three life stages (adult, egg/fry, and juvenile) of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River subbasin, Washington. We used variables representing pre- and post-fire habitat conditions and employed novel techniques to capture changes in in-stream fine sediment, wood, and water temperature. Watershed-scale comparisons of high-quality habitat for each life stage of spring Chinook salmon habitat suggested that there are smaller quantities of high-quality juvenile overwinter habitat as compared to habitat for other life stages. We found that wildfire has the potential to increase quality of adult and overwintering juvenile habitat through increased delivery of wood, while decreasing the quality of egg and fry habitat due to the introduction of fine sediments. Model results showed the largest effect of fire on habitat quality associated with the juvenile life stage, resulting in increases in high-quality habitat in all watersheds. Due to the limited availability of pre-fire high-quality juvenile habitat, and increased habitat quality for this life stage post-fire, occurrence of characteristic wildfires would likely create a positive effect on spring Chinook salmon habitat in the Wenatchee River subbasin. We also compared pre- and post-fire model results of freshwater habitat for each life stage, and for the geometric mean of habitat quality across all life stages, using current compared to the historic distribution of spring Chinook salmon. We found that spring Chinook salmon are currently distributed in stream channels in which in-stream habitat for most life stages has a consistently positive response to fire. This compares to the historic distribution of spring Chinook, in which in-stream habitat exhibited a variable response to fire, including decreases in habitat quality overall or for specific life stages. This suggests that as the distribution of spring Chinook has decreased, they now occupy those areas with the most positive potential response to fire. Our work shows the potentially positive link between wildfire and aquatic habitat that supports forest managers in setting broader goals for fire management, perhaps leading to less fire suppression in some situations.
\n\n
Increasing clarity of Delta waters, the emergence of harmful algal blooms, the proliferation of aquatic water weeds, and the altered food web of the Delta have brought nutrient dynamics to the forefront. This paper focuses on the sources of nutrients, the transformation and uptake of nutrients, and the links of nutrients to primary producers. The largest loads of nutrients to the Delta come from the Sacramento River with the San Joaquin River seasonally important, especially in the summer. Nutrient concentrations reflect riverine inputs in winter and internal biological processes during periods of lower flow with internal nitrogen losses within the Delta estimated at approximately 30% annually. Light regime, grazing pressure, and nutrient availability influence rates of primary production at different times and locations within the Delta. The roles of the chemical form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in growth rates of primary producers in the Delta and the structure of the open-water algal community are currently topics of much interest and considerable debate. Harmful algal blooms have been noted since the late 1990s, and the extent of invasive aquatic macrophytes (both submerged and free-floating forms) has increased especially during years of drought. Elevated nutrient loads must be considered in terms of their ability to support this excess biomass. Modern sensor technology and networks are now deployed that make high-frequency measurements of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. Data from such instruments allow a much more detailed assessment of the spatial and temporal dynamics of nutrients. Four fruitful directions for future research include utilizing continuous sensor data to estimate rates of primary production and ecosystem respiration, linking hydrodynamic models of the Delta with the transport and fate of dissolved nutrients, studying nutrient dynamics in various habitat types, and exploring the use of stable isotopes to trace the movement and fate of effluent-derived nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art4","usgsCitation":"Dahm, C., Parker, A.E., Adelson, A.E., Christman, M.A., and Bergamaschi, B.A., 2016, Nutrient dynamics of the Delta: Effects on primary producers: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 14, no. 4, Article 4; 35 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art4.","productDescription":"Article 4; 35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099451","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 37.73053874574077\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 37.73053874574077\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 38.25112269630296\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 38.25112269630296\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 37.73053874574077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fca10e4b0f5d57878ec8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Alexander E.","contributorId":206434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37328,"text":"California State University Maritime Academy Vallejo, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adelson, Anne E.","contributorId":206435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adelson","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37329,"text":"Delta Stewardship Council Sacramento, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christman, Mairgareth A.","contributorId":206436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christman","given":"Mairgareth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37330,"text":"Delta Stewardship Council, Sacramento, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169911,"text":"70169911 - 2016 - Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-24T11:23:06","indexId":"70169911","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling","docAbstract":"In this chapter, we provide an introduction to classical distance sampling ideas for point and line transect data, and for continuous and binned distance data. We introduce the conditional and the full likelihood, and we discuss Bayesian analysis of these models in BUGS using the idea of data augmentation, which we discussed in Chapter 7. We then extend the basic ideas to the problem of hierarchical distance sampling (HDS), where we have multiple point or transect sample units in space (or possibly in time). The benefit of HDS in practice is that it allows us to directly model spatial variation in population size among these sample units. This is a preeminent concern of most field studies that use distance sampling methods, but it is not a problem that has received much attention in the literature. We show how to analyze HDS models in both the unmarked package and in the BUGS language for point and line transects, and for continuous and binned distance data. We provide a case study of HDS applied to a survey of the island scrub-jay on Santa Cruz Island, California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-801378-6.00009-6","collaboration":"Marc Kery, Swiss Ornithological Institute","usgsCitation":"Royle, A., and Kery, M., 2016, Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling, p. 393-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801378-6.00009-6.","productDescription":"69 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"461","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066805","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319596,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128013786000084"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571dee2be4b071321fe56409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":168361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196351,"text":"70196351 - 2016 - Estimating abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:48:19","indexId":"70196351","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating abundance","docAbstract":"This chapter provides a non-technical overview of ‘closed population capture–recapture’ models, a class of well-established models that are widely applied in ecology, such as removal sampling, covariate models, and distance sampling. These methods are regularly adopted for studies of reptiles, in order to estimate abundance from counts of marked individuals while accounting for imperfect detection. Thus, the chapter describes some classic closed population models for estimating abundance, with considerations for some recent extensions that provide a spatial context for the estimation of abundance, and therefore density. Finally, the chapter suggests some software for use in data analysis, such as the Windows-based program MARK, and provides an example of estimating abundance and density of reptiles using an artificial cover object survey of Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis).
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Flow 2016: Proceedings of the international conference on fluvial hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"River Flow 2016: The international conference on fluvial hydraulics","conferenceDate":"July 11-14, 2016","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"978-1-138-02913-2","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2016, Consistent and efficient processing of ADCP streamflow measurements, in River Flow 2016: Proceedings of the international conference on fluvial hydraulics, St. Louis, MO, July 11-14, 2016, p. 655-663.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"663","ipdsId":"IP-071056","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5996ab4de4b0b589267b3fca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Constantinescu, George","contributorId":174167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constantinescu","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7241,"text":"IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707900,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707901,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, Dan","contributorId":174168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanes","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12995,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707902,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162557,"text":"70162557 - 2016 - Improved geomagnetic referencing in the Arctic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T14:45:53.629471","indexId":"70162557","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improved geomagnetic referencing in the Arctic environment","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic referencing uses the Earth’s magnetic field to determine accurate wellbore positioning essential for success in today's complex drilling programs, either as an alternative or a complement to north-seeking gyroscopic referencing. However, fluctuations in the geomagnetic field, especially at high latitudes, make the application of geomagnetic referencing in those areas more challenging. Precise crustal mapping and the monitoring of real-time variations by nearby magnetic observatories is crucial to achieving the required geomagnetic referencing accuracy. The Deadhorse Magnetic Observatory (DED), located at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, has already played a vital role in the success of several commercial ventures in the area, providing essential, accurate, real-time data to the oilfield drilling industry. Geomagnetic referencing is enhanced with real-time data from DED and other observatories, and has been successfully used for accurate wellbore positioning. The availability of real-time geomagnetic measurements leads to significant cost and time savings in wellbore surveying, improving accuracy and alleviating the need for more expensive surveying techniques. The correct implementation of geomagnetic referencing is particularly critical as we approach the increased activity associated with the upcoming maximum of the 11-year solar cycle. The DED observatory further provides an important service to scientific communities engaged in studies of ionospheric, magnetospheric and space weather phenomena.
","conferenceTitle":"SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Technical Conference and Exhibition","conferenceDate":"October 15, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Moscow, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/166850-MS","usgsCitation":"Poedjono, B., Beck, N., Buchanan, A.C., Borri, L., Maus, S., Finn, C., Worthington, E.W., and White, T., 2016, Improved geomagnetic referencing in the Arctic environment, SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Technical Conference and Exhibition, Moscow, Russia, October 15, 2015, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.2118/166850-MS.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049377","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a9f847e4b012c193aa3ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poedjono, B.","contributorId":56465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poedjono","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, N.","contributorId":18995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, A. 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William 0000-0002-5879-0477 bworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-0477","contributorId":2570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"E.","email":"bworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, Tim 0000-0002-3563-0649 ttwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-0649","contributorId":2010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Tim","email":"ttwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155251,"text":"70155251 - 2016 - Kriging and local polynomial methods for blending satellite-derived and gauge precipitation estimates to support hydrologic early warning systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:10:51","indexId":"70155251","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kriging and local polynomial methods for blending satellite-derived and gauge precipitation estimates to support hydrologic early warning systems","docAbstract":"Robust estimates of precipitation in space and time are important for efficient natural resource management and for mitigating natural hazards. This is particularly true in regions with developing infrastructure and regions that are frequently exposed to extreme events. Gauge observations of rainfall are sparse but capture the precipitation process with high fidelity. Due to its high resolution and complete spatial coverage, satellite-derived rainfall data are an attractive alternative in data-sparse regions and are often used to support hydrometeorological early warning systems. Satellite-derived precipitation data, however, tend to underrepresent extreme precipitation events. Thus, it is often desirable to blend spatially extensive satellite-derived rainfall estimates with high-fidelity rain gauge observations to obtain more accurate precipitation estimates. In this research, we use two different methods, namely, ordinary kriging and κ-nearest neighbor local polynomials, to blend rain gauge observations with the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates in data-sparse Central America and Colombia. The utility of these methods in producing blended precipitation estimates at pentadal (five-day) and monthly time scales is demonstrated. We find that these blending methods significantly improve the satellite-derived estimates and are competitive in their ability to capture extreme precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2015.2502956","usgsCitation":"Verdin, A., Funk, C.C., Rajagopalan, B., and Kleiber, W., 2016, Kriging and local polynomial methods for blending satellite-derived and gauge precipitation estimates to support hydrologic early warning systems: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 5, p. 2552-2562, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2502956.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2552","endPage":"2562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056084","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333a9e4b033ef52106a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Andrew","contributorId":145812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verdin","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleiber, William","contributorId":145814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleiber","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70164494,"text":"70164494 - 2016 - Water data to answer urgent water policy questions: Monitoring design, available data, and filling data gaps for determining whether shale gas development activities contaminate surface water or groundwater in the Susquehanna River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:28:59","indexId":"70164494","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Water data to answer urgent water policy questions: Monitoring design, available data, and filling data gaps for determining whether shale gas development activities contaminate surface water or groundwater in the Susquehanna River Basin","docAbstract":"Throughout its history, the United States has made major investments in assessing natural resources, such as soils, timber, oil and gas, and water. These investments allow policy makers, the private sector and the American public to make informed decisions about cultivating, harvesting or conserving these resources to maximize their value for public welfare, environmental conservation and the economy. As policy issues evolve, new priorities and challenges arise for natural resource assessment, and new approaches to monitoring are needed. For example, new technologies for oil and gas development or alternative energy sources may present new risks for water resources both above and below ground. There is a need to evaluate whether today’s water monitoring programs are generating the information needed to answer questions surrounding these new policy priorities.
The Northeast-Midwest Institute (NEMWI), in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, initiated this project to explore the types and amounts of water data needed to address water-quality related policy questions of critical concern to today’s policy makers and whether those data are currently available. The collaborating entities identified two urgent water policy questions and conducted case studies in the Northeast-Midwest region to determine the water data needed, water data available, and the best ways to fill the data gaps relative to those questions. This report details the output from one case study and focuses on the Susquehanna River Basin, a data-rich area expected to be a best-case scenario in terms of water data availability.
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