{"pageNumber":"4380","pageRowStart":"109475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165855,"records":[{"id":70006829,"text":"70006829 - 1986 - Persistence of rotenone in ponds at different temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70006829","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:31:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of rotenone in ponds at different temperatures","docAbstract":"Two ponds were treated with liquid rotenone (5% rotenone), one with 3 mg/L at 24&deg;C and the other with 2 mg/L at 0&deg;C (concentrations of active rotenone were 0.15 and 0.10 mg/L, respectively). Water samples were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of rotenone declined to 0.02 mg/L in 48 h in warm water and in 11 d in cold water. The half-life of rotenone was calculated at 13.9 h in warm water and 83.9 h in cold water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<129:PORIPA>2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., Allen, J.L., and Dawson, V.K., 1986, Persistence of rotenone in ponds at different temperatures: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 6, no. 1, p. 129-130, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<129:PORIPA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<129:PORIPA>2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f0e4b0c8380cd783a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006486,"text":"70006486 - 1986 - Direct conversion of terpenylalkanolamines to ethylidyne <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-14T01:01:39","indexId":"70006486","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2408,"text":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct conversion of terpenylalkanolamines to ethylidyne <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds","docAbstract":"A series of mono- and diterpenylalkanolamines bearing isopropylidene functionality on the terpene group was reacted with sodium nitrite in aqueous acetic acid to yield ethylidyne <i>N</i>-nitroso analogues. The key feature of this direct conversion involved initial N-nitrosation followed by apparent elimination of a \"CH<sub>4</sub>\" unit (not necessarily methane) from the isopropylidene double bond. The product distribution data for ethylidyne nitrosamines derived from tertiary terpenyl alkanolamines reflect the conformational outcome of the nitrosative dealkylation process. For <i>&beta;</i>,<i>&gamma;</i>-unsaturated allylic diterpenylethanolamines, electronic effects appeared to be important for controlling the product distribution of ethylidyne nitrosamines in light of the highly selective <i>&alpha;</i>-cleavage observed in the nitrosation reactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/jo00364a013","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1986, Direct conversion of terpenylalkanolamines to ethylidyne <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds: Journal of Organic Chemistry, v. 51, no. 14, p. 2687-2694, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2687","endPage":"2694","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a013","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01aee4b0c8380cd4fce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006558,"text":"70006558 - 1986 - Dynamics of alewives in Lake Ontario following a mass mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T10:34:47","indexId":"70006558","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of alewives in Lake Ontario following a mass mortality","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation assessed the population of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario during 1976–1982 with bottom trawls. Alewives were abundant in 1976 but a die-off greatly reduced their numbers during the winter of 1976–1977. The population quickly recovered, however, adult abundance increasing nearly sevenfold during 1978–1981. In spring 1981 the bottom population in southern Lake Ontario was estimated to be 5.25 × 10<sup>9</sup> fish weighing 128,500 t. Estimated average alewife biomass per hectare during 1978–1982 far exceeded the estimates for either Lake Michigan during 1967–1982 or western Lake Huron during 1973–1982. Recruitment of age-II fish to the population was affected by abundance of adults in two ways: (1) the number of yearlings produced was directly related to adult abundance at low population levels but inversely related at high population levels; and (2) survival of yearlings to age II was inversely related to adult abundance. Growth in 1977 was exceptional, leaving a wide, unmistakable band on scales of the previously slow-growing adults. This wide growth zone served as a marker to identify survivors of the 1976–1977 die-off and to show that each year after 1978 a successively larger proportion of survivors was failing to grow in length or to form an annulus (54% in 1979, 96% in 1980, and 100% in 1981). There was no marker on scales of alewives recruited after the die-off, but the apparent age composition of our catches strongly suggested that most of them also failed to grow in 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<1:DOAILO>2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., and Schneider, C.P., 1986, Dynamics of alewives in Lake Ontario following a mass mortality: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<1:DOAILO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263222,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<1:DOAILO>2.0.CO;2"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76e95e4b0e93eb366ee73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006734,"text":"70006734 - 1986 - Strains of five trout species used in the management of U.S. fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T09:23:49","indexId":"70006734","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strains of five trout species used in the management of U.S. fisheries","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(86)90232-2","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Kincaid, H.L., and Berry, C.R., 1986, Strains of five trout species used in the management of U.S. fisheries: Aquaculture, v. 57, no. 1-4, p. 371-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90232-2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263402,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90232-2"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"57","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4d673e4b0e8fec6ce34f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006632,"text":"70006632 - 1986 - Disabled vets hook big ones in Uncle Sam's pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:45","indexId":"70006632","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1394,"text":"Disabled American Veterans Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disabled vets hook big ones in Uncle Sam's pond","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Disabled American Veterans Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Hall, J., and Gutsell, G., 1986, Disabled vets hook big ones in Uncle Sam's pond: Disabled American Veterans Magazine, v. Aug, p. 16-16.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"Aug","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01c6e4b0c8380cd4fd58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, J.","contributorId":66425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutsell, G.S.","contributorId":88694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutsell","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014868,"text":"70014868 - 1986 - A kinematic model of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T16:58:48.71321","indexId":"70014868","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A kinematic model of southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We propose a kinematic model for southern California based on late Quaternary slip rates and orientations of major faults in the region. Internally consistent motions are determined assuming that these faults bound rigid blocks. Relative to North America, most of California west of the San Andreas fault is moving parallel to the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges and not parallel to the motion of the Pacific plate. This is accomplished by counterclockwise rotation of California south of the San Andreas fault and by the westward movement of central California north of the Gar lock fault. The velocities of the blocks are calculated along several paths in southern California that begin in the Mojave Desert and end off the California coast. A path that crosses the western Transverse Ranges accumulates the accepted relative North America-Pacific plate velocity, whereas paths to the north and south result in a significant missing component of motion. This implies the existence of a zone of active deformation in southern California that is interpreted to include the western Transverse Ranges and northwest trending, predominately strike-slip faults close to the coast both north and south of the Transverse Ranges. Strain on this system accounts for about a third of the total North America-Pacific plate motion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC005i001p00033","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Weldon, R., and Humphreys, E., 1986, A kinematic model of southern California: Tectonics, v. 5, no. 1, p. 33-48, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC005i001p00033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.95429455591723,\n              36.479023833519804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95429455591723,\n              32.61748294993062\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.28321931595231,\n              32.61748294993062\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.28321931595231,\n              36.479023833519804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95429455591723,\n              36.479023833519804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42ce4b0c8380cd4647d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weldon, R.","contributorId":99307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphreys, E.","contributorId":43112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphreys","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222104,"text":"5222104 - 1986 - Mercury, selenium, cadmium and organochlorines in eggs of three Hawaiian seabird species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T12:16:58","indexId":"5222104","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1557,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series B)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, selenium, cadmium and organochlorines in eggs of three Hawaiian seabird species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eggs of three representative species of seabirds (wedge-tailed shearwater&nbsp;</span><i>Puffinus pacificus</i><span>; red-footed booby&nbsp;</span><i>Sula sula</i><span>; and sooty tern&nbsp;</span><i>Sterna fuscata</i><span>) were collected in 1980 to determined differences in heavy metal, Se, and organochlorine residues among species nesting in the Hawaiian Archipelago and among the four nesting sites sampled (Oahu, French Frigate Shoals, Laysan, and Midway). Hg and Se were present in all eggs analysed, but Cd was not detected. Hg was usually highest in booby eggs, and there was a southeast-to-northeast trend toward higher concetrations in this species; booby eggs from Midway contained the highest mean concentration of Hg (0·36 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, wet weight). Se consistently occurred at lowest concentrations in booby eggs. When Se and Hg concentrations were expressed as nanomoles per gram, Se constituted 94–96% of the combined total at each location for shearwater and tern eggs. In booby eggs, the proportion as Se declined significantly (</span><i>α</i><span>&nbsp;= 0·05) from Oahu (93·4%) westward to Midway (85·9%). Although DDT occurred in most of the shearwater eggs from each site, it was not found in booby or tern eggs. DDE occured in all eggs, but mean concentrations did not exceed 0·6 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. DDE concentrations were higher in eggs from the two south-eastern nesting sites and were consistently highest in shearwater eggs. PCBs were found in most of the shearwater and booby eggs, but were not detected in tern eggs. Other organochlorines usually occurred more frequently in eggs of shearwaters than in other species. The only exception were α-HCH and HCB, which occurred more frequently in booby eggs. Kepone, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane compounds, and toxaphene were not detected. Differences in residue concentrations seem to reflect differences in diets and seasonal movements of the birds, and perhaps other factors such as atmospheric and oceanic transport of chemicals and physiological differences among the species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90022-4","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., and Harrison, S., 1986, Mercury, selenium, cadmium and organochlorines in eggs of three Hawaiian seabird species: Environmental Pollution (Series B), v. 11, no. 3, p. 169-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90022-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, S.","contributorId":16947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222080,"text":"5222080 - 1986 - Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5222080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation","docAbstract":"The effects of climate and herbivores on cool desert shrubs in north-western Utah were investigated with a dynamic simulation model.  Cool desert shrublands are extensively managed as grazing lands, and are defoliated annually by domestic livestock.  A primary production model was used to simulate harvest yields and shrub responses under a variety of climatic regimes and defoliation patterns. The model consists of six plant components, and it is based on equations of growth analysis.  Plant responses were simulated under various combinations of 20 annual weather patterns and 14 defoliation strategies.  Results of the simulations exhibit some unexpected linearities in model behavior, and emphasize the importance of both the pattern of climate and the level of plant vigor in determining optimal harvest strategies. Model behaviors are interpreted in terms of shrub morphology, physiology and ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1986, Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 23, p. 1-18.","productDescription":"1-18","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222156,"text":"5222156 - 1986 - Metal residues in bat colonies, Jackson County, Florida, 1981-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T18:18:30.668878","indexId":"5222156","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1668,"text":"Florida Field Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal residues in bat colonies, Jackson County, Florida, 1981-1983","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Wenner, A., and Moore, J.F., 1986, Metal residues in bat colonies, Jackson County, Florida, 1981-1983: Florida Field Naturalist, v. 14, no. 2, p. 38-45.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421463,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/134121"},{"id":199570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":349,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jackson\",\"state\":\"FL\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.0035,31.0021],[-85.0018,30.9967],[-85.0011,30.9921],[-85.0021,30.987],[-85.0036,30.9825],[-85.0035,30.9779],[-85.0023,30.9752],[-85.0001,30.9729],[-84.9921,30.9712],[-84.9873,30.97],[-84.984,30.9677],[-84.9807,30.9648],[-84.9796,30.962],[-84.979,30.9579],[-84.98,30.9538],[-84.981,30.951],[-84.9826,30.9456],[-84.983,30.9396],[-84.9819,30.9346],[-84.9792,30.9328],[-84.9771,30.9319],[-84.9746,30.9309],[-84.9723,30.9297],[-84.9701,30.9269],[-84.969,30.9242],[-84.9657,30.9192],[-84.956,30.9065],[-84.9487,30.898],[-84.9444,30.8939],[-84.9416,30.8913],[-84.9377,30.8884],[-84.9367,30.8872],[-84.9361,30.885],[-84.936,30.8804],[-84.9375,30.8767],[-84.9386,30.8738],[-84.939,30.8705],[-84.9373,30.8685],[-84.9342,30.866],[-84.9342,30.8633],[-84.9347,30.861],[-84.9362,30.8582],[-84.936,30.8557],[-84.9348,30.8525],[-84.9324,30.8505],[-84.9283,30.8462],[-84.9276,30.8441],[-84.9281,30.8423],[-84.9298,30.8412],[-84.9324,30.8384],[-84.9349,30.8358],[-84.937,30.8328],[-84.9375,30.8301],[-84.938,30.8269],[-84.9373,30.8237],[-84.9367,30.82],[-84.9351,30.8173],[-84.9329,30.8137],[-84.9309,30.8098],[-84.9303,30.8062],[-84.9313,30.8016],[-84.9313,30.7961],[-84.9302,30.7943],[-84.928,30.7888],[-84.9247,30.7846],[-84.921,30.7779],[-84.9204,30.7743],[-84.9209,30.7715],[-84.9208,30.7679],[-84.9164,30.7542],[-84.9143,30.751],[-84.9116,30.7506],[-84.909,30.751],[-84.9022,30.7525],[-84.8989,30.7521],[-84.8968,30.7508],[-84.8935,30.7481],[-84.8913,30.7445],[-84.8907,30.7408],[-84.8885,30.7358],[-84.8852,30.7327],[-84.876,30.7255],[-84.873,30.7225],[-84.8665,30.7116],[-84.8649,30.7094],[-84.8584,30.6998],[-84.8584,30.6962],[-84.8694,30.6833],[-84.8751,30.6718],[-84.8815,30.6681],[-84.8873,30.6639],[-84.8904,30.6598],[-84.8929,30.6465],[-84.904,30.6382],[-84.9045,30.6359],[-84.9054,30.6222],[-84.9138,30.6162],[-84.9276,30.6124],[-84.9328,30.6064],[-84.9987,30.6058],[-85.1144,30.6075],[-85.1267,30.6078],[-85.1665,30.6083],[-85.1675,30.6028],[-85.1674,30.5955],[-85.1695,30.5946],[-85.1721,30.5895],[-85.1725,30.5845],[-85.1699,30.5827],[-85.1693,30.5799],[-85.1719,30.5794],[-85.174,30.5748],[-85.1739,30.5689],[-85.1717,30.5644],[-85.3394,30.5666],[-85.3516,30.5664],[-85.3846,30.5664],[-85.3962,30.5668],[-85.4074,30.5671],[-85.4154,30.5674],[-85.4355,30.5672],[-85.4343,30.6801],[-85.4336,30.6975],[-85.4333,30.7455],[-85.433,30.7565],[-85.433,30.7857],[-85.483,30.786],[-85.4829,30.8088],[-85.4828,30.8299],[-85.5999,30.8305],[-85.5985,30.8406],[-85.5965,30.8489],[-85.5961,30.8539],[-85.5926,30.8644],[-85.5873,30.8682],[-85.5838,30.8774],[-85.5844,30.8819],[-85.5829,30.8852],[-85.5777,30.8939],[-85.5752,30.8994],[-85.571,30.9036],[-85.5668,30.9064],[-85.5652,30.9105],[-85.5584,30.9156],[-85.5528,30.9272],[-85.5501,30.9286],[-85.5486,30.9318],[-85.5385,30.9342],[-85.5316,30.938],[-85.5313,30.9466],[-85.5303,30.9503],[-85.5331,30.9603],[-85.5316,30.9658],[-85.5297,30.9741],[-85.5265,30.9755],[-85.5227,30.9751],[-85.5086,30.9867],[-85.5033,30.9904],[-85.4986,30.9966],[-85.4918,30.9967],[-85.4905,30.9967],[-85.4879,30.9968],[-85.3781,31.0003],[-85.1751,31.0013],[-85.0035,31.0021]]]}}]}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenner, A.S.","contributorId":41111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenner","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222095,"text":"5222095 - 1986 - Nest-site biology of the California condor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:19:34.13502","indexId":"5222095","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site biology of the California condor","docAbstract":"A study of 72 historical and recent nests of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) has revealed considerable variability in nest-site characteristics. This paper primarily summarizes the data on nest elevations and dimensions, entrance orientations, nest longevity and re-use, vulnerability of sites to natural enemies, and use of sites by other species. Although all known nests have been natural cavities, some have been little more than overhung ledges on cliffs, while others have been deep, dark caves with nest chambers completely concealed from the outside. Two sites have been cavities in giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Contrary to previous assumptions, condors do modify the characteristics of their nest sites significantly and commonly construct substrates of coarse gravel on which to rest their eggs. Many nests have been completely accessible to terrestrial predators, many have been poorly protected from avian predators, and some have had structural flaws leading directly to nesting failure. The use of suboptimal sites has not been clearly related to a scarcity of better quality sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368920","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Ramey, R., and Sibley, F., 1986, Nest-site biology of the California condor: Condor, v. 88, no. 2, p. 228-241, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368920.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol88/iss2/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":197949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, R.R.","contributorId":70883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibley, F.C.","contributorId":79971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222084,"text":"5222084 - 1986 - Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:38:50.30475","indexId":"5222084","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (<i>Gymnogyps californianus</i>)","title":"Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>California condor (</span><i>Gymnogyps californianus</i><span>) foods and feathers, and turkey vultures (</span><i>Cathartes aura</i><span>), common ravens (</span><i>Corvus corax</i><span>), and their eggs were collected within the condor range to determine exposure of condors to environmental contaminants. Samples were analyzed for organochlorines and trace elements. Food items contained low concentrations of organochlorines and generally low concentrations of lead. DDE was detected in all vulture carcasses and nearly all raven carcasses at generally moderate concentrations. Other organochlorines occurred infrequently in carcasses and generally at low concentrations. Turkey vulture eggshells were 16% thinner than the pre-DDT mean; there was no change in shell thickness of raven eggs. Vulture eggs contained an average of 6.9 ppm DDE and two contained excessive concentrations of endrin. DDE concentrations were low in raven eggs. Residues of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Se, Tl, and Zn in tissues of vultures and ravens appeared normal when compared with reference values for other species. Lead concentrations in bone of turkey vultures and feathers of condors appeared to be elevated above normal background concentrations in some cases. Current exposure of condors to organochlorines appears low; however, we are concerned about the excessive exposure of turkey vultures to organochlorines, possibly in Central America. Lead exposure to vultures and condors has occurred, but its significance to their populations is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394290","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Jurek, R., and Moore, J.F., 1986, Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus): Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 6, no. 1, p. 91-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394290.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60240e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurek, R.M.","contributorId":54313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurek","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222094,"text":"5222094 - 1986 - Differences in mortality among bobwhite fed methylmercury chloride dissolved in various carriers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:24:17.596568","indexId":"5222094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in mortality among bobwhite fed methylmercury chloride dissolved in various carriers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twelve-day-old bobwhite chicks were fed a diet containing 0, 5.4 or 20 ppm methylmercury chloride. The methylmercury chloride was added to the diet either in a dry, pulverized form or dissolved in acetone, propylene glycol or corn oil. Mortality was measured for 6 weeks, and samples of liver were saved for mercury analysis. Mortality was significantly lower in birds fed 20 ppm methylmercury chloride when acetone was the solvent. The reduced mortality could not be explained by effects of acetone on dietary level of mercury or on uptake of mercury into the body.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050802","usgsCitation":"Spann, J.W., Heinz, G.H., Camardese, M., Hill, E.F., Moore, J.F., and Murray, H.C., 1986, Differences in mortality among bobwhite fed methylmercury chloride dissolved in various carriers: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 8, p. 721-724, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050802.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murray, H. C.","contributorId":30702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223835,"text":"5223835 - 1986 - Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (Canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T22:55:57.648398","indexId":"5223835","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2205,"text":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) and their dependence on reproductive hormones","title":"Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (Canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones","docAbstract":"<p><span>The volatile components of castrated male and ovariectomized female wolf urine were investigated and correlated with the administration of testosterone or estradiol and progesterone. The results indicate that testosterone induces in the castrated male the formation of some compounds typically associated with the intact male, while reducing the levels of some compounds associated with castrated male and female. The production of some of the “male” compounds was also induced in the ovariectomized female, although at lower levels. Changes in hormone levels during treatment of females are reflected in the composition of the urinary volatiles. Consequently, many of these compounds could be used to communicate gender as well as reproductive status.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01045612","usgsCitation":"Raymer, J., Wiesler, D., Novotny, M., Asa, C., Seal, U., and Mech, L., 1986, Chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (Canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 297-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01045612.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymer, J.","contributorId":94003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiesler, D.","contributorId":43072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiesler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novotny, M.","contributorId":27970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asa, C.","contributorId":64761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asa","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224213,"text":"5224213 - 1986 - This week?s Citation Classic: 'Stickel, L. F. A comparison of certain methods of measuring ranges of small mammals. J. Mammalogy 35: 1-15, 1954.'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224213","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1353,"text":"Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"This week?s Citation Classic: 'Stickel, L. F. A comparison of certain methods of measuring ranges of small mammals. J. Mammalogy 35: 1-15, 1954.'","docAbstract":"During my first employment as a junior biologist conducting food habits analyses at the Patuxent Research Refuge (now Patuxent Wildlife Research Center) of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the first station director, Arnold L. Nelson, gave each staff biologist the opportunity to spend a little time conducting field studies on the 2,600-acre research area.  These studies were to help in ecological evaluation of the area, but also, no doubt, functioned as a morale builder for biologists daily engaged in difficult, demanding and confining laboratory work.      I undertook to measure the population density of small mammals in different habitats.  The state-of-the-art methods recommended to me and prevalent in the literature worried me, especially after preliminary field work.  Reading the classic, paper by W.H. Burt [Terrioriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals.  J. Mammalogy 24:346-352, 1943] was a turning point for me in seeing that knowledge of home-range size was the key to measuring population density. My first papers  employed these concepts in field evaluations.  However, they could give-only limited attention to the question of how home ranges could be measured.  Furthermore, the importance of knowledge of the home range to habitat evaluation and to understanding animal behavior was becoming increasingly apparent.  Advocacy of many different methods of measuring home ranges appeared in the literature.  It did not seem possible to evaluate them objectively.      It occurred to me that artificial populations could be used to help in understanding the mechanisms of measuring home ranges.  The effects of random trap-visiting, bias toward central traps, trap-spacing, range shape, and other factors could be considered.   So grids of traps were inked onto oversize graph paper, and simulated ranges were cut from plastic to be tossed as randomly as possible on the trap-grids.  It was a slow, laborious job.      Analysis showed that random captures in artificial populations produced patterns that  were similar in many ways to those observed in field studies; the necessity of appropriate trap-spacing in relation to range size became obvious.  Some commonly used methods of expressing range size proved to be clearly superior to others.   However, the artificial populations could not fully simulate actual populations, where use patterns changed as conditions changed and the ?boundaries? of ranges tended to shift continuously or with time.  Progress was made, but problems remained.      I suspect that the reasons the paper has been cited frequently rest on the continuing interest in home-range behavior and the continuing difficulty in field evaluations, despite  the many advances in observational methodology.  The sophisticated techniques that became possible with the use of computers [R.I. Jennrich and F.B. Turner.  Measurement of non-circular home range.  J. Theor. Biol 23:227-237, 1969] also presented new possibilities for analysis and understanding of home-range characteristics and created a resurgence of interest in home-range behavior and its biological significance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"As of 1986, this paper has been cited in over 150 publications since 1955.","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., 1986, This week?s Citation Classic: 'Stickel, L. F. A comparison of certain methods of measuring ranges of small mammals. J. Mammalogy 35: 1-15, 1954.': Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, v. 17, no. 50.","productDescription":"18","startPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1986/A1986F063200001.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"17","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223822,"text":"5223822 - 1986 - Trap-related injuries to gray wolves in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T11:28:12","indexId":"5223822","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trap-related injuries to gray wolves in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) captured in traps with toothed jaws offset 1.8 cm incurred fewer injuries than those captured in 3 other types of steel traps. Few wolves seriously damaged canine or carnassial teeth while in traps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801494","usgsCitation":"Kuehn, D.W., Fuller, T.K., Mech, L.D., Paul, W., Fritts, S.H., and Berg, W.E., 1986, Trap-related injuries to gray wolves in Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 90-91, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801494.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuehn, David W.","contributorId":72097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":35700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paul, William J.","contributorId":94726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":198180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berg, William E.","contributorId":98349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5222105,"text":"5222105 - 1986 - Estimating nest detection probabilities for white-winged dove nest transects in Tamaulipas, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:20:49","indexId":"5222105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nest detection probabilities for white-winged dove nest transects in Tamaulipas, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Nest transects in nesting colonies provide one source of information on White-winged Dove (<i>Zenaida asiatica asiatica</i>) population status and reproduction. Nests are counted along transects using standardized field methods each year in Texas and northeastern Mexico by personnel associated with Mexico's Office of Flora and Fauna, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Nest counts on transects are combined with information on the size of nesting colonies to estimate total numbers of nests in sampled colonies. Historically, these estimates have been based on the actual nest counts on transects and thus have required the assumption that all nests lying within transect boundaries are detected (seen) with a probability of one. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that nest detection probability is one and, if rejected, to estimate this probability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Tomlinson, R.E., and Waggerman, G., 1986, Estimating nest detection probabilities for white-winged dove nest transects in Tamaulipas, Mexico: The Auk, v. 103, no. 4, p. 825-828.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"828","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087198 "}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, R. E.","contributorId":78830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waggerman, G.","contributorId":27581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waggerman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220787,"text":"5220787 - 1986 - Effect of Orthene on an unconfined population of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T11:06:48","indexId":"5220787","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effect of Orthene® on an unconfined population of the meadow vole (<i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>)","title":"Effect of Orthene on an unconfined population of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The possible impact on&nbsp;</span><i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of ground applications of Orthene</span><sup>®</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>insecticide was investigated in old-field habitats in northern Maryland during 1982 and 1983. The treatment grids in 1982 and 1983 were sprayed at 0.62 and 0.82 kg active ingredient/ha, respectively. A capture–recapture design robust to unequal capture probabilities was utilized to estimate population size, survival, and recruitment. Data on reproductive activity and relative weight change were also collected to investigate the effect of the insecticide treatment. There were no significant differences in population size or recruitment between control and treatment grids which could be directly related to the treatment. Survival rate was significantly lower on the treatment grid than on the control grid after spraying in 1983; however, survival rate was higher on the treatment grid after spraying in 1982. Significantly fewer pregnant adults were found on the treatment grid after spraying in 1982, whereas the proportions of voles lactating or with perforate vaginas or open pubic symphyses were slightly higher or remained unchanged during this period. Relative weight change was not affected by the treatment. Results do not indicate any pattern of inhibitory effects from the insecticide treatment. Field application of Orthene</span><sup>®</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>did not have an adverse effect on this<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Microtus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z86-038","usgsCitation":"Jett, D.A., Nichols, J.D., and Hines, J., 1986, Effect of Orthene on an unconfined population of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 64, no. 1, p. 243-250, https://doi.org/10.1139/z86-038.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jett, David A.","contributorId":66366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222213,"text":"5222213 - 1986 - An overview of raptor conservation in Latin America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5222213","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1057,"text":"Birds of Prey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of raptor conservation in Latin America","docAbstract":"Prior to the last decade, biological studies of raptorial birds in Latin America were almost nonexistent. For many species little more was known than their general range and habitat type. The last few years have seen the opening of a door to what will surely be a flood of scientific investigations.  Ultimately, the survival of raptor communities in Latin America depends not only on research but also on several other equally significant conservation efforts. These typically appear in the following order: first, appropriate legislation must be enacted and enforced to provide legal protection; second, the public must be educated concerning the value of wildlife; third, substantial blocks of favourable habitat must be identified and preserved; fourth, economic incentives must be generated so that the local human populations actually benefit from the preservation of vulnerable wildlife and natural habitats; and finally, the long-term success of all of these efforts in each nation depends on the attainment of political, economic and social stability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birds of Prey Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Smith, D., 1986, An overview of raptor conservation in Latin America: Birds of Prey Bulletin, v. 3, p. 21-25.","productDescription":"21-25","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68395e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222144,"text":"5222144 - 1986 - Organochlorine contaminants in passeriformes and other avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:17:08.298576","indexId":"5222144","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine contaminants in passeriformes and other avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>About 1,150 individuals of 38 species of Passeriformes and other small birds were collected in 1980 at 36 locations in eight western U.S. states for organochlorine (OC) chemical analysis. The bird carcasses (less beak, tarsi, gastrointestinal tract, and feathers) were combined by species and location (4 to 15 specimens per sample) into 124 composited samples for analysis. Also analyzed were 77 single specimens of four species, to assess variation in residue concentrations in individual birds. The chemicals detected (greater than 0.05 ppm) were the following (in order of frequency): DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, dieldrin and toxaphene. DDE accounted for 72% of total OC concentrations (ppm DDE/ppm total OCs) overall and PCBs accounted for 3%. DDE mean (geometric) residues were highest in tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Vieillot), 12.0 ppm; killdeer (<i>Charadrius vociferus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.), 5.9 ppm; and Brewer's blackbirds (<i>Euphagus cyanocephalus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Wagler), 2.7 ppm. Eight migratory species showed mean DDE residues 13 times higher than those in four resident species (1.3 vs. 0.1 ppm,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05), but PCB residues were similar (0.03 vs. 0.02 ppm). Insectivorous species showed higher DDE, PCB and total OC residues than did either omnivores or granivores (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05). Males of some species showed higher residues of DDE, PCBs and total OCs than did females (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05). DDE residues, but not PCBs, in killdeer, Brewer's blackbirds and violet-green swallows (<i>Tachycineta thalassina</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Swainson) were significantly related (0.01 &lt;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.08) to latitude and longitude of origin.</p><p>Concentrations of DDE in the carcass fat of some individual tree swallows and killdeer would be in the lethal range if 15 to 20% of the stored DDE were rapidly mobilized to the brain. Samples of 13 species contained DDE concentrations (greater than 3 ppm) considered sufficient to inhibit the normal reproduction of avian predators feeding on them. The evidence suggests that potentially harmful OC concentrations are present in certain western migrants and pose an even greater hazard to avian predators such as the peregrine falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Tunstall).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050708","usgsCitation":"DeWeese, L., McEwen, L.C., Hensler, G.L., and Petersen, B., 1986, Organochlorine contaminants in passeriformes and other avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the western United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 7, p. 675-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050708.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"693","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, L. C.","contributorId":33414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, B.E.","contributorId":38670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222139,"text":"5222139 - 1986 - The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T16:20:26","indexId":"5222139","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds","docAbstract":"The loss of wetlands continues world-wide.  The impact especially has been felt in coastal areas, but water management elsewhere has resulted in marked reductions of aquatic bird populations.  Concern for wetland management led to the convocation of a symposium on waterbird and shorebird use of natural and man-modified wetlands in December 1985 at the first joint meeting of the Colonial Waterbird Group and the Pacific Seabird Group.  Contributions discussed a wide cross-section of taxa, geographic area, wetland type, and level of approach.  Coverage included North America, South America, and Europe.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colonial Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1521205","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., Coulter, M., and Cogswell, H., 1986, The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 2, p. 137-138, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521205.","productDescription":"137-138","startPage":"137","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6347ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael","contributorId":87854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coulter, Malcolm","contributorId":63506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cogswell, H.","contributorId":11310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cogswell","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222138,"text":"5222138 - 1986 - Winter distribution and oiling of common terns in Trinidad:  A further look","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5222138","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter distribution and oiling of common terns in Trinidad:  A further look","docAbstract":" Common Terns were studied during January and March 1985 in Trinidad as part of wintering terns in Latin America. Eighty-nine birds were captured, 33 in January, 56 in March. Terns averaged 102 .+-. 0.9 g, with March birds weighing more than those caught in January. This weight is similar to that reported earlier by Blokpoel et al. (1982, 1984) and is considerably less than weights of either premigratory immature or adult Common Terns. Terns in Trinidad appear to be opportunistic, using human fishing for their food source and roosting on boats, oil platforms and other man-made structures. One-half of the captured sample of birds had at least detectable amounts of oil on the plumage. This represents the highest frequency of oiling reported yet for any seabird living under 'baseline' (non-spill) conditions in North or Central America. Oiling had no apparent major effect on the condition of birds since oiled birds had similar weights and blood parameters when compared to unoiled birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Smith, G.J., and Clapp, R.B., 1986, Winter distribution and oiling of common terns in Trinidad:  A further look: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 57, no. 4, p. 300-308.","productDescription":"300-308","startPage":"300","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v057n04/p0300-p0308.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a9e4b07f02db5c3850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222133,"text":"5222133 - 1986 - Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5222133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985","docAbstract":"Serum samples (n = 137) from 47 wild wolves (Canis lupus; 21 pups and 26 adults) were evaluated from 1975 to 1985 for antibodies against canine parvovirus, using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. In addition, several blood samples (n = 35) from 14 of these wolves (6 pups and 8 adults) were evaluated simultaneously for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and for hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Sixty-nine (50%) of the serum samples (35 wolves) had HI titers of greater than or equal to 256, whereas 68 (50%) of the samples (16 wolves) had HI titers of less than or equal to 128. Significant differences in the geometric mean titers were not found between pups and adults or between males and females. Of the 47 wolves evaluated, 12 (25%) developed a greater than or equal to fourfold increase in antibody titers during the 11-year period, with 2 wolves developing serologic conversions in 1976. The data indicate that canine parvovirus may have begun infecting wolves before or at the same time that it began infecting the dog population in the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Goyal, S., Mech, L., Rademacher, R., Khan, M., and Seal, U., 1986, Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 189, no. 9, p. 1092-1094.","productDescription":"1092-1094","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1094","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"189","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rademacher, R.A.","contributorId":30330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rademacher","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, M.A.","contributorId":81916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222132,"text":"5222132 - 1986 - Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T15:18:01.639115","indexId":"5222132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches","docAbstract":"The potential for agricultural chemicals to enter prairie-pothole wetlands and impact wildlife dependent on these wetlands for survival and reproduction appears to be great. However, the actual risk to wetland wildlife from the inputs of these chemicals cannot be adequately assessed at this time, because of insufficient data. Available data on the use of pesticides in the prairie-pothole region and the toxicity of these pesticides suggest that insecticides pose the greatest hazard to wetland wildlife, particularly birds. The majority of the most widely used insecticides within the region are very toxic to aquatic invertebrates and birds. Of particular concern are the impacts of agricultural chemicals on the quality of the remaining wetlands in the region and whether or not these impacts have contributed to observed declines in waterfowl populations. Although existing data suggest that adult and juvenile waterfowl may not be more sensitive to these chemicals than are other wetland wildlife, their food habits and feeding behaviors may make them more vulnerable to direct toxic effects or chemical-induced changes in the abundance of aquatic invertebrates. Laboratory and field studies in the United States and Canada are critically needed to assess these potential impacts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., DeWeese, L., Mineau, P., Swanson, G., Foster, J., Arnold, P., Huckins, J., Sheenan, P., Marshall, W., and Ludden, A., 1986, Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 51, p. 357-383.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mineau, P.","contributorId":86067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineau","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, G.A.","contributorId":49299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, J.R.","contributorId":53912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, P.M.","contributorId":63750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sheenan, P.J.","contributorId":36250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheenan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marshall, W.K.","contributorId":67182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ludden, A.P.","contributorId":25530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludden","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5222131,"text":"5222131 - 1986 - Use of captive starlings to determine effects of environmental contaminants on passerine reproduction:  Pen characteristics and nestling food requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T01:03:37.339742","indexId":"5222131","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of captive starlings to determine effects of environmental contaminants on passerine reproduction:  Pen characteristics and nestling food requirements","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01607819","usgsCitation":"Grue, C.E., and Franson, L., 1986, Use of captive starlings to determine effects of environmental contaminants on passerine reproduction:  Pen characteristics and nestling food requirements: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 655-663, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01607819.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"663","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, Christian E. cgrue@usgs.gov","contributorId":3354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"Christian","email":"cgrue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":335587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, L.P.","contributorId":20434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222129,"text":"5222129 - 1986 - Radiotelemetry locates wintering grounds of DDE-contaminated black-crowned night-herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222129","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiotelemetry locates wintering grounds of DDE-contaminated black-crowned night-herons","docAbstract":"This study was designed to determine if night-herons nesting at Ruby Lake, Nevada, shared a common wintering area with lesser contaminated night-herons nesting farther north in Oregon and Idaho. Radiotelemetry (29 transmitters) and banding studies indicated that the lesser-contaminated Oregon-Idaho night-herons wintered primarily in coastal Mexico (mean 22-23'N latitude), while the Ruby Lake night-herons wintered in the southwestern United States with some in the interior of northern Mexico (mean 29-30?N latitude). We believe the nearly disjunct wintering areas for the populations, and the apparent differing pollutant loads on the wintering areas accounted for the 3-fold higher DDE egg residues at Ruby Lake. Findings from this study emphasize the influence migration patterns can have on pollutants accumulated by populations of migratory birds nesting in relatively unpolluted areas and at relatively short distances apart (400 km).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"3336_Henny.pdf","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Blus, L.J., 1986, Radiotelemetry locates wintering grounds of DDE-contaminated black-crowned night-herons: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 3, p. 236-241.","productDescription":"236-241","startPage":"236","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17715,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782239","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}